,AN>*Y & ,VIOL5CE 

#ahid 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,JULIAN ,F>M]1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,D ,LIC5SE  
,FROM !IR FIR/ MANIFE/ATIONS ,AN>*I/S HAVE .<BE5.> NE>LY UNANIM\S AS TO ! NECESSITY ( REC\RSE TO PHYSICAL =CE 9 ORD] TO TRANS=M EXI/+ SOCIETY2 & :ILE ! O!R SELF-/YL$ REVOLUTION>Y P>TIES HAVE GONE FL\ND]+ 9TO ! P>LIAM5T>Y SL\<1 ! AN>*I/ IDEA HAS 9 SOME SORT ID5TIFI$ ITSELF ) ?AT ( >M$ 9SURRECTION & VIOL5T REVOLUTION4 

,BUT1 P]HAPS1 !RE HAS BE5 NO SUFFICI5T EXPLANATION AS TO ! K9D & ! DEGREE ( VIOL5CE TO BE EMPLOY$2 & H]E AS 9 MANY O!R QUE/IONS V]Y DISSIMIL> IDEAS & S5TIM5TS LURK UND] \R COMMON NAME4 

,AS A FACT1 ! NUM]\S \TRAGES :I* HAVE LATELY BE5 P]PETRAT$ BY ,AN>*I/S & 9 ! NAME ( ,AN>*Y1 HAVE BR\<T TO ! LI<T ( DAY PR(\ND DIFF]5CES :I* HAD =M]LY BE5 IGNOR$1 OR SC>CELY =ESE54 

,SOME COMRADES1 DISGU/$ AT ! ATROCITY & USELESSNESS ( C]TA9 ( !SE ACTS1 HAVE DECL>$ !MSELVES OPPOS$ TO ALL VIOL5CE :ATEV]1 EXCEPT 9 CASES ( P]SONAL DEF5SE AGA9/ DIRECT & IMM$IATE ATTACK4 ,:I*1 9 MY OP9ION1 W\LD MEAN ! R5UNCIATION ( ALL REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVE1 & ! RES]V+ ( \R BL[S = ! PETTY1 & (T5 9VOLUNT>Y AG5TS ( ! GOV]NM5T1 :ILE LEAV+ 9 PEACE ! ORGANIZ]S (1 & ?OSE *IEFLY B5EFIT$ BY1 GOV]NM5T & CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION4 

,O!R COMRADES1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 C>RI$ AWAY BY ! EXCITEM5T ( ! /RUGGLE1 EMBITT]$ BY ! 9FAMIES ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 & ASSUR$LY 9FLU5C$ BY :AT HAS REMA9$ ( ! OLD ,JACOB9 IDEAS P]MEAT+ ! POLITICAL $UCATION ( ! PRES5T G5]ATION1 HAVE HA/ILY ACCEPT$ ANY & EV]Y K9D ( VIOL5CE1 PROVID$ ONLY ?AT IT BE COMMITT$ 9 ! NAME ( ,AN>*Y2 & !Y HAVE CLAIM$ H>DLY LESS ?AN ! RI<T ( LIFE & DEA? OV] ?OSE :O >E NOT ,AN>*I/S1 OR :O >E NOT ,AN>*I/S EXACTLY ACCORD+ TO !IR PATT]N4 

,& ! MASS ( ! PUBLIC1 IGNOR+ !SE POLEMICS1 & DECEIV$ BY ! CAPITALI/ PRESS1 SEE 9 ,AN>*Y NO?+ BUT BOMBS & DAGG]S1 & HABITUALLY REG>D ,AN>*I/S AS WILD BEA/S ?IR/+ = BLOOD & RU94 

,IT IS !RE=E NE$FUL ?AT WE EXPLA9 \RSELVES V]Y CLE>LY AS REG>DS ?IS QUE/ION ( VIOL5CE1 & ?AT EA* ONE ( US %\LD TAKE A POSITION ACCORD+LY3 NE$FUL BO? 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! RELATIONS ( PRACTICAL COOP]ATION :I* MAY EXI/ AMONG ALL ?OSE :O PR(ESS ,AN>*ISM1 AS WELL AS 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! G5]AL PROPAG&A1 & ( \R RELATIONS ) ! PUBLIC4 

,9 MY OP9ION1 !RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ! ,AN>*I/ ,IDEA1 D5Y+ GOV]NM5T1 IS BY ITS V]Y NATURE OPPOS$ TO VIOL5CE1 :I* IS ! ESS5CE ( EV]Y AU?ORIT>IAN SY/EM - ! MODE ( ACTION ( EV]Y GOV]NM5T4 

,AN>*Y IS FRE$OM 9 SOLID>ITY4 ,IT IS ONLY ?R\< ! H>MONIZ+ ( 9T]E/S1 ?R\< VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION1 ?R\< LOVE1 RESPECT1 & RECIPROCAL TOL]ANCE1 BY P]SUASION1 BY EXAMPLE1 & BY ! CONTAGION ( B5EVOL5CE1 ?AT IT CAN & \<T TO TRIUMPH4 

,WE >E ,AN>*I/S1 BECAUSE WE BELIEVE ?AT WE CAN NEV] A*IEVE ! COMB9$ WELL-BE+ ( ALL - :I* IS ! AIM ( ALL \R EF=TS - EXCEPT ?R\< A FREE UND]/&+ AMONG M51 & )\T =CIBLY IMPOS+ ! WILL ( ANY UPON ANY O!RS4 

,9 O!R P>TIES !RE >E C]TA9LY M5 :O >E AS S9C]E & AS DEVOT$ TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! PEOPLE AS ! BE/ ( US MAY BE4 ,BUT ?AT :I* *>ACT]IZES US ,AN>*I/S & DI/+UI%ES US FROM ALL O!RS IS ?AT WE DO NOT BELIEVE \RSELVES 9 POSSESSION ( ABSOLUTE TRU?2 WE DO NOT BELIEVE \RSELVES EI!R 9FALLIBLE1 OR OMNISCI5T1 - :I* IS ! IMPLICIT PRET5SION ( ALL LEGISLATORS & POLITICAL C&IDATES :ATEV]2 & CONSEQU5TLY WE DO NOT BELIEVE \RSELVES CALL$ = ! DIRECTION & TUTELAGE ( ! PEOPLE4 

,WE >E1 P> EXCELL5CE1 ! P>TY ( FRE$OM1 ! P>TY ( FREE DEVELOPM5T1 ! P>TY ( SOCIAL EXP]IM5TATION4 

,BUT AGA9/ ?IS V]Y FRE$OM :I* WE CLAIM = ALL1 AGA9/ ! POSSIBILITY ( ?IS EXP]IM5TAL SE>* AFT] BETT] =MS ( SOCIETY1 !RE >E ]ECT$ B>RI]S ( IRON4 ,LEGIONS ( SOLDI]S & POLICE >E READY TO MASSACRE & IMPRISON ANYONE :O WILL NOT MEEKLY SUBMIT TO ! LAWS :I* A H&FUL ( PRIVILEG$ P]SONS HAVE MADE 9 !IR [N 9T]E/S4 ,& EV5 IF SOLDI]S & POLICE DID NOT EXI/1 YET SO LONG AS ! ECONOMIC CON/ITUTION ( SOCIETY REMA9S :AT IT IS1 FRE$OM W\LD /ILL BE IMPOSSIBLE2 BECAUSE1 S9CE ALL ! MEANS ( LIFE >E UND] ! CONTROL ( A M9ORITY1 ! GREAT MASS ( MANK9D IS OBLIG$ TO LABOR = ! O!RS1 & !MSELVES WALL[ 9 POV]TY & DEGRADATION4 

,! FIR/ ?+ TO DO1 !RE=E1 IS TO GET RID ( ! >M$ =CE :I* DEF5DS EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS1 & BY MEANS ( ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! PRES5T HOLD]S1 TO PLACE ! L& & ! O!R MEANS ( PRODUCTION AT ! DISPOSAL ( EV]YBODY4 ,& ?IS CANNOT POSSIBLY BE DONE - 9 \R OP9ION - )\T ! EMPLOYM5T ( PHYSICAL =CE4 ,MOREOV]1 ! NATURAL DEVELOPM5T ( ECONOMIC ANTAGONISMS1 ! WAK+ CONSCI\SNESS ( AN IMPORTANT FRACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ! CON/ANTLY 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( UNEMPLOY$1 ! BL9D RESI/ANCE ( ! RUL+ CLASSES1 9 %ORT CONTEMPOR>Y EVOLUTION AS A :OLE1 IS CONDUCT+ US 9EVITABLY T[>DS ! \TBREAK ( A GREAT REVOLUTION1 :I* WILL OV]?R[ EV]Y?+ BY ITS VIOL5CE1 & ! =E-RUNN+ SIGNS ( :I* >E ALREADY VISIBLE4 ,?IS REVOLUTION WILL HAPP51 ) US OR )\T US2 & ! EXI/5CE ( A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY1 CONSCI\S ( ! 5D TO BE ATTA9$1 WILL S]VE TO GIVE A USEFUL DIRECTION TO ! VIOL5CE1 & TO MOD]ATE ITS EXCESSES BY ! 9FLU5CE ( A L(TY IDEAL4 

,?US IT IS ?AT WE >E REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 & )9 !SE LIMITS1 VIOL5CE IS NOT A CONTRADICTION ) ,AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES1 S9CE IT IS NOT ! RESULT ( \R FREE *OICE1 BUT IS IMPOS$ UPON US BY NECESSITY 9 ! DEF5SE ( UNRECOGNIZ$ HUMAN RI<TS :I* >E ?W>T$ BY BRUTE =CE4 

,I REPEAT H]E3 AS ,AN>*I/S1 WE CANNOT & WE DO NOT DESIRE TO EMPLOY VIOL5CE1 EXCEPT 9 ! DEF5SE ( \RSELVES & O!RS AGA9/ OPPRESSION4 ,BUT WE CLAIM ?IS RI<T ( DEF5SE - 5TIRE1 REAL1 & EFFICACI\S4 ,?AT IS1 WE WI% TO BE ABLE TO GO BEH9D ! MAT]IAL 9/RUM5T :I* W\NDS US1 & TO ATTACK ! H& :I* WIELDS ! 9/RUM5T1 & ! HEAD :I* DIRECTS IT4 ,& WE WI% TO *OOSE \R [N H\R & FIELD ( BATTLE1 SO AS TO ATTACK ! 5EMY UND] CONDITIONS AS FAVORABLE AS POSSIBLE3 :E!R IT BE :5 HE IS ACTUALLY ATTACK+ & PROVOK+ US1 OR AT TIMES :5 HE SLUMB]S1 & RELAXES HIS H&1 C\NT+ ON POPUL> SUBMISSION4 ,= AS A FACT1 ! B\RGEOISIE IS 9 A P]MAN5T /ATE ( W> AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT1 S9CE IT NEV] = ONE MOM5T CEASES TO EXPLOIT ! LATT]1 & GR9D IT D[N4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 AMONG ! ACTS :I* HAVE BE5 COMMITT$ 9 ! NAME ( ,AN>*Y1 !RE HAVE BE5 SOME1 :I*1 ?\< :OLLY LACK+ 9 ,AN>*I/ *>ACT]I/ICS1 HAVE BE5 WRONGLY CONF\ND$ ) O!R ACTS ( OBVI\SLY ,AN>*I/ 9SPIRATION4 

,= MY P>T1 ,I PROTE/ AGA9/ ?IS CONFUSION BETWE5 ACTS :OLLY DIFF]5T 9 MORAL VALUE1 AS WELL AS 9 PRACTICAL EFFECTS4 

,DESPITE ! EXCOMMUNICATION & 9SULTS ( C]TA9 PEOPLE1 ,I CONSID] IT AN ESS5TIAL PO9T TO DISCRIM9ATE BETWE5 ! H]OIC ACT ( A MAN :O CONSCI\SLY SACRIFICES HIS LIFE = ?AT :I* HE BELIEVES WILL DO GOOD1 & ! ALMO/ 9VOLUNT>Y ACT ( SOME UNHAPPY MAN :OM SOCIETY HAS R$UC$ TO DESPAIR1 OR ! SAVAGE ACT ( A MAN :O HAS BE5 DRIV5 A/RAY BY SUFF]+1 & HAS CAU<T ! CONTAGION ( ?IS CIVILIZ$ SAVAG]Y :I* SURR\NDS US ALL2 BETWE5 ! 9TELLIG5T ACT ( A MAN :O1 BE=E ACT+1 WEI<S ! PROBABLE GOOD OR EVIL ?AT MAY RESULT = HIS CAUSE1 & ! ?\<TLESS ACT ( ! MAN :O /RIKES AT R&OM2 BETWE5 ! G5]\S ACT ( ONE :O EXPOSES HIMSELF TO DANG] 9 ORD] TO SP>E SUFF]+ TO HIS FELL[S1 & ! B\RGEOIS ACT ( ONE :O BR+S SUFF]+ UPON O!RS = HIS [N ADVANTAGE2 BETWE5 ! AN>*I/ ACT ( ONE :O DESIRES TO DE/ROY ! OB/ACLES ?AT /& 9 ! WAY ( ! RECON/ITUTION ( SOCIETY ON A BASIS ( FREE AGREEM5T ( ALL1 & ! AU?ORIT>IAN ACT ( ! MAN :O 9T5DS TO PUNI% ! CR[D = ITS /UPIDITY1 TO T]RORIZE IT 7:I* MAKES IT /ILL MORE /UPID7 & TO IMPOSE HIS [N IDEAS UPON IT4 

,MO/ ASSUR$LY ! B\RGEOISIE HAS NO RI<T TO COMPLA9 ( ! VIOL5CE ( ITS FOES1 S9CE ITS :OLE HI/ORY1 AS A CLASS1 IS A HI/ORY ( BLOOD%$1 & S9CE ! SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION1 :I* IS ! LAW ( ITS LIFE1 DAILY PRODUCES HECATOMBS ( 9NOC5TS4 ,ASSUR$LY1 TOO1 IT IS NOT POLITICAL P>TIES :O %\LD COMPLA9 ( VIOL5CE1 = !SE >E1 ON & ALL1 R$-H&$ ) BLOOD SPILL$ UNNECESS>ILY1 & :OLLY 9 !IR [N 9T]E/2 !SE1 :O HAVE BR\<T UP ! Y\NG1 G5]ATION AFT] G5]ATION1 9 ! CULT ( =CE TRIUMPHANT2 !SE1 :O :5 !Y >E NOT ACTUAL APOLOGI/S ( ! ,9QUISITION1 >E YET 5?USIA/IC ADMIR]S ( ?AT ,R$ ,T]ROR1 :I* *ECK$ ! SPL5DID REVOLUTION>Y IMPULSE AT ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY1 & PREP>$ ! WAY = ! ,EMPIRE1 = ! ,RE/ORATION1 & ! ,:ITE ,T]ROR4 

,! FIT ( MILDNESS :I* HAS COME OV] C]TA9 ( ! B\RGEOIS1 N[ ?AT !IR LIVES & !IR PURSES >E M5AC$1 IS1 9 \R OP9ION1 EXTREMELY UNTRU/WOR?Y4 ,BUT IT IS NOT = US TO REGULATE \R CONDUCT BY ! AM\NT ( PLEASURE OR VEXATION :I* IT MAY OCCASION ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,WE HAVE TO CONDUCT \RSELVES ACCORD+ TO \R PR9CIPLES2 & ! 9T]E/ ( \R CAUSE1 :I* 9 \R VIEW IS ! CAUSE ( ALL HUMANITY4 

,S9CE HI/ORICAL ANTEC$5TS HAVE DRIV5 US TO ! NECESSITY ( VIOL5CE1 LET US EMPLOY VIOL5CE2 BUT LET US NEV] =GET ?AT IT IS A CASE ( H>D NECESSITY1 & 9 ITS ESS5CE CONTR>Y TO \R ASPIRATIONS4 ,LET US NOT =GET ?AT ALL HI/ORY WITNESSES TO ! DI/RESS+ FACT - :5EV] RESI/ANCE TO OPPRESSION HAS BE5 VICTORI\S IT HAS ALWAYS 5G5D]$ NEW OPPRESSION1 & IT W>NS US ?AT IT MU/ EV] BE SO UNTIL ! BLOODY TRADITION ( ! PA/ BE = EV] BROK5 )1 & VIOL5CE BE LIMIT$ TO ! /RICTE/ NECESSITY4 

,VIOL5CE BEGETS VIOL5CE2 & AU?ORIT>IANISM BEGETS OPPRESSION & SLAV]Y4 ,! GOOD 9T5TIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS CAN 9 NO WAY AFFECT ?IS SEQU5CE4 ,! FANATIC :O TELLS HIMSELF ?AT HE WILL SAVE PEOPLE BY =CE1 & 9 HIS [N MANN]1 IS ALWAYS A S9C]E MAN1 BUT A T]RIBLE AG5T ( OPPRESSION & REACTION4 ,ROBESPI]RE1 ) HORRIBLE GOOD FAI? & HIS CONSCI5CE PURE & CRUEL1 WAS JU/ AS FATAL = ! ,REVOLUTION AS ! P]SONAL AMBITION ( ,BONAP>TE4 ,! >D5T ZEAL ( ,TORQUEMADA = ! SALVATION ( S\LS DID MU* MORE H>M TO FRE$OM ( ?\<T & TO ! PROGRESS ( ! HUMAN M9D ?AN ! SKEPTICISM & CORRUPTION ( ,LEO ,X & HIS C\RT4 

,!ORIES1 DECL>ATIONS ( PR9CIPLE1 OR MAGNANIM\S WORDS CAN DO NO?+ AGA9/ ! NATURAL FILIATION ( FACTS4 ,MANY M>TYRS HAVE DI$ = FRE$OM1 MANY BATTLES HAVE BE5 F\<T & WON 9 ! NAME ( ! WELF>E ( ALL MANK9D1 & YET ! FRE$OM HAS TURN$ \T AFT] ALL TO MEAN NO?+ BUT ! UNLIMIT$ OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION ( ! POOR BY ! RI*4 

,! ,AN>*I/ IDEA IS NO MORE SECUR$ FROM CORRUPTION ?AN ! ,LIB]AL IDEA HAS PROV$ TO BE1 YET ! BEG9N+S ( CORRUPTION MAY BE ALREADY OBS]V$ IF WE NOTE ! CONTEMPT = ! MASSES :I* IS EXHIBIT$ BY C]TA9 ,AN>*I/S1 !IR 9TOL]ANCE1 & !IR DESIRE TO SPREAD T]ROR >\ND !M4 

,AN>*I/S6 LET US SAVE ,AN>*Y6 ,\R DOCTR9E IS A DOCTR9E ( LOVE4 ,WE CANNOT1 & WE \<T NOT TO BE EI!R AV5G]S1 NOR DISP5S]S ( JU/ICE4 ,\R TASK1 \R AMBITION1 \R IDEAL IS TO BE DELIV]]S4 

7,S\RCE3 ,P>TS #a & #b1 ,LIB]TY 7,LONDON71 ,VOL4 #a1 ,NO4 #i 7,SEPTEMB] #a#h#i#d7 & ,NO4 #a 7,OCTOB] #a#h#i#d747 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahic 3 ,AN>*Y & ,VIOL5CE -- ,PUBLICATION4 
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