,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #af 
,CULTURE & ,PROP]TY 7#a#i#e7 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ELISEE ,RECLUS 

,TEXT 3 

#a#f3 ,CULTURE & ,PROP]TY 7#a#i#e7 

  

,SOME ( ,RECLUS' MO/ EXT5SIVE COMM5TS ON HI/ORICAL =MS ( PROP]TY >E F\ND 9 0,CULTURE & ,PROP]TY10 :I* IS 9 VOLUME #f ( ,L',HOMME ET LA ,T]RE 7,P>IS3 ,LIBRAIRIE ,UNIV]SELLE1 #a#i#e-#h71 #b#b#e-#c#a#a4 ,!RE HE DISCUSSES ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 L>GE & SMALL PROP]TY HOLD+S1 9DIVIDUAL & COMMUNAL PROP]TY1 & COOP]ATIVE & COMPETITIVE PRACTICES4 ,! FOLL[+ SELECTIONS >E TAK5 FROM ?AT *APT] 7#b#f#h-#g#a1 #b#h-#h#e74 ,! TEXT 9CLUDES SOME ( ,RECLUS' MO/ ELOQU5T 5COMIUMS TO COOP]ATION & /++ CRITICISMS ( CONC5TRAT$ ECONOMIC P[]4 

,!RE IS NOT A S+LE ,EUROPEAN C\NTRY 9 :I* ! TRADITIONS ( ! OLD COMMUNAL PROP]TY HAVE 5TIRELY DISAPPE>$4 ,9 C]TA9 >EAS1 NOTABLY 9 ! ,>D5NES & 9 ! /EEP M\NTA9\S REGIONS ( ,SWITZ]L&1 :]E ! PEASANTS DID NOT HAVE TO SUBMIT TO ! K9D ( OPPRESSION TO :I* ! ,G]MAN VILLAG]S W]E SUBJECT$ AFT] ! W>S ( ! ,RE=MATION1 COMMUNAL PROP]TY IS /ILL WIDESPREAD 5\< TO CON/ITUTE A CONSID]ABLE P>T ( ! T]RITORY4 

,9 ! ,BELGIAN ,>D5NES1 ! COLLECTIVE L&S >E COMPOS$ ( ?REE P>TS3 ! WOODS1 ! FRE%LY CLE>$ GR\ND .<S>T.>1 & ! PA/URES4 ,!Y ALSO (T5 9CLUDE >ABLE L& & QU>RIES4 ,! WOODS1 :I* =M ! L>GE/ P>T ( ! PROP]TY1 >E DIVID$ 9TO A C]TA9 NUMB] ( SECTIONS1 G5]ALLY TW5TY TO TW5TY-TWO4 ,EA* YE>1 ONE SECTION IS DIVID$ BY DRAW+ LOTS AMONG ! V>I\S H\SEHOLDS ( ! COMMUNE1 ! B>K ( ! OAKS HAV+ BE5 PREVI\SLY /RIPP$ = ! B5EFIT ( ! COMMUNAL C(F]S4 ,= ! WORK ) HEAVY WOOD1 ! FAMILIES DIVIDE 9TO GR\PS ( FIVE1 :OSE MEMB]S ROTATE ! RESPONSIBILITY ( CUTT+ D[N ! TREES1 SQU>+ ! TIMB]1 & TRANSPORT+ IT4 ,AFT] ! CUTT+1 EA* P]SON PROCE$S TO CLE> ! PORTION ( ! L& ?AT FELL TO HIS LOT & S[S ! RYE ?AT HE WILL H>VE/ ! FOLL[+ YE>4 ,TWO & A HALF YE>S AFT] H>VE/+ ! RYE1 ! 9HABITANTS APPORTION ! BROOM PLANTS ?AT HAVE GR[N 9 ! CLE>+S1 AFT] :I* ! SECTION1 9 :I* NEW GR[? HAS ALREADY BEGUN1 IS LEFT TO ITSELF UNTIL ! SAME OP]ATIONS RECOMM5CE4 ,! GRAZ+ IS COMMUNAL & )\T ANY SPECIAL ORGANIZATION1 & TAKES PLACE ON ! UNCULTIVAT$ L&S1 9 ! MATURE WOODS1 & 9 ! BRU% SIX OR SEV5 YE>S AFT] A CUTT+4 ,/ONES MAY BE QU>RI$ FREELY1 B>R+ ANY PREVI\S NOTICE TO ! CONTR>Y4 

,!SE CU/OMS CLE>LY 9FLU5CE ! MORAL *>ACT] ( 9DIVIDUALS & GREATLY DEVELOP !IR SPIRIT ( SOLID>ITY1 MUTUAL K9DNESS1 & HE>TFELT FRI5DL9ESS4 ,?US IT IS CU/OM>Y TO =M VOLUNT>Y WORK CREWS = ! B5EFIT ( ?OSE :O NE$ WORK DONE4 ,! LATT] NE$ ONLY TO /ATE !IR REQUE/ BY PROCE$+ NOISILY ?R\< ! VILLAGE1 CALL+ \T1 0,SO-&-SO NE$S SOME?+ DONE6 ,:O WANTS TO HELP \T80 ,IMM$IATELY A GR\P APPE>S & ITS MEMB]S PUT !IR HEADS TOGE!R TO FIGURE \T :O CAN BE/ UND]TAKE ! JOB1 & ! S]VICE IS R5D]$4.<#d#h#e.> ,SU* /ORIES ALSO COME TO US FROM ! ,QUEYRAS4.<#d#h#f.> 

,9 ALL ( ,SWITZ]L&1 TWO-?IRDS ( ! ALP9E PRAIRIES & =E/S BELONG TO ! COMMUNES1 :I* ALSO [N PEAT BOGS1 RE$ M>%ES1 & QU>RIES1 AS WELL AS FIELDS1 OR*>DS1 & V9EY>DS4 ,ON MANY OCCASIONS :5 ! CO-PROPRIETORS ( ! COMMUNE HAVE TO WORK TOGE!R1 !Y FEEL AS ?\< !Y >E AT A FE/IVAL RA!R ?AN AT WORK4 ,! Y\NG M5 & WOM5 CLIMB TO ! HI< M\NTA9 PA/URES1 DRIV+ !IR H]DS BE=E !M TO ! H>MONI\S CL9K+ ( ! BELLS4 ,AT O!R TIMES1 ! WORK IS MORE DIFFICULT4 ,:ILE ! SN[ /ILL COV]S ! GR\ND1 ! WOODSM51 >M$ ) AXES1 CUT ! HI< P9ES 9 ! COMMUNAL =E/4 ,!Y /RIP ! SAWLOGS & SLIDE !M D[N ! AVALAN*E CORRIDORS TO ! TORR5T ?AT WILL C>RY !M AWAY 9 ITS B5DS & RAPIDS4 

,!N !RE >E ! EV5+ GA!R+S ON W9T] NI<TS1 9 :I* ALL >E SUMMON$ TO ! HOME ( :OEV] HAS ! MO/ URG5T WORK1 :E!R IT IS TO %ELL CORN1 HULL NUTS1 OR MAKE W$D+ GIFTS = A WOMAN 5GAG$ TO BE M>RI$4 ,DUR+ !SE GA!R+S1 ! WORK IS A PLEASURE4 ,! *ILDR5 WANT TO P>TICIPATE1 = EV]Y?+ IS NEW TO !M4 ,9/EAD ( GO+ TO B$1 !Y /AY UP ) ! ADULTS & >E GIV5 ! BE/ ( ! *E/NUTS ROA/+ UND] ! HOT EMB]S4 ,:5 DREAMTIME IS NE>1 !Y LI/5 TO SONGS & >E TOLD /ORIES1 ADV5TURES1 & FABLES1 :I* >E TRANS=M$ BY !IR IMAG9ATIONS 9TO M>VEL\S APP>ITIONS4 ,IT IS (T5 DUR+ SU* NI<TS ( MUTUAL GOOD WILL ?AT A *ILD'S BE+ P]MAN5TLY TAKES %APE4 ,H]E1 ONE'S LOVES 9 LIFE >E K9DL$1 & LIFE'S BITT]NESS IS MADE SWEET]4 

,?US ! SPIRIT ( FULL ASSOCIATION HAS BY NO MEANS DISAPPE>$ 9 ! COMMUNES1 DESPITE ALL ! ILL WILL ( ! RI* & ! /ATE1 :O HAVE EV]Y 9T]E/ 9 BREAK+ AP>T !SE TI<TLY B\ND BUNDLES ( RESI/ANCE TO !IR GRE$ OR P[] & :O ATTEMPT TO R$UCE SOCIETY TO A COLLECTION ( ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS4 ,TRADITIONAL MUTUAL AID OCCURS EV5 AMONG PEOPLE ( DIFF]5T LANGUAGES & NATIONS4 ,9 ,SWITZ]L&1 IT IS CU/OM>Y TO EX*ANGE *ILDR5 FROM FAMILY TO FAMILY1 BETWE5 ! ,G]MAN & ! ,FR5* CANTONS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! C\NTRY PEOPLE ( ,BE>N S5D !IR *ILDR5 TO ! ,BASQUE C\NTRY1 WELCOM+ 9 TURN Y\NG ,BASQUES AS F>M BOYS4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 !Y WILL ALL SOON LE>N ! TWO LANGUAGES )\T ! P>5TS HAV+ TO SP5D ANY MONEY4 ,F9ALLY1 ALL 9DIVIDUALS ) A SIMIL> TRADE & COMMON 9T]E/S--:E!R !Y BE COAL M]*ANTS1 HUNT]S1 OR SAILORS--HAVE E/ABLI%$ VIRTUAL CONFRAT]NITIES HAV+ NEI!R WRITT5 CON/ITUTIONS NOR SIGNATURES1 BUT NEV]!LESS =M+ SMALL1 CLOSE-KNIT REPUBLICS4 ,?R\<\T ! WORLD1 C>NIVAL P]=M]S :O MEET BY *ANCE ON ! ROAD >E ALLI$ 9 A SORT ( FREEMASONRY ?AT IS F> MORE SOLEMN ?AN ?AT ( ! 0BRO!RS0 :O GA!R 9 ! TEMPLES ( ,HIRAM4.<#d#h#g.> 

,IT IS EVID5T ?AT ANYONE :O BECOMES MA/] OV] HIS FELL[ MAN ?R\< W>1 CONQUE/1 USURY1 OR ANY O!R MEANS !REBY E/ABLI%ES PRIVATE PROP]TY = HIS [N ADVANTAGE4 ,= BY APPROPRIAT+ ! MAN1 HE ALSO TAKES POSSESSION ( ANO!R'S LABOR & ( ! PRODUCT ( ?AT LABOR1 & F9ALLY ( ?AT PORTION ( ! COMMON SOIL ON :I* HIS SLAVE PRODUCES CROPS4 ,NO MATT] H[ T5ACI\SLY ! PEOPLE MAY HAVE S\<T TO MA9TA9 !IR ANCI5T TRADITIONS1 ! P[] ( K+S HAS 9EVITABLY L$ !SE RUL]S TO 9DULGE !IR CAPRICE4 ,!Y TAKE M5 & L&1 & DISP5SE ALL ACCORD+ TO !IR :IMS4 ,! =MS ( GRATITUDE1 ! HOMAGE ( VASSALS1 & ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( T5URE HAVE V>I$ ACCORD+ TO ! C\NTRY & ! AGE1 BUT ! ESS5TIAL FACT IS ?AT [N]%IP ( ! L& WAS NO LONG] SECUR$ = ?OSE :O WORK$ IT BUT WAS 9/EAD GRANT$ TO ONE :O WAS 9CAPABLE ( H&L+ A SPADE OR DRIV+ A PL[4 

,JU/ AS COMMON PROP]TY & PRIVATE PROP]TY CONFLICT1 !RE IS A CON/ANTLY RAG+ BATTLE BETWE5 L>GE & SMALL PROP]TY4 ,NOT ONLY DOES EA* CREATE CLASS GR\P+S HO/ILE TO ONE ANO!R1 BUT !Y ALSO COLLIDE AS TWO DIFF]5T & 5EMY SY/EMS4 ,AL?\< EA* >ISES FROM ! APPETITES & PASSIONS ( MAN1 ! TWO =MS ( PROP]TY >E PRES5T$ BY !IR ADVOCATES AS SY/EMS ?AT %\LD BE MA9TA9$ P]MAN5TLY BECAUSE ( !IR ESS5TIAL VIRTUES4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 SMALL [N]%IP1 :I* SEEMS CLOS] TO NATURAL EQUITY1 IS VAUNT$ AS ! IDEAL /ATE4 ,IT (F]S TO ! F>M+ FAMILY A LIFE ( CON/ANT WORK & REGUL> EMPLOYM5T TO FILL ITS H\RS & DAYS4 ,EV5 :5 ! FIELDS >E FALL[1 ! MEMB]S ( ! H\SEHOLD MU/ T5D TO ! LIVE/OCK & PREP>E !IR PRODUCE4 ,!Y ALSO DECORATE !IR HOMES1 & 9 ?IS WAY >T PLAYS A NORMAL ROLE 9 ! LIFE ( ! PEASANT4 ,NOVELI/S DELI<T 9 ! RU/IC COTTAGE1 :I* BECOMES ! *>M+ SETT+ = ! IDYLL ( !IR DREAMS4 ,BUT ?\< ! DREAM HAS BE5 REALIZ$ MANY TIMES1 IT IS MU* MORE LIKELY ?AT A WRET*$ POV]TY WILL 9HABIT ! HE>?4 ,& EV5 IF A HUMBLE FAMILY IS LUCKY 5\< TO 5JOY MODE/ COM=T1 :AT CAN !Y DO TO 5L>GE !IR HORIZONS1 TO EXP& !IR IDEAS1 TO R5EW !IR 9TELLECTUAL RES\RCES1 OR EV5 TO 9CREASE !IR KN[L$GE ( !IR [N 9DU/RY8 ,! R\T9E ?AT B9DS !M TO ! H]$IT>Y SOIL ALSO HOLDS !M TI<TLY 9 ! GRIP ( ! CU/OMS ( ! PA/4 ,H[EV] FREE !Y MAY APPE> TO BE1 !Y NEV]!LESS POSSESS ! S\LS ( SLAVES4 

,! [N]S ( VA/ L&HOLD+S CLAIM TO BE $UCATORS 9 ! SCI5CE ( AGRICULTURE 9 ORD] TO JU/IFY ! USURPATION ( COMMUNAL & PRIVATE L&S DUE TO !IR BIR?1 H]$IT>Y WEAL?1 OR SPECULATIONS4 ,?IS CLAIM IS P>TICUL>LY 9APPROPRIATE 9 ! CASE ( ?OSE P[]FUL LORDS :O >E C>EFUL TO LIVE SOME:]E O!R ?AN ON !IR [N L&S1 LIKE MO/ ( ! NOBILITY ( ,IRI% E/ATES1 :O >E WELL AW>E ( ! HATR$ !IR T5ANT F>M]S FEEL = !M4 ,IS IT NOT1 !N1 SIMPLY LUDICR\S TO SPEAK ( !M AS 0$UCATORS0 ( ANY SORT8 ,& :AT AB\T ?OSE :O MI<T O!RWISE BE W>MLY RECEIV$ BY S]FS RECONCIL$ TO ! CONDITION ( NON-[N]%IP1 BUT :O1 CONC]N$ ONLY ) RECEIV+ !IR 9COME1 H& OV] ! 5TIRE BURD5 ( MANAGEM5T TO /EW>DS1 TRU/EES1 OR LAWY]S1 = :OM ! MANAGEM5T ( ! E/ATE IS ALSO F> FROM BE+ A SELFLESS DUTY8 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT 9 C]TA9 C\NTRIES R5[N$ AGRONOMI/S [N+ L>GE E/ATES HAVE 9/ITUT$ EXCELL5T ME?ODS ( CULTIVAT+ ! SOIL1 MANAG$ !IR FIELDS AS SCI5TIFICALLY AS ! *EMICAL 9DU/RIES ?AT UTILIZE ! MO/ UP-TO-DATE PROCESSES1 9TRODUC$ NEW SPECIES ( PLANTS & ANIMALS1 & ADOPT$ PRACTICES ?AT W]E PREVI\SLY UNKN[N4 ,ONE MU/ NOT =GET1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! LATIFUNDIUM.<#d#h#h.> 9 ITS ESS5CE 9EVITABLY REQUIRES ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY BE DEPRIV$ ( L&4 ,IF A FEW HAVE MU*1 IT IS BECAUSE ! MAJORITY NO LONG] HAVE ANY4 ,SOME L>GE [N]S >E SEIZ$ ) A HUNG] = L& & ALSO DESIRE TO BE ADMIR$ AS LOCAL B5EFACTORS4 ,BUT ! DEV\R+ ( ! SURR\ND+ L& BY ! L>GE E/ATES IS H>DLY LESS DISA/R\S ?AN FIRE & O!R DEVA/ATIONS4 ,MOREOV]1 IT PRODUCES ! SAME 5D RESULT1 :I* IS ! RU9 NOT ONLY ( POPULATIONS BUT ALSO FREQU5TLY ( ! L& ITSELF4 ,9TELLIG5T L>GE L&HOLD]S CAN NO D\BT TRA9 EXCELL5T F>M H&S1 & !Y WILL C]TA9LY HAVE DOME/ICS ( IMPECCABLE CORRECTNESS4 ,BUT EV5 ASSUM+ ?AT ! PRODUCTIVE 9DU/RY 9ITIAT$ BY !M PROVIDES MORE ?AN 5\< LABOR = ! 5TIRE LOCAL POPULATION1 IS IT NOT 9EVITABLE ?AT !IR AU?ORIT>IAN & ABSOLUTI/ MANN] ( REGIM5T+ LABOR WILL CREATE SUBJECTS RA!R ?AN PRODUCE DIGNIFI$ EQUALS8 ,!Y MAKE EV]Y EF=T TO PRES]VE ! ESS5TIALLY MON>*ICAL *>ACT] ( SOCIETY4 ,MOREOV]1 !Y TRY TO RETURN TO ! PA/ BY DE/ROY+ ALL DEMOCRATIC ELEM5TS 9 !IR MILIEU 9 ORD] TO RECON/ITUTE A FEUDAL WORLD :]E P[] BELONGS TO ?OSE !Y DEEM TO BE ! MO/ DES]V+--?AT IS TO SAY1 TO !MSELVES4 ,& :E!R OR NOT !Y >E ! MO/ DES]V+1 !Y REMA9 ! MO/ PRIVILEG$4 ,ONE NE$ ONLY /UDY A MAP ( ,FRANCE TO V]IFY ! 9FLU5CE EX]T$ BY L>GE E/ATES4 ,AMONG ! REASONS ?AT C]TA9 CANTONS AUTOMATICALLY FALL 9TO ! H&S ( REACTION>Y REPRES5TATIVES & MA/]S1 :O >E BO? CL]ICALI/ & MILIT>I/1 NONE IS MORE CRUCIAL ?AN ! 9FLU5CE ( ! L>GE L&[N]S4 ,!Y HAVE NO NE$ TO TELL !IR FLUNKIES & F>M H&S H[ TO VOTE1 = !Y EASILY LEAD !M SO F> D[N ! PA? ( MORAL DEGRADATION ?AT !Y WILL+LY VOTE 9 FAVOR ( A REGIME ( OB$I5CE TO ! TRADITIONAL MA/]4 ,! SAME SPIRIT DET]M9ES ! VOT+ ( LACKEYS & TRADESM5 9 ! ELEGANT NEI<BORHOODS ( ! CITIES & 9 ! RESORTS4 

,FUR!RMORE1 IS IT NOT POSSIBLE ?AT IF ALL ITS EFFECTS >E CONSID]$1 L>GE [N]%IP ACTUALLY PRODUCES LESS MAT]IAL IMPROVEM5T ?AN DOES SMALL PROP]TY1 AS DIVID$ UP AS ! LATT] MAY BE8 ,IF1 TAK+ ! ECONOMY ( ,FRANCE AS A :OLE1 ONE W]E TO MAKE A DETAIL$ COMP>ISON ( ! NET PR(IT PRODUC$ BY L>GE E/ATES UND] 9DIVIDUAL MANAGEM5T & ! LOSSES TO ! COMMUNES RESULT+ FROM ! P>KS RES]V$ = ! PRIVILEG$ FEW1 ! HUNT+ GR\NDS1 & ! MOORS ?AT DISPLACE SMALL PROP]TY1 IT IS QUITE POSSIBLE ?AT1 ON BALANCE1 ! LOSSES W\LD BE GREAT]4 ,WE W\LD DISCOV] ?AT L>GE L& [N]%IP IS = MOD]N PEOPLES :AT IT WAS = ANCI5T ONES--A FATAL PLAGUE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 9ITIATIVE HAS EM]G$ NOT ONLY AMONG RI* AGRONOMI/S BUT ALSO--?\< ) LESS O/5TATION & ACCLAIM--9 SMALL HOLD+S AMONG TRUCK F>M]S1 HORTICULTURALI/S1 & SMALL F>M]S4 ,! POOR P]SON IS C]TA9LY A SLAVE TO R\T9E & RISKS HIS FEW P5NIES1 EAT5 AWAY BY TAXES & USURY1 ONLY ) EXTREME PRUD5CE4 ,BUT RISK !M HE DOES4 ,SOME KN[ H[ TO OBS]VE1 EXP]IM5T1 & LE>N1 SO ?AT OV] MANY G5]ATIONS & C5TURIES !Y C>RY \T EXP]IM5TS ( LONG-LA/+ VALUE4 ,! CASE IS CLE>3 ! L& ( ! AU/]E PEASANT TODAY YIELDS TWICE AS MU* AS IT DID :5 ,Y\NG TRAVEL$ ?R\< ! PROV9CES ( ,FRANCE & NOT$ ITS DI%E>T5+ POV]TY4.<#d#h#i.> ,ONLY ?R\< PRIVATE 9ITIATIVE CAN !RE BE PROGRESS1 BUT ! UNION ( =CES ?AT 5JOYS ALL ! ADVANTAGES ( L>GE & SMALL [N]%IP HAS H>DLY BEGUN TO APPE>4 ,!RE >E ONLY SIGNS ( ITS COM+4 

,9 CONSID]+ ! CONSEQU5CES ( L>GE PROP]TY [N]%IP1 WE MU/ NOT =GET ! OB/ACLES ?AT IT PLACES 9 ! WAY ( FREE MOVEM5T :5 ! SURR\ND+ POPULATIONS DO NOT KN[ H[ TO BYPASS RE/RICTIONS4 ,9 ,GREAT ,BRITA91 ! 0RI<T ( WAY0 ISSUE EXCITES LOCAL OP9ION 9 TW5TY DIFF]5T PLACES AT ANY GIV5 TIME4 ,! 9HABITANTS F9D !MSELVES CUT (F FROM ! OLD ROADS1 ONE AFT] ! O!R4 ,PITY ! COMMUNITIES ?AT APPEAL TO A C\RT ( LAW IF !Y LACK 9DISPUTABLE TITLES6 ,9 MANY DI/RICTS 9 ,SCOTL&1 L&LORDS HAVE =BIDD5 BY LAW ALL ACCESS TO ! M\NTA9S1 & P$E/RIANS >E R$UC$ TO US+ ! SAME ROADWAY AT ! BOTTOM ( ! VALLEY AS DO BICYCLES & AUTOMOBILES4 ,! MAPS ( ! ,ORDNANCE ,SURVEY EV5 CAUTION ?AT 0! EXI/5CE ( A ROAD ON A MAP DOES NOT IMPLY ! RI<T TO USE IT40 ,& WOE TO ! TRAVEL] :O TAKES IT UPON HIMSELF TO 5T] ! UND]BRU% OR TO PASS ?R\< A FALL[ FIELD6 ,! LA/ TOLLGATES >E N[ DISAPPE>+--AS REC5TLY AS #a#h#i#c1 #f1 FRANCS W]E PAID = ! REMOVAL ( A TURNPIKE ?AT PREV5T$ LIVE/OCK FROM HAV+ FREE ACCESS TO ,G[] ,/REET 9 ,LONDON 7! EQUIVAL5T ( ,RUE ,B]G]E 9 ,P>IS72 H[EV]1 NUM]\S NEW PROHIBITIVE B>RI]S HAVE REPLAC$ !SE OLD TOLLGATES4 ,! USUAL EXCUSE GIV5 BY ! L&[N]S = CLOS+ ! ROADS ?AT CROSS !IR E/ATE IS ! PRES]VATION ( GAME1 SO POA*+ BECOMES AN 9EVITABLE COROLL>Y ( L>GE L&HOLD+S4 ,!RE IS A />K CONTRA/ BETWE5 ! HUNT+ TROPHIES ON :I* ! LEGALLY AU?ORIZ$ HUNT] PRIDES HIMSELF & ! SLAU<T] COMMITT$ BY HIS NOCTURNAL C\NT]P>T AS WELL AS ! FI%+ BY DYNAMITE1 :I* DEPOPULATES A RIV] 9 A FEW H\RS4 ,MOREOV]1 ! LEGAL CONSEQU5CES >E F> FROM ! SAME = !SE TWO SORTS ( HUNT]S4 ,MANHUNT+ IS P]MITT$ 9 PRACTICE TO ! PROP]TY [N] & HIS GU>DS4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ONE CANNOT BEG9 TO E/IMATE H[ MANY DUR+ ! N9ETE5? C5TURY HAVE SP5T YE>S 9 PRISON OR AT H>D LABOR1 OR HAVE EV5 GONE TO ! SCAFFOLD1 AS A RESULT ( HUNT+ ! RABBIT & ! 0SACR$ BIRD40 

,/ATESM5 & ECONOMI/S >E (T5 9T]E/$ 9 5C\RAG+ SMALL PROP]TY [N]%IP4 ,9 ,D5M>K1 NOTABLY1 EV]Y OPPORTUNITY IS (F]$ = ! EASY ACQUISITION ( PROP]TY ( LESS ?AN F\R HECT>ES4 ,ANO!R EXAMPLE ?AT COMES TO M9D IS ! HOME/EAD EXEMPTION F\ND 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 :I* A SMALL >EA ( L& P] FAMILY AS WELL AS ! H\SE ?AT ! FAMILY OCCUPIES >E DECL>$ NONTRANSF]ABLE & UNSEIZABLE1 ) CONDITIONS ?AT V>Y SOME:AT FROM /ATE TO /ATE4 ,BUT IT IS OBVI\S ?AT SU* A SY/EM MU/ REMA9 LIMIT$ TO A SMALL SEGM5T ( ! POPULATION4 ,O!RWISE1 IF EA* PRODUC] HAD ACCESS TO ! SOIL1 HIS 9DEP5D5CE W\LD BE ASSUR$1 & ! CURR5T CONCEPTION ( SOCIETY W\LD BE %AK5 TO ITS V]Y F\NDATION4 ,ALSO1 ONE CAN BE SURE ?AT NO?+ LIKE ?IS WILL EV] BECOME LAW 9 ,FRANCE1 UNLESS RE/RICTIONS >E IMPOS$ TO MAKE ! EFFECTS ILLUSORY4 ,AMONG ,EUROPEAN PEOPLES1 ! ,ICEL&]S >E ALONE 9 TAK+ PRECAUTIONS AGA9/ ! MONOPOLIZATION ( L&4 ,S9CE #a#h#h#d1 ! PROP]TY [N] :O DOES NOT CULTIVATE ! L& HIMSELF HAS BE5 OBLIG$ TO R5T IT TO ANO!R4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #af -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #af -- ,UPDAT$4 

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