,AN>*Y & ORGANISATION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK] 

,TEXT 3 

,=EWORD 

,?IS $ITION ( ,RUDOLF ,ROCK]'S BOOK FUNDAM5TALLY SEEKS TO3 

,5D ! MY?1 BAS$ ON ACTUAL EV5TS1 ?AT ,AN>*ISM AS A POLITICAL !ORY OPPOSES ANY =M ( ORGANIZATION2 

,PROVIDE KN[L$GE ( ! G5]AL HI/ORY ( A P]IOD 9 ,G]MAN ,AN>*ISM4 

,WE *OSE ?IS ESSAY BECAUSE ! AU?OR'S P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,G]MAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ALL[S HIM TO TREAT IT ) A CRITICAL VIEW4 ,FUR!RMORE HIS MILITANCY 9 ! 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ =UM E/ABLI%ES CR$IBILITY 9 HIS ANALYSIS ( ! ORGANIZATION SUBJECT4 

,AS ?IS WORK WAS WRITT5 9 ! #a#i#b'S1 IT FALLS ON US TO TRY TO MOD]NIZE HIS MA9 IDEAS1 :I* >E3 

,9 ! PLAN ( ! 9T]NATIONAL !ORETICAL-PRACTICAL DEVELOPM5T1 ! CLASSICAL AN>*I/ AU?ORS1 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON1 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 & ,PIOTR ,KROPOTK91 DON'T E/ABLI% ANY ANTI-ORGANIZATION !ORY4 

,9 ! PLAN = ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,G]MAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ! LACK ( AN>*I/ POLITICAL PREP>ATION FROM C]TA9 MILITANT SECTOR ANNULL$ ! COMPLET$ COMPREH5SION ( ! SPECIFICALLY AN>*I/ OBJECTIVES GIV+ WAY TO ! WORDS AN>*ISM1 AN>*I/ & AN>*Y1 BE+ GRADUALLY DI/ANC$ FROM !IR ORIG9AL MEAN+4 ,REA*+ ! EXTREME ( BE+ 9T]PRET$ 9 ! SAME WAY AS ! B\RGEOISIE 9T]PRETS !M4 

,9 ! 0DISCOV]Y0 BY ,J4 ,MACKAY ( ! WRIT+S ( ,JOHAN ,GASP> ,S*MIDT 7BETT] KN[N AS ,MAX ,/IRN]71 ! LEVEL ( 9CONSI/5CIES ?AT !SE 9C5TIVIZ$ 9 A SECTOR ( BO? ! ,G]MAN & 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 CULM9AT$ 9 ! ABSOLUTE D5IAL ( ANY ORGANIZATIONAL 9T5TIONS4 

,OV] ! FIR/ PO9T !RE'S A LOT TO TAKE1 BUT ?AT DOES NOT CORRESPOND TO ! OBJECTIVES TO :I* WE PROPOS$ \RSELVES S9CE ! ORGANIZATIONAL ALT]NATIVES PROVID$ BY ! CLASSICAL & NON-CLASSICAL WRIT]S >E NUM]\S4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 IT'S NECESS>Y TO RAISE A CRITIC ( ,ROCK]'S ANALYSIS ( ! DISORGANIZATION ( ! ,G]MAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,HE EXPOSES ! REALITY ( ! VIEWS & ACTIONS ( C]TA9 GR\PS :O CONT9UALLY REFUS$ TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9 ! BOSOM ( ! ,G]MAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION1 BUT FAILS TO 9DICATE1 SITUATE & EXPLA9 :51 :]E & :Y ! A=EM5TION$ F$]ATION ORIG9AT$4 ,?AT IS1 HE DOESN'T EXPLA9 :I* NE$S IT WAS RESPOND+ TO1 IF IT WAS EFFECTIVELY AN ORGANISM OR SIMPLY A444 CADAV]4 ,( ! P>TIES 9VOLV$ 9 ! SUPPOS$ CONFLICT1 F$]ATION & ANTI-F$]ATION GR\PS1 HE PUTS TO JUDGM5T ! ATTITUDE ( ! ANTI-F$]ATION GR\P4 ,BUT DOES NOT TACKLE1 & FROM H]E COMES \R CRITIC1 ! !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL POSITIONS ( ! MEMB]S ( ! F$]ATION4 

,SUMM>IZ+1 ACCORD+ TO ,ROCK]1 ! RESPONSIBILITY = AN>*ISM NOT PROGRESS+ 9 ! TIME FALLS ON ! HO/ILE ATTITUDE ( ! SUPPOS$ ANTI-ORGANIZATION4 ,:5 9 REALITY1 & IF WE SEE ?IS OBJECTIVELY1 ?AT RESPONSIBILITY %\LD BE PUT ON ! ,G4,A4,F41 S9CE IT WAS ! ,F$]ATION :O WAS DIRECTLY 9T]E/$ 9 ORGANIZ+ ! DIV]SE AN>*I/ GR\PS4 ,AS SU* ! RESPONSIBILITY FELL SOLELY TO ! ,F$]ATION TO SEEK A WAY TO A*IEVE ?IS1 & NOT TO ! ANTI-ORGANIZ]S4 

,ON ! SECOND PO9T1 WE ?9K ?AT ?IS PROBLEM IS MU* MORE PRON\NC$ N[ ?AN IT WAS !N4 ,SEV]AL CAUSES HAVE G5]AT$ &1 9 \R OP9ION1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT ONES >E3 

,! LACK ( SPREAD+1 AT A G5]AL LEVEL1 ( ! AN>*I/ ALT]NATIVES & APPROA*ES ?R\< BOOKS1 PAMPHLETS1 P]IODICALS1 MAGAZ9ES1 COMICS1 ETC4 

,AS A CONSEQU5CE1 !RE'S A %UTT+ (F ( ! GR\PS FROM ! \TSIDE :I* BR+S AB\T /AGNATION BO? AT A CULTURAL & POLITICAL LEVEL1 9 TURN LEAD+ TO A LACK ( IMAG9ATION1 9VE/IGATION1 CREATION1 ANALYSIS & OP9ION4 ,FROM ?AT ! MO/ A/ONI%+ MON/] ( IDEOLOGY RESULT$1 FANATICISM4 ,?IS IS ANTAGONIC TO ! AN>*I/ PLANS4 ,FANATICISM & ,AN>*ISM >E DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ POLES4 

,! LACK ( APPRECIATION AMONG ! ADH]5TS ( AN>*ISM ( !IR [N WORK & ?AT ( O!R AN>*I/S1 ALL ! :ILE ANY \TSIDE ACTION OR DECL>ATION1 DI/ANT FROM AN>*ISM BY ITS [N ACTIONS1 IS PR(\NDLY COMM5T$ & DISCUSS$ BY !SE SAME AN>*I/S4 ,IT SEEMS AS IF ONE SE>*ES1 MAYBE UNCONSCI\SLY1 7H]7HIMSELF 9 ?AT :I* IS \TSIDE ( HIM7H]74 ,! FEW AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS ) A P]IODICAL *>ACT]1 MA9LY SURVIVE DUE TO ! CON/ANT EF=T ( LITTLE1 SOMETIMES M9USCULE1 GR\PS ( PEOPLE & NOT ACTUAL SUPPORT FROM ! AN>*I/ COMMUNITY 9 G5]AL4 ,!RE'S NO D\BT ?AT ! ORIG9 = SU* ATTITUDES IS ! DEFEATI/ S5TIM5T ?AT'S PRES5T4 ,?AT :O CONSID]S HIMSELF ADH]5T TO AN>*ISM IDEOLOGY & DOESN'T 9T5T TO DO NO?+ 9 FAVOR ( ! ALT]NATIVES ( ! IDEOLOGY1 IS BR++ ) ?IS ATTITUDE FUTURE DEFEAT4 

,! PRODUCT ( ! A=EM5TION$ IS CON/ITUT$ BY A LACK ( CONSI/5CY 9 ANY ACTIVITY4 ,IT />TS ) AN OV]ALL 5?USIASM & DET]M9ATION )\T A MAT*1 BUT AFT] A %ORT AM\NT ( TIME !SE DISSIPATE ) SURPRIS+ SPE$4 ,! FATIGUE SETS 9 & ! LITTLE OR BIG AM\NT ( WORK P]=M$ IS WA/$1 NOT TO M5TION ?AT ! TIME SP5T DUR+ ! PROCESS WAS WA/$ TOO1 :I* IS LAM5TABLE4 ,?IS IMMATURITY1 ?IS 9CONSI/5CY1 9 :AT IS C>RI$ \T1 HAS BE5 = ! LA/ TWO DECADES A COMMON D5OM9ATOR 9 AN>*I/ CIRCLES4 

,ON ! ?IRD PO9T1 ! RESURG5CE ( ,/IRNIAN POSITIONS1 WE ?9K ?AT ?IS PH5OM5ON HAS RETURN$1 ) SEV]AL CAUSES TO IT4 ,IT'S OBVI\S ?AT ! WORK ( ,M>X ,/IRN] ,! ,EGO & ITS ,[N 7,D] ,E9ZIGE UND SE9 ,EIG5TUM71 IS ALMO/ A JOLT = EV]Y Y\NG1 ADOLESC5T ALMO/1 READ] ?AT SE>*ES DILIG5TLY ! IDEOLOGICAL SPECTRUM TO JU/IFY !IR PRES5CE 9 ! WORLD4 ,& = ?IS WORK TO F9D A GR\P ( FOLL[]S !RE NE$S TO BE AN ADEQUATE ATMOSPH]E1 :OSE BASES1 9 \R OP9ION1 >E ! FOLL[+ ELEM5TS3 

,URBAN C5T]S ( SU* PROPORTION ?AT !Y =M A DAM TO 9T]-9DIVIDUAL COMMUNICATION2 

,OV]CR[D+ ( SU* 9HUMAN PROPORTIONS ?AT IT M9IMIZES1 OR DE/ROYS1 ! VALUE ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 PRACTICALLY R$UC+ !M TO NO?+2 

,URBAN >*ITECTURE DESIGN$ SO IRRATIONALLY1 ?AT !Y >E A DAILY ?REAT TO 9DIVIDUAL 9TEGRITY4 

,:ILE SU* 5VIRONM5TAL *>ACT]I/ICS EXI/1 ! FIELD WILL BE F]TILE 5\< = ,/IRNIAN CROPS TO BLOOM4 ,& IF ?IS PROBLEM IS NOT RESOLV$1 IF WE DON'T RESOLVE IT1 !RE WILL REMA9 PL5TY ( ! NEGATIVE *>ACT]I/ICS :I* IT LEADS TO4 ,:ILE ! ATOMIZATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL IS ! CON/ANT1 :ILE HUMONG\S BUILD+S POPULATE ! CITIES1 :ILE AV5UES >E DESIGN$ = MA*9ES1 :ILE COLLECTIVE TRANSPORTATION IS DESIGN$ = CATTLE & NOT HUMAN BE+S1 ANTI-SOCIAL_/ANTI-COMMUNIT>IAN ACTIONS WILL C]TA9LY REMA9 PRES5T1 EXPRESS$ ) ! BITT] ANG/ %[N ?R\<\T ,/IRN]'S WORK4 ,!Y WILL KEEP SIGNAL+ ?R\< !IR [N IRRATIONALITY ! IRRATIONALITY ( !IR 5VIRONM5T1 & ?AT NEW ,FRANK5/E9'S MON/]1 ?AT T]RIBLE ,HORLA WILL CURSE HIS [N CREATOR & WILL BE PRES5T 9 HIS CREATORS HAPPIE/ MOM5T - PROPHETIC ,%ELLEYNIAN W>N+ - ! FLAW$ & ABHORR5T AU?ORIT>IAN WAY4 

,LET'S HOPE ?AT ?IS WORK IS USEFUL1 BY AS LITTLE AS IT MAY BE1 TO TRY TO OV]COME ! ID5TIFI$ FLAWS1 & ?AT ) SELF-CRITICS & OBJECTIVE >GUM5TS WE CAN F9D ! BREADCRUMB PA? ?AT WILL 5ABLE US TO LEAVE ?IS T]RIBLE MAZE 9 :I* WE APP>5TLY F9D \RSELVES4 

,*APT] #a 

,IT IS NOT SATISFACTORY ?AT )9 AN>*I/ CIRCLES IT HASN'T BE5 POSSIBLE TO CLE> ?IS QUE/ION1 DUE TO ITS IMPORTANCE = ! PRES5T AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & ITS FUTURE DEVELOPM5T4 ,H]E 9 ,G]MANY1 IS :]E ! P]SPECTIVES ON ! QUE/ION >E ! MO/ 9TRICATE4 ,NATURALLY ! SPECIAL CONDITIONS ON :I* MOD]N AN>*ISM HAS DEVELOP$ H]E IS L>GELY CULPABLE = ! SITUATION ( TODAY4 ,A FRACTION ( ! AN>*I/S 9 ,G]MANY REFUSES1 AS A PR9CIPLE1 ANY K9D ( ORGANIZATION ) C]TA9 CODES ( CONDUCT & >GUES ?AT ! EXI/5CE ( SU* ORGANISMS IS 9 OPPOSITION TO AN>*I/ IDEOLOGY4 ,O!RS RECOGNIZE ! NE$ = SMALL GR\PS1 BUT REFUSE ANY UNION BETWE5 !M1 AS ?9 AS IT MAY BE4 ,91 = 9/ANCE1 ! ,G]MAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION'S FUSION ( =CES !Y SEE A RE/RICTION UPON 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM & AN AU?ORIT>IAN TUTELAGE BY A FEW4 ,WE >GUE ?AT !SE PO9TS ( VIEW COME FROM A COMPLETE CONFUSION ( ! ORIG9 ( ! QUE/ION1 A COMPLETE LACK ( KN[L$GE ( :AT ONE MEANS BY ,AN>*ISM4 

,EV5 IF 9 ,AN>*ISM'S CONSID]ATIONS ( ! DIV]SE SOCIAL =MATIONS & IDEOLOGICAL CURR5TS IT ORIG9ATES FROM ! 9DIVIDUAL1 IT IS /ILL A SOCIAL !ORY ?AT HAS AUTONOM\SLY DEVELOP$ ) COMMUNITIES AS ! C5T]4 ,MAN IS ABOVE ALL A SOCIAL CREATION1 ON :I* ! 5TIRE SPECIES WORKS1 SL[LY BUT )\T 9T]RUPTION1 & ?AT CON/ANTLY TAKES NEW 5]GIES CELEBRAT+ EA* SECOND ( ITS RESURRECTION4 ,MAN IS ! HEIR ( SOCIAL COEXI/5CE1 NOT ! DISCOV]]4 ,! SOCIAL 9/9CT WAS RECEIV$ FROM ANIMAL ANCE/ORS :5 PASS+ ! GATEWAY T[>DS HUMANITY4 ,)\T SOCIETY ,MAN IS 9CONCEIVABLE1 S9CE LIFE & /RUGGLE HAS ALWAYS BE5 )9 SOCIETY4 ,SOCIAL COEXI/5CE IS ! PRECONDITION & MO/ ESS5TIAL P>T ( 9DIVIDUAL EXI/5CE & IT'S ALSO ! />T+ %APE ( ALL ORGANIZATION4 

,MAYBE ! /R5G? ( TRADITIONAL RELATION%IPS ?AT WE OBS]VE 9 ! MAJORITY ( HUMANITY IS JU/ A MANIFE/ATION ( ?IS DEEP SOCIAL 9/9CT4 ,AS ,MAN LACKS ! CONDITIONS TO EXACTLY 9T]PRET :AT IS NEW1 HIS FANTASY IS ( ! DISSOLUTION ( ALL HUMAN RELATIONS & FE>+ TO DR[N 9 ! SUBSEQU5T *AOS1 HE COMPULSIVELY SU/A9S HIMSELF )9 ! HI/ORICAL TRADITIONAL MOLDS4 ,IT IS SURELY ONE ( ! ]RORS ( COEXI/5CE1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME IT %[S US H[ SOCIAL IMPULSES >E CONNECT$ TO ! LIFE ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL4 ,?AT :O IGNORES OR DOESN'T ACCEPT ?IS IRREFUTABLE *>ACT]I/IC WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO UND]/& ) CL>ITY ! IMPULSIVE =CES ( HUMAN EVOLUTION4 

,! =MS ( HUMAN COEXI/5CE >5'T ALWAYS ! SAME4 ,!Y TRANS=M ?R\<-\T ,HI/ORY1 BUT SOCIETY REMA9S & WORKS TIRELESSLY OV] ! LIVES ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,?OSE :O >E US$ TO ALWAYS OP]AT+ )9 AB/RACT REPRES5TATIONS - T[>DS :I* ,G]MAN PEOPLE HAVE A C]TA9 9CL9ATION - W\LD EV5TUALLY EXTRACT ! 9DIVIDUAL FROM !SE RELATION%IPS ?AT TIE HIM TO SOCIETY1 ! RESULT ( ?IS W\LD NOT BE A HUMAN1 BUT A C>ICATURE1 A PALE & FLE%LESS RELATIVE ?AT W\LD ONLY HAVE A SPECTRAL LIFE 9 ! NEBUL\S WORLD ( ! AB/RACT1 & ?AT HAS NEV] EXI/$ 9 ! REAL WORLD4 ,! RESULT W\LD ! SAME ( ! M]*ANT :O TRI$ TO MAKE HIS DONKEY LOSE ! HABIT ( EAT+ & ?AT :5 IT DI$ YELL$ ) DESPAIR3 0,SU* A %AME6 ,IF HE HAD LIV$ JU/ A C\PLE MORE DAYS1 WE W\LD HAVE MANAG$ TO LIVE )\T EAT+60 

,! GREAT !ORETICIANS ( MOD]N AN>*ISM1 ,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK91 ALWAYS HI<LI<T$ ! SOCIAL BASE ( AN>*I/ !ORY1 US+ IT AS ! />T+ PO9T = !IR CONSID]ATIONS4 ,!Y BATTL$ ! ,/ATE1 NOT ONLY DUE TO IT BE+ ! DEF5D] ( MONOPOLY & SOCIAL CONTRA/S1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE IT IS ! GREATE/ OB/ACLE = ALL NATURAL ORGANIZATION ?AT DEVELOPS 9 ! HE>T ( ! PEOPLE1 FROM BEL[ TO ! TOP1 & ?AT T5DS TO DEF5D ! 9T]E/S ( ! :OLE FROM ! MULTITUDE ( AGGRESSION C>RI$ \T AGA9/ !M4 ,! ,/ATE1 ! VIOL5T POLITICAL APP>ATUS ( ! PRIVILEG$ M9ORITY ( SOCIETY1 :OSE MISSION IS TO =CE ON ! MAJORITY ! BURD5 ( ! EMPLOY]'S EXPLOITATION & SPIRITUAL TUTELAGE1 IS ! WOR/ 5EMY ( ALL NATURAL RELATIONS ( HUMAN BE+S & IT WILL ALWAYS 5SURE ?AT SU* RELATIONS WILL ONLY HAPP5 ) ! 9T]V5TION ( (FICIAL REPRES5TATIVES4 ,IT CONSID]S ITSELF ! [N] ( ,HUMANITY & CANNOT ALL[ =EIGN =CES TO M$DLE 9 ITS PR(ESSION4 

,?AT IS :Y ! HI/ORY ( ! ,/ATE IS ! HI/ORY ( MANK9D'S SLAV]Y4 ,ONLY ) ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,/ATE IS ! ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION ( ! PEOPLE POSSIBLE & ITS ONLY TASK CAN BE SYN!SIZ$ TO ! DEF5SE ( SU* EXPLOITATION4 ,IT'S ! MORTAL 5EMY ( ALL NATURAL LIB]TY & SOLID>ITY - ! TWO NOBLE/ RESULTS ( SOCIAL COEXI/5CE & ?AT OBVI\SLY CONSI/ ( ! SAME ?+ - BY ATTEMPT+1 BY ALL K9DS ( LEGAL ME?ODS1 TO RE/RICT OR AT LEA/ P>ALYZE ALL DIRECT 9ITIATIVE ( ITS CITIZ5S & ALL NATURAL FUSION ( HUMANS ) ! GOAL ( ! DEF5SE ( G5]AL 9T]E/S4 ,PR\DHON HAD ALREADY FIGUR$ IT \T & 9 ,CONFESSION D'UN ,REVOLUTIONNAIRE MADE ! FOLL[+ A/UTE OBS]VATION3 

,FROM ! ,SOCIAL PO9T ( VIEW1 ,LIB]TY & ,SOLID>ITY >E TWO ID5TICAL CONCEPTS4 ,AS ! LIB]TY ( EA*1 IS NOT A B>RI] TO ! LIB]TY ( O!RS1 AS /AT$ 9 ! ,DECL>ATION ( ! ,RI<TS ( ,MAN & ,CITIZ5 ( #a#g#i#c4 ,IT IS A SUPPORT = IT1 ! MO/ FREE ( PEOPLE IS ! ONE ?AT HAS ! MO/ RELATIONS ) HIS FELL[ MAN4 

,AN>*ISM1 ! ET]NAL OPPOSITE ( SCI5TIFICAL1 POLITICAL & SOCIAL ,MONOPOLIES1 BATTLES ! MONOPOLY PROTECTOR & F]OCI\S 5EMY ( DIRECT & 9DIRECT HUMAN RELATIONS1 ! ,/ATE1 BUT WAS NEV] ! 5EMY ( ORGANIZATION4 ,QUITE ! OPPOSITE1 ONE ( ! GREATE/ ACCUSATIONS AGA9/ ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS IS ?AT IT IS ! BIGGE/ OB/ACLE TO EFFECTIVE ORGANIZ+ BAS$ ON ! EQUALITY ( 9T]E/S = ALL4 ,! GREAT SUPPORT]S ( ! UNIV]SAL AN>*I/ CONCEPTION1 CLE>LY UND]/OOD ?AT ! MORE OPPOS$ 9T]E/$ EXI/ 9 ! SOCIAL /RUCTURES1 ! LESS HUMANS >E CONNECT$ TO EA* O!R & ! BIGG] IS ! LEVEL ( P]SONAL FRE$OM = ! 9DIVIDUAL )9 ! COLLECTIVITY ( SOCIETY4 ,?AT'S :Y !Y SAW 9 ,AN>*ISM A SOCIAL /ATE 9 :I* 9DIVIDUAL DESIRES & ! NE$S ( HUMANS SURPASS !IR SOCIAL S5TIM5TS & >E MORE OR LESS ID5TICAL TO !M4 ,9 MUTUALISM !Y WILL PROVIDE AN EFFECTIVE /IMULUS = ALL SOCIAL EVOLUTION & ! NATURAL EXPRESSION ( G5]AL 9T]E/S4 ,= ?IS REASON !Y REFUS$ ! CO]CIVE LAW AS A WAY = RELATION%IPS & DEVELOP$ ! IDEA ( ! FREE ACCORD AS BASIS = ALL SOCIAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION4 ,! PR$OM9ANCE ( LAWS IS ALWAYS ! PR$OM9ANCE ( ! PRIVILEG$ OV] ! MAJORITY ?AT IS EXCLUD$ FROM ! PR]OGATIVES & UND] ITS MASK ( EV5$ \T RI<TS IT'S A SYMBOL ( BRUTAL VIOL5CE4 

,PEOPLE >E CONNECT$ BY COMMON 9T]E/S ?AT CREATE COMMON T5D5CIES1 UND] :I* FREE ACCORDS S]VE !M AS CODES ( CONDUCT4 ,A CONV5TION BETWE5 EQUALS IS ! MORAL F\NDATION = ALL TRUE ORGANIZATION1 ALL O!R =MS ( HUMAN GR\P+ >E VIOL5T & )\T PR]OGATIVES4 ,?AT WAS H[ ,PR\DHON UND]/OOD ! IDEA ( ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( HUMANITY2 HE EXPRESSES ?IS 9 HIS GREAT WORK ,IDEE G5]ALE DE LA ,REVOLUTION DU ,X,I,X SIECLE1 9 ! FOLL[+3 

,9 PLACE ( LAWS1 WE WILL USE AGREEM5TS4 ,NO MORE LAWS VOT$ BY A CONS5T+ MAJORITY1 EA* CITIZ51 EA* T[N1 EA* 9DU/RIAL UNION1 MAKE !IR [N LAWS4 ,9 PLACE ( POLITICAL P[]S1 WE WILL USE ECONOMIC =CES4 ,9 PLACE ( ! ANCI5T CLASSES ( CITIZ5S1 NOBLES1 B\RGEOIS & PROLET>IANS WE WILL USE ! G5]AL TITLES & SPECIALIZATION ( !IR FUNCTION3 ,AGRICULTURE1 ,MANUFACTURE1 ,COMM]CE1 ETC4 ,9 PLACE ( PUBLIC =CE1 !RE WILL BE COLLECTIVE =CE4 ,9 PLACE ( P]MAN5T >MIES1 WE WILL USE 9DU/RIAL ASSOCIATIONS4 ,9 PLACE ( POLICE1 WE WILL USE EQUALITY ( 9T]E/S4 ,9 PLACE ( POLITICAL C5TRALIZATION1 WE WILL C5TRALIZE ECONOMY4 ,DO Y\ SEE N[ H[ !RE CAN BE ORD] )\T EMPLOY]S1 A PR(\ND 9TELLECTUAL UNITY8 ,Y\1 :O CANNOT CONCEIVE UNITY )\T A :OLE APP>ATUS ( LEGISLATORS1 PROSECUTORS & ATTORNEYS-G5]AL1 Y\ HAVE NEV] KN[N :AT UNITY IS4 ,:AT Y\ CALL UNITY & C5TRALIZATION IS NO?+ BUT P]PETUAL *AOS1 S]V+ AS A P$E/AL = A REAL SITUATION ?AT HAS NO O!R GOAL ?AN AN>*Y 7NATURALLY ,PR\DHON IS US+ ! WORD AN>*Y 9 ITS POPUL> & FALSE 9T]PRETATION AS DISORD]7 ( ! SOCIAL =CES1 ( :I* Y\ MADE A BASE = A DESPOTISM :I* C\LD EXI/ )\T SU* AN>*Y4 

,A SIMIL> IDEOLOGICAL NOTION WAS DEVELOP$ FREQU5TLY 9 ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S & PUBLICATIONS4 ,I ONLY RECALL HIS CONCLUSIONS 9 ! FIR/ ,CONGRESS ( ! ,LEAGUE ( ,PEACE & ,LIB]TY 9 #ahfg 9 ,G5EBRA4 ,( ,KROPOTK9 WE WILL NOT SPEAK 9 ?IS PIECE1 AS HIS MA9S WORKS >E WELL KN[N BY ALL4 ,WE WILL JU/ PO9T \T ?AT ! ADMIRABLE BOOK ,MUTUAL ,AID1 9 :I* HE /UDIES ! HI/ORY ( HUMAN ORGANIZATIONS UNTIL ! MO/ REMOTE TIMES PROCLAIM+ SOLID>ITY1 ! MO/ WOND]FUL ( RESULTS ( SOCIAL COEXI/5CE1 AS ! BIGGE/ & MO/ IMPORTANT FACTOR ( ! EVOLUTION ( SOCIAL LIFE4 

,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK9 W]E NOT AMORAL1 UNLIKE SOME L\D WI%Y-WA%Y ,NIETZS*E FANS FROM ,G]MANY :O CALL !MSELVES AN>*I/S & :I* >E QUITE HONE/ ON H[ !Y CONSID] !MSELVES SUP]-HUMANS4 ,!Y HAV5'T CON/RUCT$ A LORD & SLAVE MORAL FROM :I* ALL K9D ( CONCLUSIONS CAN BE TAK54 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y HAVE PREOCCUPI$ !MSELVES ) F9D+ ! ORIG9 ( MORAL FEEL+S 9 ,MAN & SUBSEQU5TLY DISCOV]$ IT 9 SOCIAL COEXI/5CE4 ,F> FROM GIV+ MORAL A RELIGI\S & METAPHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE1 !Y SAW ?AT MORAL FEEL+S >E ! NATURAL EXPRESSION ( SOCIAL EXI/5CE ?AT SL[LY CRY/ALLIZ$ 9TO C]TA9 CONDUCTS & BEHAVIORS & ?AT S]V$ AS A P$E/AL = ALL =MS ( ORGANIZATION ?AT COME FROM ! PEOPLE4 ,?IS WAS OBS]V$ ) CL>ITY BY ,BAKUN9 & EV5 MORE PR(\NDLY BY ,KROPOTK91 :O OCCUPI$ HIMSELF UNTIL ! 5D ( HIS DAYS ) ?IS QUE/ION & PROVID$ US ) ! RESULTS ( HIS 9VE/IGATIONS 9 A SPECIAL PIECE1 ?AT SO F> HAS ONLY HAD A FEW *APT]S PUBLI%$.<#a.>4 ,C]TA9LY BECAUSE !Y OBS]V$ ! SOCIAL ORIG9 ( ! MORAL IS :Y !Y W]E SU* VOCAL PROPHETS ( A SOCIAL JU/ICE ?AT F9DS ITS EXPRESSION COMPLEM5T$ ) ! ET]NAL COMBAT ( ! HUMAN BE+ T[>DS 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM & ECONOMIC EQUALITY4 

,! MAJORITY ( ! C\NTLESS B\RGEOIS & /ATE SOCIALI/S ?AT SO F> HAVE OCCUPI$ !MSELVES ) ! CRITIC ( ,AN>*ISM1 HAV5'T NOT$ ! DEEP *>ACT] ( ! BASIC AN>*I/ DOCTR9E - ,WILHELM ,LIEBKNE*T1 ,PLEKAN(F & SEV]AL O!RS DID ?IS ON PURPOSE - BECAUSE IT'S ! ONLY WAY TO EXPLA9 ! >TIFICIAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,SOCIALISM & ,AN>*ISM1 AN ABSURD & UNF\ND$ DIFF]5CE1 ?AT !Y SEEK TO %[4 ,= !IR CLASSIFICATION !Y HAVE MO/LY BAS$ !IR WORK ON ,/IRN]1 )\T CONSID]+ ?AT HIS G5IUS PIECE DIDN'T HAVE ! SLI<TE/ 9FLU5CE 9 ! ORIG9 & EVOLUTION ( ! TRUE AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & ?AT AT MO/ ,/IRN] CAN BE CONSID]$1 AS ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ ,LUIS ,FABBRI A/UTELY OBS]V$1 ONE ( ! MO/ DI/ANT PRECURSORS & ANCE/OR ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,/IRN]'S PIECE ,! ,EGO & ,ITS ,[N APPE>$ 9 #ahde & PASS$ BY UNNOTIC$4 ,N9ETY N9E P]C5T ( AN>*I/S HADN'T EV] HE>D ( ! ,G]MAN PHILOSOPH] & HIS WORK1 UNTIL >\ND #ahi :5 ! BOOK WAS UNE>!D 9 ,G]MANY & S9CE !N TRANSLAT$ 9TO SEV]AL LANGUAGES4 ,& /ILL ! 9FLU5CE ( ,/IRN]'S IDEAS ON ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,LAT9 C\NTRIES1 :]E ! !ORIES ( ,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK9 HAVE HAD DECISIVE 9FLU5CE = DECADES 9 WORK+ CLASS CIRCLES1 WAS M9USCULE & NEV] 9CREAS$4 ,9 C]TA9 ,FR5* 9TELLECTUAL CIRCLES ?AT AT ! TIME PLAY$ >\ND ) AN>*ISM1 ( :I* ! MAJORITY HAVE = SOME TIME N[ JO9$ ! O!R SIDE ( ! B>RICADES1 ,/IRN]'S WORK HAD A GREAT EFFECT1 BUT ! MAJORITY ( WORK]S ( ! TIME HAD NEV] ANY CONTACT ) IT4 

,TO NONE ( !ORETICIANS ( ,AN>*ISM DID IT EV5 OCCUR ?AT ! DAY W\LD COME :]E !Y W\LD BE D5OM9AT$ AS AN>*O-SOCIALI/S4 ,ALL ( !M FELT !Y W]E SOCIALI/S1 S9CE !Y W]E DEEPLY D$ICAT$ TO ! SOCIAL *>ACT] ( !IR !ORY4 ,= ?IS SAME REASON !Y DID NOT CALL !MSELVES MORE FREQU5TLY REVOLUTION>IES OR ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S1 9 OPPOSITION TO /ATE-SOCIALI/S1 ONLY LAT] DID ! NAME ,AN>*I/ BECOME NATURAL TO !M4 

,*APT] #b 

,IT'S CLE> ?AT ! GREAT DEF5D]S ( ,AN>*ISM & ! WRIT]S ( ! MOD]N AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ! ONES ?AT NEV] GOT TIR$ ( /AT+ ! SOCIAL *>ACT] ( !IR IDEAS1 C\LD NOT BE AGA9/ ORGANIZATION4 ,& 9 FACT W]E NEV] SO4 ,!Y F\<T AGA9/ ! C5TRALIZ$ /RUCTURE = ORGANIZATION ( ! ,/ATE & ,*UR*1 BUT ALL ( !M RECOGNIZ$ ! ABSOLUTE NE$ = AN ORGANIZ$ UNION ( =CES & F\ND 9 F$]ALISM ! MO/ ADEQUATE /RUCTURE = IT4 ,PR\DHON'S 9FLU5CE OV] ! ,FR5* WORK]'S ASSOCIATIONS IS WIDELY KN[N4 ,?IS IS NOT ! PLACE TO OCCUPY ONESELF ) ! DETAIL$ HI/ORY ( ?AT HI<LY 9T]E/+ MOVEM5T1 :I* )\T A D\BT REPRES5TS ONE ( ! MO/ ADMIRABLE *APT]S ( ! GR& /RUGGLE ( ,LABOR AGA9/ ! EXPLOITATION ( ! ,CAPITALI/ REGIME4 ,H]E WE'RE SOLELY 9T]E/$ 9 RESPECT TO COMRADELY ORGANIZATIONS4 ,PR\DHON /RONGLY CRITICIZ$1 9 HIS P]IODICAL1 ! ORIG9AL IDEA = ! ASSOCIATION & ATTEMPT$ TO 9FLU5CE IT ) HIS CONCLUSIONS4 ,) ! 5DLESS WORK ( HIS FRI5DS 9SIDE ! ASSOCIATIONS1 HE MANAG$ TO BREAK ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/ ,LUIS ,BLANC'S 9FLU5CE ON ! COMMUNITY & TO CONDUCT 9 !M A GREAT SPIRITUAL TRANS=MATION4 ,AT ALL TIMES :]EV] HE WAS HE W\LD 9CITE 9 HIS COMRADES ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T1 & !Y /AY$ BY HIS SIDE 9 ALL ( HIS /RUGGLES4 ,) ! HELP ( ! ASSOCIATION ! IDEAS ( ! GREAT ,FR5* ?9K] B5EFICIALLY P5ETRAT$ WORK]'S CIRCLES1 ?US ACQUIR+ A PRACTICAL =M4 ,HIS FAM\S PROJECT1 ! ,BANQUE DU PEUPLE1 WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE ! NATURAL MEANS = ! COALITION BETWE5 ASSOCIATIONS ALL OV] ! C\NTRY & AT ! SAME TIME TAKE GR\ND AWAY FROM ,CAPITAL4 ,IT IS NOT \R 9T5TION TO MAKE A CRITIC ( VALUE & ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ?AT PROJECT1 BORN 9 ! SPECIFIC CONDITIONS ( ! TIME4 ,WE ONLY 9T5D TO PO9T \T ?AT ,PR\DHON & HIS ADH]5TS W]E /RONG SUPPORT]S ( ORGANIZATION4 ,! PROJECT ( ! ,BANQUE DU PEUBLE WAS A GR& SCALE OP]ATION & ,PR\DHON HIMSELF ?\<T ?AT ! BANK 9 ITS FIR/ YE> W\LD HAVE OV] TWO MILLION P>TICIPANTS4 

,WE JU/ NE$ TO OBS]VE ! CONCLUSIONS ( ,PR\DHON OV] ! ESS5CE & OBJECT ( =M+ ORGANIZATIONS1 ?AT CAN BE F\ND FREQU5TLY 9 ALL HIS WORKS & P]IODICALS HE PUT \T1 TO RECOGNIZE H[ DEEPLY & DETAIL$ ! ,FR5* ?9K] DEF9$ ! ATTRIBUTES & SUB/ANCE ( ALL SOCIAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION3 ! PR9CIPLE ( ,F$]ATION & ! POLITICAL CAPACITY ( ALL ! WORK+ CLASSES4 

,! C\NTLESS ADMIR]S ?AT ,PR\DHON CAPTIVAT$ AMONG ! WORK+ CLASS W]E ALL /AUN* DEF5D]S ( ORGANIZATION4 ,!Y W]E ! MO/ IMPORTANT ELEM5T = ! F\NDATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION & ! FIR/ EVOLUTION PHASES ( ! GREAT UNION ( WORK]S W]E COMPLETELY UND] HIS SPIRITUAL 9FLU5CE4 

,BUT ALL !SE EF=TS ?AT EXPRESS$ !MSELVES ) ! ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,MUTUALI/S1 H[ ! ADH]5TS TO ,PR\DHON'S IDEAS W]E CALL$1 CAN BE CONSID]$ AS ! PRECURSORS & ! BEG9N+ ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T :I* 9ITIAT$ 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S P]IOD1 ESPECIALLY S9CE ! 9FLU5CE ( ,BAKUN9 & HIS FRI5DS IS MORE RECOGNIZ$ 9 ! F$]ATIONS ( ,LAT9 C\NTRIES4 ,BAKUN9 WAS ALWAYS A /AUN* SUPPORT] ( ! IDEA ( ORGANIZATION & ! MO/ IMPORTANT P>T ( HIS ACTIVITY 9 ,EUROPE CONSI/$ 9 HIS UN/OPPABLE DESIRE TO ORGANIZE ! REVOLUTION>Y & LIB]T>IAN ELEM5TS & TO PREP>E !M = ACTION4 ,HIS ACTIVITY 9 ,ITALY1 ! F\NDATION ( HIS ,ALLIANCE1 HIS P[]FUL PROPAG&A 9 ! RANKS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL HAD ALWAYS AS A GOAL ?AT F9ALITY4 ,HE ALWAYS DEF5D$ ?AT POSITION 9 A S]IES ( ADMIRABLE >TICLES1 ?AT %[$ UP 9 ,G5EVA'S ,L'EGALITE1 & ?AT DEAL SPECIALLY ) ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL AS A CO-FUSION ( ECONOMICAL F$]ATIONS 9 OPPOSITION TO ALL POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,9 HIS WORK ,ON ! ,POLICY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION1 :I* WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! A=EM5TION$ P]IODICAL1 9 #ahfi 9 ! ISSUES ( ,AUGU/ #h? & #b#h?1 ,BAKUN9 W>NS ! WORK]S AGA9/ ,POLITICS1 UND] ANY %APE1 :I* FUNDAM5TALLY SEEKS A SOLE PURPOSE3 SU/A9+ ! DOM9ATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE & AT ! SAME TIME ! SLAV]Y ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,AS SU* ONE %\LD NOT ATTEMPT ! P>TICIPATION 9 B\RGEOIS POLITICS1 9 ! HOPE ( MANAG+ TO IMPROVE HIS SITUATION1 AS ALL ATTEMPTS W\LD LEAD TO CRUEL DECEPTIONS & W\LD DELAY ! EMANCIPATION ( WORK FROM ,CAPITALISM TO A DI/ANT FUTURE4 ,! ONLY WAY TO EMANCIPATE ! PROLET>IAT IS ! UNION ( WORK]S 9 FI<T+ ECONOMICAL ORGANIZATIONS1 AS ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! SOLIT>Y WORK]1 EV5 ) EXTRAORD9>Y SKILLS & 5]GY1 IS NO?+ AGA9/ ! =CES ( ,CAPITAL4 ,ONLY )9 ORGANIZATIONS ! /R5G?S ( ALL >E DEVELOP$ & CONC5TRAT$ T[>DS COMMON GOALS4 

,BAKUN9 WAS A /AUN* DEF5D] ( ORGANIZATION & ITS NECESSITY UNTIL HIS LA/ BREA?4 ,I DON'T HESITATE TO REMEMB] ONCE AGA9 9 HIS RESIGNATION LETT] TO HIS ,COMRADES ( ! ,JURA ,F$]ATION1 %ORTLY AFT] ! #ahgc ,G5EVA ,CONGRESS4 ,A LETT] :I* CAN BE CONSID]$ A TE/AM5T TO HIS FRI5DS & COLLABORATORS3 

,?IS IS NOT ! TIME = IDEAS1 BUT = ACTION1 = DE$S4 ,TODAY1 ! ESS5TIAL IS ! ORGANIZATION ( ! PROLET>IAT =CES4 ,BUT ?IS ORGANIZATION MU/ BE ! TASK ( ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF4 ,IF ,I WAS /ILL Y\NG1 ,I W\LD LIVE AMONG ! WORK]S & %>E !IR LIFE ( TOIL1 ALL ! :ILE P>TICIPAT+ ) !M 9 ! GR& WORK ( PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATION4 

,AT ! 5D ( ?IS GOODBYE LETT] HE SUMM>IZES AGA9 ?OSE TWO CONCLUSIONS ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO HIS OP9ION1 >E AT CONDITIONS TO BY !MSELVES GU>ANTEE ! TRIUMPH ( !IR WORK1 9 ! FOLL[+ WORDS3 

7#a7 ,ADH]E FIRMLY TO ! GREAT & ALL-EMBRAC+ PR9CIPLE ( ! PEOPLE'S LIB]TY1 9 :I* EQUALITY & SOLID>ITY >E NOT LIES1 7#b7 ,ORGANIZE EV] MORE /RONGLY ! ,9T]NATIONAL & ! PRACTICAL SOLID>ITY ( ! WORK]S ( ALL TRADES 9 ALL C\NTRIES1 & ALWAYS REMEMB] ?AT EV5 ?\< Y\'RE WEAK ON Y\R [N1 OR 9 LOCAL OR NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS1 Y\ WILL F9D A COLOSSAL /R5G? & AN IRRESI/IBLE P[] UNIV]SAL COLLECTIVE4 

,BAKUN91 ! GREAT PROPHET ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM1 BUT ?AT ALWAYS CONCEIV$ IT )9 ! M>KS ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! COMMUNITY1 FULLY RECOGNIZ$ ! NE$ = A C]TA9 SUBORD9ATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL T[>DS1 VOLUNT>ILY CONCEIV$1 RESOLUTIONS & G5]AL L9ES ( CONDUCT1 IS AT ! F\NDATION ( ! ESS5CE ( ORGANIZATION4 ,HE DIDN'T SEE 9 ?AT A VIOLATION ( P]SONAL FRE$OM1 UNLIKE C]TA9 S]VILE DOGMATI/S DRUNK 9 A FEW BANAL PHRASES ?AT NEV] P5ETRAT$ ! REAL ORIG9 ( AN>*I/ IDEOLOGY1 DESPITE ALWAYS DECL>+ !MSELVES ! TRUE HOLD]S ( ! AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES4 ,AS HE DECL>ES1 = EXAMPLE1 9 HIS GREAT WORK ,! ,KN\TO-,G]MANIC ,EMPIRE & ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 WRITT5 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ! /ILL FRE% EV5TS ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE3 

,AS HO/ILE AS ,I AM TO :AT IS CALL$ DISCIPL9E 9 ,FRANCE1 ,I MU/ H[EV] RECOGNIZE1 ?AT C]TA9 NON AUTOMATIC DISCIPL9E1 BUT VOLUNT>Y & REASON$ IS & ALWAYS WILL BE NECESS>Y :]E SEV]AL ,MAN VOLUNT>ILY GA!R = A COMMON /RUGGLE OR DESIRE A COMMON ACTION TO E/ABLI% A MOVEM5T4 ,?IS DISCIPL9E IS NO MORE ?AN A VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5T REASON$ UPON T[>DS A COMMON PURPOSE & ! UNIFICATION ( ALL 9DIVIDUAL 5]GIES T[>DS A COMMON GOAL4 

,9 ?IS S5SE ! AN>*I/ ( ,BAKUN9'S P]IOD CONCEIV$ ! ORGANIZATION & V]IFI$ ! PRACTICAL EXPRESSION ( ! CONCEPT4 ,9 ?IS S5SE !Y WORK$ 9 F$]ATIONS & SECTIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 5RI*+ IT ) !IR IDEAS4 ,!Y ORGANIZ$ ! WORK]S 9 LOCAL PROPAG&A SECTIONS & 9 GR\PS 9 ACCORDANCE TO !IR TRADE4 ,! LOCAL GR\PS & SOCIETIES W]E P>T ( ! REGIONAL ,UNIONS & !SE W]E P>T ( ! NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* 9 TURN W]E CONNECT$ TO EA* O!R 9 ! GREAT UNION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,IF Y\ WANT TO HAVE AN EXACT PA9T+ ( ! EXTRAORD9>Y ORGANIZ+ ACTIVITY ?AT AN>*I/S C>RI$ \T AT ! TIME Y\ ONLY HAVE TO SEE ! 9=MATION PRES5T$ BY ! ,F$]ACION ,NACIONAL ,ESPANOLA 9 ! ,SIX? ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESS 9 ,G5EVA 9 #a#h#g#c4 ,?IS IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT1 BECAUSE ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,SPA9 HAD BE5 GUID$ BY AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES S9CE ITS BEG9N+4 ,AN>*ISM TILL TODAY HAS BE5 A DECISIVE FACTOR 9 ! ,SPANI% WORK]S MOVEM5T 9 G5]AL1 & WAS CAPABLE ( SUCCESSFULLY REFUS+ SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ATTEMPTS1 MA9LY BECAUSE ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S HAVE REMA9$ ABOVE ALL ELSE /RICT TO !IR PRIMITIVE PR9CIPLES & ME?ODS1 DESPITE ! HORRIBLE P]SECUTIONS ?AT !Y SUFF]$ & /ILL SUFF] TODAY4 ,!Y NEV] GOT AFFECT$ BY ! SUP]MAN AILM5TS & ! /UPID OBSESSION ) ! 0,ME01 :OSE UN=TUNATE VICTIMS >E ALWAYS SUBM]G$ 9 A MUTE ADMIRATION = !MSELVES4 ,& !Y NEV] FE>$ ?AT ORGANIZATION W\LD HURT !IR 9SIGNIFICANT FIGURE4 ,SPANI% AN>*I/S W]E ALWAYS DEEPLY ROOT$ 9 ! WORK]S MOVEM5T1 :OSE SPIRITUAL & ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICI5CY !Y ALWAYS ATTEMPT$ TO ACCEL]ATE ) ALL !IR /R5G? & 9 :OSE /RUGGLES !Y W]E ALWAYS 9 ! FRONTL9ES4 

,9 ! REPORT ( ! ,F$]ACION ,NACIONAL DE ,ESPANA WE CAN READ ! FOLL[+3 

,! ,F$]ACION ,NACIONAL DE ,ESPANA1 9 ! #b? ( ,AUGU/ #ahgb HAD #fe LOCAL F$]ATIONS1 ) #bbd TRADE ASSOCIATIONS & #di MIX$ TRADE SECTIONS4 ,BESIDES ?AT1 IT HAD #aa CITIES ) 9DIVIDUAL ADH]5TS4 ,9 ! #b? ( ,AUGU/ #ahgc ! ,F$]ACION ,NACIONAL DE ,ESPANA HAD #afb LOCAL F$]ATIONS1 #d$ TRADE SECTIONS & #gg MIX$ TRADE SECTIONS4 

,BY AGGREGAT+ ! A=EM5TION$ LOCAL F$]ATIONS & ! F$]ATIONS ?AT >E =M+ 7?AT IS1 ! EXI/+ SECTIONS :I* >E UNIT+ 9TO F$]ATIONS71 ONE REA*ES ?IS RESULT3 ! ,F$]ACION ,NACIONAL DE ,ESPANA HAD UP TO ! #b? ( ,AUGU/ #a#h#g#b1 #b#d1 EXI/+ & UND] =MATION1 LOCAL F$]ATIONS1 #ega TRADE SECTIONS & #aad MIX$ TRADE SECTIONS1 IT ALSO HAS #aa CITIES1 :]E !RE IS NO ORGANIZATION1 BUT !RE >E 9DIVIDUAL ADH]5TS4 

,! #b? ( ,AUGU/ ( #ahgc ! ,F$]ACION ,NACIONAL DE ,ESPANA HAD #bg LOCAL F$]ATIONS1 EXI/+ & UND] =MATION1 #eeg TRADE SECTIONS & #aag MIX$ TRADE SECTIONS4 

,I C\LD ALSO BR+ EXTRACTS FROM SEV]AL REPORTS FROM ! ,F$]AZIONE ,ITALIANA1 ! ,JURA ,F$]ATION1 ETC41 ?AT REF] TO !IR ORGANIZ+ ACTIVITIES1 BUT ,I W\LD BE OV]EXT5D+ MYSELF4 ,ALL LIT]ATURE 9 P]IODICALS & PAMPHLETS ( ! TIME IS FILL$ ) 9DICATIONS ON ! NE$ = ORGANIZATION & 9 ! AN>*I/ RANKS ( ! TIME !RE WAS NOBODY ?AT REPRES5T$ A T5D5CY 9 AN OPPOSITE DIRECTION4 ,ALL /AT$ ! SOCIAL *>ACT] ( ! CONCEPTION ( AN>*ISM & !Y W]E ALL CONV9C$ ?AT SOCIAL LIB]ATION W\LD ONLY BE POSSIBLE ?R\< ! $UCATION & ORGANIZATION ( ! MASSES1 & ?AT ! ORGANIZATION IS ! FIR/ CONDITION T[>DS COMMON ACTIONS4 

,*APT] #c 

,! PREVI\SLY M5TION$ *>ACT] ( ! MOVEM5T TRANS=M$ GRADUALLY AFT] ! ,FRANCO-,PRUSSIAN ,W> & ESPECIALLY AFT] ! HORR5D\S FALL ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE4 ,! TRIUMPH ( ,G]MANY & ! ,BISM>CK POLICIES ORIG9AT$ A NEW HI/ORIC A*IEVEM5T FROM :I* IT C\LDN'T RID ITSELF4 ,! EM]G5CE ( A MILIT>Y-BUREAUCRATIC ,/ATE 9 ! C5T] ( ,EUROPE EQUIPP$ ) ALL ! TOOLS ( P[]1 9EVITABLY HAD 9FLU5CE 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( A G5]AL REACTION ( RAIS$ HEADS EV]Y:]E4 ,ACTUALLY1 ?AT WAS ! CAUSE TOO4 ,! C5T] ( ! ,EUROPEAN WORK]'S MOVEM5T WAS ?R[N FROM ,FRANCE TO ,G]MANY1 !RE CONTRIBUT+ TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T1 :I* 9 ITS DEVELOPM5T DECISIVELY 9FLU5C$1 ) A FEW EXCEPTIONS1 ! O!R C\NTRIES4 ,?US ON ONE H& ! UN=TUNATE P]IOD 9 :I* ,EUROPE WAS GRADUALLY FALL+ VICTIM TO ! MILIT>IZATION ?AT WAS OCCURR+ 9 ,G]MANY WAS BORN1 :ILE ON ! O!R H& ! WORK]'S MOVEM5T1 UND] ! GR[+ 9FLU5CE ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY1 WAS S9K+ 9TO A DESP]ATE POSIBILITISM4 

,9 ! ,LAT9 C\NTRIES :]E ! LIB]T>IAN W+ ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL HAD ! /RONGE/ 9FLU5CE 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! SEV5? DECADE 7( ! ,X,I,X? C5TURY7 !RE WAS A SAVAGE REACTION4 ,9 ,FRANCE1 :]E ! BE/ & BRI<TE/ ELEM5TS ( ! WORK]'S MOVEM5T DI$ 9 ! HORR5D\S FALL ( ! ,COMMUNE1 OR :]E EXIL$ TO ,N\VELLE-,CAL$ONIE1 IF !Y DIDN'T MANAGE TO ESCAPE ABROAD & C>RY \T ! RE/LESS LIFE ( A REFUGEE1 ALL WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS W]E REPRESS$ BY ! GOV]NM5T & ! REVOLUTION>Y PRESS WAS =BIDD54 ,?IS WAS REPEAT+ ITSELF 9 ,SPA9 TWO YE>S LAT]1 AFT] ! BLOODY REPRESSION ( ! ,CANTONALI/A MOVEM5T & ! CAPITULATION ( ! ,C>TAG5A ,COMMUNE4 ,ALL WORK]S' MOVEM5TS W]E SUPPRESS$ & SPREAD+ NEWS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 PUBLIC WAS IMPOSSIBLE = YE>S4 ,9 ,ITALY ! MEMB]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL W]E PROVOK$ AS IF !Y W]E SAVAGE BEA/S1 & PUBLIC PROPAG&A WAS MADE SO DIFFICULT AS TO =CE !M TO RESORT TO SECRET ORGANIZATIONS1 TO :I* !IR COMRADES FROM ABROAD W]E MORE ACCU/OM$ DUE TO !IR OLD TRADITIONS ) ! SECRET SOCIETIES ( ! ,C>BON>I & ! ,MAZZ9IANS4 

,AS A RESULT ( ! ATROCI\S P]SECUTIONS ?AT ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 5DUR$1 = SEV]AL YE>S1 IT DISAPPE>$ FROM ! PUBLIC 9 ,LAT9 C\NTRIES1 AS IT WAS =C$ TO CREATE A REFUGE 9 SECRET SOCIETIES4 ,AS ! P]IOD ( REACTION LA/$ LONG] ?AN :AT ! MAJORITY BELIEV$ IT W\LD1 ! MOVEM5T SL[LY GA9$ A NEW PSY*OLOGY ?AT WAS FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T FROM ITS PREVI\S ONE4 ,SECRET MOVEM5TS >E C]TA9LY CAPABLE ( DEVELOP+1 9 !IR LIMIT$ CIRCLE1 A SUP]IOR LEVEL ( WILL+NESS TO SACRIFICE & PHYSICAL SUFF]+ 9 !IR 9DIVIDUALS = ! GOOD ( ! REVOLUTION1 BUT !Y LACK ! WIDE CONTACT ) ! POPUL> MASSES1 ! ONLY ?+ !Y CAN A*IEVE IS IMPROV+ !IR EFFICI5CY & TO CONS]VE !M FRE% & EXCIT$ = LONG P]IODS ( TIME4 ,?AT'S :Y ! MEMB]S ( ?AT SORT ( MOVEM5TS LOSE1 )\T REALIZ+1 ! EXACT NOTION ( ! REAL EV5TS ( LIFE & !IR DESIRE CONV]TS 9TO ! CREATOR ( !IR ?\<TS4 ,!Y SL[LY LOSE ! S5SE ( CON/RUCTIVE ACTIVITY & !IR EVOLUTION>Y ?\<T TAKES A PURELY NEGATIVE DIRECTION4 ,SUMM>IZ+1 !Y UNCONSCI\SLY LOSE ! CONCEPTION ( POPUL> MOVEM5T4 ,?AT EVOLUTION>Y PROCESS OCCURS SURPRIS+LY FA/1 9 FEW YE>S IT GIVES A V]Y DIFF]5T *>ACT] TO ! MOVEM5T1 :5 ! EXT]IOR CIRCUM/ANCES1 BL9D P]SECUTIONS BY ! GOV]NM5T1 FAVOR ! DEVELOPM5T ( SECRET ORGANIZATIONS4 

,IT'S UND]/&ABLE ?AT1 9 TIME ( G5]AL REACTION1 :5 GOV]NM5T PREV5TS ALL POSSIBILITY ( PUBLIC LIFE FROM A MOVEM5T ! SECRET ORGANIZATION IS ! ONLY POSSIBLE ME?OD TO CONS]VE ! MOVEM5T1 BUT1 BY RECOGNIZ+ ?IS1 WE %\LD NOT REMA9 BL9D TO ! UNAVOIDABLE DEFECTS ( SU* ORGANIZATIONS & GLORIFY !IR IMPORTANCE4 ,A SECRET ORGANIZATION CAN ALWAYS BE CONSID]$ AS JU/ A ME?OD1 :I* ! DANG] ( ! MOM5T JU/IFIES1 BUT ?AT CAN NEV] SUCCESSFULLY PROPEL1 OR />T1 A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,9 ! ATMOSPH]E ( SECRET MEET+S ! 9DIVIDUAL EASILY =GETS ?IS IRREFUTABLE FACT4 ,! MAGICAL 9FLU5CE ?AT ?OSE ORGANIZATIONS EX]T OV] Y\NG ELEM5TS1 ROMANTICALLY WILL+1 IS A P[]FUL OB/ACLE TO A CLE> OBS]VATION ( PROPAG&A & BL9DS MANY TO ! TRU?4 ,ALL IS SE5 ?R\< A DREAM1 NOT AS IT REALLY IS BUT AS ONE WANTS IT TO BE4 

,! SECRET ORGANIZATIONS ( ! OLD ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>IES HAD A HUGE CONTRIBUTION1 BUT DESPITE ?AT !Y HAD TO SL[LY BLOODY !MSELVES & !IR IDEAS NEV] MANAG$ TO REA* ! MASSES4 ,! MOVEM5T HAS REC5TLY MADE ITSELF 9V9CIBLE :5 ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY1 ! GREAT MASSES ( ! PROLET>IAT1 & ! PEASANTS TO SOME DEGREE1 ADH]$ TO SOCIALI/ IDEAS4 

,BESIDES1 A CL&E/9E MOVEM5T IS 9T]TW9$ ) A S]IES ( S]I\S DEFECTS ?AT 9EVITABLY OCCUR FROM ITS EXI/5CE4 ,ABOVE ALL !Y >E 9 A CONT9U\S /RUGGLE ) ! GU>DIANS ( ,/ATE ORD]1 ?AT >E ALWAYS SPY+ EV]Y:]E = PLOTS & IF NE$$ CREATE !M !MSELVES4 ,?AT /RUGGLE =CES ! CONSPIRATOR TO ALWAYS BE SEEK+ NEW SECURITY PROC$URES1 :I* G5]ATES1 BESIDES A HUGE WA/E ( 5]GIES1 A P]MAN5T MORBID SUSPICION ( ALL1 ! K9D ?AT CONV]TS ITSELF 9TO A SECOND NATURE4 ,SUSPICION 9TRODUCES ITSELF EV]Y:]E & P]MAN5TLY DE/ROYS C\NTLESS LIVES4 ,I ONLY NE$ TO REMEMB] ! ,P\CQU>T AFFAIR1 :I* NOT ONLY WAS ! TRAG$Y ( HIS LIFE BUT = A LONG TIME DIVID$ ! MOVEM5T1 ?US P>ALYZ+ ITS =CE4 ,IT'S ALSO OBVI\S ?AT P]SONAL ISSUES 9 SU* MOVEM5TS HAVE A FATAL EFFECT1 ! MORE LIMIT$ IS ! CIRCLE ( ITS ACTIVITIES ! MORE S]I\S IS ITS EFFECT4 ,REMEMB] ! BITT] FI<TS BETWE5 ,B>BES & ,B>QUI1 9 ! SECRET SOCIETIES DUR+ ! GOV]NM5T ( ,L\IS-,PHILIPPE1 :I* = A LONG TIME P>ALYZ$ ! ACTIVITIES ( !IR ORGANIZATIONS4 

,ALL !SE EV5TS PLACE ON CL&E/9E MOVEM5TS A C]TA9 *>ACT] & HAVE A P[]FUL 9FLU5CE OV] ! SPIRITUAL /RUCTURE ( !IR [N MEMB]S4 ,!Y HURT ! SPIRITUAL DEVELOPM5TS ( ! MOVEM5TS & !IR CREATIVE APTITUDES1 BECAUSE !Y >E ALWAYS OBLIG$ TO IMPOSE !IR DE/RUCTIVE EFFICI5CY4 

,9 SU* A P]IOD ( REACTION & SECRET CONNECTIONS ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 5T]$ ! LA/ DECADE ( ! PA/ C5TURY & NATURALLY HASN'T MANAG$ TO RID ITSELF ( ! 9FLU5CE ( ! NEW ATMOSPH]E4 ,) ! PASS+ ( ! YE>S ! AN>*I/ RANKS GOT US$ TO CONSID]+ CL&E/9E ACTIVITY AS NORMAL4 ,! NEW ELEM5TS ?AT JO9$ ! MOVEM5T1 DUR+ ! CONSPIRACY P]IOD1 HAD A SPECIAL 9CL9ATION TO CONSID] ! SECRET ORGANIZATION & ITS ACTIVITY AS A LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & ?AT IT %\LD BE PLAC$ BE=E ANY PUBLIC ACTIVITY4 ,A CONCEPT 9 ?AT S5SE WAS DEF5D$ BY ! ,ITALIAN ,COMMITTEE = ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION 9 ITS L5G?Y LETT] TO ! #g? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,NOVEMB] #ahgd 9 ,BRUSSELS4 ,9 ! A=EM5TION$ MANIFE/ ALL PUBLIC ACTIVITY IS R5\NC$ BY ! REVOLUTION>IES AS DANG]\S4 ,!Y SAY3 

,! MASS REPRESSIONS C>RI$ \T BY ! GOV]NM5TS1 OBLIGAT$ US TO SECRET PLOTT+ AS \R SOLE ACTIVITY4 ,AS ?AT =M ( ORGANIZATION IS VA/LY SUP]IOR WE CONGRATULATE \RSELVES1 BECAUSE ! P]SECUTIONS 5D$ ! PUBLIC ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,WE WILL CONT9UE ) ! PA? ( SECRECY1 WE HAVE ELECT$ IT AS ! ONLY WAY TO REA* \R GOAL3 ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 

,?IS WAS ! SITUATION ( ! MOVEM5T :5 SEV]AL RADICAL ,G]MAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS ABROAD GOT ACQUA9T$ ) IT4 ,! BIG IDEOLOGICAL /RUGGLES 9 ! C5T] ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL PASS$ ON TO ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT ALMO/ )\T A M>K4 ,ONE C\LD ONLY DI/+UI% ! 9FLU5CE ( ! GR& ,WORK]S ,ALLIANCE 9 ,G]MANY4 ,! OLD CONTACTS ( ! PRECURSORS ( ,AN>*ISM 9 ,G]MANY HAD LONG BE5 =GOTT51 :ILE ! ,G]MAN WORK]S />T$ TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES AUTONOM\SLY4 ,! WRIT+S ( ,K>L ,GRUN1 ,MOSES ,HESS1 ,WILHELM ,M>R1 ETC4 W]E COMPLETELY IGNOR$ BY !M1 AS W]E ! VALUABLE LESSONS ( ,PR\DHON1 :I* BY ! F\R? & FIF? DECADES 7( ! ,X,I,X? C5TURY7 HAD BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 ,G]MANY4 ,! :OLE MOVEM5T WAS ?US UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS4 

,! HORR5D\S P]SECUTIONS TO ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ! ,LAT9 C\NTRIES *AS$ AWAY A BIG QUANTITY ( REFUGEES TO ! ,FR5* ,SWITZ]L&4 ,!RE ,FR5*1 ,ITALIANS & ,SPANI% MET4 ,?AT CIRCLE GOT BIGG] :5 9 ,G]MANY A LAW AGA9/ SOCIALI/S WAS IMPLEM5T$2 MANY ,G]MANS HAD TO SEEK REFUGE ABROAD DUE TO ! P]SECUTIONS4 ,! ,JURA ,F$]ATION1 :I* HAD A BIG 9FLU5CE 9 ,SWITZ]L& 9 ! PA/ DECADE1 C>RI$ \T LIVELY PROPAG&A 9 :I* ! REFUGEES P>TICIPAT$4 ,9 ?OSE CIRCLES1 ,G]MAN WORK]S SU* AS ,EMILIO ,W]N]1 ,EIS5HAU] & ,AUGU/ ,RE9SDORF GOT ACQUA9T$ ) ,AN>*ISM4 ,IT WAS EXACTLY ?AT EVOLUTION>Y PHASE ( ! MOVEM5T1 ?AT WE'VE TALK$ AB\T1 :I* !Y MET & ?AT HAD A SPECIAL M>K ON !IR EVOLUTION4 ,9 ! SPIRIT ( ! TIME !RE WAS ! ,>BEIT]-,ZEITUNG :I* WAS F\ND$ 9 ,JULY #ahgf 9 ,B]NA1 ! FIR/ AN>*I/ P]IODICAL 9 ,G]MAN4 ,:5 ! ,REI*/AG ADOPT$1 TWO YE>S LAT]1 ! LAW AGA9/ ALL SOCIALI/S & ! :OLE SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T WAS DECL>$ ILLEGAL1 IT NATURALLY CONTRIBUT$ A GREAT DEAL TO ! NEW T5D5CY HEAD+ T[>DS EXTREMISM4 

,BESIDES1 ONE NE$S TO ADD A NEW FACTOR ( EXTREME IMPORTANCE4 ,9 ,RUSSIA ! T]RIBLE CAMPAIGN ( ! ,N>ODNAYA ,VOLYA1 AGA9/ ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! CZ>I/ ABSOLUTISM1 IGNIT$ A NEV] BE=E SE5 PASSION 9 ,EUROPE4 ,! ACTIONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>IES HAD A MAGICAL 9FLU5CE OV] ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,EUROPE1 ESPECIALLY :]E ! MOVEM5T WAS P]SECUT$ BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,!RE'S NO?+ ?AT CONTRIBUTES AS MU* TO AWAK5 ! VIOL5T 9/9CTS 9 HUMANS AS ! ?IR/ = REV5GE & ! 9CESSANT ABUSE ( !IR DIGNITY4 ,Y\ HAVE TO LIVE 9 A P]IOD LIKE ?AT TO UND]/& ITS FATAL 9FLU5CE4 ,! ET]NAL P]SECUTIONS ( ! POLICE1 ! TRICK]Y ?AT Y\'RE EXPOS$ TO EV]YDAY1 ! ECONOMIC CONDITIONS & ! PROVOCATION FROM ALL P>TIES1 CAN BREAK D[N ! MO/ PEACEFUL ( P]SONS4 ,:5 ?IS HAPP5S TO A P]SON ( GREAT P]SONAL VALUE1 LIKE ,AUGU/ ,RE9SDORF1 :O WAS TRULY *AS$ FROM CITY TO CITY LIKE A WILD BEA/1 IT'S UND]/&ABLE ?AT ! SPIRIT EV5TUALLY OV]FL[S ) V5GEFUL ?\<TS :I* WILL HAVE A DECISIVE 9FLU5CE OV] EV]Y?+ !Y DO1 9CLUD+ !IR PROPAG&A4 ,! MORE VICTIMS >E SACRIFIC$1 ! MORE ROOT$ ! ?IR/ = V5GEANCE GETS4 

,ONE CAN UND]/& ?AT 9 SU* A /ATE ( /IMULATION !RE'S LITTLE COMPREH5SION = ! DEVELOPM5T ( IDEAS & ACTS4 ,! SPIRITUAL COMMUNICATION ) ! POPUL> MASSES GRADUALLY DISAPPE>S & 9 AN EV5 WORSE MANN] :5 ! EXTREME ASPECTS ( REVOLUTION>IES OCCUR4 ,DESPITE ?AT1 HE IS CONV9C$ ?AT IT'S ! WAY TO GET CLOS] TO ! PEOPLE1 :5 9 REALITY ! OPPOSITE HAPP5S4 ,IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO UND]/& ! SPECIAL PSY*OLOGY ( A P]SON :ILE WE DON'T KN[ ! ATMOSPH]E ( ! SPH]E 9 :I* HE ACTS4 ,& ?AT WAS ! CAUSE = ITS GREAT ACCEPTANCE4 ,! WAY = A GREAT ORGANIZ+ ACTIVITY1 ) ITS BASIS ON ! PEOPLE1 COMPLET+ ITSELF ) NEW IDEAS & !N SOAK+ ITSELF ) ! PRACTICAL LIFE ( ! PEOPLE1 A MUTUAL & EFFECTIVE EX*ANGE )\T :I* A TRUE POPUL> MOVEM5T IS 9COMPREH5SIBLE4 ,?IS WAY1 IT LOSES ITSELF LITTLE BY LITTLE & ALL K9DS ( HALLUC9ATIONS ?AT >5'T EV5 CLOSE TO REALITY />T TAK+ PLACE4 ,BUT IT CAN'T BE 9 ANY O!R WAY S9CE ALL ACTIVITY1 NO MATT] H[ BIG IT IS1 AT ! M>G9 ( ! MASSES IS A RESULT ( ! ,/ATE ( ,EM]G5CY4 ,! GR& BLOSSOM+ ?9K+ ( ORGANIZ+ MASSES1 AS REPRES5T$ ) ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 LITTLE BY LITTLE IS LEFT BEH9D4 ,! ORGANIZATION BECOMES A SMALL CIRCLE ( CONSPIRATORS1 ALL ! :ILE BELIEV+ IT HAS A C]TA9 IMPORTANCE1 & NATURALLY IT CAN HAVE A V]Y LIMIT$ 9FLU5CE4 ,) ?IS 9 M9D ,RE9SDORF CONCEIV$ ! ORGANIZATION AB\T :I* 9 ,JULY #ahh HE /AT$ 9 ,FREIHEIT ,MO/ ! FOLL[+ ?\<TS3 

,:5 WE CONSID] ! T]ROR AGA9/ ! ,G]MAN SOCIALI/ WORK]S BY A SMALL FRACTION ( ,REI*/AG EMPLOYES & J\RNALI/S1 ?AT CULM9AT$ 9 ! EXPULSION ( ! ,HASSELMAN & ,MO/ P>TIES1 ! TAUNT+ ( SOCIAL-REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S & ! DESPISE = ALL REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY1 WE REA* ! CONCLUSION ?AT ! CAUSE = ?AT LAM5TABLE EV5T LIES ) ! SAME ,G]MAN WORK]S ?AT ) !IR C5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATION CREAT$ ?AT FETI%I/ P>TY1 :I* PLACES ITSELF AGA9/ ALL 9DIVIDUAL ACTION & BOYCOTTS ALL ?AT MAY MAKE ROOM = ANY D\BT OV] ITS 9FALLIBILITY4 ,! GREAT LESSON ?AT ONE %\LD TAKE FROM ?OSE A*IEVEM5TS ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S IS TO 9 ! FUTURE MA9TA9 !IR 9DIVIDUAL SELF-DET]M9ATION AGA9/ ALL ?AT IS TITL$ AS LEAD]4 ,EA* 9DIVIDUAL MU/ HAVE ! RI<T TO ADJU/ !IR REVOLUTION>Y ACTION2 9 ACCORDANCE TO !IR IDEA EA* 9DEP5D5T GR\P MU/ HAVE ! RI<T TO EMPLOY1 9 !IR SOCIAL GR\ND1 AS A ME?OD = LIB]ATION POISON1 DAGG]S1 DYNAMITE444 )\T BE+ DECL>$ AS IRRESPONSIBLE OR AT ! S]VICE ( ! POLICE4 ,EA* GR\P MU/ ALSO HAVE ! RI<T TO UNITE = C]TA9 COMMON ACTIONS ) ONE OR MORE DI/9CT GR\PS )\T BE+ ACCUS$ ( PLOTT+ AGA9/ ! P>TY TACTICS & O!R >TIFICIAL CONSID]ATIONS & WORDS ?AT1 SO F>1 ONLY HAVE ! OBJECT ( ! CREATION ( PRIVILEGES4 ,FRE$OM ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTION = EA* 9DIVIDUAL & EA* GR\P1 FRE$OM = EA* GR\P & 9DIVIDUAL ( COALITION &1 AS A RESULT1 ! ACCEL]ATION ( 9ITIATIVES & ! CONFID5CE 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL'S [N =CE AS A B5EFIT = ! CAUSE BY MEANS ( ACTIONS & :AT'S MORE IMPORTANT3 ! LIB]ATION FROM ! HUGE WEI<T ?AT >E ! 9COMPET5T BOSSES TO AN ACTION1 ?AT'S ! RESULT ( AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN ORGANIZATION ( SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT]4 

,9 ISSUE #ci ( ,FREIHEIT 7#a#h#h7 ,RE9SDORF ONCE AGA9 TALKS AB\T AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 SAY+3 

,:AT'S ! CURR5T /ATE ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION8 ,Y\ DON'T HE> MU* AB\T L>GE CONGRESSES1 SPEE*ES & RESOLUTIONS2 )\T BE+ GUILTY ( DISOB$I5CE AGA9/ ! DISCIPL9E ( ! P>TY 7! WORD S\NDS V]Y MILIT>I/7 EA* GR\P & EV5 EA* MEMB] WORKS 9 !IR [N WAY T[>DS ! REVOLUTION1 ASSUR$ ( ! SOLID>ITY AGREEM5T ( !IR COMRADES1 REG>D+ ACTS ( PROPAG&A4 ,BUT A SUDD5 LI<TN+ 9 ,NEVA1 A QUICK GL[ 9 ,D5IE/]1 A PEASANT CONSPIRACY 9 ,ROMANIA1 AN >M$ ASSAULT ON ! TAX COLLECTORS 9 ! ,SI]RA ,NEVADA VALES1 A COLOSSAL DEMON/RATION 9 ! WORLD CITY NE> ! ,S5A OR A SCUFFLE ) ! POLICE 9 ! REPUBLICAN COA/S ( ,A>1 >E ! VITAL SIGNS ?AT FROM TIME TO TIME DEMON/RATE ?AT !Y ALWAYS HAVE ! GOAL 9 !IR SI<TS3 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! CURR5T SOCIETY4 

,AS IT'S EASY TO OBS]VE1 ,RE9SDORF CONCEIVES ORGANIZATION ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY UND] ! PR9CIPLES ( CONSPIRACY & T]RORI/ ACTIONS4 ,ALL AN>*I/S ( ! TIME W]E >\ND ?IS SAME PO9T ( VIEW4 ,! NATURAL ESS5CE ( ,AN>*ISM WAS NOT KN[N TO !M OR KN[N V]Y SUP]FICIALLY )\T ANY P]FECTION & ! MAJORITY ( !M CONFUS$ A CIRCUM/ANTIAL NECESSITY = ! MOVEM5T ) ! ESS5TIAL ( AN>*I/ PROPAG&A4 ,?AT'S :Y ,RE9SDORF GOT LO/ 9 PURELY ,BLANQUI/ IDEALS1 )\T REALIZ+ HE WAS BE+ 9FLU5C$ BY EXTREMELY AU?ORIT>IAN IDEAS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 9 ,SEPTEMB] #ahh 9 CORRESPOND5CE ON ,FREIHEIT HE 9C5TIVIZES ! ,G]MAN WORK]S TO /UDY ?OR\<LY ! ,CATE*ISME REVOLUTIONNAIRE1 :I* HE MI/AK5LY CLAIMS TO BE - LIKE MANY O!RS DID - ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ,BAKUN91 :5 9 FACT !Y W]E WRITT5 BY ,NETS*AIEV & IT WAS EXACTLY ?IS DOCUM5T ?AT EXCIT$ 9 HIM ! D5IAL ( ALL P]SONAL FEEL+S1 ( ALL P]SONALITY 9 G5]AL4 ,BUT ?AT DIDN'T JU/ HAPP5 TO ,RE9SDORF4 ,! SO CALL$ ,EXECUTIVE ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ( ,NEW ,YORK AB\T :I* ,JOHN ,MO/ TALK$ AB\T A LOT 9 ! #h'S 7( ! ,X,I,X? C5TURY71 BUT ?AT MO/ LIKELY EXI/$ MORE 9 !IR IMAG9ATION ?AN 9 REALITY1 WAS MO/ DEF9ITELY NOT ! RESULT ( AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,9 SU* P]IODS ( G5]AL REACTION :5 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS CAN ONLY EXI/ CL&E/9ELY1 ?OSE CONFUSIONS >E 9EVITABLE4 ,IT'S AN ATMOSPH]E ( ]RORS FROM :I* NOBODY CAN COMPLETELY RID !MSELVES (4 

,*APT] #d 

,! AN>*I/S ( ?AT P]IOD EXAGG]AT$ ! SIGNIFICANCE ( CONSPIRACY ORGANIZATIONS &1 AS TIME W5T ON1 !Y ALSO EXAGG]AT$ ! IMPORTANCE ( 9DIVIDUAL ACTS4 ,!SE LA/ ONES REA*+ BIG PROPORTIONS AS MANY ( !M EV5 GOT TO ! PO9T ( CONSID]+ ! SO CALL$ PROPAG&A BY ! DE$ ! ESS5TIAL ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,9DIVIDUAL T]RORI/ ACTS ( A PASSIONATE *>ACT] >E COMPREH5SIBLE & EXPLA9ABLE 9 TIMES ( WILD REACTION & ATROCI\S P]SECUTIONS4 ,!SE ME?ODS W]5'T JU/ US$ BY ! AN>*I/S4 ,ONE CAN EV5 SAY1 ) C]TA9TY1 ?AT 9 COMP>ISON ) ! REACTION>Y ADH]5TS TO 9DIVIDUAL T]RORISM1 AN>*I/S W]E JU/ SIMPLE 9NOC5T CREATURES4 ,ANYWAY1 IT IS WELL E/ABLI%$ ?AT !SE ACTS BY !MSELVES HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) AN>*I/S4 ,AS HUMAN BE+S1 JU/ LIKE EV]YONE1 C]TA9 CONDITIONS 9CIT$ SOME AN>*I/S TO C>RY \T C]TA9 ACTS1 JU/ LIKE IT C\LD HAPP5 ) PEOPLE ( V]Y DIFF]5T IDEOLOGICAL T5D5CIES4 ,ONLY DUE TO ! HORR5D\S P]SECUTIONS ( :I* AN>*I/S >E A T>GET ( 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES1 CAN ONE EXPLA9 :Y ! IMPORTANCE ( !SE ACTS WAS EXAGG]AT$ 9 ! AN>*I/ CIRCLES ( ! P]IOD4 

,9DIVIDUAL ACTIONS CAN NEV] S]VE AS ! F\NDATIONS = A SOCIAL MOVEM5T & !Y >E 9 NO WAY CAPABLE ( TRANS=M+ ! SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,!Y CAN ONLY1 9 C]TA9 P]IODS1 FRI<T5 SOME SUPPORT]S ( ! SY/EM1 BUT !Y NEV] ACTUALLY 9FLU5CE ! SY/EM ITSELF4 ,?AT WAS ALSO SAID BY ! AN>*I/S4 ,ONLY C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS CAN BE 5TIC$ BY T]RORI/ ACTIONS1 & ?IS FACT ALONE IS ! BE/ PRO( ?AT A MOVEM5T CAN'T BE BUILT ) 9DIVIDUALS AS ! BASE4 ,SOCIAL TRANS=MATIONS >E ONLY POSSIBLE BY MOVEM5TS ( ! MASSES4 ,?IS WAS UND]/OOD BY ! AN>*I/S ( ! FIR/ P]IOD & ?AT IS :Y !Y D$ICAT$ !MSELVES MA9LY TO PROPAG&A = ! MASSES & !Y S\<T TO CONNECT !M 9 ECONOMIC UNIONS & SOCIAL /UDIES C5T]S4 ,LAT]1 :5 ! GR[+ REACTIONS 5D$ ?AT ACTIVITY & ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS *AS$ BY ! AU?ORITIES1 ! T5D5CY ?AT WE DISCUSS$ PREVI\SLY WAS DEVELOP$4 

,9 ,G]MANY1 UND] ! DOM9ATION ( ! ANTI-SOCIALI/S LAW1 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T DEVELOP$ UND]GR\ND ACTIVITY ?AT LIMIT$ ITSELF TO ! CL&E/9E DI/RIBUTION ( P]IODICALS & PAMPHLETS PUBLI%$ ABROAD4 ,AN>*I/ ELEM5TS SU* AS ,FREIHEIT DE ,MO/ & ,W>HEITQUE ALSO APPE>$ 9 ,NEW ,YORK & ,AUTONOMY ( ,LONDON WAS 9TRODUC$ TO ,G]MANY ?R\< ! ,BELGIUM & ,DUT* BORD]S4 ,! DI/RIBUTION ( SU* LIT]ATURE RESULT$ 9 NUM]\S VICTIMS & ! COMRADES ?AT FELL 9TO ! H&S ( ! AU?ORITIES W]E ALMO/ ALWAYS PUNI%$ ) PRISON4 ,! MOVEM5T WAS NEV] V]Y /RONG1 AS IT ALWAYS HAD TO FI<T AGA9/ C\NTLESS PROBLEMS & NOT ONLY DID IT HAVE TO 5DURE ALL K9DS ( P]SECUTIONS C>RI$ \T BY ! GOV]NM5T1 BUT IT ALSO HAD TO 5DURE HATEFUL & 9TOL]ABLE BEHAVIOR FROM ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC LEAD]S1 :O W]E MA/]S 9 ALL K9DS ( VILIFICATIONS4 ,WILHELM ,LIEBKNE*T SL&]$ ,AUGU/ ,RE9SDORF1 ACCUS+ HIM ( BE+ WORK+ ) ! POLICE1 :5 HE HAD ALREADY BE5 CONDEMN$ TO DEA?4 

,!RE W]E GR\PS 9 ,B]L91 ,HAMBURG1 ,HANNOV]1 ,MAGDEBURG1 ,FRANKFURT1 ,MA9Z1 ,MANHEIM & SEV]AL O!R CITIES 9 ! L[] ,RHE91 ,SAXONY & ,S\? ( ,G]MANY4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! MEMB]S1 ESPECIALLY AFT] ! LAW AGA9/ SOCIALI/S1 W]E Y\NG 5?USIA/S1 :O CONCEIV$ !IR ,AN>*ISM MORE ) FEEL+S ?AN ) REASON4 ,BUT ?AT'S NOT ODD AT ALL1 S9CE !RE WASN'T MU* AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE 9 ,G]MAN4 ,BESIDES ,BAKUN9'S ,GOD & ! ,/ATE !RE W]E SOME PAMPHLETS BY ,KROPOTK91 ,MO/ & ,P\CQU>T4 ,?IS WAS ALL !RE WAS4 ,WE ALSO CAN'T =GET ?AT ,MO/'S WORDS ( SUB/ANCE HAD MORE 9FLU5CE OV] US1 ! Y\?1 ?AN ! SIMPLE EXPLANATIONS ( ,KROPOTK94 ,PSY*OLOGICALLY IT'S EASY TO UND]/& ?IS1 9 A C\NTRY :]E FREE SPEE* WAS =BIDD51 ONE 9T]PRETS ?AT ! MO/ RADICAL ACTIONS %\LD HAVE ! MO/ SUCCESS1 EV5 IF ?OSE ACTIONS W]5'T ?OR\<LY /UDI$4 

,) ! FALL ( ! LAW AGA9/ SOCIALI/S 9 #ahi !RE WAS A SIGNIFICANT *ANGE 9 ! HORIZON ( ,AN>*ISM 9 ,G]MANY1 ONE ( CONSID]ABLE PROPORTIONS EV5 :5 IT WAS OP]AT+ SL[LY4 ,! OPPOSITION )9 ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY1 ?AT WAS ALREADY QUITE NOTICEABLE DUR+ ! TIME ( ! LAW1 SPOKE \T PUBLICLY1 CAUS+ DISGU/ TO ! OLD P>TY LEAD]S4 ,! OLD TRI$ ALL K9D ( TACTICS TO CON=M !MSELVES TO ! Y\NG & :5 !Y DIDN'T SUCCE$2 !Y OP5LY DECL>$ !MSELVES 9 FAVOR ( A RUPTURE1 REA*+ ! EXTREME (1 DUR+ ! #ahia CONV5TION 9 ,]FURT1 ?R[+ \T ! ORATORS FROM ! OPPOSITION4 ,! EXPELL$ !N F\ND$ A NEW ORGANIZATION1 ! ,ASSOCIATION ( ,9DEP5D5T ,SOCIALI/S1 ) A P]IODICAL 9 ,B]L91 ,D] ,SOZIALI/4 

,!SE EV5TS HELP$ ! AN>*I/S TO COME \T PUBLICLY ) !IR IDEAS1 ) ,B]L9 AS ! CITY :]E ! FIR/ AN>*I/ CONF]5CES :]E HELD4 ,TWO YE>S LAT] !Y EV5 TRI$ TO />T !IR [N AN>*I/ P]IODICAL 9 ,G]MANY1 BUT ,>BEIT] ,ZEITUNG1 :I* TITL$ ITSELF ! P]IODICAL ( ! ,G]MAN AN>*I/S & WAS DUE TO COME \T ON ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i#c1 WAS IMM$IATELY CONFISCAT$ BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,ALL $ITIONS ( ! FIR/ ISSUE1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( A FEW COPIES1 FELL 9TO ! H&S ( ! POLICE4 ,MEAN:ILE ,D] ,SOZIALI/ WAS EVOLV+ 9TO ! DIRECTION ( ,AN>*ISM1 F9ALLY UND] ! $ITORIAL GUIDANCE ( ,GU/AV ,L&AU] !RE WAS A RUPTURE ) ! ,9DEP5D5T ,SOCIALI/S & ! MAJORITY DECL>$ !MSELVES 9 FAVOR ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,S9CE !N1 ,D] ,SOZIALI/ HAS BE5 PURELY AN>*I/4 

,AS SU* ONE CAN SAY ?AT 9 ! FIR/ HALF ( ! NEW DECADE1 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 POSSIBLE TO ORGANIZE ! SEV]AL AN>*I/ GR\PS 9 ,G]MANY & SUBSEQU5TLY E/ABLI% ! F\NDATIONS = A HEAL?Y & VIGOR\S MOVEM5T4 ,A P>T ( ! AN>*I/S WANT$ TO DO JU/ ?AT1 BUT AT ?AT TIME 9T]NAL DISAGREEM5TS1 ?AT W\LD = YE>S AFFECT ! Y\NG MOVEM5T1 />T$4 ,A FLOOD ( DIFF]5T CURR5TS 5GULF$ ! NEW AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 :I* L$ TO AN 9CR$IBLE CONFUSION ( SPIRITS4 ,HAD ! MOVEM5T HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO PUBLICLY DEVELOP & SPIRITUALLY /R5G!N ITSELF = A FEW YE>S )\T ANY SETBACKS1 MANY ?\<TS ?AT !Y W\LD ACQUIRE W\LD HAVE HELP$ TO ACCEL]ATE & SPREAD !IR SPIRITUAL EVOLUTION4 ,UN=TUNATELY !Y W]5'T 9 ?AT K9D ( A SITUATION4 ,! MAJORITY ( ITS ADH]5TS AT ! TIME LACK$ ! SPIRITUAL MATURITY ?AT C\LD HAVE 5ABL$ !M TO PROVE & CRITICALLY VALUE ALL ! NEW ?\<TS ?AT W]E BE+ 9TRODUC$ AT ITS BOSOM4 

,N9ETY N9E P]C5T ( AN>*I/S 9 ,G]MANY AT ! TIME DIDN'T HAVE ANY IDEA ( ! ORIG9 & ASPIRATIONS ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,) =EIGN AN>*I/ P]IODICALS & PAMPHLETS !Y GOT TO KN[ SUP]FICIALLY A C]TA9 PHASE ( ! /RUGGLE1 BUT ! CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT DET]M9$ ! %APE ( ?IS PHASE ( ! MOVEM5T REMA9$ UNKN[N TO !M4 ,! COMRADES ?AT GOT TO KN[ ! P]IOD ( CONSPIRACY ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY W]E ALL1 )\T EXCEPTIONS1 ,AN>*O-,COMMUNI/S4 ,O!R T5D5CIES HADN'T EV5 BE5 HE>D (4 ,9 #a#h#i#a1 9 ,MUNI*1 ! FAM\S NOVEL BY ,JOHN ,H5RY ,MACKAY ,DIE ,AN>*I/5 APPE>$4 ,?IS BOOK CAUS$ A LOT ( TALK 9 ,G]MAN AN>*I/ CIRCLES1 DESPITE ITS WEAK !ORETICAL BASE4 ,9 ! GR\P MEET+S & ! NI<T DISS]TATIONS DISCUSSIONS ON ! QUE/ION 0,AN>*O-,COMMUNISM OR ,9DIVIDUALI/ ,AN>*ISM80 RAMBL$ ON =EV]4 ,! ONES ?AT REA*$ ! CONCLUSION ?AT SO CALL$ ,9DIVIDUALISM REPRES5T$ ! TRUE IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK ( ,AN>*ISM W]5'T FEW4 ,SOME ( !M1 AFT] ,MACKAY1 W5T SO F> AS TO S]I\SLY QUE/ION ! RI<T ( ! ADH]5TS TO ! ,COMMUNI/ T5D5CY TO TITLE !MSELVES AS AN>*I/S4 ,IT'S REM>KABLE H[ ! MO/ FANATICAL PROSELYTES ( FRE$OM >E EXACTLY ?OSE :O WI% TO LIMIT IT ! MO/4 

,A YE> LAT] !RE WAS A NEW $ITION ( ,/IRN]'S ,! ,EGO & ,ITS ,[N 9 ,RECLAM'S ,UNIV]SAL ,LIBR>Y1 A PIECE ?AT HAD BE5 COMPLETELY =GOTT5 7,! SECOND $ITION1 #a#h#e#b1 WASN'T V]Y DI/RIBUT$ & )9 AN>*I/ CIRCLE IT WAS PRACTICALLY UNKN[N74 ,! REAPPE>ANCE ( ?AT WEIRD PIECE IS AN IMPORTANT EV5T = ! ,G]MAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,ONLY A SMALL P]C5TAGE HAD ANY IDEA ( ! TIME & CIRCUM/ANCES ( ,/IRN]'S PIECE4 ,! GREAT IDEOLOGICAL /RUGGLES ( BE=E #ahdh HAD LONG BE5 =GOTT5 & CONSEQU5TLY MANY ( ! ONES ?AT AVIDLY /UDI$ ,! ,EGO1 HAD NO IDEA AB\T !M OR IF !Y DID KN[ AB\T !M1 IT WAS A V]Y LACK+ KN[L$GE ) NO WAY TO 9T]PRET ! POLEMICAL ATTACKS 9 ! BOOK4 ,IT'S EASY TO ASSUME SO1 S9CE ?AT P]IOD LEFT US NO TRACES ( LIT]ATURE PRES5T+ ! OPPOS+ VALUES ( ?OSE REMOTE TIMES4 ,AS A RESULT ,/IRN]'S WORKS BECAME = MANY A NEW ,MANIFE/1 A K9D ( ULTIMATE TRU? ?AT C\LD NOT BE BEAT54 ,P>ADOXICALLY1 ?IS CLASSICAL WORK ( REJECTIONS1 )\T A MAT* 9 LIT]ATURE1 WAS CONV]T$ BY MANY AN>*I/S 9TO A NEW ,BIBLE1 :I* ITSELF WAS V]Y COMM5T$ & 9T]PRET$1 & UN=TUNATELY !RE WAS NO LACK ( WRIT]S4 ,I ?9K IT'S A TRAG$Y ?AT ( ALL ! GREAT SPIRITS1 OR MAYBE SPIRIT 9 G5]AL1 IT'S ALWAYS ! MO/ OBTUSE & TA/ELESS *>LATANS ?AT >E ALWAYS READY TO TAKE ! ROLE ( ! APO/LES4 ,/IRN]1 ,NIETZS*E & BEYOND1 DIDN'T DES]V$ BETT] ?AN :AT !Y GOT4 ,9 MANY AN>*I/ GR\PS !RE W]E ,/IRNIAN WRIT]S ?AT W]E ALWAYS READY TO COMM5T ON ! EGOI/IC - ?AT1 ONE %\LD M5TION1 !Y DIDN'T UND]/& - & PREV5T+ ANY O!R REASONABLE WRIT+S4 ,?AT MEANT ?AT 9 EA* GR\P !RE C\LD ONLY BE ONE ( ?OSE SPIRITS1 BECAUSE :5 !RE WAS ANO!R SPIRIT 9 ! GR\P RUPTURE WAS UNAVOIDABLE & IT LEAD TO ! IMM$IATE =MATION ( A NEW GR\P4 ,?OSE ,G]MANS F\<T ESPECIALLY AGA9/ ALL ORGANIZ+ ACTIVITY1 LOOK+ D[N ON ! FLOCK ) A C]TA9 D]OGATORY PRIDE4 ,!Y EV5 =GOT ?AT ,/IRN] HIMSELF PUTS A RELATIVE VALUE ON ORGANIZATION :5 HE TALKS AB\T ! EGOTI/IC SOCIETIES4 ,I HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO /UDY SOME ( ?OSE :O FOLL[ !IR [N PA?1 ! ONES ?AT >E ALWAYS READY ) EMPTY PHRASES1 BRA9-DEAD H]D1 & ! IDIOTISM ( MASSES & EXP]I5CE HAS ALWAYS %[N ME ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ?OSE WEIRD SA9TS W]E ALWAYS AT ! SAME HEI<T ( ! SIMPLE ,MAN ( ! PEOPLE & ?AT = MANY ( !M ! EPI!T AT ! M>G9 ( ! MASSES WAS PR$ICTABLE4 ,! SAME OCCURR$ ) !IR AU?ORIT>IAN HI]>*Y4 ,!Y S\<T TO FALL UND] ANY AU?ORITY & !N R$UCE IT TO A%ES1 BUT !Y W]E ALWAYS ! MO/ 9TOL]ABLE & !Y HAD A /UBBORNNESS & SICK5+ OPPOSITION ?AT MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO WORK ) !M DUR+ ANY AM\NT ( TIME4 

,BUT !Y W]5'T ! ONLY 9FLU5CES OV] ! Y\NG MOVEM5T1 ?\< !Y W]E ! MO/ EFFECTIVELY PREJUDICIAL TO IT4 ,9 #ahib ,DR4 ,B5$ICT ,FRI$LA5D]'S WORK ,LIB]T>IAN ,SOCIALISM 9 OPPOSITION TO ! ,/ATE SLAV]Y ( ! ,M>XI/S 7,D] FREIHEITLI*E ,SOZIALISMUS IM ,GEG5SATZ ZUM ,/AATSKNE*T/HUM D] ,M>XI/57 WAS DI/RIBUT$1 A BOOK ?AT IS WOR?Y ( BE+ READ1 IT REM9D$ AN>*I/ ( ! VITAL WORK ( ,EUG5 ,DUHR+1 :I* WAS ALSO UNKN[N TO MO/ Y\NG PEOPLE4 ,?IS LEAD MANY AN>*I/S TO /UDY ,DUHR+'S ,WORKS1 EXACTLY :5 ! NEW T5D5CY WAS BEG9N+ TO $IT 9 #ahid !IR [N P]IODICAL ,D] ,MOD]NE ,VOLK]GEI/ 7,! ,MOD]N ,SPIRIT71 :I* W\LD 5ABLE A MORE 9T5SIVE PROPAGATION ( !IR IDEAS4 

,FUR!RMORE !RE WAS ! MOVEM5T ?AT FAVOR$ ! 0FREEL&0 ADVOCAT$ BY ,!ODOR ,H]TZKA1 :I* HAD SU* A P[]FUL 9FLU5CE 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ?AT IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO ASSESS IT4 ,HIS WORKS ,FREEL&1 ,A ,TRIP TO ,FREEL&1 ETC4 W]E READ 9 ! ,G]MAN AN>*I/ CIRCLES & FREQU5TLY COMM5T$ ON 9 ,D] ,SOZIALI/4 

,9 #a#h#i#d1 ,DR4 ,BRUNO ,WILLE PUBLI%$ HIS WORK ,PHILOSOPHIE D] ,BEFREIUNG DUR* DAS RE9E ,MITTEL 7,PHILOSOPHY ( ! EMANCIPATION BY A PURE WAY71 :I* ALSO CAUS$ BIG DIFF]5CES ( OP9ION1 S9CE IT ONCE AGA9 BR\<T TO ! SPOTLI<T ! QUE/ION ON ! USE ( VIOL5CE AS A TACTIC = /RUGGLE1 A TACTIC ?AT ,WILLE REJECT$4 ,ONE C\LD TALK AB\T A FEW O!R ?+S ?AT ALSO HAD 9FLU5CE OV] ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY1 BUT IT'S ONLY NECESS>Y TO TAKE NOTICE ( ! MORE IMPORTANT CURR5TS4 ,WE AGA9 REPEAT ?AT ALL ( ?OSE NEW IDEAS & GOALS >\ND ! Y\NG MOVEM5T C\LD HAVE USEFUL & ADVANTAGE\S1 HAD !RE BE5 5\< TIME TO SPIRITUALLY /R5G!N ONESELF & TO E/ABLI% BASES = !IR ACTIVITY4 ,BUT SADLY ?AT WASN'T ! CASE2 ALL !SE NEW T5D5CIES FUNCTION$ AS GUNP[D] ON ! Y\NG MOVEM5T1 GRADUALLY DE/ROY+ IT FROM ! 9SIDE4 ,! $ITORIAL TEAM ( ,D] ,SOZIALI/1 :I* HAD 9 ,GU/AV ,L&AU] AN ADMIRABLE REPRES5TATIVE1 COMMITT$ ITSELF TO UNIT+ & $UCAT+ ! MOVEM5T FROM ! 9SIDE1 BUT ?IS WAS NO EASY TASK AS ! ATROCI\S P]SECUTIONS & TAUNT+ FROM ! POLICE ?AT ! MOVEM5T HAD TO 5DURE MADE IT GRADUALLY H>D]4 ,! PLOTS FROM ,RAVA*OL1 ,VAILLANT1 ,H5RY1 ,PALLAS & O!RS ?AT OCCURR$ 9 ,FRANCE & ,SPA9 DROVE ! ,G]MAN POLICE MAD & L$ IT TO *ASE D[N AN>*I/S F]OCI\SLY4 ,! P]SECUTIONS FELL OV] ! MOVEM5T LIKE HAIL & W]E DIRECT$ ESPECIALLY AGA9/ ! $ITORS ( ,D] ,SOZIALI/1 :I* !Y 9T5D$ TO DE/ROY AT ALL CO/S4 ,9 ITS %ORT EXI/5CE1 FROM ,NOVEMB] #ahia TO ,JANU>Y #a#h#i#e1 SEV5TE5 $ITORS W]E ACCUS$ &1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ?OSE ?AT MANAG$ TO ESCAPE ABROAD1 ALL ( !M W]E CONDEMN$4 ,:5 ?IS HAD NO FUR!R RESULTS1 !Y EV5 BROKE ! LAW1 ) ! GOAL ( DE/ROY+ ! P]IODICAL1 UNTIL !Y F9ALLY SUCCE$$4 

,*APT] #e 

,! $ITORS ( ,D] ,SOZIALI/ CONSID]$ PUBLI%+ IT ABROAD1 BUT AFT] A SEV5 MON? /&-/ILL !Y MANAG$ TO PUBLI% IT 9 ,B]L9 AGA94 ,BUT ! /YLE & CONT5T ( ! WRIT+ *ANG$4 ,! NEW ,SOZIALI/ LO/ ! TONE FROM ITS FIR/ YE>S ( A BRAVE Y\?2 IT N[ DEALT EXCLUSIVELY ) PURELY !ORETICAL QUE/IONS4 ,IT HI<LY CONTRIBUT$ TO !SE QUE/IONS2 ,I REMEMB] = 9/ANCE ITS ADMIRABLE /UDIES ( ,M>XISM &1 ESPECIALLY1 ITS CRITICAL ANALYSIS ( ,HI/ORICAL ,MAT]IALISM1 :I* W]E WIDELY /UDI$4 

,! >TICLES ( ,DR4 ,EUG5E ,SMI?1 ,LADISLAU]1 ,GUMPL[ICZ1 ,B5$ICT ,FRI$-L&]1 ,BRUNO ,WILLE1 ,OMM]BORN1 ,BRUDE1 ETC41 DESPITE ALL !IR K9DNESS1 C\LD NOT ANSW] ! NE$S ( ! AN>*I/ WORK]S ?AT W]5'T 9/RUCT$ 5\< TO APPRECIATE !IR 9TELLECTUAL IDEALIZATIONS4 ,LOGICALLY ?IS L$ TO A DEEP CONFUSION )9 ! ,B]L9 MOVEM5T & IT LAT] EXT5D$ 9TO O!R LOCALITIES4 ,! $ITORS ( ,D] ,SOZIALI/ REALIZ$ ?AT SOME?+ NE$$ TO BE DONE TO ATTEMPT TO SMOO? \T ! CONTRADICTIONS ?AT KEPT GETT+ MORE SIGNIFICANT4 ,SO1 9 #a#h#i#f1 !Y F\ND$ ! ,ANN5 ,KONRAD 7,! POOR ,CONRAD74 ,IT WAS A SORT ( POPUL> SUPPLEM5T TO ! ,SOZIALI/4 ,?IS NEW P]IODICAL1 ALSO UND] ! GUIDANCE ( ,ALB]T ,WEIDN]1 WAS ALSO WELL DESIGN$1 BUT ITS =MAT WAS TOO SMALL TO OCCUPY ! EXI/+ VOID4 ,MEAN:ILE ! DIV]G5CES CAUS$ BY ,D] ,SOZIALI/'S NATURE DEEP5$4 ,EV5 ?\< ) A BIT ( GOOD WILL1 A COMPROMISE ?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 FAVORABLE & REASONABLE = ! :OLE MOVEM5T C\LD HAVE BE5 REA*$ ?AT WAS NOT ! CASE AS 9 ,G]MANY !SE DISPUTES DAT$ BACK TO A TIME ) A MU* MORE HO/ILE *>ACT]1 MORE HO/ILE ?AN ANY:]E ELSE4 

,?AT'S :Y 9 #ahig SOME ( ! ELEM5TS ?AT W]E UNHAPPY ) ,D] ,SOZIALI/ =M$ A NEW AN>*I/ P]IODICAL1 ,NEUES ,LEB5 7,NEW ,LIFE74 ,BUT ! NEW P]IODICAL DIDN'T G5]ATE ANY P>TICUL> HONOR = ITS PROMIS+ TITLE1 DESPITE !IR $ITORS' GOOD MOTIVES !Y LACK$ ! CAPACITY ?AT IS NE$$ TO PUBLI% A WELL $IT$ & =MATT$ P]IODICAL4 ,DESPITE ALL ( ?IS IT MANAG$ TO \TLIVE ,D] ,SOZIALI/1 :I*1 9 #a#h#i#i1 AFT] LONG & DIFFICULT F9ANCIAL /RUGGLES /OPP$ BE+ PUBLI%$4 

,OBVI\SLY ?IS WASN'T A GOOD SIGN = ! SPIRITUAL /R5G? ( ! MOVEM5T ?AT A PAP] LIKE ! ,NEUES ,LEB5 MANAG$ TO MUSCLE \T AN EXCELL5T & RE/RA9$ PAP] SU* AS ,D] ,SOZIALI/4 ,BUT SU* EV5TS HAVE TO BE JUDG$ FROM ANO!R PO9T ( VIEW AS WELL4 ,!RE'S NO D\BT ?AT AT ! TIME1 AMONG ,G]MAN AN>*I/S !RE W]E SOME ELEM5TS ?AT W]E MORE DISILLUSION$ SOCIALI/ ?AN !Y W]E AN>*I/S4 ,?AT ELEM5T /ILL HASN'T DISAPPE>$ FROM ALL ( ,G]MANY4 

,IT IS EASY TO UND]/& ?AT ,D] ,SOZIALI/ WASN'T A P]IODICAL ?AT !Y F\ND APPROPRIATE = !M1 BUT !RE WAS ANO!R CAUSE ?AT TOOK AN IMPORTANT P>T 9 ! DISPUTES AMONG AN>*I/S ?AT MAY HAVE HAD A DECISIVE IMPORTANCE4 ,SOME ( ! AN>*I/ WORK]S 9/9CTIVELY FELT ?AT ! POSITIONS TAK5 BY ,D] ,SOZIALI/ W]E GETT+ F>!R & F>!R AWAY FROM ?OSE ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ?IS WAS DUE TO ! FACT ?AT A CONSID]ABLE P>T ( ITS WRIT]S GOT /UCK 9 IDEALS & COMPLETELY LO/ T\* ) ! DAILY /RUGGLES FAC$ 9 LIFE4 ,ONE C\LD FEEL ?AT ! 9T]NAL CONTACT ) ! WORK]'S MOVEM5T 9 G5]AL WAS GETT+ WEAK] DAY BY DAY1 & ?AT !RE W\LD AN ACCID5T ?AT W\LD HURT ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! MOVEM5T4 

,!SE ?+S >E1 G5]ALLY1 BETT] UND]/OOD & FELT BY ! SIMPLE WORK] ?AN BY ! 9TELLECTUAL1 DESPITE SOMETIMES NOT HAV+ ! SAME EASE TO EXPRESS SU* FEEL+S4 ,! MAJORITY ( ,G]MAN COMRADES WANT$ AN AN>*I/ WORK]'S MOVEM5T & !Y 9/9CTIVELY FELT ?AT OV]LY UNILAT]AL ACC5TUATION ( PURELY AB/RACT !ORIES OV] ! UNLIMIT$ SOV]EIGNTY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & O!R ANALOG\S ?+S FROM :I* ONE CAN CONCLUDE EV]Y?+ ?AT IS POSSIBLE & IMPOSSIBLE1 W\LD REMOVE ! MASSES FROM ! MOVEM5T & CONV]T IT TO A FOSSILIZ$ SECT4 ,?IS L$ MANY TO HAVE A FIRM ATTITUDE AGA9/ ,D] ,SOZIALI/ & TO TAKE O!R PA?S4 ,! BITT] 9JU/ICE TO PEOPLE LIKE ,GU/AV ,L&AU] ?AT RESULT$ FROM ?IS IS TRULY A %AME1 BO? FROM ! ,HUMANIT>IAN PO9T ( VIEW & ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,A QUICK LOOK AT HIS EXCELL5T ,MANIFE/ TO ,SOCIALISM IS 5\< TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ,L&AU] WAS ONE ( ! FEW 9 ,G]MANY ?AT DEEPLY UND]/OOD ! SOCIAL SIDE ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,BUT IT W\LD ALSO BE UNFAIR TO ATTRIBUTE EV]Y?+1 9 ?OSE DISPUTES1 TO CLA%ES ( P]SONALITY & SPIRITUAL RE/RICTIONS1 EV5 ?\< !Y >E UN=TUNATE OCCURR5CES ?AT ACCOMPANI$ ! EV5TS4 

,COMMON S5SE L$ A LOT ( AN>*I/ WORK]S TO DESIRE A MORE P[]FUL ROOT = ! UNION BETWE5 ,AN>*ISM & ! WORK]'S MOVEM5T4 ,= MANY IT WAS PROBABLY MORE DUE TO 9/9CT ?AN KN[L$GE4 ,ONE C\LD FEEL ! 9T]NAL NECESSITY1 BUT !RE WASN'T ANY C]TA9TY OV] ! RI<T PA? TO TAKE4 ,! P]IOD ( ! ,NEUES ,LEB5 WASN'T EV5 AN ACTUAL PA?1 ?\< TO SOME IT ACCEL]AT$ !IR 9T]NAL UND]/&+S1 DESPITE ITS /RONG 9FLU5CE FROM EV5TS ABROAD4 ,! Y\NG SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,FRANCE DEVELOP$ ) AN A/ONI%+ SPE$ & MANY ACTIVE AN>*I/S COMMITT$ ALL !IR 5]GIES TO IT1 P>TICIPAT+ 9 NUM]\S /RUGGLES4 ,! MASS MOVEM5T ROSE AFT] YE>S ( HIB]NATION DUR+ ! TIME ( ! ,/ATE ( ,EXCEPTION4 ,! GR&IOSE IDEA ( A ,G5]AL ,/RIKE />T$ TO GET SUPPORT]S AMONG ! MASSES 9 ! ,LAT9 C\NTRIES & UND] ! DIRECT 9FLU5CE ( ! WORK]'S /RUGGLES ?AT DUR+ ! PRES5T C5TURY AFFECT$ ,SPA91 ,FRANCE1 ,ITALY1 ,FR5* ,SWITZ]L&1 ,NE!RL&S1 ,HUNG>Y & O!R C\NTRIES ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T />T$ A NEW EVOLUTION>Y PHASE1 ?AT BR\<T IT CLOS] TO ITS F\ND]S4 

,9 ,JANU>Y #aid ! ,D] ,FREIE ,>BEIT] 7,! ,FREE ,WORK]7 />T$ BE+ PUBLI%$ 9 ,B]L91 ITS $ITORS PUT !MSELVES 5TIRELY 9 ! FIELD ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES1 & IT DEF5D$ DIRECT ACTION & ! G5]AL /RIKE4 ,A /RONG CASE = ?OSE TACTICS HAD ALREADY BE5 MADE BY ,RUDOLF ,LANGE & O!R COMRADES1 :I* IS :Y !Y PUBLI%$ ! ,AN>*I/4 ,BUT1 AT ! TIME TO PLACE ONESELF 9 ! MASS REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 ! SUBJECT ( ORGANIZATION CAME UP ONCE AGA9 &1 9 FACT1 ,LANGE WAS ONE ( ! /RONGE/ SUPPORT]S ( L>GE SCALE AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 & HIS /AUN* DEF5SE ( ?IS POSITION FREQU5TLY /IRR$ UP OPPOSITION AMONG HIS ,G]MAN COMRADES4 ,:5 ! ,G]MAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION'S ,MANHEIM ,CONF]5CE 7#a#i#g7 E/ABLI%$ L9ES ( CONDUCT 9 ?AT REG>D1 IT1 AS EXPECT$1 CAUS$ SEV]AL PEOPLE TO PROTE/ AGA9/ IT1 9 !SE COMPLA9TS ! AUTOCRATIC ABSOLUTE AUTONOMY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL PLAY$ A BIG ROLE4 

,EV5TS ( ! SORT HAPP5$ BASICALLY EV]Y:]E1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 !Y W]E MATT]S ?AT %\LD HAVE ! SAME EFFECT EV]Y:]E4 ,! FAM\S ,DUT* AN>*I/1 REPORT$ ON IT DETAILLY 9 HIS 9T]E/+ /UDY1 ,! ,EVOLUTION ( ,AN>*ISM 7,UEB] DIE ,EVOLUTION DES ,AN>*ISMUS71 :]E HE /ATES ! FOLL[+ OP9ION3 

,9 SEV]AL MOD]N C\NTRIES ,AN>*ISM HAS PRES5T$ ITSELF AS A PRACTICAL PA? = OPPOSITION TO ! C5TRALIZATION & DISCIPL9E ( SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY4 ,BUT SAID OPPOSITION1 AS USUALLY OCCURS 9 OPPOSITION MOVEM5TS1 QUICKLY W5T TO ! O!R EXTREME4 ,! 9FLU5CE ( ! LIB]T>IAN & >TI/ ELEM5TS GREATLY CONTRIBUT$ TO ,9DIVIDUALISM1 L5D+ IT SOME SUPPORT1 AS A !ORY & EV5 CAUS+ DISORGANIZATION ALL OV] ! MOVEM5T4 ,ESPECIALLY AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! #i? DECADE ( ! PA/ C5TURY1 :5 9DIVIDUAL ACTION WAS RESPONSIBLE = SEV]AL BOMB ATTEMPTS4 ,! ,9DIVIDUALI/ CRITIC 9 ,ITALY1 ,G]MANY1 ,NE!RL&S1 ,BOHEMIA1 ETC41 FIR/LY ATTACK$ ! =M ( ORGANIZATION & LAT] ! ORGANIZATION ITSELF4 ,9 ! ,UNIONS ! 9DIVIDUALI/ SPIRIT ( DISORGANIZATION APPE>$ & MANY ( ! REC5TLY F\ND$ ORGANIZATIONS PUT =W>D ! PRELIM9>Y QUE/ION ( :AT /ATUTES & REPRES5TATIVES BR+ ) !M ! SE$S = NEW DOM9ATION4 ,NOT SATISFI$ ) CRITICIZ+ ! ABUSES ( ! ORGANIZATIONS & ! US+ ALL ME?ODS POSSIBLE TO AVOID ! PRESID5TS ( ! ,UNIONS FROM HAV+ TOO MU* P[]1 S9CE !Y >E SIMPLY ! M&AT>IES ( ! ASSOCIATES1 ! 9DIVIDUALI/S QUICKLY />T$ TO FI<T ! ORGANIZATIONS !MSELVES1 AS !Y ALWAYS SAW NEW TYRANTS :]E !RE WAS A SIMPLE REGULATION ( ! SIMPLE/ ( ,UNION PROC$URES4 ,9 !SE CASES1 LIKE O!RS1 WORDS LIKE DICTATOR%IP ( ! MAJORITY OV] ! M9ORITY & REPRESSION ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM W]E US$4 ,BUT1 ! 9DIVIDUALI/ CRITIC WAS UNABLE TO NOTICE ?AT A WORK]'S ORGANIZATION NOT HAV+ REGULATIONS !RE IS A GREAT] EASE = P]SONAL AU?ORITY & ! DICTATOR%IP ( 9DIVIDUAL ACTION1 JU/ LIKE 9 ! OLD ASSOCIATIONS4 ,9DIVIDUALISM HAD A GREAT] EFFECT ?AN ! ,UNIONS1 9 ! TIME ( TRANSITION ( :I* WE >E TALK+ AB\T1 9 GR\PS & C5T]S ( /UDY & AGITATION ?AT S\<T TO PLACE !MSELVES DIRECTLY AGA9/ SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY4 ,NOT TOO LONG AGO SEV]AL C\NTRIES DISCUSS$ PROBLEMS LIKE3 ,IS IT NOT AGA9/ 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM TO VOTE & E/ABLI% RESOLUTIONS 9 REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS8 ,IS ONE AU?ORIZ$ TO NOM9ATE A *AIRMAN TO TAKE NOTES ( ?OSE ?AT ASK TO SPEAK1 A SECRET>Y OR1 ESPECIALLY1 A TREASUR]1 S9CE !Y >E ALL RESPONSIBLE T[>DS ! MEMB]S & ?IS W\LD E/ABLI% A NEW DOM9ATION AS ?AT ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS8 ,BESIDES1 9 REG>DS TO RESPONSIBILITY1 ! SOV]EIGN 9DIVIDUAL [ES HIMSELF RESPONSIBILITY4 ,DON'T ?9K ?AT ?IS IS EXAGG]AT$4 ,EV]Y TIME ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CONGRESS ( ,LONDON1 9 #a#h#i#f1 TRI$ TO APPROVE A RESOLUTION !RE W\LD BE A ,/IRNIAN PROTE/+3 ,:AT A RESOLUTION8 ,I DON'T WANT ANY RESOLUTIONS6 ,I DIDN'T COME H]E TO MAKE PACTS6 ,I WANT TO BE ,M,Y,S,E,L,F6 ,BUT AT ! TIME1 ! COMMUNI/ CURR5T HAD ! SUPREMACY & RESPOND$3 ,Y\ C\LD HAVE DONE ?AT AT HOME6 ,DON'T COME H]E JU/ TO BO!R US4 

,I QUOT$ ,CORNELISS5 9 SU* A DETAIL$ MANN] BECAUSE HE HIT IT \T ( ! P>K ) HIS CONSID]ATIONS & :AT HE TALK$ AB\T /ILL EXI/S TO ?IS DAY4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ! SPIRIT ( ! TIME HASN'T YET COMPLETELY DISAPPE>$ FROM ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY & CONT9UES TO DRIFT BETWE5 PEOPLE ?AT EASILY GET DRUNK ON HOLL[ S5T5CES & ?AT HAVE NO ABILITY TO DELVE 9TO ! SUB/ANCE ( ! CONCEPTS4 ,!SE PEOPLE >E ATTA*$ TO ! EXT]IOR ASPECTS ( ?+S1 BECAUSE !Y SUFF] FROM AN 9CURABLE FETI%ISM ?AT MAKES !M SEE ! PRODUCT ( !IR IMAG9ATION AS REALITY4 ,I ONLY NE$ TO REMEMB] ! PAMPHLET ?AT ! ,BOLSA DE ,OBR]OS ,MOZOS CONV5I5TLY DECID$ TO PUBLI% AT ! TIME ( ! LA/ SYNDICALI/ CONGRESS 9 ,DUSSELDORF4 ,! AU?ORIT>IAN HI]>*IES REMA9$ 9TACT ) ! PASS+ ( TIME4 ,ONLY ONE ?+ *ANG$1 ! LITTLE PAP] WAS CALL$ ,D] ,VORGES*OB5E1 & ?AT WAS NEW4 ,9 A SOCIETY SO CONC5TRAT$ ON ! SOV]EIGN 9DIVIDUAL1 !RE W]E /ILL H]DS2 SOME?+ NOBODY EV] ?\<T W\LD BE POSSIBLE4 ,AP>T FROM ?AT1 !Y W]E JU/ <O/S ( ! PA/ RETURN+ 9 ! D>K ( ! EV5+1 BE=E ! BRI<TNESS ( DAWN4 

,JU/ :5 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS RETURN+ TO ! ORGANIZATION ( ! MASSES1 AS !IR ANTECESSORS DID 9 ! TIME ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! PROBLEM ( ORGANIZATION CAME1 NATURALLY1 BACK TO SURFACE & IT WAS ! MA9 REASON = ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS ( ,AM/]DAM 7#a#i#g7 & = ! CREATION ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! ,FR5* COMRADE ,DUNOIS />T$ ! DEF5SE ( ,AN>*ISM & ORGANIZATION ) A SMALL CONNECTION1 9 :I* HE NOT$ ! SOCIAL *>ACT] ( ! ,AN>*I/ IDEALS & DECL>$ ,AN>*ISM NOT AS ,9DIVIDUALI/1 BUT AS ,F$]ALI/ 9 ALL SUBJECTS4 ,9 ! DISCUSSION ALL COMRADES1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ! ,DUT* ,9DIVIDUALI/ ,CROISET1 DEF5D$ ! NE$ = ORGANIZATION4 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ! ET]NAL *AMPION ( ORGANIZATION1 DID SO P>TICUL>LY WELL4 

,MALATE/A SAID ?AT WE %\LDN'T FALL 9TO ! FALSE CONCEPTION1 ?AT ! LACK ( ORGANIZATION IS A GU>ANTEE ( FRE$OM2 PA/ EV5TS HAVE %[N US ! CONTR>Y ( ?IS /ATEM5T4 ,AN EXAMPLE3 !RE >E P]IODICALS 9 ,FRANCE ?AT DON'T DEP5D ON ANY ORGANIZATION1 BUT ?AT >E CLOS$ TO ALL :OSE IDEAS1 /YLE & ATTITUDE >5'T :AT ! $ITOR WANTS4 ,?IS RESULTS 9 A SITUATION :]E A FEW 9DIVIDUALS POSSESS ! P[] TO LIMIT ! FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION ( O!RS1 UNLIKE A P]IODICAL ?AT IS $IT$ BY AN ORGANIZATION4 ,AU?ORITY & AU?ORIT>IANISM >E FREQU5TLY SPOK5 (4 ,LET'S MAKE IT CLE>1 ONCE & = ALL1 :AT ONE MEANS BY IT4 ,!RE'S NO D\BT ?AT WE REBEL1 & WILL ALWAYS REBEL1 AGA9/ ! AU?ORITY FROM ! ,/ATE1 :I* ONLY SEEKS TO MA9TA9 SOCIETY'S ECONOMIC SLAV]Y1 BUT NO AN>*I/1 )\T EXCEPTIONS1 W\LD REFUSE TO RESPECT ! PURELY MORAL AU?ORITY ?AT RESULTS FROM EXP]I5CE1 9TELLIG5CE & TAL5T4 ,IT'S A S]I\S ]ROR TO ACCUSE ! ADH]5TS ( ORGANIZATION1 ! ,F$]ALI/S1 ( AU?ORIT>IANISM & IT'S A BIG ]ROR TO BELIEVE ?AT ! SO CALL$ 5EMIES ( ORGANIZATION1 ,9DIVIDUALI/S1 VOLUNT>ILY DOOM$ !MSELVES TO COMPLETE ISOLATION4 ,I'M ( ! OP9ION ?AT ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ,9DIVIDUALI/S & ADH]5TS TO ORGANIZATION1 CONSI/S MO/LY ( PHRASES :I* >E VOID ( ANY VALUE 9 PRACTICAL SITUATIONS4 ,9 ,ITALY1 IT'S FREQU5T = ,9DIVIDUALI/S TO NOT REALIZE ?AT !Y >E AGA9/ ORGANIZATION1 !M BE+ BETT] ORGANIZ$ ?AN ! DEF5D]S ( ORGANIZATION1 :I* >E ALWAYS DEF5D+ ! NECESSITY = ORGANIZATION1 BUT NEV] IMPLEM5T IT4 ,ALSO1 FREQU5TLY 9 GR\PS :]E 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM IS SO ADVOCAT$ ?AT !RE'S MORE AU?ORIT>IANISM ?AN 9 SOCIETIES ?AT >E CALL$1 BY !M1 AU?ORIT>IAN ONLY BECAUSE !Y HAVE A ,*AIRMAN & PASS RESOLUTIONS4 ,5\< ( EMPTY WORDS1 LET'S D$ICATE \RSELVES BETT] ON PRACTICAL ACTIONS4 ,WORDS SEP>ATE1 ACTIONS UNITE4 ,IT'S AB\T TIME ?AT WE ORGANIZE \R =CES TO OBTA9 DECISIVE 9FLU5CE OV] SOCIAL EV5TS4 

,) ?AT 9 M9D1 ! ,CONGRESS TOOK SEV]AL DECISIONS1 SUBSEQU5TLY CREAT+ AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,BUREAU 9 ORD] TO EASE ! RELATION%IPS BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! SECOND CONGRESS ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 :I* WAS SUPPOS$ TO HAPP5 9 ! SUMM] ( #aiad 9 ,LONDON & ( :I* ! DELEGATES ( #ba ,EUROPEAN & ,AM]ICAN C\NTRIES HAD BE5 NOTIFI$1 WAS 9T]RUPT$ BY ! ,WORLD ,W>4 ,! W> BROKE \T JU/ :5 IT WAS MO/ NE$$ = ! CONGRESS TO OCCUR & ! FIVE MEMB]S ( ! ,BUREAU W]E LAT] ON DISP]S$ 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES4 

,! FIR/ P>T ( ! GIGANTIC CATA/ROPHE WAS N[ BEH9D US & IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO PR$ICT :AT W\LD COME ) ! SECOND P>T4 ,WE CAN ONLY MAKE VAGUE ASSUMPTIONS4 ,WE HAVE NUM]\S PROBLEMS AWAIT+ SOLUTIONS4 ,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T SUFF]$ ! CONSEQU5CES ( W> & COMRADES EV]Y:]E %\LD DO EV]Y?+ !Y CAN TO UNITE & RE9VIGORATE \R DISP]S$ =CES BACK 9TO ! ACTION4 ,IT'S N[ KN[N ?AT ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T NE$ AN ORGANIZ+ BASE 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 EFFECTIVE RESULTS 9 ! GREAT /RUGGLES ?AT >E AHEAD ( US & SO ?AT ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S1 ( ONE CURR5T OR ANO!R1 TO REAP ! FRUITS ( ! SE$S ( \R ACTIVITY & SACRIFICE4 ,RUSSIA GAVE US A GREAT EXAMPLE 9 ?AT S5SE1 !RE ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 DESPITE ITS HUGE 9FLU5CE ON ! PEOPLE & SACRIFICES ( AN>*I/S = ! REVOLUTION1 5D$ AS A VICTIM ( ITS [N 9T]NAL SCATT] & DISORGANIZATION4 ,IT HELP$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS CLIMB TO P[] & N[ \R COMRADES FEEL ! BITT] RESULT4 ,! SAME WILL HAPP5 EV]Y:]E :ILE WE FAIL TO UNITE ) C]TA9 L9ES ( CONDUCT & UNITE \R =CES 9TO ORGANIZATIONS4 

,9 ,FRANCE \R COMRADES UNIT$ 9 ! ,UNION ,AN>*I/E & HAVE BE5 C>RY+ \T SATISFACTORY ACTIVITY4 ,9 ,ITALY ! ,UNION ,AN>QUI/A IS ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT & 9FLU5TIAL ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! ,ITALIAN WORK]'S MOVEM5T4 ,9 ,SPA91 :]E AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS CONC5TRAT$ !IR PROPAG&A & ORGANIZ+ ACTIVITIES 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T1 RI<T AFT] ! W> ! ,CONF$]ACION DEL ,TRABAJO WAS M>VEL\SLY DEVELOP$4 ,AFT] A :OLE /R+ ( /RUGGLES IT WAS 9 A WAY DISPOSSESS$ ( !IR PUBLICITY BY ! REACTION ?AT ONCE AGA9 OCCURR$ !RE1 DUR+ ! LA/ C\PLE ( YE>S1 BUT DESPITE !SE P]SECUTIONS ?AT IT SUFF]$ & /ILL SUFF]S IT HAS NOT DISAPPE>$4 ,?ANKS TO !IR UNBREAKABLE ORGANIZ+ ACTIVITY1 \R ,SPANI% COMRADES MANAG$ TO RESI/ ! VIOL5T ATTACKS ( ! REACTION & TO REAFFIRM ! /ABILITY ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,9 ,PORTUGAL & ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 :]E ! MOVEM5TS >E SIMIL> TO ! ,SPANI% ONE1 \R COMRADES HAVE GREATLY CONTRIBUTES 9 ! FIELDS ( ORGANIZATION & !Y HOLD ! BE/ ( HOPES = ! FUTURE4 

,9 ,G]MANY ,AN>*ISM HAS GA9$ SOME SOLID GR\ND1 FROM ! REVOLUTION1 DUE TO ! /RONG DEVELOPM5T ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T :I* 9CLUDES ALL ELEM5TS ( ! AN>*I/ WORK]'S MOVEM5T4 ,9 MY OP9ION ?IS IS ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT EV5T 9 ! EVOLUTION ( ,AN>*ISM 9 ,G]MANY1 DESPITE IT NOT BE+ VALU$ 5\< BY ! COMRADES :O SUPPOS$LY %\LD =M ! BASE ( ! WORK]'S MOVEM5T & ORGANIZATION4 ,! P]SON :O VALUES ! :OLE ODYSSEY ( SAID DEVELOPM5T WILL CONCLUDE ?AT ?OSE COMRADES ?AT >E NO LONG] NEW TO ! MOVEM5T %\LD BE P>TICUL>LY 9T]E/$ 9 ACCEL]AT+ IT AS MU* AS POSSIBLE1 S9CE A BIG DIVISIONISM AS WE SEE TODAY ) MO/ EXTREMI/ ORGANIZATIONS W\LD MEAN A COLLAPSE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T FROM :I* IT W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO PIECE ITSELF BACK TOGE!R4 

,*APT] #f 

,WE DON'T WANT !RE TO BE ANY CONFUSION4 ,\R /RONG DEF5SE ( ORGANIZATION DOESN'T MEAN ?AT WE CLAIM ?AT IT'S A M$IC9E = ALL DISEASES4 ,WE KN[ WELL ?AT FIR/ & =EMO/ IS ! SPIRIT ?AT 9VIGORATES & 9SPIRES A MOVEM5T2 :5 !RE'S A LACK ( SU* A SPIRIT1 ORGANIZATION IS ( NO USE4 ,Y\ CAN'T BR+ ! DEAD BACK TO LIFE BY ORGANIZ+ !M4 ,:AT WE DO ?9K IS ?AT :]EV] ! SPIRIT & NECESS>Y =CES EXI/1 ! ORGANIZATION ( =CES ?R\< A F$]ALI/ F\NDATION IS ! BE/ ME?OD TO REA* GREAT RESULTS4 ,9 ORGANIZ+ !RE'S A FIELD ( ACTIVITY = ALL4 ,! CLOSE COOP]ATION ( ! 9DIVIDUALS = A COMMON CAUSE IS A P[]FUL PA? = ! SURGE ( MORAL =CE & SOLID>ITY 9 EA* MEMB]4 ,IT'S ABSOLUTELY FALSE TO /ATE ?AT ONE LOSES 9DIVIDUALITY & P]SONAL S5TIM5TS 9 AN ORGANIZATION1 ?ANKS TO ! CON/ANT CONTACT ) EQUALS ! BE/ QUALITIES ( ! P]SONALITY COME TO SURFACE4 ,IF BY ,9DIVIDUALISM ONE UND]/&S NO?+ MORE ?AN ! CON/ANT POLI%+ ( ! 0,ME0 & ! RIDICUL\S NOTION ?AT 9 ALL CLOSE CONTACT ) O!RS !RE IS A DANG] = ! P]SON ITSELF1 !N 7S7HE'S =GETT+ ?AT ! GREATE/ OB/ACLE TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9DIVIDUALITY IS EXACTLY ?AT4 ,! CLOS] ONE IS CONNECT$ TO HIS_/H] FELL[ ,MAN & ! MORE PR(\NDLY FEELS JOYS & PA9S1 ! DEEP] & RI*] IS HIS_/H] P]SONAL FEEL+S & ! GREAT] IS ! 9DIVIDUALITY4 ,P]SONAL FEEL+S & DEVELOP$ AS A DIRECT RESULT ( SOCIAL S5TIM5TS4 

,AS SU* ,AN>*ISM IS NOT OPPOS$ TO ORGANIZATION1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ,AN>*ISM IS ITS /RONGE/ SUPPORT]1 ?IS ASSUM+ ?AT IT'S A NATURAL ORGANIZATION ON EV]Y LEVEL ?AT RESULT$ FROM ! COMMON RELATION%IPS ( PEOPLE & ?AT F9DS ITS EXPRESSION 9 A F$]ATIVE COOP]ATION ( =CES4 ,AS A RESULT IT OPPOSES ALL IMPOSITION ( COOP]ATION FROM ! TOP OV] ! RE/ ( ! PEOPLE1 BECAUSE IT DE/ROYS NATURAL RELATION%IPS BETWE5 !M1 :I* IS ! BASE = ALL REAL ORGANIZATION & IT COV]TS EA* 9DIVIDUAL 9TO A P>T ( A MA*9E ?AT WORKS = ! 9T]E/S ( ! PRIVILEG$4 

,ONE CAN1 LIKE ,MALATE/A1 RE/ ! :OLE WEI<T ON ! ORGANIZATIONS ( AN>*I/ GR\PS & !IR F$]ATIVE UNION4 ,OR ONE CAN1 LIKE ,KROPOTK91 DEF5D ?AT AN>*I/S %\LD REMA9 ) !IR SMALL GR\PS & RE/ ! :OLE WEI<T ( !IR ACTIVITIES 9 ! SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,ONE CAN EV5 TAKE ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME1 ! GREAT COMRADE ( ,BAKUN91 ?AT ONE %\LDN'T EV5 TALK ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 S9CE ONE %\LD WORK EXCLUSIVELY 9 REVOLUTION>Y UNIONS TO PROPAGATE ! EVOLUTION & DEEP5+ ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM4 ,!SE >E DIFF]5CES /ANCES ?AT %\LD BE DISCUSS$1 BUT 9 ALL ( !M ! NE$ = ORGANIZATION IS /AT$4 

,N[1 BE=E ! /ORM COMES1 ?AT NE$ IS ALL ! MORE URG5T4 ,! SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS HAVE BECOME MORE PALPABLE 9 ALL C\NTRIES & HUGE MASSES ( ! PROLET>IAT >E /ILL DOM9AT$ BY ! BELIEF ?AT ! USE ( ,/ATE VIOL5CE BY ?IS SAME PROLET>IAT PUTS IT UND] CONDITIONS TO SOLVE ! SOCIAL PROBLEM4 ,NOT EV5 ! FRI<T5+ COLLAPSE ( ! ,EA/ CAN CURE ! MAJORITY FROM ?AT CONCEIT$NESS4 ,IT'S ABSURD TO ?9K ?AT ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM LO/ ITS P[] OV] ! MASSES4 ,QUITE ! OPPOSITE1 OV] IT & ALL O!R K9DS ( SLAV]Y ONE HAS TO PLACE ! ,I,D,E,A,L ,( ,F,R,E,$,O,M ,& ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,S,M4 ,A /RUGGLE1 A /RUGGLE )\T M]CY ( ANY =CE ( TYRANNY & ANY WOR%IP] ( P[] & DOM9ATION1 NO MATT] :AT MASK !Y USE4 ,! LUCK ( \R NEXT AGREEM5T IS ON ! H&S ( HI/ORY4 ,AS SU* ALL =CES HAVE TO UNITE 9TO A GREAT ALLIANCE & OP5 ! DOORS TO A FREE FUTURE4 

.<#a.> ,E?ICS3 ,ORIG9 & ,DEVELOPM5T 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,AN>*Y & ORGANISATION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,AN>*Y & ORGANISATION -- ,UPDAT$4 

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