,AN>*Y & ,NIHILISM3 ,CONSEQU5CES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,>AGORN6 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION TO ,CONSEQU5CES 

,?IS IS ! SECOND 9 A S]IES ( PAMPHLETS ?AT DRAW CONNECTIONS BETWE5 ! TRADITION ( ! POLITICAL NIHILI/ T5D5CY ( #a#i? C5TURY ,CZ>I/ ,RUSSIA & CURR5T AN>*I/ ?\<T4 

,AS ,NIHILISM1 ,AN>*Y1 & ! #b#a/ ,C5TURY 7! FIR/ PAMPHLET 9 ! S]IES7 BEGG$ ! QUE/ION ( :AT RELEVANCE NIHILISM HAS TO AN>*Y IT C\LD BE >GU$ ?AT !SE ESSAYS BEG ! OPPOSITE QUE/ION4 ,:AT DOES AN>*Y HAVE TO (F] NIHILISM8 

,?AT ! RANGE ( AN>*I/S 9CLUDES ! CL[NS FROM PROTE/ ALLEY1 MICROMET]-TOT+ SPECIALI/S ( OPPRESSION-ID5TIFICATION1 & ,M>XI/S :O WE> BLACK FLAGS ISN'T A CONDEMNATION ( AN>*I/ IDEAS BUT IS A SIGNIFICANT REASON = PAUSE4 ,9 ?AT PAUSE WE HAVE TO *ALL5GE \R ASSUMPTIONS AB\T AN>*Y4 ,:AT DO WE REALLY %>E ) O!RS 9 ! BIG-T5T 7OR %\LD IT BE CALL$ A CIRCUS T5T7 ( AN>*ISM8 

,!SE ESSAYS >E 9CREAS+LY SPECIFIC4 ,P]HAPS ?IS WILL GIVE MORE PEOPLE A TOE-HOLD SO ?AT !Y SCALE !IR [N HEI<TS4 ,AT ! 5D ( !SE ESSAYS !RE IS A SPECIFIC 9VITATION4 

,!RE HAVE BE5 SEV]AL OPPORTUNITIES = ME TO SPEAK ON NIHILISM OV] ! PA/ TWO YE>S4 ,:AT HAS BE5 SURPRIS+ 9 ?AT TIME HASN'T BE5 ! APP>5T ANTAGONISM BUT ! QUIET 9T]E/ & EXCITEM5T4 ,IT IS /ILL UNCLE> H[ ?IS 9T]E/ IS GO+ TO MAT]IALIZE 9TO A DISCRETE PRACTICE1 BUT ,I WON'T BE ALONE 9 ANSW]+ ?AT QUE/ION4 

,>AGORN6 

,P,O ,BOX #c#i#b1 ,B]KELEY ,C,A #idgc 

,*APT] #a3 ,CONSEQU5CES -- ,ON REVOLUTION>Y DESPAIR 

,A NIHILI/ IS A P]SON :O DOES NOT B[ D[N TO ANY AU?ORITY1 :O DOES NOT ACCEPT ANY PR9CIPLE ON FAI?1 H[EV] MU* ?AT PR9CIPLE MAY BE REV]$4 

,>KADY 

,!RE IS NOT A LIB]AT+ VISION = HUMANITY4 ,EV]Y SO-CALL$ REVOLUTION>Y AT BE/ FAILS & AT WOR/ E/ABLI%ES YET ANO!R FIEFDOM4 ,! RHETORIC ( LIB]ATION MAKES = GREAT B$TIME /ORIES1 KEEPS />RY-EY$ DREAM]S W>M AT NI<T1 & %\LD BE SE5 = EXACTLY :AT IT IS4 ,*>LATANS EI!R BELIEVE ?AT !Y SPEAK = ! OPPRESS$ & ?AT ! WEI<T ( !IR OP9ION IS GREAT] BECAUSE !Y SUMMON ! P[] ( REPRES5TATION1 OR ?AT !Y >E ! FIR/ ONES TO COME UP ) ! IDEAS ?AT !Y HAVE4 

,! IDEA ( A S+UL>1 RECURSIVE1 OR IT]ATIVE APPROA* TO POSITIVE SOCIAL *ANGE WORKS BETT] 9 A CLASSROOM ?AN 9 LIV$ EXP]I5CE4 ,! K9D ( SOCIAL SCI5CE ?AT RESULTS FROM !SE EXPLORATIONS RESEMBLES A SECUL> MONO!ISM4 ,AS AN ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 OR A MODEL+ ( ! TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY1 APOCALYPSE HAS A LONG TRACK RECORD & IT IS 5TIRELY REACTION>Y4 ,?IS IS TO SAY ?AT :E!R CALL$ AN 9SURRECTION1 A REVOLUTION1 A S+UL>ITY1 OR A COLLAPSE1 A SIMIL> ?+ IS 9T5D$3 MORE ( ! SAME4 

,IS ! QUIET MIS]Y ( DAILY LIFE PREF]ABLE TO A REACTION>Y RUPTURE8 ,! LESSON ( ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION 7#a#i#a#h-#a#i#a#i7 IS ! LESSON ( HI/ORICAL ,AN>*ISM3 GLORI\S FAILURE4 ,:E!R IT IS ,FRANCE1 ,SPA91 ,G]MANY1 OR ,RUSSIA ! /ORY ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION HAS NOT BE5 ONE ( TRIUMPH4 ,9/EAD1 & AT BE/1 IT HAS BE5 A SET ( /ORIES AB\T MOM5TS WOR? LIV+4 

,H[ MANY LIVES >E WE WILL+ TO SACRIFICE = \R MOM5T8 ,%ALL WE /ACK !M = B>RICADES8 ,FILL ! TR5*ES ) !M AFT] ! TANKS ROLL 98 ,USE !IR BLOOD TO WRITE ! HI/ORY BOOKS ?AT TELL ( \R GLORI\S TIME8 

,NE*AYEV DID NOT TELL US H[ TO BE GOOD PEOPLE4 ,HIS CONCEPT ( AN >MY1 OR EV5 A SECRET SOCIETY1 ( REVOLUTION>Y SUP]M5 IS LAU<ABLE1 BUT P]HAPS ! REASON = LAU<T] ISN'T IMM$IATELY CLE>4 ,L59 WAS CLE> H[ MU* ! ,CATE*ISM 9FLU5C$ HIS ?\<T4 ,IT WAS ,! ,PR9CE = ! REVOLUTION>Y SET4 ,! ,CATE*ISM PROVIDES A MORAL ROADMAP1 AN ACTION PLAN ?AT HAS DEMON/RABLE RESULTS4 ,LI/ Y\R HUMAN T>GETS 9 ORD] ( !IR CRIMES1 H>D5 Y\RSELF1 & ELIM9ATE !SE T>GETS 9 ORD]4 ,! GREATE/ CRIM9ALS >E ! FIR/ ELIM9AT$4 

,PSY*OLOGY HAS MADE ! ROLE ( SUP]MAN AN EMB>RASS+ ONE4 ,! SOCIAL MILIEU ( RADICALISM ONLY ALL[S ROOM = S5SITIVE 9HUMAN SUCCESS /ORIES4 ,BROK5 PEOPLE >E HI<LY FAVOR$ AS LONG AS !Y >E BROK5 ALONG ! L9ES ( SURVIVAL & POLIT5ESS4 ,! ,NE*AYEVS ( TODAY FADE \T ( SI<T AFT] NO GREAT] CRIMES ?AN PETTY L>C5Y & BROK5 HE>TS4 ,! ,MA*IAVELLIS IMPLEM5T SIMPLE /RATEGIES TO MAKE SURE ! SUP]M5 /AY OCCUPI$ ) IRRELEVANCIES4 

,REVOLUTION>Y /RATEGY IS A FAILURE FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( PROVID+ A ME*ANISM TO GET FROM H]E TO !RE4 ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT !RE IS NOT ! POSSIBILITY ( WIDE SOCIAL TRANS=MATION BUT ?AT TO ! EXT5T ?AT IT FOLL[S ! LEAD ( ! GLORI\S LOS]S 7AN>*I/S71 ,NE*YS1 OR ,MI*EALS ( ! PA/ IT WILL FAIL 9 SUCCE$+ EI!R ON ITS [N T]MS OR ON ! T]MS ( BE+ A LIB]AT$ SOCIAL *ANGE4 

,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT WE >E FREE OR SATISFI$4 ,WE >E AT AN IMPASSE4 ,?IS IMPASSE IS ONE P>T FRU/RATION AT ! RHETORIC ( TRANSITION AVAILABLE TO US 7)\T WORDS IT IS H>D TO UND]/& :]E ONE IS OR :]E O!RS >E71 ANO!R P>T ANG] AT ! GR9D+ DEA? ( A D5ATUR$ DAILY LIFE & ANO!R P>T 5NUI AT ! FUTILITY ( \R SOCIAL OR POLITICAL P[]4 ,)\T ! ABILITY TO CONTROL \R [N LIFE1 POLITICAL ACTION1 & SOCIAL RELATION%IPS1 \R VIVID IMAG9ATION LAY FALL[4 ,!RE IS NO?+ TO EAT H]E BUT A GRAY PA/E ?AT KEEPS US ALIVE4 ,BUT = :AT8 

,?IS PROBLEM EXT5DS TO ! WE/ G5]ALLY4 ,WE UND]/& ?AT PA/ =MULATIONS >E \T ( DATE4 ,WE LACK = NEW ONES4 

,NEW EF=TS >E BE+ MADE BUT !Y >E OR?OGONAL TO ! APPROA* ( ! HUMANI/ ,WE/4 ,!Y >E1 TO PUT IT G5TLY1 MORE SEV]E ?AN ! VALUES & !ORY ( MOD]NITY ALL[ =4 ,!Y >E1 ULTIMATELY1 GOALLESS4 ,!SE >E ACTIONS ?AT >E 9T]PRET$ BY O!RS BUT MOVE SO RAPIDLY AS TO BE 5TIRELY *AS$ BY ! MULLAHS1 FATWAS1 & ANALY/S4 ,!SE NEW EF=TS >E ! LANGUAGE ( ! DIS5FRAN*IZ$ HUMANITY4 ,!RE IS NO HOPE4 ,!RE >E ONLY CASUALTIES4 

,! SUICIDE BOMB] IS ! MUSE ( \R TIME4 ,!Y DO NOT 9SPIRE US TO S+ ( FRE$OM1 JU/ICE1 & DIGNITY BUT ( CONSEQU5CE4 

,*APT] #b3 ,NIHILISM & ,SCI5CE 

,!RE IS ! HI/ORY ( NIHILISM ?AT IDEALIZ$ NATURAL SCI5CES AS A S+LE SOLUTION TO ! QUE/ION ( MAT]IAL EXI/5CE )\T ,GOD & ANO!R ?AT W\LD CRITIQUE SCI5CE UPON EMPIRICAL1 IDEOLOGICAL1 & E?ICAL GR\NDS4 

0,A DEC5T *EMI/ IS TW5TY TIMES MORE USEFUL ?AN ANY POET10 

,BAZ>OV 

,! HI/ORY ( NIHILISM IS ( A MOM5T 9 TIME4 ,RUSSIA 9 ! #a#h#fS WAS A SUFFOCAT+ PLACE4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION W]E S]FS BREAK+ UND] !IR NEW FRE$OM 7TO MAKE PAYM5TS TO !IR =M] LORDS BY DECREE ( ! ,CZ> 9 EX*ANGE = WORK+ !IR L&7 OR *OK+ UND] ! SUP]/ITION & CONS]VATISM ( ! ,OR?ODOX ,*UR*4 ,RUSSIA WAS ALSO AT A CROSSROADS3 HAV+ PROV5 ITSELF AMONG ! GREAT EMPIRES ( ,EUROPE AFT] ! DEFEAT ( ,NAPOLEON IT ALSO F\ND ITSELF AN 9TELLECTUAL BACKWAT]4 ,V]Y LITTLE ( ! DEMOCRATIC UNRE/ ?AT HAD AFFECT$ ! ,CONT95T HAD CONSEQU5CE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,EV5 ,CZ> ,ALEX&] ,I,I'S DRAMATIC MOVE ( FREE+ ! S]FS WAS MORE MOTIVAT$ BY HIS ROMANTIC S5SIBILITY AFT] HAV+ READ ,TURG5EV'S 0,A ,SPORTSMAN'S ,SKET*ES0 ?AN AN URGE TO TRANS=M ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY4 

,AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS 5VIRONM5T HI/ORIC NIHILISM EMBRAC$ POSITIONS ?AT WE C\LD L>GELY UND]/& AS REACTION>Y RA!R ?AN AS 9T5TIONAL4 7,?IS IS SOME?+ ?AT IS 5DEMIC TO REVOLUTION>Y TRADITIONS &1 >GUABLY1 %\LD BE 9CLUD$ 9 !IR DEF9ITION47 ,GIV5 H[ %ORT ! LIFE SPAN ( ! HI/ORIC NIHILI/ P]IOD WAS 7SPANN+ BO? ! F\NDATIONAL & REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD7 IT IS H>D TO IMAG9E :AT ! CONSEQU5CE ( A RIGOR\S UNIV]SAL SKEPTICISM W\LD HAVE BE5 IF IT HAD HAD ! TIME TO DEVELOP & TRANS=M4 ,:AT W\LD A GR\P ( PEOPLE ) NO?+ TO LOSE HAVE BE5 CAPABLE (8 

,IF PHILOSOPHY IS ! PRACTICE ( TILL+ ! E>? !N IT IS NO WOND] ?AT MO/ ?9K]S SP5D !IR TIME W&]+ OV]TURN$ SOIL SE>*+ = LO/ SE$S & REPLANT+4 ,IF NIHILISM WAS ! POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY ( SKEPTICISM 9 A TIME :5 SOCIETY WAS FRAM$ BY ! ,OR?ODOX ,*UR* & ,CZ>I/ REGIME IT'S NO WOND] ?AT IT LEFT V]Y LITTLE ROOM = TRADITION4 ,IF ! ,*UR* REPRES5T$ SPIRITUALISM1 SUP]/ITION & S5TIM5TALITY !N A PHILOSOPHY = ! MOD]N TIME W\LD HAVE TO REJECT ALL ( !SE ?+S4 ,IF ! ,CZ> REPRES5T$ ! OSSIFI$ AUTOCRATIC BIGOTRY ( A MON>*Y !N FRE$OM W\LD HAVE TO BE ! PROGRESSIVE1 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANISM ( ,FRANCE4 ,?IS IS ! LIMITATION ( P>O*IAL SKEPTICISM4 

,H[ IS 9QUIRY LIMIT$8 

,! HI/ORY ( SCI5CE IS A SEMANTIC J\RNEY ?R\< ]AS4 ,SCI5CE WAS ONCE CONC]N$ ) ! =MATION ( ! WORLD ALONG ) H[ WE %\LD LIVE 9 IT & WAS 9DI/+UI%ABLE FROM ,PHILOSOPHY4 ,! T]MS W]E SYNONYM\S4 ,LAT] !RE WAS FRAGM5TATION3 UND]/&+ ! WORLD ?R\< EXP]IM5TATION & S5SE P]CEPTION 7EMPIRICISM7 BECAME A DISCIPL9E DI/9CT FROM UND]/&+ ! WORLD ?R\< REASON+ 7,RATIONALISM74 ,?IS DIALECTIC WAS RESOLV$ 9 ! SCI5TIFIC WORLD BY ,NEWTON'S COMB9+ ( ! AXIOMATIC PRO( ) ! ME*ANICAL DISCIPL9E ( PHYSICAL OBS]VATION RESULT+ 9 ! SY/EM ( V]IFIABLE PR$ICTION ?AT L>GELY REMA9S 9TACT4 

,SCI5CE BECAME A CODIFI$ & BUREAUCRATIC PROCESS ?AT 9VOLV$ ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! PRACTITION]S ( SCI5CE1 F9ANCI]S ( SCI5CE1 & AN 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( ,SCI5TIFIC ,SOCIETIES 7PO/-#a#f? C5TURY74 ,! ROLE ( A ,SCI5TI/ BECAME DI/9CT FROM ?AT ( ONE :O S\<T KN[L$GE AB\T ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,A ,SCI5TI/ WAS ONE :O BO? W5T ?R\< TRA9+ ?AT FRAM$ ! SCOPE ( !IR 9QUIRY BUT1 TO SUCCE$1 BECAUSE ADROIT AT ! POLITICAL MA*9ATIONS ( C\RT1 PAPAL1 & EV5TUALLY SECUL> SOCIETY4 

,!RE W]E DISCONT5TS TO ?IS NORMALIZATION ( 9QUIRY4 ,AL*EMI/S BL5D$ UND]/&+S ( MULTIPLE !ORETICAL & SPIRITUAL TRADITIONS 9 ! PURSUIT ( SOLUTIONS TO SPECULATIVELY 5ORM\S PROBLEMS 7TRANSMUTATION1 AGE1 DISEASE74 ,! HET]ODOXY ?AT AL*EMI/S RELI$ UPON WAS ELIM9AT$ BY ! EMPHASIS ON QUANTITATIVE EXP]IM5TATION1 & REPRODUCIBLE RESULTS4 

,TE*NOLOGY1 9 ! =M ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION1 AS AN ORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL LIFE 9SULAT$ HOMOG5EITY BY DELIV]+ RESULTS4 ,TE*NOLOGY IS BE/ UND]/OOD AS A SEP>ATE BUT RELAT$ FIELD ( 9QUIRY FROM ,SCI5CE ) A FIELD ( VISION FUR!R N>R[$ BY ! MOTIVATION ( CREAT+ APPLICATIONS4 ,! MASS PRODUCTION ( TE*NOLOGY HAS NEV] BE5 ! RESULT ( ANY O!R =CE ?AN ! DESIRES ( P[]4 ,9 T]MS ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION ( ! LATE #a#h? C5TURY ?IS LOOK$ LIKE ! TRANS=MATION ( ! SOCIAL LIFE ( ,5GL& 9TO ONE ( AN URBAN POPULATION DOM9AT$ BY FACTORIES4 ,IT ALSO 9VOLV$ ! EXTRACTION ( RES\RCES ACROSS HALF ! GLOBE 7,9DIA BE+ A G5]\S S\RCE ( CAPITAL = 9DU/RIAL ,5GL&7 9TO ! CONTROL ( V]Y FEW4 

,9 ! NAME ( EFFICI5CY ! PRODUCT IS ! GOAL NOT ! PROCESS ( DISCOV]Y & EXAM9ATION4 

,:AT IS ! LIMITATION ( SPECIALIZATION8 ,QUE/IONS >E NO LONG] ! PURSUIT ( TE*NICIANS OR PHILOSOPH]S1 ANSW]S >E4 ,SOLUTIONS TO HUMAN PROBLEMS >E FRAM$ 9 MAT]IAL T]MS ALONG 5TIRELY DIFF]5T L9ES ?AN ! CAUSE4 ,CORRECTIVE L5SES DO NOT CURE BAD EYESI<T1 OR /OP ONE FROM WAT*+ TELEVISION OR />+ AT A COMPUT] SCRE51 BUT ALL[ ONE TO CONT9UE EXACTLY ! PURSUITS ?AT EYESI<T IS GOOD =4 ,?IS K9D ( LEVEL+ EXEMPLIFIES ! MOTIVATION ( SPECIALIZATION4 ,IF ! /RUCTURE ( DAILY LIFE =CES C]TA9 K9D ( BEHAVIOR 7= 9/ANCE ! ABILITY TO SEE BOOKS & SCRE5S7 !N ! K9D ( *>ACT]I/ICS ?AT C\LD DEVELOP BY PEOPLE )\T SI<T >E LEFT UNDISCOV]$4 ,AS DAILY LIFE CON/RA9S \R OPTIONS FUR!R WE >E =C$ 9TO N>R[] & N>R[ TUNNELS4 ,EV5TUALLY WE F9D ?AT WE HAVE *OS5 ONE ?+1 AT ! CO/ ( EV]Y O!R ?+1 & 9 ! NAME ( SURVIVAL4 

,:AT =M %\LD \R SKEPTICISM TAKE8 

,!RE IS AN ACTIVE CONV]SATION AMONG RADICALS & GRE5S ?AT BEGS RESPONSE4 ,! CLASSIC PRES5TATION W\LD BE A DI*OTOMY BETWE5 ! ALLEGATION ?AT TE*NOLOGY IS NEUTRAL ON ! ONE H& & ?AT IT EMB$S AN ESS5TIAL 'NEGATIVE' VALUE ON ! O!R4 ,CLE>LY TE*NOLOGY IS NEUTRAL ONLY TO ! EXT5T ?AT Y\ ASSUME ! VALUES ( ! PRES5T ORD]4 ,IF ?OSE VALUES >E NOT ASSUM$ !N TE*NOLOGY IS NOT ANY DIFF]5T ?AN HI/ORY1 PHILOSOPHY1 OR SCI5CE4 ,!Y >E ! WEAPONS ?AT P[] USE TO FRAGM5T & CONTROL ! POPULATION4 ,ONE CANNOT UND]/& \R SOCIETY )\T HAV+ A WORK+1 !ORETICAL1 & PRACTICAL KN[L$GE ( TE*NOLOGY & AS A RESULT MO/ WILL *OOSE TO4 ,! VALUE ( UND]/&+ \R SOCIETY IS UP = DEBATE ?\<4 

,IF1 FOLL[+ ! NIHILI/S ( ! #a#h#f'S1 WE W]E TO ADVOCATE = A P>O*IAL SKEPTICISM !N IT W\LD BE 5\< TO REVOLT AGA9/ R5T1 USURY1 ASPHALT1 BUREAUCRATS & !IR H5*M51 ETC1 ETC4 ,IF WE W]E TO RESPOND EV5 FUR!R 9 K9D IT W\LD BE AGA9/ ! EXCESSIVE ASPECTS ( \R SOCIETY ?AT MO/ RESEMBLE ,CZ>I/ ,RUSSIA4 ,\R RESPONSE W\LD LOOK LIKE ! OPPOSITE ( ! MORAL MAJORIT>IANS & L>GE GOV]NM5T FETI%I/S4 ,9/EAD ( VALORIZ+ NATURAL SCI5CE IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT ?IS L9E ( ?\<T W\LD LEAD TO AN ASCETIC E?ICAL SY/EM ALONG ! L9ES ( AN>*I/S ?AT ES*EW DIGITAL TE*NOLOGY = ANALOG4 ,?IS F>1 & NO FUR!R6 W\LD BE !IR MOTTO4 

,SKEPTICISM ASC5DS6 

,ASSUM+ ?AT P>O*IALISM IS A LIMITATION1 :I* IS PROBABLY TRUE 9 ! LI<T ( ! FAILURE ( REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ( ! C\NT]-CULTURE1 !N :AT IS NEXT = CONTR>IANS4 ,:AT W\LD A UNIV]SAL SKEPTICISM LOOK LIKE AS A ME?OD ( 9QUIRY1 SOCIAL =M1 & PRACTICE8 ,W\LD ! NIHILI/ PRACTICE ( TODAY LOOK MORE LIKE ! OBSESSIVE SCI5TI/ ( ,FA!RS & ,SONS OR ! P>ANOID MURD]] ( ,CRIME & ,PUNI%M5T4 

,IF A POLITICAL NIHILISM IS A SPECIFIC REJECTION ( ! WORLD AS-IT-IS IT IS /ILL MAKE PRIORITIES4 ,NIHILISM /ILL HAS A LEGACY4 ,! REASON ?AT ! POSITIVE PROGRAM ( A ,NIHILISM TODAY W\LDN'T 9CLUDE A ,D,I,Y NATURALI/ SCI5CE ISN'T JU/ BECAUSE ( ! IMPLICATION ( SCI5CE HAV+ *ANG$ OV] ! PA/ #ae YE>S BUT BECAUSE ! V]Y NOTION ( A POSITIVE PROGRAM HAS *ANG$ 9 ! EYE ( RADICALS4 ,ANY EVALUATION ( A NIHILI/ PROGRAM HAS TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT EXACTLY H[ T5TATIVE IT W\LD BE4 ,A UNIV]SAL SKEPTICISM RUNS 9TO SIMIL> PROBLEMS ?AT A UNIV]SAL POSITIVISM DOES1 :O EXACTLY DOES ! UNIV]SALIZ+8 

,WE WILL BEG91 ) ?IS LIMITATION 9 M9D1 AN EVALUATION ( ?REE SPECIFIC APPROA*ES ?AT BO? OV]LAP & >E CONTA9$ )9 A NIHILI/ P]SPECTIVE3 ,CRITIQUE AS PRACTICE1 ,AVOCATION ( ! ,DE$1 & ,NEGATION -- AS RHETORIC1 PRACTICE1 & =M4 

,RHETORICAL NEGATION IS NOT ! EXI/5TIAL NAVEL-GAZ+ ?AT APPE>S 9DI/+UI%ABLE FROM 5NUI4 ,IT IS ! POSITION ?AT POLITICAL 5GAGEM5T ) ! PRES5T ORD] IS 9CONSEQU5TIAL BUT ?AT >TICULAT+ ?AT POLITICAL POSITION IS NOT4 ,! WRIT+S ( ,TRI/AN ,TZ>A EXEMPLIFY ?IS POSITION4 

,! PRACTICE ( NEGATION MAY V]Y WELL BE AN >TIFACT ( ! D5ATUR$ 9TELLECTUAL 5VIRONM5T ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA BUT REPRES5TS ! ACTIVE NON-ACTIVISM ?AT CONFUSES P>TICIPATION 9 POLITICAL PROJECTS )\T TY+ !M TO POLITICAL 7& POLITICIZ$7 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS AS AN '>M*AIR' ACTIVITY4 ,?IS IS A PRACTICE )\T /RATEGY1 POSSIBLY DONE = ITS [N REW>D4 ,! ACTIVITIES ( MANY AN>*I/ READ+ GR\PS QUALIFY = ! POSITION4 

,=MAL NEGATION IS LIKELY ! MO/ WIDELY HELD POLITICAL NIHILI/ POSITION4 ,IT IS ! PRACTICE ( NOT SUBMITT+ TO ! AGGRESSION ( ! DOM9ANT ORD] BY AVOID+ IT4 ,! S5TIM5T ?AT ONE DOES NOT ATT5D POLITICAL PROTE/S BECAUSE !Y DO NOT 5JOY ! PRES5CE ( ! POLICE OR DO NOT VOTE BECAUSE EV]Y *OICE ON A BALLOT IS %IT >E EXAMPLES ( ?IS POSITION4 

,! ?READ ?AT RUNS ?R\< ALL ( ! NEGATION APPROA*ES IS ! /ANCE ( NONP>TICIPATION AS POLITICAL PRACTICE4 ,?IS L5DS ITSELF TO ! CRITICISM ( NIHILISM AS SOLIPSISM :I* S]VES AS A NICE C\NT]-PO9T TO ! CRITICISM ( LEFTI/S AS RHETORICALLY SELF-SACRIFIC+ MORALI/S4 

,AVOCATION ( ! ,DE$ W\LD BE ! MO/ /]EOTYPICAL NIHILI/ POLITICAL POSITION4 ,MANY W\LD-BE-NIHILI/S USE ! CLAIM ( /RATEGIC AVOCATION AS A %IELD TO DISCUSS !IR DESIRES4 ,KNOCK+ OV] ELECTRICAL T[]S & PHONE L9ES >E !IR [N REW>D1 L9K+ !M TO ,! ,G5]ALIZ$ ,/RUGGLE = ,HUMAN ,EMANCIPATION7,T,M7 IS W9D[ DRESS+4 ,! QUE/ION ( S5SATIONAL ACTIONS1 ( HORRIFIC DE$S1 REMA9S A C5TRAL QUE/ION = RADICALS ( ALL /RIPES4 

,! LEGACY ( ,PROPAG&A BY ! ,DE$ IS EVALUAT$ 9CORRECTLY4 ,ON ! ONE H& ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ,PBT,D ACTIONS W]E NOT VIOL5T ACTIONS AGA9/ CAPITALI/S1 LEAD]S1 & BUREAUCRATS BUT ! PRACTICE ( DAILY LIFE4 ,ON ! O!R !RE IS AN >GUM5T ?AT IF ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE WAS DOOM$ TO FAILURE1 DUE TO LACK ( PREP>ATION & A ?\S& O!R REASONS1 ?AT GO+ \T %OOT+ 7:I* ,PBT,D C\LD SAFELY BE DESCRIB$ AS7 WAS A VALID EXIT /RATEGY4 ,:AT W]E ! ALT]NATIVES8 ,LIFE AS AN EXILE *AS+ EV]Y H9T ( ,REVOLUTION LIKE ! ,COMMUN>DS8 ,*AS+ EV]Y SUMMIT HOP+ = ANO!R ,SEATTLE8 

,TODAY'S AVOCATION DIFF]S FROM ,PBT,D BY PLAC+ ! EMPHASIS ON ! DE$ RA!R ?AN ! HI/ORY OR PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSEQU5CE4 ,?IS MAY 5TAIL GIV+ UP A C]TA9 K9D ( P[]1 S9CE O!RS BECOME ! MANAG]S ( Y\R MESSAGE1 AS 9 ! CASE ( SUICIDE BOMB]S BUT ! CL>ITY ( ! DE$ SPEAKS L\D] ?AN ANY POLITICIAN'S MESSAGE4 

,! PRACTICE ( ,CRITIQUE 5TAILS US+ A SUITE ( EMPIRICAL & 9TELLECTUAL TOOLS TO EVALUATE ! BEHAVIOR & ACTIONS ( O!RS4 ,IT IS A PRACTICE ?AT DOES NOT /& ALONE BUT LEANS ON O!RS & 9 ?AT WAY IS ! MO/ SOCIAL NIHILI/ PRACTICE4 ,! IDEA ?AT NO?+ %\LD /&3 BELIEF1 VALUE1 OR P>ADIGM & NO POSITIVE PROGRAM 9/ALL$ 9 !IR PLACE IS AT ! CORE ( ! NIHILI/ PROJECT4 

,CONCLUSION 

,NIHILISM 9 ! #b#a/ C5TURY DIFF]S FROM ?AT ( ! #a#i? ON ONE IMPORTANT QUE/ION4 ,RA!R ?AN BE+ A REACTION>Y POLITICAL PRACTICE RESULT+ FROM A SPECIFIC POLITICAL CONTEXT 7,CZ>I/ ,RUSSIA7 IT N[ DRAWS ITS 9SPIRATION FROM AN UND]/&+ ( ! PHILOSOPHICAL TRAJECTORY ( #b? C5TURY1 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ( ! #a#i? & #b?1 & A SOB] UND]/&+ ( EXACTLY H[ LITTLE !SE WELL-SPR+S (F] ONE :O W\LD RESI/4 

,9 H9DSI<T NATURAL SCI5CE WAS ! LIB]AT+ RESPONSE TO A SOCIETY DOM9AT$ BY MY/ICAL REV]5CE = LEAD] & ,GOD4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( A SIMPLE RESPONSE TO TODAY'S SIMIL> & EXT5D$ PROBLEMS AN AN>*I/ NIHILISM (F]S A CATEGORY1 A FRAME ( REF]5CE1 RA!R ?AN ! PAT ANSW] POLITICAL DISC\RSE T5DS TO FAVOR4 ,NIHILI/S WILL NOT BECOME BLACK-CLAD BOY SC\TS1 SUMMIT HOPP]S1 OR POLITICIZE ?RIV+ (F ( ! DETRITUS ( AN EXCESSIVE SOCIETY4 ,!RE WILL NOT BE A COM=T = ?OSE ( US :OSE REJECTION ( ?IS SOCIETY 9CLUDES ITS OPPOSITION4 

,*APT] #c3 ,N[ IS ! TIME 7& YET WE WAIT76 

,WE >E NECESS>ILY IMPATI5T4 ,WE CAN'T /& PAY+ R5T ONE MORE MON?4 ,BE+ =C$ FROM CRADLE TO TOILET TO CLASSROOM TO CUBICLE TO GRAVE MAKES US BOR+4 ,WE HATE \RSELVES & \R CONDITION EV5 MORE4 

,BUT :AT TO DO8 ,WE >E NOT SO NAIVE AS TO BELIEVE ! LEFTI/ L9E AB\T 'REVOLUTION>Y' GR\PS LIKE ! ,WEA!RMAN4 ,WE DON'T ACCEPT ?AT ! PROBLEM ) !IR /RATEGY WAS A LACK ( MASS BASE4 ,WE SEE !IR PROBLEM AS LACK ( AMBITION4 

,NOT ONLY CAN Y\ NOT BR+ D[N ! CA/LE WALLS BY RUNN+ FULL SPE$ 9TO !M BUT IT MAY BE ?AT ?IS WORLD HAS BECOME SOPHI/ICAT$ 5\< TO NO LONG] NE$ CA/LES OR EV5 PHYSICAL PRES5CE TO A L>GE DEGREE4 ,?IS IS ! PROBLEM ) MO/ CRITIQUES ( PO/MOD]NITY4 ,!Y ASSUME ?AT ! PO/MOD]N W\LD BE A DEVICE US$ BY ! DISPOSSESS$ 9 \R >S5AL AGA9/ ?IS WORLD4 ,?IS IS NOT ! CASE4 ,:AT IS ! CASE IS ?AT ! PO/MOD]N 7& ITS ACCOMPANY+ CONDITION7 IS YET ANO!R TOOL 9 ! >S5AL ( ?IS ORD]4 ,PO/MOD]NISM IS ! T]RA9 UPON :I* ?IS ORD]'S CURR5T TRAVELS CAN BE MAPP$4 ,?IS CAN P>TICUL>LY BE SE5 9 DISCUSSIONS ( VIRTUALITY1 ID5TITY1 & ! POLITICS ( DECON/RUCTION 7AS RELEVANT T5URE TRACK PURSUIT & LITTLE ELSE74 

,! FIR/ PREMISE ( PO/MOD]NISM IS ?AT !RE >E NO 'META' N>RATIVES4 ,!RE IS NO S+LE HI/ORY OR AN?ROPOLOGY OR SY/EM ?AT 5ABLES US TO KN[ ! REAL4 ,:ILE ?IS IS GREAT NEWS IF Y\'RE SICK ( ! BLO:>D ,M>XI/ & ,REPUBLICAN ORATORS ( ! WORK]S' OR 5TREPR5EURS' ,COM+ ,EMANCIPATION1 IT ALSO LEAVES US V]Y ALONE4 ,ON ! ONE H& WE N[ HAVE A LANGUAGE TO UND]/& ?AT EV]Y TRU? COM+ \T ( ! M\? ( \R LEAD]S1 TEA*]S1 & SPECIALI/S IS SUSPECT BUT ON ! O!R WE >E NO LONG] PRES5T$ ) A ,GOLD5 ,BRICK ,ROAD T[>DS ! WORLD ( \R DESIRES4 

,! GR\P :O IS BE/ PREP>$ TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ?IS 9=MATION IS NOT ! GR\P ) NO?+ TO LOSE BUT ! GR\P ) ! MO/ RES\RCES TO BR+ TO BE>4 ,IF WE >E NO LONG] 9T]E/$ 9 COMB9+ \RSELVES ) O!RS 9TO %APES ?AT CAN BE PLAC$ ON ! BO>D ( POLITICS & BUS9ESS1 !N ?OSE :O DO CAN HAVE ! BO>D TO !MSELVES4 ,!Y UND]/& ?AT ! PO/MOD]N CONDITION KEEPS US AP>T4 ,ALONE4 ,!Y HAVE TRA9$ US TO BELIEVE 9 NO?+ & TO ACCEPT ! CONDITIONS ( ?IS WORLD AS UNIV]SAL4 

,! SECOND PREMISE BUILDS ON ! FIR/4 ,IF HI/ORY IS NO LONG] A 'TRUE' /ORY 79 ! GR& EPIC S5SE ?AT ,WE/]N ,CIVILIZATION CLASSES OR ,M>XI/S SPEAK (71 !N PROGRESS IS NO LONG] ?AT /ORY EXT5D$ 9TO ! FUTURE4 ,IF PROGRESS IS NO LONG] ASSUM$ ON ! WORLD /AGE IT MAY BE ?AT IT WASN'T ! RI<T ME*ANISM 7OR META-N>RATIVE7 TO UND]/& ! MAT]IAL WORLD1 HUMANS' ROLE 9 IT1 OR MU* ( ANY?+ AT ALL4 ,:]E DOES ?AT LEAVE EVOLUTION8 ,ISN'T EVOLUTION JU/ AN IDEALI/-MAT]IALI/ 'PRO(' ( PROGRESS 9 BIOLOGICAL SY/EMS8 

,IF WE AB&ON PROGRESSIVE NOTIONS !N WE %\LD1 IT W\LD /& TO REASON 7SIC71 AB&ON 9CL9ATIONS T[>D DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTION BUILD+ 7AS A P>TIAL /EP T[>DS :AT WE WANT71 9CLUD+ P>TICIPATION 9 HUMANIZ+ SU* 9/ITUTIONS4 ,9/EAD WE >E 9=M$ BY ! SPECIALI/S ( KN[L$GE1 IF WE DON'T ACCEPT ! PROGRESS MODALITY1 ?AT WE >E AT '! 5D ( HI/ORY' :]E ! PRES5T CONDITIONS >E UNIV]SAL1 FIX$1 & UNCONDITIONAL4 ,?IS IS ANO!R EXAMPLE ( ?OSE :O CONTROL IDEOLOGY PLANT+ !IR VALUE SY/EM ONTO ! SPACE BURNT \T BY ! PO/MOD]N CONTROLL$ FIRE4 

,ANO!R PREMISE ( PO/MOD]NISM IS ?AT CULTURE IS ! MEANS ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION 9 A M$IA RI* WORLD4 ,?IS IS MO/LY A RHETORICAL DEVICE ALLUD+ TO SOME?+ OBVI\S 7IF Y\ ACCEPT ! PREMISE74 ,IF ! WORLD IS 9DE$ M$IA RI*1 CYB]NETIC1 ILLUSORY1 & 5TIRELY )\T MOOR+ ON ! F\NDATIONS ( ! #a#i? C5TURY1 9CLUD+ #a#i? C5TURY PREJUDICES AB\T LABOR & PROGRESS1 !N 5GAG+ ) IT MU/ BE 9 ?IS NEW VOCABUL>Y4 ,IF Y\ DO NOT ACCEPT ?IS1 IF Y\ RECOGNIZE IT AS A TRAGIC MISREAD+ ( ,DEBORD1 MO/ ( ! CONSEQU5CES ( ?9K+ ( CULTURE-AS--TRANS=MATIVE-LEV] CAN BE SE5 AS BAS$ ON A FAULTY PREMISE4 

,?IS IS H[ PO/MOD]NISM WORKS4 ,IT TAKES A PREMISE1 LET'S SAY ?AT 0,EV]Y?+ ?AT WAS DIRECTLY LIV$ HAS REC$$ 9TO A REPRES5TATION0 7,DEBORD7 & TURN IT >\ND 0,REPRES5TATION IS EV]Y?+ DIRECTLY LIV$0 & Y\ HAVE A CLE> >GUM5T = NON-5GAGEM5T4 ,:Y BO!R LIV+ 9 TIME & SPACE8 ,IF LIFE IS M]ELY REPRES5TATION !N M$IA IS LIV+ ON A GREAT] SCALE ?AN W\LD BE O!RWISE POSSIBLE4 

,I REC5TLY ATT5D$ A SPEE* :]E ONE ( ! QUE/IONS ASK$ ( ! PRES5T]1 :O WAS >GU+ AGA9/ REPRES5TATION G5]ALLY1 W5T ALONG !SE L9ES4 0,I AM A COMPUT] GRAPHICS /UD5T & ,I HAVE SP5T LONG DAYS PRECISELY MEASUR+ & EVALUAT+ A BLADE ( GRASS ) ! GOAL ( REPRODUC+ ! =M )9 ! COMPUT] 5VIRONM5T4 ,H[ CAN Y\ SAY ?AT MY WORK1 BO? 9 ! OBS]V+ & ! REPRODUC+1 IS WRONG80 ,?IS IS A CLASSIC EXAMPLE ( ACCEPT+ ! PREMISE & BAS+1 9 ?IS CASE1 AN 5TIRE C>E] & LIFE PA? ON IT4 ,IF WE LIVE 9 A M$IA 5VIRONM5T !N OH1 :AT A TIME SAV+S ?AT ,I MYSELF DO NOT HAVE TO GO TO A FIELD TO EXP]I5CE SOME?+ CALL$ FIELD4 ,9/EAD ,I CAN D[NLOAD ! ,FIELD ,EXP]I5CE VOLUME #a & KN[ FIELD4 ,:O >E Y\ TO TELL ME DIFF]5TLY8 ,DO Y\ HAVE [N]%IP ( ! CONCEPT ( FIELD ?AT Y\ W\LD LORD OV] ME8 

,! PO9T BE+ MADE H]E IS SIMPLY ?IS3 AB&ONM5T ( UND]/&+ ! ME*ANISMS ( CONTROL DIS>MS US4 ,9 ! CASE ( PO/MOD]NISM1 CONFUS+ A SET ( ACADEMICS ) ! ACTUAL P[] BROK]S :O 5ACT !IR IDEAS IS A P>ALYZ+ PROBLEM4 

,:AT'S NEXT !N8 ,IF !RE >E NO CA/LE WALLS BECAUSE DOM9ATION HAS F\ND A WAY TO SUCCE$ )\T NECESS>ILY MAT]IALIZ+1 !N \R PROJECT NO LONG] LOOKS LIKE A SIEGE4 ,IF VIRTUALIZATION HAS BECOME P>T & P>CEL ( ! DOM9ANCE MATRIX !N S+LE PO9TS ( ATTACK >E NO LONG] EFFECTIVE4 ,!RE IS NO LETT] BOMB L>GE 5\<4 

,! SIMPLE ANSW] IS ?AT WE HAVE TO BE PATI5T4 ,WE HAVE TO HAVE AN 5GAG$ PATI5CE ?AT IS 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO ! LE?>GY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LEFT4 ,\R ROLE %\LD NOT BE TO LAY 9 WAIT = SOME M>K TO COME /UMBL+ ALONG BECAUSE ?AT IS NEV] GO+ TO HAPP54 ,9/EAD WE MU/ HAVE TOTAL 5GAGEM5T 9 ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL PROCESSES >\ND US4 ,NO?+ %\LD ESCAPE \R ATT5TION4 ,?IS C\LD LOOK LIKE1 & IS NOT LIMIT$ TO1 ATT5D+ *UR* 7ESPECIALLY POLITICALLY ACTIVE *UR*ES71 GO+ TO %>EHOLD] MEET+S1 ATT5D+ CITY C\NCIL1 TOA/]S1 ,ELKS LODGES1 CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS & EV5 LEFTI/ MEET+S4 ,! IDEA IS NOT ?AT \R EF=TS %\LD BE P>TICUL>LY SUPPORTIVE OR EV5 DE/RUCTIVE TO !SE GR\PS 7AL?\< PU%+ ! B\ND>Y 9 BO? DIRECTIONS %\LD BE P>T ( ! PROCESS7 BUT TO UND]/& H[ IT IS ?AT MOD]N ACCULTURAT$ CIVIL SOCIETY WORKS4 ,:AT DOES A SOCIAL GR\P LOOK LIKE & H[ DOES IT REACT TO ! K9D ( /IMULUS ?AT CAN BE BR\<T TO BE>8 ,IF Y\ PLAY ! GAME H[ EASY IS IT TO 9TEGRATE 9TO AN ORGANIZATIONAL =M8 ,TO :AT EXT5T DO !SE =MS ACCRUE P[]1 NEGLIG5CE & MOM5TUM8 ,WE NE$ MORE 9=MATION4 

,*APT] #d3 ,:5 ALL ,DICTION>IES >E BURN$1 WILL WE />T OV]8 

,ACTIVE ,NIHILISM 

,AS =ETOLD BY ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM 9 ,REVOLUTION ( ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE1 0,!RE IS NO CONSCI\SNESS ( TRANSC5D5CE )\T CONSCI\SNESS ( DECOMPOSITION40 ,! ACTIVE NIHILI/ SEES 9 ! UNKN[N FUTURE & DESPAIR AT \R CURR5T SITUATION1 A CALL TO >MS4 ,AN ACTIVE NIHILI/ F9DS 5]GY1 A WILL TO ACT1 9 ! HOPELESSNESS ( ! CON=M+1 RIGID1 ASPHYXIATION ( \R SOCIETY4 ,MEAN+ IS F\ND 9 APPROA*+ ! VOID RA!R ?AN 9 ! FALSE KN[L$GE ( :AT IS ON ! O!R SIDE ( IT4 

,T]ROR 

,! PRIM>Y MODALITY ( CLASS SOCIETY1 :E!R IT IS BY VIOL5CE1 HUNG]1 OR ! ?REAT ( ! ELEM5TS4 ,IF EV]Y OBJECT1 P]SON1 & MOM5T IS = SALE1 IF !RE IS NO?+ \TSIDE1 !N !RE IS ABJECT T]ROR4 ,:5 LIV+ IS A CONTEMPTIBLE ACT1 IT IS T]ROR4 ,:AT IS ! OPPOSITE ( ?IS8 

,NIHILI/ ,AN>*ISM 

,WE >E NOT DRIFTS ( SN[ MOV+ ?R\< REALITY4 ,?+S HAVE HAPP5$4 ,*OICES HAVE BE5 MADE4 ,!SE *OICES CAN BE EVALUAT$1 NOT FROM A TIMELESS DOCTR9E BUT FROM A HUMAN SCALE4 ,BY ?IS HUMAN SCALE ! SIZE1 ! SCOPE1 ( ! *OICES MADE IS BEYOND COMPREH5SION4 ,?IS BE+ ! CASE1 & AS ! DESIRE ( CONSCI\S BODIES IS TO UND]/&1 A FRAME ( REF]5CE TO BEG9 TO IMPACT ! WORLD CAN BE BAS$ ON ONE ( TWO OPTIONS4 ,EI!R %R9K ! WORLD ?AT Y\ DESIRE TO UND]/& & T\* OR ASS]T Y\RSELF ONTO A WORLD GONE MAD 9 SU* A WAY AS TO TRANS=M SCALE4 ,9/ITUTIONS1 IDEOLOGIES1 SY/EMS1 S*OOLS1 FAMILY1 CAPITAL1 GOV]NM5T & REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS HAVE ALL DEVELOP$ BEYOND ! BODY4 ,NIHILI/ AN>*ISM ISN'T CONC]N$ ) A SOCIAL REVOLUTION ?AT ADDS A NEW *APT] TO AN OLD HI/ORY BUT ! 5D+ ( HI/ORY ALTOGE!R4 ,IF NOT REVOLUTION>IES !N POSSIBLY EPO*AN>IES1 = ! TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY )\T A POSITIVE PROGRAM4 

,PHILOSOPHICAL ,NIHILISM 

,! ANSW] TO ! EXI/5TIAL QUE/ION AB\T :AT IS KN[ABLE IS1 NO?+4 

,PASSIVE ,NIHILISM 

,IF ! FUTURE IS UNKN[ABLE WE >E CONFRONT$ ) A *OICE4 ,:5 ALL WE KN[ IS T]ROR MANY /OP MAK+ *OICES4 ,PEOPLE BREAK4 ,IF Y\ HAVE EV] BE5 CONFRONT$ BY ! AL>M CLOCK & JU/ %UT IT (F & PULL$ ! COV] OV] Y\R HEAD Y\ KN[ PASSIVE NIHILISM4 ,! PA9 ( RESI/+1 ( BE+ ! FALSE OPPOSITION1 OR ! PURG$1 JU/IFIES A ?\S& NO'S4 ,A MILLION4 ,! PASSIVE NIHILI/ NO LONG] HAS HOPE ?AT !IR P>TICIPATION IS NECESS>Y = ! WORLD TO KEEP SP9N+4 

,LIFE 

,IS A T]RORIZ$ BODY LIV+8 

,P[] 

,HYPH5AT$ P[] DOESN'T AVOID ! PROBLEM ?AT P[] RAISES BUT TRIES TO %IFT IT SOME:]E ELSE4 ,WE CAN1 DO1 & WILL CONT9UE TO HURT1 DOM9ATE1 & MANIPULATE ONE ANO!R4 ,WE >E CREATURES ( P[]4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT WE DO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY = ?IS IT LOOKS LIKE %AME4 ,?IS CONFUSES P[] ) ,*RI/IANITY4 

,HOPE 

,?IS CO9 HAS TWO SIDES ?AT CAN'T BE SEP>AT$3 EXPECTATION & DESIRE4 

,EXI/5TIAL ,NIHILISM 

,AN EXI/5TIAL NIHILI/ REMA9S AT AN IMPASSE REG>D+ A V>IETY ( CORE ISSUES4 ,IF WE CANNOT KN[ ANY?+ !N H[ CAN WE MAKE *OICES8 ,:5 ,NIETZS*E TALK$ ( NIHILISM ?IS IS :AT HE WAS REF]R+ TO4 ,! TRAJECTORY ( ,WE/]N ?\<T LEADS TO UNKN[ABLE QUE/IONS & P>ALYZES4 

,/RATEGIC ,NIHILISM 

,REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAMS DES]VE ! SNICK]S ?AT !Y GET4 ,! IDEA ?AT YET ANO!R MANIFE/O 7,Y,A,M7 OR MISSION /ATEM5T OR ACTION PLAN IS GO+ TO MAKE ! TIR$ ACTIVISM ( A NEW G5]ATION SMELLS LESS ( ! DEA? IT WRAPS >\ND ITS NECK IS LUDICR\S4 ,/RATEGIC NIHILISM >GUES = A NEW APPROA* TO SOCIAL TRANS=MATION ?AT RESEMBLES ! BURN+ ( A FIELD RA!R ?AN BUILD+ ! NEW WORLD )9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD OR ONE LA/ PU% BY ! WORK+ CLASS TO SEIZE ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,AN APPROA* ?AT CONC]NS ITSELF ) EXACTLY :AT ! =MS ( SOCIAL CONTROL >E & !IR SUPPRESSION FALLS F> A/RAY FROM MODELS ( RECRUITM5T1 $UCATION1 PROGRESS1 OR ! CROSS$ F+]S ?AT ! NEXT RIOT WILL BE ! ,BIG ONE4 

,POSITIVE ,PROGRAM 

,%OR?& = A POSITIVE PROGRAM = SOCIAL *ANGE1 A POSITIVE PROGRAM IS ONE ?AT CONFUSES DESIRE ) REALITY & EXT5DS ?AT CONFUSION 9TO ! FUTURE4 ,9 ! CASE ( RADICALS ?IS USUALLY TAKES ! =M ( /AT+ PROGRAMS ALONG ! L9ES ( 0,A,T,R !RE WILL BE NO HUNG]0 AT WOR/ & 0,! ABOLI%M5T ( CLASS SOCIETY WILL RESULT 9 RELATIONS )\T LIMIT0 AT ITS BE/4 ,A POSITIVE PROGRAM IS AN IDEALI/ LEGACY ?AT =MS ! CORE ( MO/ REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T4 

,CAUSALITY 

,! BELIEF ?AT ONE EV5T FOLL[+ ANO!R NECESSITATES !IR RELATION%IP IS ]RONE\S1 AS POSIT$ BY ,HUME4 ,IF CAUSALITY CANNOT BE ASSUM$1 OR EV5 ACCEPT$ IF >GU$1 ! EFFICACY ( MO/ POLITICAL =MS IS LIMIT$1 P>TICUL>LY AS A WAY TO TRANS=M ! WORLD4 

,A,T,R 

,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION 

,REVOLUTION 

,! LIMIT$ DESIRE TO *ANGE ! WORLD AS MODEL$ BY ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ,GOOD ,NEWS3 ,HEADS WILL ROLL4 ,! ,BAD3 ,! ,BUREAUCRATS W9 9 ! 5D4 

,BODY 

,A BODY CAN BE AN 9DIVIDUAL4 ,IT CAN BE A GR\P ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,IT CAN BE A CULTURAL OR SOCIAL UNIT4 ,IT CAN ALSO BE UND]/OOD AS A PHILOSOPHICAL UNIT1 A BLACK BOX ?AT ACCEPTS 9PUT FROM ! WORLD & RESPONDS 9 K9D4 ,IT IS NOT KN[N BUT KN[+4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #b#h1 #bb 3 ,AN>*Y & ,NIHILISM3 ,CONSEQU5CES -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,AN>*Y & ,NIHILISM3 ,CONSEQU5CES -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/