,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #ab 
,EVOLUTION1 ,REVOLUTION1 & ! ,AN>*I/ ,IDEAL 7#a#h#i#h7 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ELISEE ,RECLUS 

,TEXT 3 

#a#b3 ,EVOLUTION1 ,REVOLUTION1 & ! ,AN>*I/ ,IDEAL 7#a#h#i#h7 

  

,ON ,FEBRU>Y #e1 #a#h#h1 ,RECLUS DELIV]$ AN ADDRESS 9 ,G5EVA 5TITL$ 0,EVOLUTION ET ,REVOLUTION40 ,IT WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! J\RNAL ,LE ,REVOLTE UND] ?AT TITLE 7,FEBRU>Y #b#a1 #a#h#h73 #a-#b1 & !N WAS REPR9T$ AS A PAMPHLET & TRANSLAT$ MANY TIMES4 ,RECLUS F9ALLY EXP&$ ! DISCUSSION 9TO A BOOK 5TITL$ ,L',EVOLUTION1 LA REVOLUTION ET L'IDEAL AN>*IQUE 7,P>IS3 ,/OCK1 #a#h#i#h2 ,MONTREAL3 ,LUX ,$ITIONS1 #b#d71 HIS ONLY FULL-L5G? WORK ON AN>*I/ POLITICS4 ,! FOLL[+ TEXT CONSI/S ( EXC]PTS CONTA9+ ! MO/ IMPORTANT DISCUSSIONS 9 ?AT WORK2 IT 9CLUDES AB\T ONEF\R? ( ! ORIG9AL TEXT4 

,EVOLUTION 5COMPASSES ! 5TIRETY ( HUMAN AFFAIRS4 ,WE \<T TO RECOGNIZE ?AT REVOLUTION DOES ALSO1 EV5 ?\< ?IS P>ALLELISM IS NOT ALWAYS EVID5T FROM ! 9DIVIDUAL EV5TS ?AT MAKE UP ! :OLE ( ! LIFE ( SOCIETIES4 ,ALL ADVANCEM5TS >E 9T]DEP5D5T1 & 9 PROPORTION TO \R KN[L$GE & P[]1 WE DESIRE !M ALL--SOCIAL & POLITICAL PROGRESS1 MORAL & MAT]IAL PROGRESS1 & PROGRESS 9 SCI5CE1 >T1 & 9DU/RY4 ,9 EV]Y SPH]E WE >E NOT ONLY EVOLUTIONI/S1 BUT JU/ AS MU* REVOLUTIONI/S1 S9CE WE REALIZE ?AT HI/ORY ITSELF IS BUT A S]IES ( A*IEVEM5TS ?AT FOLL[S A S]IES ( PREP>ATIONS4 ,! GREAT 9TELLECTUAL EVOLUTION ?AT EMANCIPATES M9DS HAS A LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE 9 ! EMANCIPATION ( 9DIVIDUALS 9 ALL ( !IR RELATION%IPS ) O!R 9DIVIDUALS4 

,IT CAN ?US BE SAID ?AT EVOLUTION & REVOLUTION >E TWO SUCCESSIVE ASPECTS ( ! SAME PH5OM5ON1 EVOLUTION PREC$+ REVOLUTION1 & REVOLUTION PREC$+ A NEW EVOLUTION1 :I* IS 9 TURN ! MO!R ( FUTURE REVOLUTIONS4 ,CAN ANY *ANGE TAKE PLACE )\T PRODUC+ SUDD5 %IFTS 9 ! BALANCE ( LIFE8 ,DOES REVOLUTION NOT 9EVITABLY FOLL[ EVOLUTION 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT AN ACT FOLL[S ! WILL TO ACT8 ,! TWO DIFF] ONLY 9 ! TIME ( !IR APPE>ANCE4 ,:5 A MASS ( FALL5 DEBRIS OB/RUCTS A RIV]1 ! WAT]S GRADUALLY ACCUMULATE ABOVE ! IMP$IM5T1 & A LAKE IS =M$ ?R\< SL[ EVOLUTION4 ,!N SUDD5LY ! D[N-RIV] DAM BEG9S TO LEAK1 & ! FALL ( A PEBBLE PRECIPITATES A CATACLYSM4 ,! OB/RUCTION IS VIOL5TLY SWEPT AWAY1 & ! EMPTI$ LAKE ONCE AGA9 BECOMES A RIV]4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 A SMALL T]RE/RIAL REVOLUTION TAKES PLACE4 

,IF REVOLUTION ALWAYS LAGS BEH9D EVOLUTION1 IT IS BECAUSE ( ! RESI/ANCE ( ! 5VIRONM5T3 ! WAT] 9 A /REAM SPLA%ES BETWE5 ITS BANKS BECAUSE !Y H9D] ITS FL[2 ?UND] RUMBLES 9 ! SKY BECAUSE ! ATMOSPH]E RESI/S ! ELECTRICAL *>GE ?AT FLA%ES D[N FROM ! CL\D4 ,EA* TRANS=MATION ( MATT] & EA* REALIZATION ( AN IDEA IS1 DUR+ ITS ACTUAL PROCESS ( *ANGE1 ?W>T$ BY ! 9]TIA ( ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,A NEW PH5OM5ON CAN ?US COME 9TO BE+ ONLY ?R\< AN EF=T ?AT IS MORE VIOL5T1 OR A =CE ?AT IS MORE P[]FUL1 ?AN ! RESI/ANCE4 ,H]D]1 SPEAK+ ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 EXPRESS$ ?IS IDEA3 0,A SE$ FALLS TO ! GR\ND1 & = A LONG TIME IT SEEMS TO BE DEAD4 ,!N SUDD5LY IT SPR\TS1 DISPLACES ! H>D SOIL ?AT HAD COV]$ IT1 VIOL5TLY PU%ES AWAY ITS 5EMY1 ! CLAY1 & ?US BECOMES A FL[]+ PLANT ?AT BE>S FRUIT40 ,& CONSID] H[ A *ILD IS BORN3 AFT] SP5D+ N9E MON?S 9 ! D>KNESS ( ! WOMB1 IT ALSO ESCAPES VIOL5TLY1 TE>+ ITS RECEPTACLE & SOMETIMES EV5 KILL+ ITS MO!R4 ,SU* >E REVOLUTIONS--NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CES ( ! EVOLUTIONS ?AT PREC$$ !M4 

,H[EV]1 REVOLUTIONS DO NOT NECESS>ILY CON/ITUTE PROGRESS1 JU/ AS EVOLUTIONS >E NOT ALWAYS DIRECT$ T[>D JU/ICE4 ,EV]Y?+ *ANGES2 EV]Y?+ 9 NATURE MOVES AS P>T ( AN ET]NAL MOVEM5T4 ,BUT :]E !RE IS PROGRESS1 !RE CAN ALSO BE REGRESSION1 & IF SOME EVOLUTIONS T5D T[>D ! GR[? ( LIFE1 !RE >E O!RS ?AT 9CL9E T[>D DEA?4 ,TO /OP IS IMPOSSIBLE1 & IT IS NECESS>Y TO MOVE 9 ONE DIRECTION OR ANO!R4 ,! H>D5$ REACTION>Y & ! G5TLE LIB]AL1 BO? ( :OM CRY \T 9 FRI<T AT ! WORD 0REVOLUTION10 NEV]!LESS M>* ONW>D T[>D A REVOLUTION--! LA/ ONE1 :I* IS ET]NAL RE/4 ,DISEASE1 S5ILITY1 & GANGR5E >E EVOLUTIONS JU/ AS MU* AS PUB]TY IS4 ,! APPE>ANCE ( WORMS 9 A CORPSE1 LIKE ! FIR/ CRY ( AN 9FANT1 9DICATES ?AT A REVOLUTION HAS OCCURR$4 ,PHYSIOLOGY & HI/ORY DEMON/RATE ?AT SOME EVOLUTIONS 9DICATE DECL9E1 & C]TA9 REVOLUTIONS MEAN DEA?4 

,WE KN[ HUMAN HI/ORY ONLY P>TIALLY1 BAS$ ON ! EXP]I5CE ( BUT A FEW ?\S& YE>S1 YET IT (F]S 5DLESS EXAMPLES ( TRIBES1 PEOPLES1 CITIES1 & EMPIRES ?AT HAVE P]I%$ MIS]ABLY AS A CONSEQU5CE ( SL[ EVOLUTIONS ?AT L$ TO !IR D[NFALL4 ,! FACTORS ?AT BR\<T AB\T !SE MALADIES ( 5TIRE NATIONS & RACES HAVE BE5 MANIFOLD & DIV]SE4 ,CLIMATE & SOIL CAN DET]IORATE1 AS HAS C]TA9LY HAPP5$ OV] VA/ /RET*ES ( ,C5TRAL ,ASIA :]E LAKES & RIV]S HAVE DRI$ UP & SALT DEPOSITS HAVE RECLAIM$ PREVI\SLY F]TILE L&S4 ,9VASIONS ( 5EMY HORDES DEVA/AT$ C]TA9 REGIONS TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT !Y HAVE REMA9$ =EV] DESOLATE2 H[EV]1 MANY NATIONS W]E ABLE TO FL\RI% AGA9 FOLL[+ CONQUE/S & MASSACRES1 EV5 AFT] C5TURIES ( OPPRESSION4 ,?US IF A NATION FALLS AGA9 9TO B>B>ISM OR COMPLETELY DIES \T1 ONE MU/ SEEK ! REASONS = ITS REGRESSION & RU91 ABOVE ALL )9 ! NATION ITSELF & 9 ITS ESS5TIAL CON/ITUTION1 RA!R ?AN 9 EXT]NAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,!RE IS A FUNDAM5TAL CAUSE--9DE$1 ! CAUSE ( ALL CAUSES--?AT EPITOMIZES ! HI/ORY ( DECL9E4 ,IT IS ! E/ABLI%M5T ( MA/]Y ( ONE P>T ( SOCIETY OV] ANO!R1 & ! MONOPOLIZ+ ( L&1 CAPITAL1 P[]1 $UCATION1 & HONORS BY A FEW OR BY AN >I/OCRACY4 ,AS SOON AS ! DULL MASSES NO LONG] HAVE ! DRIVE TO REVOLT AGA9/ ?IS MONOPOLY BY A SMALL NUMB] ( M51 !Y >E AS GOOD AS DEAD1 & !IR DISAPPE>ANCE IS BUT A MATT] ( TIME4 ,! BLACK PLAGUE WILL SOON COME TO F9I% (F SU* A USELESS SW>M ( 9DIVIDUALS )\T LIB]TY4 ,SLAU<T]+ 9VAD]S *>GE FROM EA/ & WE/1 & ! DES]T MOVES 9 TO REPLACE IMM5SE CITIES4 ,?US ,ASSYRIA & ,EGYPT DI$ & ,P]SIA COLLAPS$1 & :5 ! :OLE ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE BELONG$ TO A FEW GREAT L&[N]S1 ! B>B>IANS SOON REPLAC$ ! 5SLAV$ PROLET>IAT4 

,EV]Y EV5T IS TWO-SID$1 = IT IS AT ONCE A PH5OM5ON ( DEA? & A PH5OM5ON ( REVIVAL2 9 O!R WORDS1 IT IS ! RESULT ( EVOLUTION T[>D DECAY & ALSO T[>D PROGRESS4 ,?US ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE'S DE/RUCTION1 9 ITS IMM5SE COMPLEXITY1 CONSI/$ ( A :OLE SET ( REVOLUTIONS CORRESPOND+ TO A S]IES ( EVOLUTIONS1 SOME ( :I* W]E DISA/R\S & O!RS =TUNATE4 ,! DE/RUCTION ( ! =MIDABLE MA*9E ( SUPPRESSION ?AT HAD WEI<$ HEAVILY ON ! WORLD WAS C]TA9LY A GREAT RELIEF = ! OPPRESS$1 & ! VIOL5T >RIVAL ( ! PEOPLES FROM ! NOR? TO ! WORLD ( CIVILIZATION WAS ALSO 9 MANY RESPECTS A =TUNATE /AGE 9 ! HI/ORY ( HUMANITY4 ,DUR+ ! UPHEAVAL1 MANY ( ! 5SLAV$ REGA9$ A SMALL AM\NT ( LIB]TY AT ! EXP5SE ( !IR MA/]S2 H[EV]1 SCI5CE & 9DU/RY P]I%$ OR W5T 9TO HID+4 ,/ATUES W]E SMA%$ & LIBR>IES W]E BURN$4 ,IT SEEMS AS ?\< ! *A9 ( TIME HAD BROK51 SO TO SPEAK4 ,! PEOPLE AB&ON$ !IR H]ITAGE ( KN[L$GE4 ,DESPOTISM WAS FOLL[$ BY A WORSE DESPOTISM1 & FROM A DEAD RELIGION GREW ! (F%OOTS ( A NEW ONE ?AT WAS MORE AU?ORIT>IAN1 CRUEL1 & FANATICAL4 ,= A ?\S& YE>S1 ! D>KNESS ( IGNORANCE & FOLLY PROPAGAT$ BY MONKS SPREAD ACROSS ! E>?4 

,S9CE EV]Y EV5T & EV]Y P]IOD ( HI/ORY PRES5TS A D\BLE ASPECT1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO JUDGE ANY ( !M CATEGORICALLY4 ,! V]Y EXAMPLE ( ! R5EWAL ?AT BR\<T ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES & ! NI<T ( IGNORANCE TO A CLOSE %[S US H[ TWO REVOLUTIONS CAN SIMULTANE\SLY BE C>RI$ \T--ONE RESULT+ 9 DECL9E1 & ! O!R 9 PROGRESS4 ,! ,R5AISSANCE1 :I* R$ISCOV]$ ! MONUM5TS ( ANTIQUITY1 DECIPH]$ ITS BOOKS & TEA*+S1 FRE$ SCI5CE FROM SUP]/ITI\S ME?ODS1 & ONCE AGA9 5GAG$ M5 9 OBJECTIVE /UDIES1 ALSO RESULT$ 9 ! DEF9ITIVE 5D ( ! SPONTANE\S >TI/IC MOVEM5T ?AT HAD DEVELOP$ SO SPL5DIDLY DUR+ ! P]IOD ( FREE CITIES & COMMUNES4 ,IT CAME AS SUDD5LY AS ! OV]FL[+ ( A RIV] ?AT RAVAGES ! NEI<BOR+ F>M L&S4 ,EV]Y?+ HAD TO />T OV]1 & (T51 BANAL IMITATIONS ( ! ANCI5T REPLAC$ WORKS ?AT AT LEA/ HAD ! M]IT ( BE+ ORIG9AL6 

,! R5AISSANCE ( SCI5CE & >T WAS ACCOMPANI$ 9 ! RELIGI\S WORLD BY ! SPLIT )9 ,*RI/IANITY CALL$ ! ,RE=MATION4 ,= A LONG TIME1 IT SEEM$ NATURAL TO VIEW ?IS REVOLUTION AS ONE ( ! B5EFICIAL TURN+ PO9TS ( HUMANITY1 EPITOMIZ$ BY ! CONQUE/ ( ! RI<T ( 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE & ! EMANCIPATION ( ! M9D1 :I* ! PRIE/S HAD KEPT 9 S]VILE IGNORANCE4 ,IT WAS BELIEV$ ?AT H5CE=?1 M5 W\LD BE !IR [N MA/]S1 EA* EQUAL ?R\< ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ?\<T4 ,BUT WE N[ KN[ ?AT ! ,RE=MATION ALSO MEANT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( O!R AU?ORIT>IAN *UR*ES 9 OPPOSITION TO ! ONE ?AT HAD HI!RTO HELD ! MONOPOLY ON 9TELLECTUAL 5SLAVEM5T4 ,! ,RE=MATION %IFT$ =TUNES & PREB5DS TO B5EFIT ! NEW P[]1 & RELIGI\S ORD]S EM]G$ FROM BO? SIDES--,JESUITS & C\NT]-,JESUITS--TO EXPLOIT ! PEOPLE 9 NEW WAYS4 ,LU!R & ,CALV9 SPOKE ( ?OSE :O DID NOT %>E !IR VIEWS ) ! SAME LANGUAGE ( FI]CE 9TOL]ANCE AS SU* FIGURES AS ,/4 ,DOM9IC & ,9NOC5T ,I,I,I4 ,LIKE ! ,9QUISITION1 !Y SPI$1 IMPRISON$1 QU>T]$1 & BURN$1 & 9 PR9CIPLE1 !IR DOCTR9E IMPLI$ EQUAL OB$I5CE TO K+S & TO ! 9T]PRET]S ( ! 0,DIV9E ,WORD40 

,!RE IS (T5 A MO/ %OCK+ DISP>ITY BETWE5 ! REVOLUTION>Y CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT ACCOMPANY ! EM]G5CE ( AN 9/ITUTION & ! MANN] 9 :I* IT FUNCTIONS1 :I* IS COMPLETELY OPPOS$ TO ! IDEALS ( ITS NAIVE F\ND]S4 ,AT ITS BIR?1 !RE MAY BE CRIES ( 0,LIB]TY6 ,LIB]TY60 & ! HYMN 0,W> AGA9/ ! ,TYRANTS0 MAY RES\ND 9 ! /REETS2 H[EV]1 0TYRANTS0 /ILL MANAGE TO COME 9TO !IR MID/ AS ! DIRECT RESULT ( ! R\T9E1 ! HI]>*Y1 & ! SPIRIT ( REGRESSION ?AT GRADUALLY 5CROA* ON EV]Y 9/ITUTION4 ,! LONG] ANY 9/ITUTION P]SI/S1 ! MORE =MIDABLE IT BECOMES1 = IT F9ALLY ROTS ! V]Y SOIL ON :I* IT /&S & POLLUTES ! ATMOSPH]E >\ND IT4 ,! MI/AKES ?AT IT SANCTIONS1 & ! P]V]SION ( IDEAS & FEEL+S ?AT IT JU/IFIES & PROMOTES1 TAKE ON SU* A *>ACT] ( ANTIQUITY & EV5 SANCTITY ?AT R>ELY DOES ANYONE D>E TO *ALL5GE IT4 ,ITS AU?ORITY GR[S ) EA* PASS+ C5TURY1 & IF IT NEV]!LESS DIES \T 9 ! 5D1 AS DO ALL ?+S1 IT IS BECAUSE IT F9DS ITSELF 9CREAS+LY AT ODDS ) ! TOTALITY ( NEW DEVELOPM5TS EM]G+ >\ND IT4 

,SOME 9/ITUTIONS1 SU* AS ?OSE ( RELIGI\S CRE$S1 HAVE GA9$ SU* A P[]FUL HOLD OV] ! S\L ?AT MANY FREE-?9K+ HI/ORIANS HAVE ?\<T IT IMPOSSIBLE = M5 TO LIB]ATE !MSELVES FROM !M4 ,9DE$1 ! POPUL> IMAGE ( ,GOD SITT+ ON HIS ?RONE 9 ,HEAV5 IS NOT ONE ?AT IS EASY TO OV]COME4 ,9 ! LOGICAL ORD] ( HUMAN DEVELOPM5T1 RELIGI\S ORGANIZATION FOLL[$ ! POLITICAL ONE1 & PRIE/S CAME AFT] *IEFS1 S9CE EV]Y IMAGE PRESUPPOSES A PRIMORDIAL REALITY2 H[EV]1 ! RELIGI\S ILLUSION WAS PLAC$ AT ! L(TIE/ HEI<T 9 ORD] TO MAKE IT ! ORIG9AL JU/IFICATION = ALL E>?LY AU?ORITY1 & IT WAS ?US 5D[$ ) A MAJE/IC *>ACT] P> EXCELL5CE4 ,ONE SPOKE TO ! SOV]EIGN & MY/]I\S P[]1 ! 0,UNKN[N ,GOD10 9 A /ATE ( FE> & TREMBL+ ?AT SUPPRESS$ ALL ?\<T & ALL 9CL9ATION T[>D CRITICAL ANALYSIS OR P]SONAL JUDGM5T4 ,ADORATION WAS ! ONLY FEEL+ ?AT PRIE/S ALL[$ !IR FAI?FUL4 

,ACCORD+ TO SOCIAL PSY*OLOGY1 WE MU/ MI/RU/ NOT ONLY ! P[] ?AT IS ALREADY E/ABLI%$1 BUT ALSO ?AT :I* IS EM]G+4 ,IT IS EQUALLY IMPORTANT TO EXAM9E C>EFULLY ! PRACTICAL MEAN+ ( SU* SEEM+LY 9NOCU\S OR EV5 S$UCTIVE WORDS AS 0PATRIOTISM10 0ORD]10 & 0SOCIAL PEACE40 ,! LOVE ( ONE'S NATIVE SOIL IS1 )\T D\BT1 A V]Y NATURAL & AGREEABLE S5TIM5T4 ,IT IS DELI<TFUL = AN EXILE TO HE> HIS *]I%$ MAT]NAL LANGUAGE & ONCE MORE TO SEE PLACES ?AT REM9D HIM ( HIS BIR?PLACE4 ,& SU* LOVE IS NOT LIMIT$ TO ! L& ?AT N\RI%$ HIM & ! LANGUAGE ?AT HE HE>D 9 ! CRADLE1 BUT ALSO EXT5DS1 ?R\< A NATURAL IMPULSE1 TO ! SONS ( ?AT SAME L&1 ) :OM HE %>ES IDEAS1 FEEL+S1 & CU/OMS4 ,IF HE HAS A NOBLE NATURE1 HE WILL F9ALLY BECOME F]V5TLY ATTA*$1 ) A PASSIONATE SOLID>ITY1 TO ?OSE :OSE NE$S & WAYS HE KN[S 9TIMATELY4 ,IF ?IS IS 0PATRIOTISM10 :AT MAN ( HE>T C\LD HELP BUT FEEL IT8 ,BUT ! WORD ALMO/ ALWAYS HIDES A MEAN+ QUITE DIFF]5T FROM M]E 0LOVE = ! L& ( ONE'S =EFA!RS40 

,IT IS A /RANGE CONTRADICTION ?AT ONE'S NATIVE L& HAS NEV] BE5 SPOK5 ( ) SU* BURN+ AFFECTION AS IT HAS S9CE IT BEGAN TO DISAPPE> GRADUALLY 9TO ! GREAT T]RE/RIAL HOMEL& ( HUMANITY4 ,FLAGS >E SE5 EV]Y:]E1 ESPECIALLY AT ! DOORS ( CAB>ETS & H\SES ( ILL REPUTE4 ,! 0RUL+ CLASSES0 9CESSANTLY BOA/ ( !IR PATRIOTISM1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME 9VE/+ !IR ASSETS ABROAD & TRAD+ ILLICITLY ) ,VI5NA OR ,B]L9 9 :ATEV] WILL BR+ !M MONEY--9CLUD+ /ATE SECRETS4 ,EV5 S*OL>S1 =GETFUL ( HAV+ ONCE CON/ITUT$ AN 9T]NATIONAL REPUBLIC ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 SPEAK ( 0,FR5* SCI5CE10 0,G]MAN SCI5CE10 OR 0,ITALIAN SCI5CE10 AS IF IT W]E POSSIBLE TO CONF9E ! KN[L$GE ( FACTS & ! DISSEM9ATION ( IDEAS )9 BORD]S1 UND] POLICE PROTECTION4 ,!Y PRACTICE PROTECTIONISM NOT ONLY = TURNIPS & COTTON CLO?1 BUT ALSO = ! PRODUCTS ( ! M9D4 ,BUT TO ! DEGREE ?AT ! M9DS ( ! P[]FUL BECOME N>R[]1 ?OSE ( ORD9>Y PEOPLE >E EXP&$4 ,M5 9 HI< POSITIONS SEE !IR DOMA9 & !IR HOPES DIM9I%$ TO ! EXT5T ?AT WE REBELS TAKE POSSESSION ( ! UNIV]SE & 5L>GE \R HE>TS4 ,WE ?9K ( \RSELVES AS COMRADES ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 FROM ,AM]ICA TO ,EUROPE & FROM ,EUROPE TO ,AU/RALIA4 ,WE USE ! SAME LANGUAGE TO ASS]T ! SAME 9T]E/S1 & ! DAY IS COM+ :5 WE WILL 9 A SPONTANE\S IMPULSE ADOPT ! SAME TACTICS & A S+LE RALLY+ CRY4 ,\R >MY AWAK5S 9 ALL CORN]S ( ! WORLD4 

,9 COMP>ISON TO ?IS GLOBAL MOVEM5T1 :AT IS COMMONLY CALL$ PATRIOTISM IS NO?+ BUT A REGRESSION 9 EV]Y RESPECT4 ,ONE W\LD HAVE TO BE EXTREMELY NAIVE TO BE UNAW>E ( ! FACT ?AT ! 0CATE*ISMS ( CITIZ5%IP0 PREA* ! LOVE ( HOMEL& 9 ORD] TO S]VE ALL ! 9T]E/S & PRIVILEGES ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 & ?AT = ! B5EFIT ( ?IS CLASS !Y PROMOTE HATR$ BETWE5 ! WEAK & DIS9H]IT$ ( V>I\S C\NTRIES4 ,! T]M 0PATRIOTISM0 & ALL ! MOD]N GLOSSES ON IT DISGUISE ! AGE-OLD PRACTICES ( S]VILE OB$I5CE TO ! WILL ( A LEAD] & ! COMPLETE ABDICATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! FACE ( ?OSE :O HOLD P[] & WIELD ! 5TIRE NATION LIKE A BL9D =CE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! WORDS 0ORD]0 & 0SOCIAL PEACE0 S\ND QUITE BEAUTIFUL TO \R E>S1 BUT WE W\LD LIKE TO KN[ :AT ?OSE NOBLE APO/LES1 ! RUL]S1 MEAN BY !SE WORDS4 ,YES1 PEACE & ORD] >E GREAT IDEALS ?AT DES]VE TO BE REALIZ$1 BUT UND] ONE CONDITION3 ?AT ?IS PEACE IS NOT ?AT ( ! GRAVE1 & ?IS ORD] IS NOT ?AT ( ,W>SAW6.<#d#c#h.> ,\R FUTURE PEACE MU/ >ISE NOT FROM ! UNQUE/ION$ DOM9ATION BY SOME & ! HOPELESS 5SLAVEM5T ( O!RS1 BUT FROM GOOD1 /RAI<T=W>D EQUALITY AMONG FRI5DS4 

,AL?\< ! CURR5T /ATE ( AFFAIRS IS ATROCI\S1 AN IMM5SE EVOLUTION HAS TAK5 PLACE1 GIV+ PROMISE ( ! NEXT REVOLUTION4 ,?IS EVOLUTION CONSI/S 9 ! FACT ?AT ! 0SCI5CE0 ( ECONOMICS1 :I* PROPHESI$ SC>CITY ( RES\RCES & ! 9EVITABLE DEA? ( ! />V+ MASSES1 HAS BE5 PROV5 WRONG1 & ?AT MOREOV]1 A SUFF]+ HUMANITY1 BELIEV+ ITSELF TO BE POOR ONLY A %ORT TIME AGO1 HAS DISCOV]$ ITS WEAL?4 ,?US ITS IDEAL ( 0BREAD = ALL0 HAS BE5 F\ND TO BE NO M]E UTOPIA4 ,! E>? IS VA/ 5\< TO N\RI% US ALL & RI* 5\< TO SUPPORT US COM=TABLY4 ,IT CAN PROVIDE 5\< CROPS = ALL TO HAVE FOOD1 IT PRODUCES 5\< FIBR\S PLANTS = ALL TO HAVE CLO?+1 & IT CONTA9S 5\< /ONES & CLAY = ALL TO HAVE H\SES4 ,?IS IS ECONOMIC REALITY 9 ALL ITS SIMPLICITY4 ,NOT ONLY IS ?AT :I* ! E>? PRODUCES ADEQUATE = ! CONSUMPTION ( ITS PRES5T 9HABITANTS1 BUT IT W\LD ALSO BE 5\< IF CONSUMPTION W]E SUDD5LY TO D\BLE4 ,?IS W\LD BE ! CASE EV5 IF SCI5CE DID NOT 9T]V5E TO ADVANCE AGRICULTURE BEYOND ITS EMPIRICAL ME?ODS BY PLAC+ AT ITS DISPOSAL ALL ( ! RES\RCES N[ AVAILABLE FROM *EMI/RY1 PHYSICS1 METEOROLOGY1 & ME*ANICS4 ,9 ! GREAT FAMILY ( HUMANITY1 HUNG] IS NOT ONLY ! RESULT ( A COLLECTIVE CRIME1 IT IS MOREOV] AN ABSURDITY1 S9CE PRODUCTION IS MORE ?AN D\BLE :AT IS NE$$ = CONSUMPTION4 

,& :AT ( FRE$OM ( SPEE* & FRE$OM ( ACTION8 ,>E !Y NOT DIRECT & LOGICAL CONSEQU5CES ( FRE$OM ( ?\<T8 ,SPEE* IS BUT ?\<T BECOME AUDIBLE4 ,ACTION IS BUT ?\<T BECOME VISIBLE4 ,\R IDEAL ?US 5TAILS = EA* MAN ! COMPLETE & ABSOLUTE LIB]TY TO EXPRESS HIS ?\<TS 9 EV]Y >EA1 9CLUD+ SCI5CE1 POLITICS1 & MORALS1 )\T ANY CONDITION O!R ?AN HIS RESPECT = O!RS4 ,IT ALSO 5TAILS ! RI<T ( EA* TO DO AS HE PLEASES :ILE NATURALLY JO9+ HIS WILL ) ?OSE ( O!RS 9 ALL COLLECTIVE 5DEAVORS4 ,HIS [N FRE$OM IS 9 NO WAY LIMIT$ BY ?IS UNION1 BUT RA!R EXP&S1 ?ANKS TO ! /R5G? ( ! COMMON WILL4 

,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ?IS ABSOLUTE FRE$OM ( ?\<T1 SPEE*1 & ACTION IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! MA9T5ANCE ( 9/ITUTIONS ?AT RE/RICT FREE ?\<T1 RIGIDIFY SPEE* 9 ! =M ( A F9AL & IRREVOCABLE V[1 & EV5 DICTATE ?AT ! WORK] FOLD HIS >MS & DIE ( HUNG] AT ! [N]'S COMM&4.<#d#c#i.> ,CONS]VATIVES >E BY NO MEANS WRONG :5 !Y G5]ALIZE ?AT REVOLUTION>IES >E 05EMIES ( RELIGION1 FAMILY1 & PROP]TY40 ,YES1 AN>*I/S REJECT ! AU?ORITY ( DOGMA & ! 9TRUSION ( ! SUP]NATURAL 9TO \R LIVES4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 :ATEV] F]VOR !Y MAY BR+ 9TO ! /RUGGLE = !IR IDEALS ( FRAT]NITY & SOLID>ITY1 !Y >E 5EMIES ( RELIGION4 ,YES1 !Y WANT TO ABOLI% MATRIMONIAL TRAFFICK+ & 9/EAD DESIRE FREE UNIONS BAS$ ONLY ON MUTUAL AFFECTION1 SELF-RESPECT1 & ! DIGNITY ( O!RS4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 AS LOV+ & DEVOT$ AS !Y >E TO ?OSE :OSE LIVES >E JO9$ ) !IRS1 !Y >E 9DE$ 5EMIES ( ! FAMILY4 ,YES1 !Y WANT TO ABOLI% ! MONOPOLIZ+ ( ! E>? & ITS PRODUCTS 9 ORD] TO DI/RIBUTE !M TO EV]YONE4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ! HAPP9ESS !Y W\LD HAVE 9 GU>ANTEE+ TO EV]YONE ! 5JOYM5T ( ! FRUITS ( ! E>? MAKES !M 5EMIES ( PROP]TY4 ,C]TA9LY1 WE LOVE PEACE1 & \R IDEAL IS H>MONY AMONG ALL M54 ,YET W> RAGES >\ND US4 ,IT APPE>S BE=E US 9 ! DI/ANCE AS A SAD PROSPECT1 = 9 ! IMM5SE COMPLEXITY ( HUMAN AFFAIRS1 ! M>* T[>D PEACE IS ITSELF ACCOMPANI$ BY /RUGGLES4 0,MY K+DOM IS NOT ( ?IS WORLD10 SAID ! ,SON ( ,MAN4 ,/ILL1 HE ALSO 0BR\<T A SWORD10 CREAT+ 0! DIVISION BETWE5 SON & FA!R1 & BETWE5 DAU<T] & MO!R40 ,EV]Y CAUSE1 EV5 ! WOR/1 HAS ITS DEF5D]S1 & EV5 ?\< ! REVOLUTION>Y LOVES !M1 HE MU/ NONE!LESS ALSO FI<T AGA9/ !M4 

,NO?+ GOOD CAN POSSIBLY COME TO US FROM ! REPUBLIC & ! SUCCESSFUL 0REPUBLICANS10 ?AT IS1 ?OSE :O GA9 P[]4 ,TO HOPE O!RWISE W\LD BE TO ACCEPT A HI/ORICAL ABSURDITY1 UTT] NONS5SE4 ,! CLASS ?AT POSSESSES & GOV]NS IS 9EVITABLY ! 5EMY ( ALL PROGRESS4 ,! VEHICLE ( MOD]N ?\<T & ( 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL EVOLUTION IS ?AT P>T ( SOCIETY :I* /RUGGLES1 LABORS1 & IS OPPRESS$4 ,IT IS ?AT P>T :I* DEVELOPS & REALIZES ! IDEA & :I*1 ) GREAT DIFFICULTY1 CON/ANTLY SETS ! *>IOT ( SOCIETY 9 MOTION1 :ILE CONS]VATIVES 5DLESSLY TRY TO /ALL IT OR BOG IT D[N4 

,BUT ONE MI<T ASK :E!R \R EVOLUTION>Y & REVOLUTION>Y FRI5DS1 ! SOCIALI/S1 >E EQUALLY LIABLE TO BETRAY !IR CAUSE1 & :E!R WE WILL SEE !M ONE DAY GO ?R\< ! USUAL PROCESS ( REGRESSION AFT] ?OSE AMONG !M :O WANT TO 0CONQU] /ATE P[]0 HAVE SUCCE$$4 ,IF ! SOCIALI/S BECOME \R MA/]S1 !Y WILL C]TA9LY PROCE$ 9 ! SAME MANN] AS !IR PR$ECESSORS1 ! REPUBLICANS4 ,! LAWS ( HI/ORY WILL NOT B5D 9 !IR FAVOR4 ,ONCE !Y HAVE P[]1 !Y WILL NOT FAIL TO USE IT1 IF ONLY UND] ! ILLUSION OR PRET5SE ?AT ?IS =CE WILL BE R5D]$ USELESS AS ALL OB/ACLES >E SWEPT AWAY & ALL HO/ILE ELEM5TS DE/ROY$4 ,! WORLD IS FULL ( SU* AMBITI\S & NAIVE P]SONS :O LIVE ) ! ILLUSORY HOPE ( TRANS=M+ SOCIETY ?R\< !IR EXCEPTIONAL CAPACITY TO COMM&2 H[EV]1 :5 !Y HAVE RIS5 9TO ! RANKS ( ! LEAD]S1 OR AT LEA/ BECOME 5ME%$ 9 ! VA/ MA*9E ( HI<-LEVEL ADM9I/RATION1 !Y UND]/& ?AT !IR ISOLAT$ WILL HAS NO HOLD OV] ! ONLY REAL P[]1 :I* IS ! 9N] WORK+S ( PUBLIC OP9ION1 & ?AT ALL !IR EF=TS RISK BE+ LO/ AMID ! 9DIFF]5CE & ILL WILL ?AT SURR\NDS !M4 ,:AT REMA9S = !M TO DO BUT FOLL[ GOV]NM5TAL R\T9E1 5RI* !IR FAMILIES1 & DOLE \T POSITIONS TO !IR FRI5DS8 

,SOME F]V5T AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S TELL US ?AT ! MIRAGE ( P[] & ! EX]CISE ( AU?ORITY CAN D\BTLESS HAVE GRAVE DANG]S = M5 :O >E SIMPLY MOTIVAT$ BY GOOD 9T5TIONS1 BUT ?AT ?IS DANG] NE$ NOT BE FE>$ BY ?OSE :O HAVE MAPP$ \T !IR PLAN ( ACTION ?R\< A PROGRAM RIGOR\SLY DEBAT$ ) COMRADES :O WILL KN[ H[ TO CALL !M TO ORD] 9 CASE ( NEGLIG5CE OR BETRAYAL4 ,IT IS REQUIR$ ?AT PROGRAMS BE DULY SPELL$ \T1 SIGN$1 & C\NT]SIGN$4 ,!Y >E PUBLI%$ 9 ?\S&S ( COPIES4 ,!Y >E PO/$ ON ! DOORS ( MEET+ HALLS1 & EA* C&IDATE KN[S !M BY HE>T4 ,>E !SE NOT SUFFICI5T GU>ANTEES8 ,H[EV]1 ! MEAN+ ( !SE SCRUPUL\SLY DEBAT$ WORDS V>IES FROM YE> TO YE> ACCORD+ TO EV5TS & P]SPECTIVES1 & EA* UND]/&S IT ACCORD+ TO HIS [N 9T]E/S4 ,& :5 A :OLE FACTION COMES TO VIEW ?+S DIFF]5TLY ?AN IT HAD 9 ! BEG9N+1 ! CLE>E/ /ATEM5TS TAKE ON A M]ELY SYMBOLIC MEAN+1 & EV5TUALLY BECOME NO MORE ?AN HI/ORICAL DOCUM5TS4 

,! FACT IS ?AT ?OSE :O ASPIRE TO CONQU] /ATE P[] MU/ OBVI\SLY USE ! MEANS ?AT SEEM TO LEAD MO/ SURELY TO !IR GOAL4 ,9 REPUBLICS ) UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 !Y C\RT ! MULTITUDES1 ! CR[D4 ,!Y SUPPORT ! 9T]E/S ( ! W9E 9DU/RY & MAKE !MSELVES POPUL> AT ! PUBS4 ,!Y WELCOME VOT]S FROM :]EV] !Y COME1 UNCONC]N$ AB\T SACRIFIC+ SUB/ANCE = =M4 ,!Y 9VITE 5EMIES 9TO !IR MID/1 :I* IS LIKE 9JECT+ POISON DIRECTLY 9TO ! BODY4 ,9 C\NTRIES ) A MON>*Y1 MANY SOCIALI/S DECL>E !MSELVES TO BE 9DIFF]5T TO ! =M ( GOV]NM5T1 & !Y EV5 CALL UPON ! K+'S M9I/]S TO HELP !M REALIZE !IR PLANS = SOCIAL *ANGE1 AS IF IT W]E LOGICALLY POSSIBLE TO RECONCILE DOM9ATION BY A S+LE RUL] ) BRO!RLY MUTUAL AID AMONG M54 ,BUT ! IMPATI5CE TO ACT CAN BL9D ONE TO OB/ACLES1 & FAI? WILL+LY BELIEVES ?AT IT CAN MOVE M\NTA9S4 ,LASSALLE LONGS TO HAVE ,BISM>CK AS A P>TN] 9 E/ABLI%+ A NEW WORLD4.<#d#d.> ,O!RS TURN T[>D ! ,POPE1 ASK+ HIM TO HEAD ! LEAGUE ( ! HUMBLE4 ,& :5 ! Y\NG ,EMP]OR ( ,G]MANY GA!R$ A FEW PHILAN?ROPI/S & SOCIOLOGI/S AT HIS TABLE1 !RE W]E ?OSE :O IMAG9$ ?AT ! NEW DAY HAD F9ALLY DAWN$4 

,& IF SOME SOCIALI/S >E /ILL FASC9AT$ BY ! PRE/IGE ( POLITICAL P[] EXPRESS$ AS DIV9E RI<T OR ! RI<T ( =CE1 !Y SUCCUMB EV5 MORE READILY TO P[] ?AT IS MASK$ BY ITS POPUL> ORIG9 9 LIMIT$ OR UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,9 ORD] TO W9 VOTES1 OR 9 O!R WORDS1 TO E>N ! FAVOR ( ! CITIZ5S1 :I* 9ITIALLY SEEMS QUITE LEGITIMATE1 ! SOCIALI/ C&IDATE READILY FLATT]S ! TA/ES1 ! 9CL9ATIONS1 OR EV5 ! PREJUDICES ( HIS ELECTORATE4 ,HE BLI!LY IGNORES DISAGREEM5TS1 DISPUTES1 & GRUDGES1 & = A :ILE BECOMES ! FRI5D1 OR AT LEA/ ! ALLY1 ( ?OSE ) :OM ONLY A %ORT TIME AGO HE HAD EX*ANG$ 9VECTIVES4 ,9 ! CL]ICALI/1 HE TRIES TO F9D A ,*RI/IAN SOCIALI/4 ,9 ! LIB]AL B\RGEOIS1 HE CONJURES UP ! RE=M]4 ,& 9 ! PATRIOT1 HE APPEALS TO ! C\RAGE\S DEF5D] ( CIVIC DIGNITY4 ,AT TIMES1 HE EV5 TAKES C>E NOT TO SC>E (F ! 0[N]0 OR ! 0BOSS40 ,HE GOES SO F> AS TO PRES5T !M ) HIS DEM&S AS IF !Y W]E GU>ANTEES ( PEACE4 0,MAY ,DAY10 :I* WAS SUPPOS$ TO REPRES5T VICTORY 9 A LONG /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,LORD ,CAPITAL1 HAS BECOME A HOLIDAY ) G>L&S & F>&OLES4 ,) !SE SUP]FICIAL GE/URES TO ! VOT]S1 ! C&IDATES GRADUALLY =GET ! PR\D LANGUAGE ( TRU? & ! UNCOMPROMIS+ ATTITUDE ( COMBAT4 ,!IR V]Y SPIRIT UND]GOES A P]VASIVE TRANS=MATION1 ESPECIALLY AMONG ?OSE :O REA* ! GOAL ( ALL !IR EF=TS & ASSUME !IR PLACES ON VELVET B5*ES FAC+ ! GOLD-FR+$ RO/RUM4 ,AT ?IS PO9T !Y MU/ BECOME EXP]TS AT EX*ANG+ SMILES1 H&%AKES1 & FAVORS4 

,?IS IS SIMPLY HUMAN NATURE1 & IT W\LD BE ABSURD ON \R P>T TO HOLD A GRUDGE AGA9/ ! SOCIALI/ LEAD]S :O1 F9D+ !MSELVES CAU<T UP 9 ! ELECTORAL MA*9E1 5D UP BE+ GRADUALLY TRANS=M$ 9TO NO?+ MORE ?AN B\RGEOIS ) LIB]AL IDEAS4 ,!Y HAVE PLAC$ !MSELVES 9 DET]M9ATE CONDITIONS ?AT 9 TURN DET]M9E !M4 ,! CONSEQU5CES >E 9EVITABLE1 & ! HI/ORIAN %\LD LIMIT HIMSELF TO PO9T+ IT \T AS A DANG] TO REVOLUTION>IES :O W\LD RA%LY ?R[ !MSELVES 9TO ! POLITICAL FRAY4 ,BESIDES1 ONE NE$ NOT EXAGG]ATE ! RESULTS ( ?IS EVOLUTION ( SOCIALI/ POLITICIANS1 = ! /RUGGL+ MASSES >E ALWAYS COMPOS$ ( TWO ELEM5TS :OSE RESPECTIVE 9T]E/S MU/ 9CREAS+LY DIV]GE4 ,SOME >E B\ND TO AB&ON ! ORIG9AL CAUSE1 :ILE O!RS REMA9 FAI?FUL TO IT4 ,!SE DEVELOPM5TS IMPLY A NEW CATEGORIZATION ( 9DIVIDUALS1 9 :I* !Y >E GR\P$ ACCORD+ TO !IR ACTUAL AFF9ITIES4 ,?US WE HAVE REC5TLY SE5 ! ,REPUBLICAN ,P>TY SPLIT 9 TWO1 =M+ ON ! ONE H& ! CR[D ( 0OPPORTUNI/S10 & ON ! O!R1 ! SOCIALI/ FACTIONS4 ,! LATT] WILL ALSO HAVE TO DIVIDE1 ONE GR\P WAT]+ D[N ITS PROGRAM TO MAKE IT MORE PALATABLE TO ! CONS]VATIVES1 & ! O!R GR\P MA9TA9+ ITS SPIRIT ( /RAI<T=W>D EVOLUTION & HONE/ REVOLUTION4 ,AFT] HAV+ HAD !IR MOM5TS ( DISC\RAGEM5T & EV5 SKEPTICISM1 !Y WILL 0LET ! DEAD BURY ! DEAD0 & WILL RETURN TO TAKE !IR PLACE AMONG ! LIV+4 ,BUT IF ONLY !Y KNEW ?AT EV]Y P>TY REQUIRES ESPRIT DE CORPS1 &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 SOLID>ITY 9 EVIL AS WELL AS 9 GOOD4 ,EA* MEMB] ( A P>TY BECOMES B\ND UP ) ! MI/AKES1 ! LIES1 & ! AMBITIONS ( ALL HIS COMRADES & MA/]S4 ,IT IS ONLY ! FREE MAN--:O ( HIS [N ACCORD JO9S HIS /R5G? ) ?AT ( O!R M5 ACT+ \T ( !IR [N WILL--:O HAS ! RI<T TO DISAV[ ! MI/AKES OR MISDE$S ( HIS SO-CALL$ COMPANIONS4 ,HE TAKES RESPONSIBILITY ONLY = HIMSELF4 

,S9CE ! PRES5T FUNCTION ( ! /ATE CONSI/S =EMO/ ( DEF5D+ ! 9T]E/S ( L&[N]S & ! 0RI<TS ( CAPITAL10 IT IS 9DISP5SABLE = ! ECONOMI/ TO HAVE AT HIS DISPOSAL SOME SUCCESSFUL >GUM5TS & FANTA/IC LIES ?AT ! POOR1 WANT+ V]Y MU* TO SUPPORT ! NATIONAL ECONOMY1 CAN ACCEPT )\T QUE/ION4 ,BUT ALAS6 ,!SE F9E-S\ND+ !ORIES1 9V5T$ 9 ! PA/ = CONSUMPTION BY ! DULL MASSES1 CAN NO LONG] BE ACCEPT$4 ,ONE MI<T WELL BLU% TO REPEAT ! OLD ASS]TION ?AT 0WORK IS ALWAYS REW>D$ BY WEAL? & PROP]TY40 ,9 CLAIM+ ?AT LABOR IS ! S\RCE ( WEAL?1 ! ECONOMI/S >E P]FECTLY CONSCI\S ?AT !Y >E NOT TELL+ ! TRU?4 ,LIKE ! SOCIALI/S1 !Y KN[ ?AT GREAT WEAL? IS NOT ! PRODUCT ( P]SONAL EF=T1 BUT ( ! WORK ( O!RS4 ,!Y >E NOT UNAW>E ?AT SPECULATION & SUCCESS 9 ! /OCK M>KET1 ! S\RCE ( GREAT =TUNES1 CAN BE JU/LY COMP>$ ) ! EXPLOITS ( B&ITS4 ,!Y C]TA9LY W\LD NOT D>E TO CLAIM ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL :O HAS A MILLION TO SP5D EA* WEEK1 :I* IS EQUIVAL5T TO ! AM\NT NECESS>Y TO SUPPORT A HUNDR$ ?\S& P]SONS1 DI/+UI%ES HIMSELF FROM O!R M5 ?R\< 9TELLIG5CE & VIRTUE A HUNDR$ ?\S& TIMES SUP]IOR TO ?AT ( ! AV]AGE P]SON4 ,IT W\LD BE FOOLI%1 & ALMO/ COMPLICIT\S1 TO WA/E TIME DEBAT+ ! HYPOCRITICAL >GUM5TS ON :I* ?IS ALLEG$ S\RCE ( SOCIAL 9EQUALITY IS BAS$4 

,BUT ANO!R K9D ( REASON+ IS US$ ?AT AT LEA/ HAS ! M]IT ( NOT BE+ F\ND$ ON A LIE4 ,AGA9/ ! DEM&S MADE ON BEHALF ( SOCIETY1 SOME 9VOKE ! RI<T ( ! /RONGE/1 & EV5 ! RESPECT$ NAME ( ,D>W9 7?\< )\T REG>D = HIS ACTUAL VIEWS71 9 ORD] TO DEF5D 9JU/ICE & VIOL5CE4 ,! /R5G? ( MUSCLE & JAW1 ( CUDGEL & BLUDGEON--?IS IS ! ULTIMATE >GUM5T6 ,9 ACTUALITY IT IS ! RI<T ( ! /RONGE/ ?AT TRIUMPHS 9 ! MONOPOLY ( WEAL?4 ,! ONE :O IS BE/ EQUIPP$ MAT]IALLY1 ! MO/ FAVOR$ ?R\< BIR?1 $UCATION1 & FRI5DS1 ! BE/ >M$ ?R\< =CE OR TRICK]Y1 & :O F9DS BE=E HIM ! WEAKE/ 5EMIES1 HAS ! BE/ *ANCE ( SUCCE$+4 ,HE IS MORE CAPABLE ?AN O!RS ( BUILD+ A L(TY =TRESS FROM :I* HE CAN FIRE ON HIS UN=TUNATE BRO!RS4 

,?US ! CRUDE BATTLE ( CONFLICT+ EGOS DET]M9ES ! \TCOME4 ,BUT 9 =M] TIMES1 ONE H>DLY D>$ ACKN[L$GE ?IS !ORY ( IRON & FIRE1 :I* SEEM$ TOO VIOL5T1 & PREF]R$ 9/EAD ! LANGUAGE ( HYPOCRITICAL VIRTUE4 ,IT WAS VEIL$ BY SOLEMN EXPRESSIONS SO ?AT ! PEOPLE W\LD NOT UND]/& ! MEAN+4 0,WORK IS A BRIDLE10 SAID ,GUIZOT4.<#d#d#a.> ,BUT NATURALI/S' /UDIES ( ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 SPECIES = EXI/5CE & ! CONCEPT ( ! SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/ HAVE 5C\RAG$ ! !ORETICIANS ( =CE TO ANN\NCE BRAZ5LY !IR >ROGANT *ALL5GE4 0,Y\ SEE10 !Y SAY1 0?IS IS ! 9EVITABLE LAW & IMMUTABLE DE/9Y TO :I* BO? PR$ATOR & PREY >E SUBJECT40 

,WE %\LD BE PLEAS$ ?AT ! QUE/ION IS ?US SIMPLIFI$ 9 ALL ITS BRUTALITY1 = IT IS ?AT MU* CLOS] TO BE+ RESOLV$4 0,=CE RULES60 SAY ! DEF5D]S ( SOCIAL 9EQUALITY4 0,YES1 IT'S =CE ?AT RULES60 CRY \T EV] MORE L\DLY ?OSE :O PR(IT FROM MOD]N 9DU/RY 9 ITS RU?LESS DEVELOPM5T1 ! DESIR$ RESULT ( :I* IS ABOVE ALL TO R$UCE ! NUMB] ( WORK]S4 ,BUT C\LD NOT ! REVOLUTION>IES SAY MU* ! SAME ?+ AS ! ECONOMI/S & ! 9DU/RIALI/S1 BUT ) ! UND]/&+ ?AT COOP]ATION = EXI/5CE WILL GRADUALLY REPLACE ! /RUGGLE = SURVIVAL8 ,! LAW ( ! /RONGE/ WILL NOT ALWAYS B5EFIT ! 9DU/RIAL MONOPOLY4 0,MI<T MAKES RI<T10 SAID ,BISM>CK1 LIKE MANY O!RS BE=E HIM1 BUT ! DAY IS COM+ :5 MI<T WILL BE AT ! S]VICE ( RI<T4 ,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT IDEAS ( SOLID>ITY >E SPREAD+1 ?AT ! CONQUE/S ( SCI5CE WILL EV5TUALLY REA* EV]Y LEVEL ( SOCIETY1 & ?AT MORAL RES\RCES >E BECOM+ ! PROP]TY ( ALL1 WILL NOT ! WORK]S1 :O HAVE BO? ! RI<T & ! MI<T1 MAKE USE ( !SE ?+S 9 ORD] TO CREATE A REVOLUTION = ! B5EFIT ( ALL8 ,AS /RONG AS !Y MAY BE 9 MONEY1 9TELLIG5CE1 & %REWDNESS1 :AT CAN ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS DO AGA9/ ! UNIT$ MASSES8 ,! RUL]S HAVE LO/ HOPE ( GIV+ ANY MORAL JU/IFICATION = !IR CAUSE2 N[ !Y ASK ONLY TO RULE ) A FIRM H&4 ,?IS IS ! ONLY SUP]IORITY TO :I* !Y ASPIRE4 ,ONE C\LD EASILY CITE EXAMPLES ( /ATE (FICIALS :O W]E *OS5 NOT = !IR MILIT>Y GLORY1 !IR NOBLE G5EALOGY1 !IR TAL5TS1 OR !IR ELOQU5CE1 BUT SOLELY = !IR LACK ( SCRUPLES4 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 ONE HAS FULL CONFID5CE 9 !M3 !Y ALL[ NO PREJUDICE TO /& 9 ! WAY ( ! CONQUE/ ( P[] OR ! DEF5SE ( BANK NOTES4 

,9 NO MOD]N REVOLUTION HAVE ! PRIVILEG$ BE5 KN[N TO FI<T !IR [N BATTLES4 ,!Y ALWAYS DEP5D ON >MIES ( POOR PEOPLE1 :OM !Y 9DOCTR9ATE ) ! SO-CALL$ RELIGION ( ! FLAG & DRILL 9 ! SO-CALL$ MA9T5ANCE ( ORD]4 ,SIX MILLION M51 )\T C\NT+ ALL ! RANKS ( POLICE1 >E EMPLOY$ = SU* WORK 9 ,EUROPE4 ,BUT !SE >MIES CAN DIS9TEGRATE4 ,!Y CAN RECALL ! COMMON ORIG9 & DE/9Y ?AT CONNECT !M ) ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE1 & ! H& ?AT LEADS !M CAN LOSE CONTROL4 ,COMPOS$ L>GELY ( PROLET>IANS1 !Y CAN & C]TA9LY WILL BECOME = B\RGEOIS SOCIETY :AT ! B>B>IANS 9 ! PAY ( ! EMPIRE BECAME = ,ROMAN SOCIETY--AN ELEM5T ( DISSOLUTION4 ,HI/ORY IS FULL ( EXAMPLES ( \TBREAKS ( PANIC TO :I* ! P[]FUL SUCCUMB1 EV5 ?OSE :O HAVE PRES]V$ !IR /R5G? ( *>ACT]--= !RE >E ALSO A NUMB] ( 0RUL]S0 :O >E NO?+ MORE ?AN SIMPLE DEG5]ATES4 ,! LATT] >E ! SORT :O1 IF TRAPP$ 9 A SPREAD+ FIRE1 W\LD NOT HAVE ! 5]GY & PHYSICAL /R5G? 7EV5 IF !RE W]E A HUNDR$ ( !M7 TO BREAK ?R\< A WOOD5 WALL1 NOR 5\< DIGNITY TO ALL[ WOM5 & *ILDR5 TO ESCAPE FIR/4.<#d#d#b.> ,:5 ! DIS9H]IT$ >E UNIT$ 9 !IR [N 9T]E/S--TRADE ) TRADE1 NATION ) NATION1 RACE ) RACE1 OR1 SPONTANE\SLY1 MAN ) FELL[ MAN--& :5 !Y KN[ !IR GOAL WELL1 !RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ! OPPORTUNITY WILL >ISE = !M TO USE !IR =CE 9 ! S]VICE ( LIB]TY = ALL4 ,AS P[]FUL AS ! MA/] MAY BE AT ?AT TIME1 HE WILL BE QUITE WEAK :5 HE FACES ALL :O >E UNIT$ ) A S+LE WILL & :O RISE UP AGA9/ HIM SO ?AT !Y MAY BE ASSUR$ FROM ?AT MOM5T ON ( !IR BREAD & LIB]TY4 

,IGNORANCE IS DECREAS+1 & AMONG ! UNIT$ REVOLUTION>Y EVOLUTIONI/S1 KN[L$GE WILL SOON BE ! GUIDE ( P[]4 ,?IS IS ! OV]RID+ FACT ?AT GIVES US CONFID5CE 9 ! PROMISE ( HUMANITY3 DESPITE ! 9F9ITE COMPLEXITY ( ?+S1 HI/ORY DEMON/RATES ?AT PROGRESS WILL W9 \T OV] REGRESSION4 ,9 CONSID]+ ALL ! FACTS ( CONTEMPOR>Y LIFE1 SOME ATTE/ TO A RELATIVE DECL9E :ILE O!RS CONCLUDE ?AT !RE HAS BE5 A /EP =W>D4 ,! LATT] VIEW IS MORE VALID1 S9CE DAY BY DAY EVOLUTION MOVES US EV] CLOS] TO ?AT TOTALITY ( BO? PEACEFUL & VIOL5T TRANS=MATIONS ?AT WE ALREADY CALL 0SOCIAL REVOLUTION40 ,?IS WILL 5TAIL ABOVE ALL ! DE/RUCTION ( ! DESPOTIC P[] ( P]SONS & ?+S1 & ( 9DIVIDUAL MONOPOLY OV] ! PRODUCTS ( COLLECTIVE LABOR4 

,! MAJOR EV5T 9 ?IS EVOLUTION>Y PROCESS IS ! EM]G5CE ( ! ,WORK]S' ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,NO D\BT IT HAS BE5 TAK+ ROOT EV] S9CE M5 ( DIFF]5T NATIONS BEGAN PRACTIC+ MUTUAL AID1 9 COMPLETE FRI5D%IP & = !IR COMMON 9T]E/S4 ,IT EV5 ACQUIR$ A !ORETICAL EXI/5CE :5 ! PHILOSOPH]S ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY 9SPIR$ ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION'S PROCLAMATION ( ! 0RI<TS ( MAN40 ,BUT !SE RI<TS HAVE REMA9$ A M]E SLOGAN1 & ! ASSEMBLY ?AT %\T$ !M \T TO ! WORLD WAS C>EFUL NOT TO PUT !M 9TO PRACTICE4 ,IT DID NOT EV5 D>E TO ABOLI% ! SLAV]Y ( ! BLACKS ( ,SANTO ,DOM+O & ONLY YIELD$ AFT] YE>S ( 9SURRECTION1 :5 IT SEEM$ ?AT ! LA/ *ANCE = SALVATION WAS TO PAY ?IS PRICE4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL1 :I* WAS 9 ! PROCESS ( =MATION 9 ALL CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES1 DID NOT FULLY COME TO CONSCI\SNESS ( ITSELF UNTIL ! SECOND HALF ( \R C5TURY1 & IT WAS 9 ! SPH]E ( LABOR ?AT IT EM]G$4 ,! 0RUL+ CLASSES0 HAD NO?+ TO DO ) IT4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL6 ,S9CE ! DISCOV]Y ( ,AM]ICA & ! CIRCUMNAVIGATION ( ! E>?1 NO A*IEVEM5T WAS MORE IMPORTANT 9 ! HI/ORY ( MAN4 ,COLUMBUS1 ,MAGELLAN1 & ,EL ,CANO.<#d#d#c.> W]E ! FIR/ TO NOTICE ! PHYSICAL UNITY ( ! E>?1 BUT ! FUTURE NORMATIVE UNITY ?AT ! PHILOSOPH]S DESIR$ BEGAN TO BE REALIZ$ ONLY :5 ! ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*1 & ,G]MAN WORK]S1 =GETT+ !IR DIFF]5T ORIG9S & UND]/&+ ONE ANO!R 9 SPITE ( !IR DIV]SITY ( LANGUAGES1 JO9$ TOGE!R TO =M A S+LE NATION1 9 DEFIANCE ( ALL !IR RESPECTIVE GOV]NM5TS4 ,! BEG9N+S ( ! UND]TAK+ W]E NOT IMPRESSIVE4 ,SC>CELY A FEW ?\S& M5 B&$ TOGE!R 9 ?IS ASSOCIATION1 :I* WAS ! ORIG9AL CELL ( ! HUMANITY ( ! FUTURE4 ,BUT HI/ORIANS UND]/OOD ! FUNDAM5TAL IMPORTANCE ( ! EV5T ?AT HAD JU/ OCCURR$4 ,9 ! E>LY YE>S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! OV]TURN+ ( ! ,V5DOME ,COLUMN DUR+ ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE %[$ ?AT ! IDEAS ( ?AT ORGANIZATION HAD BECOME A LIV+ REALITY4 ,UNTIL ?AT TIME1 IT WAS UNHE>D ( = A CONQU]$ PEOPLE TO OV]TURN 5?USIA/ICALLY ! MONUM5T ( =M] VICTORIES4 ,IT WAS DONE NOT TO FLATT] 9 A C[>DLY MANN] ?OSE :O HAD 9 TURN JU/ CONQU]$ !M1 BUT RA!R TO %[ !IR FRAT]NAL SYMPA?Y T[>D ! BRO!RS :O HAD BE5 DRIV5 AGA9/ !M1 & !IR FEEL+S ( LOA?+ = ! MA/]S & K+S :O ON BO? SIDES HAD L$ !IR SUBJECTS TO ! SLAU<T]H\SE4 ,= ?OSE :O KN[ H[ TO RISE ABOVE ! PETTY /RUGGLES ( FACTIONS & CONTEMPLATE ! M>* ( HI/ORY FROM A DI/ANCE1 !RE HAS NEV] 9 ?IS C5TURY BE5 A MORE IMPRESSIVE SIGN ( ! TIMES ?AN ! TOPPL+ ( ! IMP]IAL COLUMN ONTO A PILE ( MANURE6.<#d#d#d.> 

,AS SOON AS ! SPIRIT ( DEM&+ !IR DUE P]VADES ! 5TIRE MASS ( ! OPPRESS$1 EV]Y EV5T1 EV5 IF IT SEEMS TO BE ( M9IMAL IMPORTANCE1 WILL BE CAPABLE ( CREAT+ %OCK WAVES ( *ANGE1 JU/ AS A S+LE SP>K CAN CAUSE A :OLE KEG ( P[D] TO EXPLODE4 ,ALREADY WE SEE H>B+]S ( ! GREAT /RUGGLE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 :5 9 #ahi ! CALL ( 0,MAY ,DAY0 RES\ND$1 LAUN*$ BY AN UNKN[N P]SON1 P]HAPS AN ,AU/RALIAN COMRADE1 ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD W]E SUDD5LY UNIT$ 9 A S+LE ?\<T4 ,ON ?AT DAY1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 :I* HAD (FICIALLY BE5 BURI$1 WAS BR\<T BACK TO LIFE--NOT BY ! COMM& ( LEAD]S1 BUT ?R\< ! PRESSURE ( ! MASSES4 ,NEI!R ! 0WISE C\NSEL0 ( 9FLU5TIAL SOCIALI/S NOR ! OPPRESSIVE APP>ATUS ( GOV]NM5TS WAS ABLE TO PREV5T ! OPPRESS$ ( ALL NATIONS FROM FEEL+ ?AT !Y >E BRO!RS ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 & FROM AFFIRM+ ?IS TO ONE ANO!R4 ,H[EV]1 ON ! SURFACE1 0,MAY ,DAY0 DID NOT SEEM TO AM\NT TO MU*1 M]ELY A PLATONIC EXPRESSION1 A RALLY+ CRY1 A PASSWORD6 ,BOSSES & GOV]NM5TS1 AID$ BY ! SOCIALI/ LEAD]S !MSELVES1 HAVE 9DE$ ATTEMPT$ TO TURN ?OSE FATEFUL WORDS 9TO NO?+ MORE ?AN AN EMPTY =MULA4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ?IS CRY & ?IS YE>LY CELEBRATION HAVE TAK5 ON AN EPIC SIGNIFICANCE ?R\< !IR UNIV]SALITY4 

,ANO!R K9D ( \TCRY1 ONE ?AT IS SUDD51 SPONTANE\S1 & UNEXPECT$1 CAN LEAD TO EV5 MORE SURPRIS+ RESULTS4 ,DUE TO ONE CAUSE OR ANO!R & 9 RELATION TO SOME 9SIGNIFICANT FACT1 ! =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES--?AT IS1 ! 5TIRETY ( ECONOMIC CONDITIONS--WILL 9EVITABLY GIVE RISE TO ! K9D ( CRISIS ?AT IMPASSIONS EV5 ! 9DIFF]5T4 ,AT ?AT MOM5T1 !RE WILL SUDD5LY BE AN EXPLOSION ( ! TREM5D\S 5]GY ?AT HAS ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! HE>TS ( M5 BECAUSE ( A VIOLAT$ S5SE ( JU/ICE1 UNR$RESS$ SUFF]+S1 & UNAPPEAS$ HATR$S4 ,ANY DAY MI<T BR+ SU* A CATACLYSM4 ,! FIR+ ( A WORK]1 A LOCAL /RIKE1 OR AN UN=ESE5 MASSACRE CAN BE ! CAUSE ( REVOLUTION1 = ! FEEL+ ( SOLID>ITY IS CON/ANTLY SPREAD+1 & EA* LOCAL TREMOR T5DS TO %AKE ALL ( HUMANITY4 ,SEV]AL YE>S AGO1 ! NEW RALLY+ CRY ( 0G5]AL /RIKE0 BUR/ =? 9 ! FACTORIES4 ,?IS T]M SEEM$ BIZ>RE1 & WAS ?\<T TO EXPRESS A M]E DREAM OR *IM]ICAL HOPE4 ,BUT IT WAS REPEAT$ MORE L\DLY1 & N[ IT RES\NDS SO /RONGLY ?AT ! CAPITALI/ WORLD (T5 TREMBLES FROM IT4 ,NO1 ! G5]AL /RIKE IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE4 ,5GLI%1 ,BELGIAN1 ,FR5*1 ,G]MAN1 ,AM]ICAN1 & ,AU/RALIAN WAGE WORK]S UND]/& ?AT IT IS UP TO !M TO )HOLD ALL LABOR FROM !IR BOSSES ON ! SAME DAY4 ,& :Y W\LD !Y NOT C>RY \T TOMORR[ :AT !Y UND]/& TODAY1 ESPECIALLY IF A SOLDI]S' /RIKE IS ADD$ TO ?AT ( ! WORK]S8 ,! NEWSPAP]S UNANIM\SLY MA9TA9 AN EXTREMELY C>EFUL SIL5CE :5 SOLDI]S REBEL OR LEAVE ! MILIT>Y 5 MASSE4 ,CONS]VATIVES1 :O PREF] TO IGNORE COMPLETELY ANY FACTS ?AT >E NOT 9 ACCORD ) !IR WI%ES1 W\LD LIKE TO BELIEVE ?AT SU* A SOCIAL ABOM9ATION IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,BUT COLLECTIVE DES]TIONS1 P>TIAL REBELLIONS1 & REFUSALS TO %OOT >E PH5OM5A ?AT OCCUR FREQU5TLY 9 POORLY TRA9$ >MIES1 & ?AT >E NOT COMPLETELY UNKN[N 9 ! T\<E/ ( MILIT>Y ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?OSE AMONG US :O REMEMB] ! ,COMMUNE >E REM9D$ ( ! ?\S&S ( M5 LEFT 9 ,P>IS BY ,?I]S1 :O W]E DIS>M$ BY ! PEOPLE & EASILY CONV]T$ TO ITS CAUSE4 ,:5 ! MAJORITY ( SOLDI]S >E P]VAD$ BY ! WILL TO /RIKE1 ! OPPORTUNITY TO ACT UPON IT WILL COME SOON] OR LAT]4 

,! /RIKE1 OR RA!R ! SPIRIT ( ! /RIKE 9 ! BROADE/ S5SE1 D]IVES ITS VALUE ABOVE ALL ?R\< ! SOLID>ITY ?AT IT CREATES AMONG ?OSE :O DEM& !IR RI<TS4 ,9 /RUGGL+ = A COMMON CAUSE1 !Y LE>N TO LOVE ONE ANO!R4 ,BUT !RE >E ALSO EF=TS AT DIRECT ASSOCIATION1 & !SE ALSO CONTRIBUTE 9CREAS+LY TO ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,?IS UNIT+ ( =CES BY ! POOR1 ! F>M]S1 OR ! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S 5C\NT]S GREAT OB/ACLES BECAUSE ( ! LACK ( MAT]IAL RES\RCES AMONG ! 9DIVIDUAL MEMB]S4 ,! NE$ TO E>N A LIV+ REQUIRES !M EI!R TO LEAVE !IR NATIVE L& 9 ORD] TO SELL !IR LABOR-P[] TO ! HI<E/ BIDD]1 OR TO REMA9 :]E !Y >E & ACCEPT ! CONDITIONS1 AS %ABBY AS !Y MAY BE1 CREAT$ = !M BY ! DI/RIBUTION ( LABOR4 ,9 ANY CASE1 !Y >E 5SLAV$1 & !IR DAILY WORK PREV5TS !M FROM MAK+ PLANS = ! FUTURE & FREELY *OOS+ !IR ALLIES 9 ! BATTLE ( LIFE4 ,?US IT IS QUITE REM>KABLE ?AT !Y ACCOMPLI% WORK ?AT MAY BE LIMIT$ 9 SCOPE1 BUT ?AT NONE!LESS 9TRODUCES TO ! WORLD >\ND IT A NEW QUALITY ( LIFE4 ,MOREOV]1 SOME SIGNS ( ! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE DO OCCASIONALLY APPE> H]E & !RE AMONG ! WORK]S1 ?ANKS TO FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES & TO ! /R5G? ( ! IDEA1 :I* P]VADES EV5 SOME SOCIAL CIRCLES 9 ! WORLD ( ! PRIVILEG$4 

,(T5 IT PLEASES \R CRITICS TO ASK US S>CA/ICALLY AB\T PREVI\S ATTEMPTS TO CREATE MORE OR LESS COMMUNAL ASSOCIATIONS 9 V>I\S P>TS ( ! WORLD1 & WE W\LD LACK P]SPECTIVE IF WE W]E 9 ANY WAY EMB>RASS$ TO ANSW] SU* QUE/IONS4 ,TRUE1 ! HI/ORY ( !SE ASSOCIATIONS REVEALS MANY MORE FAILURES ?AN SUCCESSES4 ,IT C\LD NOT BE O!RWISE1 S9CE :AT IS NECESS>Y IS TOTAL REVOLUTION1 ! REPLACEM5T ( 9DIVIDUAL OR COLLECTIVE WORK = ! B5EFIT ( ONE1 BY ! WORK ( ALL = ! B5EFIT ( ALL4 ,! P]SONS :O COME TOGE!R 9 ORD] TO =M ONE ( !SE SOCIETIES ) NEW IDEALS >E !MSELVES BY NO MEANS COMPLETELY RID ( PREJUDICES1 OLD PRACTICES1 & DEEPLY ROOT$ ATAVISMS2 !Y HAVE NOT YET 0%$ ! OLD MAN06 ,9 ! 0AN>*I/0 OR 0H>MONI/0 MICROCOSM !Y HAVE CREAT$1 !Y MU/ ALWAYS /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! DISSOCIATIVE & DISRUPTIVE =CES PRODUC$ BY HABITS1 CU/OMS1 ! EV]-P[]FUL BONDS ( FAMILY1 TEMPT+ ADVICE FROM FRI5DS1 ! RETURN ( WORLDLY AMBITIONS1 ! NE$ = ADV5TURE1 & ! OBSESSION ) *ANGE4 ,PRIDE & A FEEL+ ( DIGNITY CAN SU/A9 NOVICES = A :ILE1 BUT AT ! FIR/ DISAPPO9TM5T1 IT IS EASY = !M TO SUCCUMB TO A SECRET HOPE ?AT ! UND]TAK+ WILL FAIL & ?AT !Y WILL ONCE AGA9 PLUNGE 9TO ! TUMULT ( LIFE ON ! \TSIDE4 ,WE >E REM9D$ ( ! EXP]I5CE ( ! COLONI/S ( ,BROOK ,F>M 9 ,NEW ,5GL&1 :O REMA9$ FAI?FUL TO !IR ASSOCIATION1 IF ONLY ?R\< ! BONDS ( VIRTUE & LOYALTY TO !IR ORIG9AL 9T5TION4 ,NEV]!LESS1 !Y W]E DELI<T$ :5 A FIRE DE/ROY$ !IR COMMUNAL PALACE1 ?US ABSOLV+ !M FROM ! AGREEM5T CONTRACT$ AMONG !M 9 :AT AM\NT$ TO A SORT ( 9T]IOR V[1 ALBEIT NOT 9 ! MONA/IC S5SE4 ,OBVI\SLY1 ! ASSOCIATION WAS DOOM$ TO P]I%1 EV5 IF ! FIRE HAD NOT FULFILL$ ! 9N]MO/ DESIRE ( SOME1 S9CE ! BASIC WILL ( ! MEMB]S WAS AT ODDS ) ! FUNCTION+ ( !IR COLONY4 

,MO/ COMMUNIT>IAN ASSOCIATIONS HAVE P]I%$ = SIMIL> REASONS RELAT$ TO !IR 9ABILITY TO ADAPT TO !IR SURR\ND+S4 ,!Y W]E NOT REGULAT$1 AS >E B>RACKS OR MONA/]IES1 BY ! ABSOLUTE WILL ( RELIGI\S OR MILIT>Y MA/]S & BY ! NO LESS ABSOLUTE OB$I5CE ( !IR 9F]IORS--SOLDI]S1 MONKS1 OR NUNS4 ,BESIDES1 !Y DID NOT YET POSSESS ! BOND ( COMPLETE SOLID>ITY ?AT RESULTS 9 ABSOLUTE RESPECT = P]SONS1 9TELLECTUAL & >TI/IC DEVELOPM5T1 & ! PROSPECT ( A GREAT & CONT9UALLY GR[+ IDEAL4 ,! OPPORTUNITIES = DISCORD & EV5 DISUNITY >E EV5 MORE TO BE EXPECT$ :5 COLONI/S1 ATTRACT$ BY ! MIRAGE ( A DI/ANT L&1 >E DRAWN T[>D A REGION COMPLETELY DIFF]5T FROM !IR [N1 :]E EA* ?+ SEEMS /RANGE TO !M & :]E ADAPTATION TO ! SOIL1 ! CLIMATE1 & LOCAL CU/OMS IS SUBJECT TO ! GREATE/ UNC]TA9TIES4 ,! PHALAN/]IANS :O ACCOMPANI$ ,VICTOR ,CONSID]ANT TO ! PLA9S ( NOR!RN ,TEXAS %ORTLY AFT] ! F\NDATION ( ! ,SECOND ,EMPIRE W]E HEAD$ T[>D C]TA9 RU94 ,!Y SETTL$ 9 ! MID/ ( POPULATIONS :OSE BRUTAL & CO>SE CU/OMS SURELY MU/ HAVE %OCK$ !IR ?9 ,P>ISIAN SK9S4 ,ALSO1 !Y 5C\NT]$ ! ABOM9ABLE 9/ITUTION ( BLACK SLAV]Y & W]E EV5 =BIDD5 BY LAW TO EXPRESS !IR OP9ION AB\T IT4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! EXP]IM5T ( ,FREIL&1 OR 0,L& ( ,FRE$OM10 ATTEMPT$ UND] ! DIRECTION ( A ,PRUSSIAN (FIC] 9 REGIONS KN[N ONLY ?R\< VAGUE /ORIES & CONQU]$ ) DIFFICULTY ?R\< A W> ( EXT]M9ATION1 (F]$ A F>CICAL SPECTACLE TO ! HI/ORIAN4 ,IT WAS EVID5T FROM ! BEG9N+ ?AT ALL !SE HET]OG5E\S ELEM5TS W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO UNITE 9 A H>MONI\S :OLE4 

,NONE ( !SE FAILURES CAN DISC\RAGE US1 = ! SUCCESSIVE EF=TS 9DICATE AN IRRESI/IBLE /RIV+ ( ! SOCIAL WILL4 ,NEI!R DISAPPO9TM5TS NOR RIDICULE CAN DET] ! SEEK]S4 ,BESIDES1 !Y ALWAYS HAVE BE=E !M ! EXAMPLE ( ! 0COOP]ATIVES0--CONSUM]S' ASSOCIATIONS & O!R TYPES--:I* ALSO HAD DIFFICULT BEG9N+S BUT :I* N[ HAVE BECOME NUM]\S & WOND]FULLY PROSP]\S4 ,UND\BT$LY1 SEV]AL ( !SE ASSOCIATIONS HAVE TURN$ \T V]Y BADLY1 ESPECIALLY ! MO/ PROSP]\S AMONG !M1 9 ! S5SE ?AT ! REALIZATION ( PR(IT & ! DESIRE TO 9CREASE IT HAVE 9FLAM$ ! LOVE ( WEAL? AMONG ! MEMB]S ( ! COOP]ATIVE1 OR AT LEA/ DIV]T$ !M FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y 5?USIASM ( ! E>LY YE>S4 ,?IS IS ! MO/ =MIDABLE DANG]1 HUMAN NATURE BE+ ALWAYS READY TO GRASP AT EXCUSES TO AVOID ! RISKS ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,IT IS EASY TO CONF9E ONESELF TO ONE'S 0GOOD WORK10 ?RU/+ ASIDE ! CONC]NS & DANG]S ?AT >ISE FROM DEVOTION TO ! REVOLUTION>Y CAUSE 9 ITS FULL SCOPE4 ,ONE TELLS ONESELF ?AT IT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO SUCCE$ 9 AN UND]TAK+ ?AT 9VOLVES ! COLLECTIVE HONOR ( A GREAT NUMB] ( FRI5DS1 & ONE GRADUALLY ALL[S ONESELF TO BE DRAWN 9TO ! PETTY PRACTICES ( CONV5TIONAL BUS9ESS4 ,! P]SON :O HAD RESOLV$ TO *ANGE ! WORLD HAS *ANG$ 9TO NO?+ MORE ?AN A SIMPLE GROC]4 

,NEV]!LESS1 /UDI\S & S9C]E AN>*I/S CAN LE>N A GREAT LESSON FROM !SE 9NUM]ABLE COOP]ATIVES ?AT HAVE EM]G$ EV]Y:]E & JO9$ TO =M EV] L>G] 5TITIES 9 SU* A WAY AS TO 5COMPASS ! MO/ DIV]SE FUNCTIONS1 SU* AS ?OSE ( 9DU/RY1 TRANSPORTATION1 AGRICULTURE1 SCI5CE1 >T1 & 5T]TA9M5T4 ,! SCI5TIFIC PRACTICE ( MUTUAL AID IS SPREAD+ & BECOM+ EASY TO A*IEVE4 ,ALL ?AT REMA9S IS TO GIVE IT ITS TRUE MEAN+ & MORALITY BY SIMPLIFY+ ! :OLE SY/EM ( EX*ANGE ( S]VICES & RETA9+ ONLY ! SIMPLE RECORD+ ( /ATI/ICS ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 !REBY ELIM9AT+ ! L>GE BOOKS ( 0DEBIT0 & 0CR$IT10 :I* WILL HAVE BECOME USELESS4 

,?IS PR(\ND REVOLUTION IS NOT ONLY ON ! PA? TO FULFILLM5T1 BUT IS ACTUALLY BE+ REALIZ$ 9 V>I\S PLACES2 H[EV]1 IT IS PO9TLESS TO DRAW ATT5TION TO ! 5DEAVORS ?AT SEEM TO US TO BE CLOSE/ TO \R IDEAL1 = !IR *ANCES ( SUCCESS >E GREATE/ IF SIL5CE CONT9UES TO PROTECT !M1 IF ! CLAMOR ( PUBLICITY DOES NOT DI/URB !IR MODE/ BEG9N+S4 ,LET US REMEMB] ! HI/ORY ( ! SMALL SOCIETY ( FRI5DS ?AT HAD GA!R$ UND] ! NAME ( ! 0,MONTREUIL ,COMMUNE40 ,SOME PA9T]S1 C>P5T]S1 G>D5]S1 H\SEKEEP]S1 & S*OOLTEA*]S GOT ! IDEA ( SIMPLY WORK+ = ONE ANO!R1 )\T HIR+ A BOOKKEEP] AS 9T]M$I>Y OR ASK+ ! ADVICE ( A TAX COLLECTOR OR NOT>Y4 ,IF SOMEONE NE$$ *AIRS OR TABLES1 HE W5T TO SEE ! FRI5D :O MADE !M4 ,IF SOMEONE'S H\SE HAD BECOME A BIT %ABBY1 HE 9=M$ A COMRADE1 :O BR\<T HIS PA9TBRU% & BUCKET ( PA9T ! NEXT DAY4 ,DUR+ GOOD WEA!R1 ! MEMB]S PUT ON CLEAN CLO!S1 WELL C>$ = & PRESS$ BY ! WOM5 CITIZ5S1 & !N W5T = A WALK TO GA!R FRE% VEGETABLES AT ! G>D5 ( ANO!R FRI5D4 ,& EV]Y DAY ! *ILDR5 /UDI$ READ+ ) ! S*OOLTEA*]4 ,IT WAS TOO BEAUTIFUL6 ,SU* A SC&AL HAD TO /OP4 ,=TUNATELY1 AN 0AN>*I/ ATTACK0 HAD SPREAD T]ROR AMONG ! B\RGEOISIE1 & ! M9I/] :OSE NAME RECALLS ! 09FAM\S LAWS0.<#d#d#e.> HAD ! GREAT IDEA ( (F]+ A ,NEW ,YE>'S PRES5T TO ! CONS]VATIVES--A DECREE ( >RE/S & MASS SE>*ES4 ,! BRAVE COMMUNIT>IANS ( ,MONTREUIL DID NOT SURVIVE1 & ! MO/ GUILTY--?AT IS1 ! BE/ AMONG !M--HAD TO SUBMIT TO ?AT DISGUIS$ TORTURE CALL$ ! SECRET 9VE/IGATION4 ,& SO ! DREAD$ LITTLE COMMUNE WAS KILL$4 ,BUT DO NOT FE>--IT WILL BE REBORN4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #ab -- ,UPDAT$4 

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