,*APT] #g 
,9 ,SE>* ( ! ,PRIMITIVI/S ,P>T ,I3 ,PRI/9E ,ANGLES 

#aiigaiig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,BOB ,BLACK 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #g3 ,9 ,SE>* ( ! ,PRIMITIVI/S ,P>T ,I3 ,PRI/9E ,ANGLES 

  

,BA%+ ! PRIMITIVI/ AN>*I/S IS PROBABLY ,DEAN ,BOOK*9'S HI<E/ PRIORITY 7,ANONYM\S #a#i#i#f71 BECAUSE !Y >E ! EXCOMMUNICATE AN>*I/S :OSE VIEWS >E MO/ LIKELY TO BE CONFUS$ )1 & TO COMPETE SUCCESSFULLY )1 HIS [N4 ,HE REVELS 9 HIS SELF-IMAGE AS ECOLOGY'S APO/LE TO ! AN>*I/S1 & = ONCE1 !RE'S SOME TRU? TO HIS MESSIANIC MA*ISMO4 ,IT WAS ! ,DEAN1 AFT] ALL1 :O HAS = SO LONG & 9 SO MANY BOOKS CLAMOR$ = ! RE/ORATION ( 0ORGANIC COMMUNITY10 AS HE N[ %AMEFAC$LY ADMITS 7#d#a2 CF4 ,BOOK*9 #a#i#g#d1 #a#i#h#b1 #a#i#h#gA1 #a#i#h#i1 #a#i#i#a74 ,ONCE AGA9 HIS EMB>RASSM5T IS ?AT HIS READ]S TOOK HIM AT HIS WORD -- AN ]ROR ?AT ?IS READ]1 = ONE1 WILL NOT REPEAT4 ,!SE 9NOC5TS NEV] SUSPECT$ ?AT !Y W]E NOT SUPPOS$ TO LE>N ANY?+ AB\T PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES OR PRE-9DU/RIAL COMMUNITIES EXCEPT :AT CLE>$ ,BOOK*9I/ C5SOR%IP4 

,! ,DEAN IS SO MU* ! 0IRATE PETTY B\RGEOIS0 7#e#b7 ON ?IS SUBJECT ?AT HE LA%ES \T AT ! PRIMITIVI/S 9 PETTY1 PEEVI% WAYS -- EV5 = HIM4 ,SEV]AL S\RCES ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN CITES 9 ,FUTURE ,PRIMITIVE 7#a#i#i#d71 HE HUFFS1 >E 05TIRELY ABS5T0 FROM ITS BIBLIOGRAPHY1 SU* AS 0',COH5 7#a#i#g#d7' & ',CL>K 7#a#i#g#i7'0 7#f#b N4 #a#i74 ,Z]ZAN CITES 0,COH5 7#a#i#g#d710 NOT ON ANY CONTROV]SIAL PO9T1 BUT = ! PLATITUDE ?AT SYMBOLS >E 0ESS5TIAL = ! DEVELOPM5T & MA9T5ANCE ( SOCIAL ORD]0 7#a#i#i#d3 #b#d7 -- DOES ! ,DEAN DISAGREE8 ,HE NEV] SAYS SO4 0,CL>K 7#a#i#g#i70 MAY BE A MISPR9T = 0,CL>K 7#a#i#g#g710 :I* DOES APPE> 9 ,Z]ZAN'S BIBLIOGRAPHY 7#a#i#i#d3 #a#g#c74 ,AS ! AU?OR ( A BOOK FROM ! SAME PUBLI%]1 ,AUTONOM$IA1 9 ! SAME S]IES1 ,I KN[ H[ SLOPPY ! PRODUCTION VALUES ( ?IS AMATEUR1 ALL-VOLUNTE] NONPR(IT COLLECTIVE CAN BE4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 ,Z]ZAN 7#a#i#i#f3 #a7 9 A LETT] TO ME ADMITS TO 0FAULTY RECORD-KEEP+0 & EXPLA9S ?AT ! ABS5CE ( ! TWO REF]5CES ! ,DEAN C>PS AB\T 0GOES BACK TO SWIT*+ TO SOCIAL SCI5CE-TYPE NOTES -- AFT] ,F,E .<! ,FIF? ,E/ATE.> REFUS$ TO RUN FOOTNOTES TO MY >TICLES1 9 ! '#hS40 

,! ,DEAN REF]S TO P>T #b1 *4 #d1 SEC4 #d ( ,MAX ,/IRN]'S ,! ,EGO & ,HIS ,[N 7#f#d-#f#e7 AL?\< ! BOOK 5DS ) P>T #b1 *4 #c 7,/IRN] #a#i#i#e3 VIII1 #c#b-#c#b#d74 ,MY LIBR>Y COPY ( ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#g#a7 FROM ,RAMP>TS ,PRESS HAS A LI/ ( FIFTE5 ]RATA TAP$ 9TO IT :I* PRESUMABLY \<T NOT TO %ATT] ! READ]'S 0FAI? 9 .<,BOOK*9'S.> RESE>*0 7#f#b N4 #a#i71 & IT IS F> FROM COMPLETE3 ?AT %\LD BE ,JACQUES ,ELLUL1 = 9/ANCE1 NOT ,JACQUES ,ELUL 7IBID43 #h#f74 ,& ?AT %\LD BE ,ALFR$ ,ZIMM]N1 NOT ,$W>D ,ZIMM]MAN 7IBID43 #a#e#i1 #bhh N4 #b#g2 CF4 ,ZIMM]N #a#i#c#a74 ,BOOK*9 WAS P]HAPS ?9K+ ( A S+]-SONGWRIT] :O HAS 9T]E/$ HIM = DECADES1 ,BOB ,DYLAN 7#i71 ! ,>TI/ ,=M]LY ,KN[N AS ,ZIMM]MAN4 ,9 AN ESPECIALLY MALADROIT MOVE1 ! ,DEAN CITES A FAVORABLE REVIEW ( ,HAKIM ,BEY'S ,T4,A4,Z4 7#a#i#i#a7 9 ! ,:OLE ,E>? ,REVIEW AS V]IFY+ ?AT ,BEY'S AN>*ISM IS A DECAD5T1 0UNSAVORY0 7#b7 0B\RGEOIS =M ( AN>*ISM0 7#b#b73 ! ,:OLE ,E>? ,REVIEW HAS1 AFT] ALL1 A 0YUPPIE CLI5TELE0 7#b#c74 ,! BACK JACKET BLURBS = JU/ ONE ( ! ,DEAN'S BOOKS 7#a#i#h#g7 COME FROM SU* >*-YUPPIE PUBLICATIONS AS ! ,VILLAGE ,VOICE & ,! ,NATION4 ,! 9SIDE BACK JACKET BLURB BOA/S ?AT HE HAS CONTRIBUT$ TO 0MANY J\RNALS0 9CLUD+ ,CO,EVOLUTION ,QU>T]LY4 ,CO,EVOLUTION ,QU>T]LY WAS ! ORIG9AL NAME ( ! ,:OLE ,E>? ,REVIEW4 

,! ,DEAN'S DEVOTION TO URBANISM IS AN IMPORTANT P>T ( HIS HATR$ ( ! PRIMITIVE4 ,CITY-/ATISM & PRIMITIVE SOCIETY >E MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE4 ,:AT AMAZES IS ?AT ! ,DEAN ASSUMES ?AT IT'S ! PRIMITIVI/S1 NOT ! CITY-/ATI/S1 :O >E ! PRESUMPTIVE H]ETICS FROM AN>*ISM -- ?AT !Y1 NOT HE1 HAVE SOME EXPLA9+ TO DO4 ,!RE HAS NEV] BE5 AN AN>*I/ CITY1 NOT = MORE ?AN A FEW MON?S AT ! MO/1 BUT !RE HAVE BE5 MANY LONGLA/+ AN>*I/ PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES4 ,MANY AN>*I/S HAVE CONSID]$ AN>*Y POSSIBLE 9 URBAN CONDITIONS -- AMONG !M ! ,DEAN'S BETE NOIR ,HAKIM ,BEY 7,BLACK #a#i#i#d3 #a#f7 -- BUT ,BOOK*9 IS ! FIR/ AN>*I/ :O EV] POSIT$ ?AT AN>*Y IS NECESS>ILY URBAN4 ,?AT W\LD HAVE COME AS QUITE A SURPRISE TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/ PEASANT GU]RILLAS 9 ! ,UKRA9E OR ! 9SURRECTION>Y AN>*I/ VILLAG]S 9 ! PUEBLOS ( ,&ALUSIA 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#g#g3 *4 #e74 ,MY PO9T IS NOT ?AT ! EF=TS & EXP]I5CES ( URBAN AN>*I/S >E IRRELEVANT OR UNWOR?Y ( ATT5TION -- AFT] ALL1 ,I'M AN URBAN AN>*I/ MYSELF -- ONLY ?AT !Y >E NOT ! ONLY AN>*I/ EXP]I5CES WOR?Y ( ATT5TION4 ,I FAIL TO UND]/& :Y AN>*I/S %\LD ATT5D ONLY TO !IR FAILURES & IGNORE !IR ONLY SUCCESSES4 

,I DON'T CONSID] MYSELF A PRIMITIVI/4 ,G5U9E AN>*O- PRIMITIVI/S SU* AS ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN1 ,GEORGE ,BRAD=D & ,F]AL ,FAUN PROBABLY DON'T ?9K ,I'M ONE ( !M EI!R1 ANY MORE ?AN ,HAKIM ,BEY IS1 AL?\< ! ,DEAN CAN'T QUITE FIGURE \T 0IS HE IS OR IS HE A9'T0 7#f#b N4 #h74 ,SO IT'S NOT MY PURPOSE TO DEF5D ! VIEWS ( ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN OR ,GEORGE ,BRAD=D AGA9/ ,BOOK*9 7AL?\<1 9CID5TALLY1 ,I'LL DO SOME ( ?AT73 !Y >E QUITE CAPABLE ( DEF5D+ !MSELVES & ,I'M SURE !Y WILL4 ,BRAD=D1 9 FACT1 HAS WRITT5 A L5G?Y REJO9D] TO BE CO-PUBLI%$ BY ,AUTONOM$IA & ,BLACK @& ,R$4 ,BUT IT IS MY PURPOSE TO %[ ?AT 9 ! WAY HE D5\NCES ! PRIMITIVI/S1 ! ,DEAN IS1 AS USUAL1 UNSCRUPUL\S & MALICI\S4 ,:5 HE ISN'T FLAT-\T WRONG HE'S USUALLY IRRELEVANT4 

,9 REBUTT+ A RI<T-W+ LIB]T>IAN CRITIC1 ,I MADE CLE> TWO ( ! ASPECTS ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES 7!RE >E O!RS7 :I* \<T TO 9T]E/ AN>*I/S3  
  

,HUNT]-GA!R]S 9=M \R UND]/&+ & EMB>RASS LIB]T>IANS .<& ,BOOK*9I/S.> 9 AT LEA/ TWO WAYS4 ,!Y OP]ATE ! ONLY KN[N VIABLE /ATELESS SOCIETIES4 ,& !Y DON'T1 EXCEPT 9 OCCASIONAL EM]G5CIES1 WORK 9 ANY S5SE ,I'VE US$ ! WORD 7,BLACK #a#i#i#b3 #e#d74  
  

,EV5 ! ,DEAN E>LI] ADMITT$ ! FIR/ PO9T3 0,?IS ORGANIC1 BASICALLY PRELIT]ATE OR 'TRIBAL1' SOCIETY WAS /RIK+LY NONDOM9E]+0 7#a#i#h#i3 #d#g74 ,AFT] ALL1 ,CULTURAL ,MAN IS AT LEA/ TWO MILLION YE>S OLD4 ,HE WAS ORIG9ALLY A HUNT]-GA!R4 ,HE WAS AN ANATOMICALLY MOD]N HUMAN AT LEA/ #e1 YE>S BE=E HE ADOPT$ ANY O!R MODE ( SUBSI/5CE4 ,AS REC5TLY AS #a1 YE>S AGO HE WAS /ILL ONLY A =AG] 7,LEE @& ,DE,VORE #a#i#f#hC3 #c74 ,& HE WAS /ILL AN AN>*I/4 

,N[ IT MAY WELL BE ?AT ! LIFE-WAYS ( HUNT]-GA!R]S 7ALSO KN[N AS =AG]S7 >E NOT1 AS A PRACTICAL MATT]1 AVAILABLE = IMM$IATE ADOPTION BY DISGRUNTL$ URBANITES1 AS ! ,DEAN DECLAIMS 7#c#f74 ,SOME PRIMITIVI/S HAVE SAID AS MU*2 ,JOHN ,MOORE1 = ONE1 IS EXASP]AT$ TO HAVE TO KEEP SAY+ SO 7#a#i#i#f3 #a#h74 ,O!RS1 9 MY OP9ION1 HAVE EQUIVOCAT$4 ,BUT ?AT'S NOT ! PO9T1 OR NOT ! ONLY PO9T4 ,A WAY ( LIFE IS MU* MORE ?AN A 0LIFE-/YLE40 ,HUNT]-GA!R]S GR[ UP 9 A HABITAT & LE>N ITS SECRETS1 !Y HAVE 0A M>VEL\S UND]/&+ ( ! HABITAT 9 :I* !Y LIV$2 !Y W]E1 AFT] ALL1 HI<LY 9TELLIG5T & IMAG9ATIVE BE+S0 7#d#g71 ,MO/ AN>*I/S %\LD PROBABLY S5D = A LOT ( ,LOOMPANICS BOOKS & PRACTICE UP ON A LOT ( SURVIVAL SKILLS BE=E !Y EV5 ?9K ( V5TUR+ 9TO ! WILD]NESS ON A LONG-T]M BASIS4 ,H>DLY ANY AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S PROPOSE TO DO SO 7TO MY KN[L$GE1 ONLY ONE74 ,BUT ! PO9T IS TO LE>N FROM ! PRIMITIVES1 NOT NECESS>ILY TO APE !M4 

,DEAN ,BOOK*91 9 CONTRA/1 DOESN'T KN[ & DOESN'T WANT TO KN[ ANY?+ AB\T PRIMITIVES :I* MI<T SUGGE/ ?AT L[-TE*1 NON-URBAN AN>*Y IS EV5 POSSIBLE -- AL?\< IT'S ! ONLY K9D ( AN>*Y EMPIRICALLY PROV5 TO BE POSSIBLE4 ,S9CE ! :OLE PO9T ( ! ,DEAN'S POLEMIC IS TO PASS JUDGM5T UPON :AT C\NTS AS AN>*ISM1 Y\'D ?9K HE'D TRY TO 9DICT PRIMITIVES AS /ATI/S4 ,AS ?AT IS IMPOSSIBLE1 HE *ANGES ! SUBJECT4 

,REPEAT$LY1 ! ,DEAN ?R[S :AT HE APP>5TLY CONSID]S R\NDH\SE PUN*ES AT PRIMITIVI/ MY?S1 BUT HE NEV] CONNECTS1 EI!R BECAUSE !Y >E NOT T5ETS ( PRIMITIVISM OR ELSE BECAUSE !Y >E NOT MY?S4 

,= 9/ANCE1 ! ,DEAN >GUES AT L5G? ?AT HUNT]- GA!R]S HAVE BE5 KN[N TO MODIFY1 & NOT M]ELY ADAPT TO1 !IR HABITATS1 NOTABLY BY ! USE ( FIRE 7#d#b-#d#c74 ,AN?ROPOLOGI/S1 & NOT ONLY ! ONES ! ,DEAN CITES1 HAVE KN[N ?AT = A LONG TIME4 ,! ,AU/RALIAN ABORIG9ES1 ! QU9TESS5TIAL =AG]S1 SET FIRES = V>I\S PURPOSES :I* TRANS=M$ !IR L&SCAPE1 USUALLY TO !IR ADVANTAGE 7,BLA9EY #a#i#g#f3 *4 #e .<0,A ,BURN+ ,CONT95T0.>74 ,%IFT+ CULTIVATORS1 SU* AS MO/ ( ! ,9DIANS ( EA/]N ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 ALSO FIR$ ! BRU% ) IMPORTANT ECOLOGICAL CONSEQU5CES1 AS EV5 HI/ORIANS KN[ 7,MORGAN #a#i#g#e3 *4 #c74 ,IF ANY PRIMITIVI/ EV] CLAIM$ O!RWISE1 HE IS WRONG1 BUT ! ,DEAN DOES NOT CITE :5 & :]E HE DID4 ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN1 0! ANTICIVILIZATIONAL PRIMITIVI/ P> EXCELL5CE0 7#c#i71 OBS]VES1 )\T APP>5T DISAPPROVAL1 ?AT HUMANS HAVE BE5 US+ FIRE = ALMO/ TWO MILLION YE>S 7#a#i#i#d3 #b#b74 

,TO TAKE AN ECOLOGICAL P]SPECTIVE MEANS TO HYPO!SIZE G5]AL 9T]ACTION AMONG ALL SPECIES & BETWE5 EA* & ALL SPECIES & ! 9ANIMATE 5VIRONM5T4 ,IT IMPLIES DE?RON+ HUMANS AS ! LORDS ( NATURE APPO9T$ BY A ,JUDEO-,*RI/IAN DIV9ITY1 C]TA9LY1 BUT IT DOESN'T IMPLY OR PRESUPPOSE ?AT !RE WAS EV] A TIME OR A CONDITION ( SOCIETY 9 :I* HUMANS NEV] ACT$ UPON ! RE/ ( NATURE BUT W]E ONLY ACT$ UPON4 ,NOT EV5 AMOEBAS >E ?AT PASSIVE & QUIESC5T 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#h#i3 #b74 

,AMAZ+LY1 ,BOOK*9 EXPLICITLY EMBRACES ! ,HOBBESIAN MY? ?AT ! LIVES ( PRIMITIVE1 PRE-POLITICAL PEOPLE W]E NA/Y1 BRUTI% & %ORT 7#d#f74 ,= HIM AS = ,HOBBES 7,BLACK #a#i#h#f3 #b#d71 ! PURPOSE ( ! MY? IS TO FUR!R A /ATI/ AG5DA4 

0,\R E>LY ANCE/ORS10 HE REM>KS ) SATISFACTION1 0W]E MORE LIKELY SCAV5G]S ?AN HUNT]-GA!R]S0 7#d#f74 ,H[ DISGU/+6 ,!Y ATE ANIMALS :I* W]E ALREADY DEAD6 ,JU/ AS WE DO :5 WE %OP ! MEAT SECTION ( A SUP]M>KET4 7,P]HAPS !RE >E NO MEAT SECTIONS 9 ,BURL+TON SUP]M>KETS4 ,P]HAPS !RE >E NO SUP]M>KETS !RE1 JU/ FOOD CO-OPS4 ,:Y DO ,I F9D IT H>D TO SUMMON UP AN IMAGE ( ,BOOK*9 PUTT+ 9 HIS F\R H\RS A MON? BAGG+ GROC]IES87 ,BOOK*9 PROBABLY PICK$ UP ?IS TIDBIT FROM ,Z]ZAN 7#a#i#i#d3 #a#i74 ,REG>DLESS1 \R /ILL-PREHI/ORIC1 /ILL-AN>*IC ANCE/ORS MU/ HAVE =M$ O!R TA/ES 9 FOOD 9 BECOM+ BIG GAME HUNT]S 7#d#b74 

,& !SE \R ANIMALI/IC ANCE/ORS W]E UNHEAL?Y TOO1 CLAIMS ! ,DEAN4 ,! ,NE&]?ALS SUFF]$ HI< RATES ( DEG5]ATIVE BONE DISEASE & S]I\S 9JURY 7#d#f74 ,!RE IS CONSID]ABLE CONTROV]SY :E!R ! ,NE&]?ALS W]E AMONG \R ANCE/ORS4 ,IF Y\R ANCE/ORS >E FROM ,EUROPE OR ! ,LEVANT1 POSSIBLY2 O!RWISE1 ALMO/ C]TA9LY NOT4 ,ADMITT$LY1 \R E>LY ANCE/ORS W]E MORE LIKELY TO BE EAT5 BY LEOP>DS & HY5AS ?AN WE >E 7#d#f71 BUT = CONTEMPOR>Y =AG]S1 PR$ATION IS A M9OR CAUSE ( DEA? 7,DUNN #a#i#f#h3 #b#b#d-#b#b#e74 ,ON ! O!R H&1 \R LEAD+ KILL]S1 CANC] & HE>T DISEASE1 APPE> 9FREQU5TLY AMONG !M 7IBID43 #b#b#d71 & \R ?\S&S ( OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES NEV] DO4 ,HUNT]-GA!R]S HAVE NEV] BE5 AFFLICT$ BY ASBE/OSIS1 BLACK LUNG DISEASE1 ,GULF ,W> SYNDROME 7AS ,I WRITE !SE WORDS1 ! ,P5TAGON IS F9ALLY ADMITT+ !RE MI<T BE SU* A ?+7 OR C>PAL TUNNEL SYNDROME4 ,B& SOCIETIES HAVE V]Y L[ POPULATION D5SITIES1 & 0VIRAL & BACT]IAL 9FECTIONS CANNOT G5]ALLY P]SI/ AMONG SMALL HUMAN POPULATIONS0 7,KNAUFT #a#i#h#g3 #i#h74 ,PALEOLI?IC =AG]S MI<T SUFF] S]I\S OR FATAL 9JURIES1 BUT ONE MILLION ( !M W]E NOT KILL$ BY MOTOR VEHICLES 9 JU/ A HUNDR$ YE>S4 

,ACCORD+ TO ! ,DEAN1 PREHI/ORIC MORTALITY /ATI/ICS >E 0APPALL+03 0AB\T HALF DI$ 9 *ILDHOOD OR BE=E ! AGE ( TW5TY1 & FEW LIV$ BEYOND !IR FIFTIE? YE>0 7#d#f74 ,EV5 TAK+ !SE CLAIMS TO BE TRUE1 ! AGGREGATE FIGURES1 !IR VAGU5ESS ASIDE1 >E HI<LY MISLEAD+4 ,=AG+ PEOPLES USUALLY HAVE A LOT GREAT] S5SITIVITY TO ! C>RY+ CAPACITIES ( !IR HABITATS ?AN TE*NO-URBANITES DO4 ,! ONES :O DIDN'T HAVE PAID ! PRICE4 ,! ONES :O DID1 & DO1 ADJU/ !IR POPULATIONS BY ! MEANS AT !IR DISPOSAL4 ,DELAY$ M>RIAGE1 ABORTION1 PROLONG$ LACTATION1 SEXUAL TABOOS1 EV5 G5ITAL SURG]Y >E AMONG ! CULTURAL PRACTICES BY :I* =AG]S HOLD D[N !IR BIR?RATES 7,Y5GOYAN #a#i#f#h3#a#i#d#a74 ,L[-TE* DOES HAVE ITS LIMITATIONS4 ,! CONDOM1 ! DIAPHRAGM1 ! ,I,U,D & ! ,PILL HAVE NOT BE5 AVAILABLE TO HUNT]-GA!R]S4 ,=AG]S HAVE (T5 RESORT$ TO PO/-P>TUM POPULATION CONTROL AS WELL3 9 O!R WORDS1 TO 9FANTICIDE & S5ILICIDE 7,DUNN #a#i#f#h3 #b#b#e74 

,ESPECIALLY 9FANTICIDE 7AL?\< ,I SUSPECT ! ,DEAN FEELS A LOT MORE ?REAT5$ BY S5ILICIDE74 ,9FANTICIDE WAS PROBABLY PREVAL5T AMONG ,PLEI/OC5E HUNT]-GA!R]S 7,BIRDSELL #a#i#f#h3 #b#c#f71 SO IT'S RIDICUL\S TO CALCULATE AN 0AV]AGE0 LIFESPAN 9 :I* ! FEW M9UTES OR H\RS SOME NEONATES W]E ALL[$ TO LIVE C\NT = AS MU* AS ALL ! YE>S LIV$ BY ?OSE :O ACTUALLY GO ON TO HAVE LIVES4 ,IT'S AS IF 9 MEASUR+ ! PRES5T-DAY ,AM]ICAN LIFESPAN WE 9CLUD$ 9 ! NUM]ATOR1 AS 1 EV]Y CONCEPTION AV]T$ BY CONTRACEPTION & EV]Y ABORT$ FETUS1 :ILE ADD+ EA* ( !M1 SCOR$ AS #a1 TO ! D5OM9ATOR C\NT+ ! 5TIRE POPULATION4 ,WE'D COME UP ) A />TL+LY L[ 0AV]AGE0 LIFESPAN = ! CONTEMPOR>Y ,UNIT$ ,/ATES -- #a YE>S8 #b YE>S8 -- :I* W\LD BE UTT]LY MEAN+LESS4 ,:5 CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES BECAME AVAILABLE TO ,NUNAMIUT ,ESKIMO WOM5 9 #a#i#f#d1 !RE WAS 0MASSIVE ADOPTION0 ( !M 7,B9=D @& ,*ASKO #a#i#g#f3 #g#g74 ,AT ?IS PO9T SOMEBODY MI<T RISE UP 9 RI<TE\S 9DIGNATION -- FROM ! RI<T1 FROM ! LEFT1 A TRIFL+ DI/9CTION -- TO D5\NCE MY EQUATION ( CONTRACEPTION1 ABORTION & 9FANTICIDE4 ,I'M NOT EV5 SLI<TLY 9T]E/$ 9 :E!R1 OR :]E1 ! ,POPE OR ANY O!R DOPE DRAWS MORAL L9ES AMONG !SE TIME-HONOR$ PRACTICES4 ,I DON'T EQUATE !M MORALLY BECAUSE ,I'M NOT MORALIZ+4 ,I EQUATE !M ONLY ) RESPECT TO ! ISSUE1 ! DEMOGRAPHIC ISSUE1 AT H&4 

,GIMMICKRY ASIDE1 ! EVID5CE SUGGE/S ?AT =AG]S LIVE RELATIVELY LONG LIVES4 ,! ,DEAN'S CLAIM ?AT ! AV]AGE LIFESPAN ( ! 6,KUNG ,SAN IS #c YE>S 7#d#e7 IS UNREF]5C$ & MISLEAD+1 ,LEE'S C5SUSES %[$  
  

444A SUB/ANTIAL PROPORTION ( PEOPLE OV] ! AGE ( #f4 ,?IS HI< PROPORTION 7#h4#g TO #a4#g P]C5T7 BY ,?IRD ,WORLD /&>DS CONTRADICTS ! WIDELY HELD NOTION ?AT LIFE 9 HUNT+ & GA!R+ SOCIETIES IS 0NA/Y1 BRUTI%1 & %ORT40 ,! >GUM5T HAS BE5 MADE ?AT LIFE 9 !SE SOCIETIES IS SO H>D ?AT PEOPLE DIE AT AN E>LY AGE4 ,! ,DOBE >EA .<( ,BOTSWANA.>1 BY CONTRA/1 HAD DOZ5S ( ACTIVE OLD] P]SONS 9 ! POPULATION 7,LEE #a#i#g#i3 #d#d74  
  

,! POPULATION /RUCTURE 0LOOKS LIKE ?AT ( A DEVELOP$ C\NTRY1 = EXAMPLE1 LIKE ?AT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >\ND #a#i0 7IBID42 #d#g74 ,?IS IS H[ TWO O!R AN?ROPOLOGI/S SUMM>IZE ! 6,KUNG SITUATION3  
  

,AL?\< 9DIVIDUALS :O HAVE REA*$ MATURITY CAN EXPECT TO LIVE 9TO !IR MIDDLE #eS1 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIR? IS APPROXIMATELY #cb YE>S1 DET]M9$ MA9LY BY HI< 9FANT MORTALITY -- BETWE5 #a & #b.0 9 ! FIR/ YE>1 ALMO/ ALL DUE TO 9FECTI\S DISEASE4 ,9 ! TRADITIONAL SITUATION1 9FANTICIDE MADE A SMALL ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTION TO MORTALITY 7,KONN] @& ,%O/ACK #a#i#h#g3 #a#b74  
  

,IT IS TRUE ?AT =AG]S HAVE ALWAYS LACK$ ! TE*NOLOGY TO P]PETUATE ! AGONY ( !IR 9CAPACITAT$ ELD]S AS \R 9SURANCE-DRIV5 SY/EM >RANGES = SOME ( \RS4 ,:5 ,I VISIT MY FA!R 9 ! NURS+ HOME -- A /ROKE VICTIM1 A M5TALLY CONFUS$ CRIPPLE USUALLY COMPLA9+ ( PA91 #he YE>S OLD -- ,I F9D IT H>D TO CONSID] LONGEVITY AN ABSOLUTE VALUE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,ILIAD1 NEI!R DID ,A*ILLES3  
  

,= MY MO!R ,!TIS1 ! GODDESS ( ! SILV] FEET TELLS ME ,I C>RY TWO SORTS ( DE/9Y T[>DS ! DAY ( MY DEA?4 ,EI!R IF ,I /AY H]E & FI<T BESIDE ! CITY ( ! ,TROJANS MY RETURN HOME IS GONE1 BUT MY GLORY %ALL BE EV]LA/+2 OR IF ,I RETURN TO ! BELOV$ L& ( MY FA!RS1 ! EXCELL5CE ( MY GLORY IS GONE1 BUT !RE WILL BE A LONG LIFE 7QUOT$ 9 ,FEY]AB5D #a#i#h#g3 #a#c#h74  
  

,= AN URBANI/ 7IF LESS ?AN URBANE7 CRUSAD] LIKE ! ,DEAN1 ! RELEVANT COMP>ISONS %\LD BE DIFF]5T4 ,PRIMITIVI/S LIKE ,Z]ZAN & ,BRAD=D COMP>E ! ROBU/ LIVES ( ,PALEOLI?IC =AG]S ) ! /UNT$ LIVES ( ?OSE CAU<T UP 9 ! URBAN_/AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX3 0,! 9CREAS+LY SOPHI/ICAT$ 9T]PRETATION ( ! >*AEOLOGICAL RECORD SUGGE/S ?AT ! TRANSITION TO ! ,NEOLI?IC WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY A FAIRLY G5]AL DECL9E 9 DIET>Y QUALITY1 EVID5C$ 9 /ATURE & DECREAS$ LONGEVITY0 7,ROSS #a#i#h#g3 #a#b74 ,& ALSO A RELAT$ DECL9E 9 HEAL?4 ,ALMO/ ALL >*AEOLOGICAL /UDIES 0CONCLUDE ?AT 9FECTION WAS A MORE S]I\S PROBLEM = F>M]S ?AN = !IR HUNT+ & GA!R+ =EBE>S1 & MO/ SUGGE/ ?AT ?IS RESULT$ FROM 9CREAS$ S$5TISM1 L>G] POPULATION AGGREGATES1 &_/OR ! WELL-E/ABLI%$ SYN]GISM BETWE5 9FECTION & MALNUTRITION0 7,COH5 #a#i#h#g3 #b#f#i-#b#g74 ,= ONE ?+1 WORK -- & :5 WE >RIVE AT AGRICULTURE WE >RIVE1 UNAMBIGU\SLY1 AT WORK -- IS HAZ>D\S TO Y\R HEAL?4 

,! FACT ?AT !SE >E ! F9D+S ( >*AEOLOGICAL /UDIES ( PREHI/ORIC SOCIETIES R5D]S IRRELEVANT1 = PRES5T PURPOSES1 ! REC5T >GUM5T ?AT ! MU*-/UDI$ ,SAN >E REALLY JU/ AN IMPOV]I%$ UND]CLASS )9 CAPITALISM 7,WILMS5 #a#i#h#i74 ,?IS IS A CONTROV]SIAL CLAIM 7,PET]S #a#i#i7 -- VIGOR\SLY REBUTT$ BY ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE & LIKE-M9D$ AN?ROPOLOGI/S 7,SOLWAY @& ,LEE #a#i#i7 -- :I*1 PR$ICTABLY1 ,BOOK*9 :OOPS UP ) UNCRITICAL AB&ON 7#d#d-#d#e74 ,BUT BY DEF9ITION1 PREHI/ORIC PEOPLES CANNOT HAVE BE5 M>G9AL TO1 OR RELICS (1 OR DEVOLV$ FROM HI/ORICAL SOCIETIES4 ,:AT DID !Y DEVOLVE FROM8 ,ATLANTIS8 ,LEMURIA8 ,MU8 ,>E !Y ! LOVE-*ILDR5 ( EXTRAT]RE/RIALS 70,E>? GIRLS >E EASY07 :O1 HAV+ HAD !IR EXOTIC FUN1 REVV$ UP ! ,*>IOTS ( ! ,GODS & ROCKET$ (F TO ! NEXT (F-PLANET PICK-UP SC5E8 ,! >TI/ ,GOYA1 AS QUOT$ BY ! ,DEAN1 ONCE SAID ?AT 0! SLEEP ( REASON BEGETS MON/]S0 7#b#h74 ,DOES ,BOOK*9 ?9K ?AT ! SLEEP+->\ND ( MON/]S BEGETS REASONABLES8 

,& :5 WE PROGRESS FROM M]E AGRICULTURE TO URBANISM -- ONE ?+ LEADS TO ANO!R -- HEAL? DET]IORATES EV5 MORE DRAMATICALLY4 ,?R\<\T HI/ORY1 PRE-9DU/RIAL URBAN POPULATIONS HAVE USUALLY REPRODUC$ AT LESS ?AN REPLACEM5T LEVELS3 0,ANCI5T CITIES W]E LIKE T> PITS1 DRAW+ C\NTRY FOLK 9TO !IR ALLUR+ BUT DISEASE-RIDD5 PREC9CTS0 7,BOYD @& ,RI*]SON #a#i#i#c3 #a#b#g74 ,! ,DEAN IS FOND ( ! SLOGAN ?AT 0CITY AIR MAKES Y\ FREE0 7#a#i#g#d3 #a71 BUT !RE IS CONSID]ABLY MORE TRU? TO SAY+ ?AT CITY AIR MAKES Y\ SICK 7IBID43 #f#f74 ,URBAN 09T]NAL NONVIABILITY0 HAS ?REE S\RCES3 7#a7 HI< POPULATION D5SITY 0FACILITATES ! G5ESIS & COMMUNICATION ( 9FECTI\S DISEASES02 7#b7 SU* CITIES 0HAVE ALMO/ 9V>IABLY HAD POOR SANITATION & HYGI5E1 P>TICUL>LY ) RESPECT TO WAT] & SEWAGE02 & 7#c7 URBANITES DEP5D ON \TSIDE S\RCES ( FOOD1 ON MONOCULTURAL FOOD PRODUCTION SUBJECT TO CROP FAILURES & DIFFICULTIES ( TRANSPORTATION1 /ORAGE & DI/RIBUTION 7,KNAUFT #a#i#h#g3 #i#h74 

,9DU/RIAL CITIES HAVE ONLY IMP]FECTLY COP$ ) !SE UNHEAL?Y 9FLU5CES4 ,!Y >E MORE OV]CR[D$ ?AN EV]1 )1 ! ,DEAN HAS %[N1 ADV]SE HEAL? CONSEQU5CES 7,H]B] #a#i#f#e74 0,URBAN AIR IS S]I\SLY POLLUT$ & URBAN WA/ES >E REA*+ UNMANAGEABLE PROPORTIONS0 -- FUR!RMORE3  
  

,NO?+ MORE VISIBLY REVEALS ! OV]ALL DECAY ( ! MOD]N CITY ?AN ! UBIQUIT\S FIL? & G>BAGE ?AT GA!RS 9 ITS /REETS1 ! NOISE & MASSIVE CONGE/ION ?AT FILLS ITS ?OR\<F>ES1 ! APA?Y ( ITS POPULATION T[>D CIVIC ISSUES1 & ! <A/LY 9DIFF]5CE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL T[>D ! PHYSICAL VIOL5CE ?AT IS PUBLICLY 9FLICT$ ON O!R MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY 7,BOOK*9 #a#i#g#d3#f#f1#f#g74  
  

,EV5 ! MO/ CONSPICU\S HEAL? ACCOMPLI%M5T ( 9DU/RIALISM1 ! CONTROL ( DISEASE BY ANTIBIOTICS1 IS BE+ ROLL$ BACK1 AS RESI/ANT /RA9S ( DISEASE VECTORS EVOLVE4 ,EV5 ! FOOD SITUATION IS UNSATISFACTORY1 IF NOT = PRECISELY ! TRADITIONAL REASONS4 ,MO/ ,AM]ICAN URBANITES HAVE UNHEAL?Y DIETS1 & MORE ?AN A FEW >E MALN\RI%$4 

,! ,DEAN MO/LY OBSESSES AB\T DETAILS -- :Y NOT OBLIGE HIM8 -- SU* AS :E!R CONTEMPOR>Y HUNT]-GA!R] SOCIETIES >E 0PRI/9E0 & :E!R HUNT]-GA!R]S HAVE 9V>IABLY BE5 ! B5IGN /EW>DS ( !IR HABITATS4 ,AL?\< !SE PROPOSITIONS >E L>GELY IRRELEVANT TO ! SPECIES 0PRIMITIVISM0 & 5TIRELY IRRELEVANT TO ITS SUPPOS$ G5US1 0LIFE/YLE AN>*ISM10 ! WAYS ! ,DEAN DEPLOYS !M >E RELEVANT TO HIS ULT]IOR AIMS & EXEMPL>Y ( HIS UNSAVORY ME?ODS4 

,BY 0PRI/9E0 7#d#d1 #d#e7 ! ,DEAN SEEMS TO MEAN ! SUPPOSITION ?AT ALL CONTEMPOR>Y HUNT]-GA!R]S >E LIV+ FOSSILS :O HAVE ALWAYS LIV$ ! WAY !Y DO N[4 ,AS USUAL1 :5 ! ,DEAN PUTS A LOAD$ WORD 9 QUOTATION M>KS IT'S A DEAD GIVEAWAY ?AT HE'S NOT QUOT+ ANYBODY1 JU/ TALK+ TO HIS FAVORITE P]SON1 HIMSELF4 7,JU/ AS HIS MOCK]Y ( PRIMITIVE 0REV]5CE = LIFE0 7#d#b7 MI<T HAVE BE5 AMUS+ -- A ,BOOK*9 FIR/ -- IF HE C\LD ONLY HAVE P9N$ ON ! AN>*O-PRIMITIVI/S A PHRASE EMPLOY$1 NOT BY !M1 BUT BY ?AT CELEBRAT$ RACI/ PAT]NALI/1 ! LATE ,B'WANA1 ,DR4 ,ALB]T ,S*WEITZ]47 ,HE MI<T HAVE LE>N$ ?AT -- HE PROBABLY DID -- FROM ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN3 0SURVIV+ HUNT]-GA!R]S1 :O HAVE SOMEH[ MANAG$ TO EVADE CIVILIZATION'S TREM5D\S PRESSURES TO TURN !M 9TO SLAVES 7I4E4 F>M]S1 POLITICAL SUBJECTS1 WAGE LABOR]S71 HAVE ALL BE5 9FLU5C$ BY CONTACT ) \TSIDE PEOPLES0 7#a#i#i#d3 #b#i-#c74 ,! CALL = PAP]S = ! #aiff 0,MAN ! ,HUNT]0 CONF]5CE -- :I* ! ,DEAN BLAMES = ROMANTICIZ+ =AG]S 7#c#g7 -- /AT$ 0?AT !RE IS NO ASSUMPTION ?AT LIV+ HUNT]-GA!R]S >E SOMEH[ LIV+ RELICTS ( ! ,PLEI/OC5E0 7QUOT$ 9 ,B9=D #a#i#f#h3 #b#g#d74 ,BOOK*9 IS BEAT+ A DEAD HORSE OR1 BETT] YET1 AN EXT9CT EOHIPPUS3 0,IT IS WIDELY RECOGNIZ$ ?AT MOD]N HUNT]S >E NOT PRI/9E LIV+ RELICS ( ! ,PLEI/OC5E0 7,HAWKES #a#i#h#g3 #c#e74 

,! ,DEAN CITES ) SOME SATISFACTION A FAIRLY REC5T >TICLE BY ,WILLIAM ,M4 ,D5EVAN1 0,! ,PRI/9E ,MY?3 ,! ,L&SCAPE ( ! ,AM]ICAS 9 #a#d#i#b0 7#a#i#i#b71 BUT = SEV]AL REASONS1 ,I D\BT ! ,DEAN HAS EV5 READ IT4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ! ,DEAN ONLY ADV]TS TO IT AS 0CIT$ 9 ,WILLIAM ,K4 ,/EV5S1 ',AN ,$5 9 ,ANCI5T ,AM]ICA8 ,NOT ,REALLY1' ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES 7,M>* #c1 #a#i#i#c1 P4 ,C,I0 7#f#c N4 #b#b74 ,! NEWSPAP] /ORY MAY WELL HAVE BE5 H[ ! ,DEAN GOT W9D ( ! >TICLE -- NO?+ WRONG ) ?AT1 ,I (T5 FOLL[ UP ON TIPS ?AT WAY -- BUT HAV+ S]V$ ?AT PURPOSE1 !RE'S NO REASON TO REF] TO A NEWSPAP] /ORY :I*1 AT BE/1 MU/ HAVE OV]SIMPLIFI$ ! >TICLE4 ,SECOND1 ! ,DEAN MISQUOTES ! NAME ( ! J\RNAL4 ,& F9ALLY1 ! TITLE ( ! NEWSPAP] /ORY1 SUGGE/+ A DEBUNK+ ( ! MY? ( 0AN ,$5 9 ANCI5T ,AM]ICA10 HAS ABSOLUTELY NO?+ TO DO ) :AT ,D5EVAN WAS REALLY WRIT+ AB\T1 AL?\< IT HAS EV]Y?+ TO DO ) ! ,DEAN'S ANTI-PRIMITIVI/ IDEOLOGICAL AG5DA4 

,D5EVAN'S >GUM5T1 :I* RELATES ONLY TO ! ,WE/]N ,HEMISPH]E1 IS ?AT :5 ,EUROPEANS >RIV$ 9 ! ,NEW ,WORLD1 & = SOME TIME AFT]W>DS1 ! L&SCAPE !Y 5C\NT]$ -- ,D5EVAN IS A CULTURAL GEOGRAPH] -- WAS NOT 0PRI/9E0 IF ?IS MEANS IT HAD BE5 B>ELY AFFECT$ BY T5S ( ?\S&S ( YE>S ( 9DIG5\S HUMAN PRES5CE4 ,9DIAN HUNT+1 HORTICULTURE1 & ESPECIALLY ! USE ( FIRE HAD WR\<T IMPORTANT TRANS=MATIONS 9 MANY /RET*ES ( ! L&SCAPE4 ,MANY ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN GRASSL&S1 = 9/ANCE1 W]E PRODUC$ BY HUMAN ACTION1 & TO A LESS] EXT5T1 SO W]E ! P>K-LIKE WOODL&S ( EA/]N ,NOR? ,AM]ICA 7,MORGAN #a#i#g#e3 *4 #c2 ,SALISBURY #a#i#h#b3 *4 #a74 ,BUT BY ! TIME ! ,EURO-,AM]ICANS MOV$ WE/ ON A L>GE SCALE1 ! ONCE-NUM]\S ,9DIANS HAD BE5 DECIMAT$ & MU* ( ! L&SCAPE HAD REV]T$ TO A TANGL$1 PRE-HUMANIZ$ 0WILD]NESS0 ! SETTL]S MI/OOK = PRI/9E CONDITIONS4 ,D5EVAN PLAUSIBLY >GUES = ?IS CONCLUSION BUT DOES NOT1 AS ! ,DEAN DOES1 CONSID] IT CAUSE = CELEBRATION4 

,BUT :AT DOES ?IS HAVE TO DO ) ANY?+8 ,A HUMANIZ$ L&SCAPE IS NOT NECESS>ILY A RAVAG$1 DEPLET$1 D5ATURALIZ$ L&SCAPE BECAUSE !RE WAS A TIME :5 HUMANS W]E NATURAL4 

,! ,DEAN1 ,PR(ESSOR ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY1 ALSO SUPPOSES HE IS SAY+ SOME?+ IMPORTANT :5 HE AV]S ?AT PRIMITIVES MAY HAVE CONTRIBUT$ TO ! EXT9CTION ( SOME SPECIES ( ! ANIMALS !Y HUNT$ & ?AT !Y MAY HAVE SOMETIMES DEGRAD$ !IR 5VIRONM5TS 7#d#b-#d#c74 ,AS ! ALLEGATIONS >E 9DEP5D5T1 LET US ADDRESS EA* C\NT ( ! 9DICTM5T SEP>ATELY4 

,EV5 ! ,DEAN ADMITS ?AT ! BE/-KN[N CLAIM = 9DUC$ EXT9CTION1 SO-CALL$ ,PLEI/OC5E OV]KILL1 IS 0HOTLY DEBAT$0 7#f#c N4 #b#c74 ,RAPID CLIMATIC *ANGE WAS 9DISPUTABLY P>T ( ! CAUSE1 & POSSIBLY A SUFFICI5T CAUSE1 = ! EXT9CTION ( OV]SPECIALIZ$ SPECIES LIKE ! MA/ODON4 ,BUT SUPPOS+ ?AT PREHI/ORIC HUNT]S W]E RESPONSIBLE = SOME EXT9CTIONS -- SO :AT8 ,EXT9CTION HAS SO F> BE5 ! FATE ( ALMO/ EV]Y SPECIES TO APPE> ON ?IS PLANET1 & MAY 9 TIME BE ! FATE ( ALL ( !M4 ,! CONT9UATION ( NATURAL LIFE DOES NOT DEP5D UPON ! CONT9UATION ( ANY P>TICUL> SPECIES1 9CLUD+ \RS4 ,:AT DIFF]5CE DOES IT MAKE8 

,ANYWAY1 TO SAY ?AT SOME PREHI/ORIC PRIMITIVES C\LD & DID KILL GAME ANIMALS ON A L>GE SCALE 7#d#b1 #f#b-#f#c N4 #b71 AS ALL AN?ROPOLOGI/S >E WELL AW>E1 DOES NOT 5TAIL ?AT !SE PRIMITIVES BR\<T AB\T ! EXT9CTION ( !IR PREY4 ,WELL 9TO HI/ORIC TIMES1 ! ,PLA9S ,9DIANS KILL$ MANY BUFFALO & ! ,NOR?WE/ ,COA/ ,9DIANS NETT$ MANY SALMON )\T COM+ CLOSE TO EXT+UI%+ EI!R SPECIES4 ,! YIELD1 ?\< 5ORM\S1 WAS SU/A9ABLE4 ,IT REQUIR$ ! 9TRUSION ( 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY TO POSE A REAL RISK ( EXT9CTION ) ITS HI<-TE*1 MASS-PRODUCTION LIFE DE/RUCTION4 

,AN >TICLE :I* ! ,DEAN CITES 7,LEGGE @& ,R[LEY-,CONWY #a#i#h#g71 BUT MU/ NOT HAVE READ V]Y C>EFULLY -- EV5 IF WE DISREG>D HIS MI/AKE AS TO ONE COAU?OR'S NAME 7#f#b-#f#c N4 #b .<0,R[LY0.>7 -- ACTUALLY TELLS AGA9/ HIS 9DICTM5T ( ! =AG]S4 ,BOOK*9 CITES IT = ! CONCLUSION 0?AT MIGRAT+ ANIMALS C\LD HAVE BE5 SLAU<T]$ ) DEVA/AT+ EFFECTIV5ESS BY ! USE ( CORRALS0 7#f#c N4 #b74 ,GRANT+ ?AT -- A PO9T ( NO PRES5T IMPORTANCE -- ! >TICLE TELLS A MORE 9T]E/+ /ORY4 ,! AU?ORS1 >*AEOLOGI/S1 >E REPORT+ ON A SITE !Y EXCAVAT$ 9 ,SYRIA4 ,IT WAS FIR/ OCCUPI$ BY HUNT]-GA!R]S 9 APPROXIMATELY #i ,B4,C4 & REMA9$ OCCUPI$1 ) ONE BREAK1 WELL 9TO ! ,NEOLI?IC 7AGRICULTURAL7 P]IOD4 ,! AU?ORS EMPHASIZE ?AT ?IS WAS A YE>-R\ND COMMUNITY1 NOT A SEASONAL CAMPSITE4 ,= AB\T A ?\S& YE>S AFT] ! VILLAG]S DOME/ICAT$ PLANTS1 HUNT+ -- MA9LY GAZELLE HUNT+ -- CONT9U$ TO SUPPLY !M ) ANIMAL PROTE94 ,BY !N1 ! AU?ORS BELIEVE1 ! F>M]S HAD HUNT$ ! GAZELLES 9TO EXT9CTION1 & ONLY !N DID !Y TAKE UP ANIMAL HUSB&RY TO REPLACE ! MEAT =M]LY SUPPLI$ BY WILD GAME4 

,!RE >E TWO PO9TS ( 9T]E/ H]E1 & EA* IS ADV]SE TO ! ,DEAN4 ,HUNT]-GA!R]S W]E NOT RESPONSIBLE = ! EXT9CTION ( ! GAZELLES3 !IR AGRICULTURAL DESC5DANTS W]E4 ,!SE VILLAG]S HAD LONG S9CE CEAS$ TO BE =AG]S BY ! TIME !Y F9I%$ (F ! GAZELLES 7LOCALLY1 ?AT IS3 ! ANIMALS SURVIV$ ELSE:]E74 ,MORE IMPORTANT1 !Y'D NEV] REALLY BE5 HUNT]-GA!R]S 9 ! S5SE 9 :I* HUNT]- GA!R]S 9T]E/ PRIMITIVI/S & \<T TO 9T]E/ ALL AN>*I/S4 

,AN?ROPOLOGI/S HAVE REC5TLY RESOLV$ AN AMBIGUITY 9 ! EXPRESSION 0HUNT]-GA!R]S0 7CF4 ,MURDOCK #a#i#f#h3 #a#c-#a#e74 ,IT REF]S TO TWO K9DS ( SOCIETY1 NOT ONE3 NONS$5T>Y & S$5T>Y4 ,:AT !Y HAVE 9 COMMON IS ?AT !Y HUNT &_/OR GA!R RA!R ?AN PLANT_/& OR H]D4 ,!Y DO NOT DOME/ICATE EI!R PLANTS OR ANIMALS 79 A FEW SU* SOCIETIES1 DOGS >E DOME/ICAT$1 BUT NOT AS A FOOD S\RCE74 ,:AT SEP>ATES !M IS :E!R !Y OCCUPY LOCATIONS ON A LONG-T]M OR %ORT-T]M BASIS4 ,! OCCUPANTS ( ! ,SYRIAN SITE W]E ALWAYS 0HUNT]S0 9 ! OBVI\S RESPECT ?AT1 LIKE MANY MEMB]S ( ! ,NATIONAL ,RIFLE ,ASSOCIATION1 !Y HUNT$ ANIMALS4 ,BUT !Y MORE CLOSELY RESEMBL$ SU* ,NOR?WE/ ,COA/ ,9DIANS AS ! ,KWAKIUTL 9 ?AT !Y W]E ! P]MAN5T1 YE>-R\ND OCCUPANTS ( FAVOR$1 RE/RICT$ LOCATIONS :I* AF=D$ !M SU/5ANCE4 ,!Y W]E NOT ! SAME SORT ( 0HUNT]-GA!R]S0 AS ! ,AU/RALIAN ABORIG9ES1 ! ,SAN_/,BU%M51 ! ,PYGMIES1 ! ,GREAT ,BAS9 ,%O%ONE & MANY O!RS = :OM FREQU5T RELOCATION WAS ! CONDITION ( SUCCESSFUL ADAPTATION TO !IR HABITATS4 ,S$5T>Y HUNT]-GA!R]S >E SOCIALLY MU* MORE LIKE S$5T>Y AGRICULTURI/S & URBANITES ?AN !Y >E LIKE =AG]S :O >E R\T9ELY ON ! MOVE4 ,!IR SOCIETIES EXHIBIT CLASS /RATIFICATION1 H]$IT>Y *IEFS1 SOMETIMES EV5 SLAV]Y 7,KELLY #a#i#i#a2 ,R5\F #a#i#i#a3 #i-#i#a1 #i#h1 #aa N4 #a2 CF4 ,R5\F #aihi = A PREHI/ORIC ,EUROPEAN EXAMPLE74 ,IT IS FROM !SE SOCIETIES ?AT ! CITY & ! /ATE EM]G$ -- TOGE!R4 

,POSSIBLY MORE RELEVANT IS ! CLAIM ?AT PRIMITIVES >E NOT NECESS>ILY 0ECOLOGICALLY B5IGN0 7#d#b71 & !RE'S NO REASON TO SUPPOSE !Y ALWAYS >E4 ,AS ,D5EVAN SAYS1 SOMETIMES 0,9DIANS LIV$ 9 H>MONY ) NATURE ) SU/A9ABLE SY/EMS ( RES\RCE MANAGEM5T0 & SOMETIMES !Y DIDN'T 7#a#i#i#b3 #c#g74 ,BUT ,DEVEVAN WAS NOT G5]ALIZ+ AB\T PRIMITIVES1 HE WAS G5]ALIZ+ AB\T ,9DIANS4 ,HE NO:]E ADDUCES A S+LE EXAMPLE ( ,AM]9DIAN HUNT]-GA!R]S :O DEGRAD$ !IR 5VIRONM5T1 & NEI!R DOES ,BOOK*91 AL?\< ,I W\LDN'T LOSE A LOT ( SLEEP IF IT TURN$ \T ?AT !RE WAS ONE1 OR EV5 MORE ?AN ONE GR\P LIKE ?AT4 ,A SMALL-SCALE SOCIETY :I* F\L$ ITS [N NE/ W\LD PROBABLY NOT SURVIVE1 BUT ! 5VIRONM5TAL DAMAGE IT DID W\LD BE LOCALIZ$4 ,A SMALL-SCALE SOCIETY :I* BY SOME COMB9ATION ( 9SI<T & ACCID5T SETTL$ 9TO A SU/A9ABLE RELATION%IP ) ITS ECOSY/EM W\LD BE MU* MORE LIKELY TO P]SI/4 ,EXI/+ =AG+ SOCIETIES MAY NOT ALL HAVE BE5 >\ND = MILL5NIA1 BUT !Y'VE 5DUR$ AT LEA/ = C5TURIES4 

0,PRIMITIVISM0 IS NOT 09DIG5ISM10 I4E41 PAN-,9DIAN RACIAL NATIONALISM ) A LEFT-W+ SP9 SU* AS ,W>D ,*UR*ILL S]VES UP4 0,PRIMITIVE0 & 0,9DIAN0 >E NOT SYNONYMS4 ,MO/ PRIMITIVES W]E NEV] ,9DIANS & MANY PRE-,COLUMBIAN ,9DIANS W]5'T PRIMITIVES4 ,! ,DEAN REPORTS ?AT 0=E/ OV]CLE>+ & ! FAILURE ( SUBSI/5CE AGRICULTURE UND]M9$ ,MAYAN SOCIETY & CONTRIBUT$ TO ITS COLLAPSE0 7#d#c74 ,ONE ONLY HAS TO REF] TO HIS [N FOOTNOTE TO ID5TIFY HIS REF]5CES 7#f#d N4 #b#e7 FROM 0,! ,COLLAPSE ( ,CLASSIC ,MAYA ,CIVILIZATION0 9 ,! ,COLLAPSE ( ,ANCI5T ,/ATES & ,CIVILIZATIONS TO ,! ,COLLAPSE ( ,COMPLEX ,SOCIETIES 9 ORD] TO NOTICE ?AT HE'S NOT REF]R+ TO =AG]S OR PRIMITIVES1 HE'S REF]R+ TO A CIVILIZATION1 ! /ATE-ORGANIZ$1 URBAN-BAS$1 AGRICULTURAL1 PRIE/-RIDD51 CLASS-/RATIFI$ ,MAYAN CIVILIZATION4 ,CIVILIZATIONS HAVE A LONG HI/ORY ( OCCASION+ 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION :E!R ! CIVILIZ$ BE R$1 :ITE1 BLACK OR YELL[3 !Y HAVE BELONG$ TO ALL ( !SE RACES4 ,IS ?IS NEWS TO ,PR(ESSOR ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY8 

,PROBABLY ! MO/ AMUS+ ASPECT ( ! ,DEAN'S CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! PRIMITIVI/S IS H[ BLATANTLY SELF-CONTRADICTORY IT IS 7,J>A* #a#i#i#f74 ,:ILE HE WANTS TO REPRES5T PRIMITIVE LIFE-WAYS AS UNDESIRABLE1 ! DECISIVE PO9T IS ?AT !Y >E1 = US1 SIMPLY IMPOSSIBLE3 0,ANYONE :O ADVISES US TO SIGNIFICANTLY1 EV5 DRA/ICALLY1 R$UCE \R TE*NOLOGY IS ALSO ADVIS+ US1 9 ALL LOGIC1 TO GO BACK TO ! '/ONE AGE' -- AT LEA/ TO ! ,NEOLI?IC OR ,PALEOLI?IC 7E>LY1 MIDDLE1 OR LATE70 7#c#f74 

,TO DIGRESS = JU/ A BIT1 CONSID] H[ IDIOTIC ?IS ASS]TION IS4 ,! ,DEAN SAYS ?AT ANY SIGNIFICANT ROLLBACK ( TE*NOLOGY W\LD R$UCE US TO1 AT BE/1 ! ,NEOLI?IC1 ! ,NEW ,/ONE ,AGE4 ,BUT OBVI\SLY !RE WAS A LOT ( TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRESS1 IF ?AT'S :AT IT WAS1 BETWE5 ! ,NEOLI?IC ,REVOLUTION 7AGRICULTURE7 :I* COMM5C$ A FEW ?\S& YE>S AGO & ! ,MEGAMA*9E :I* DOM9ATES US N[4 ,! ,DEAN'S BELOV$ ,A!NIAN POLIS1 = 9/ANCE1 EXPLOIT$ A TE*NOLOGY MU* 9F]IOR TO :AT WE MOD]NS COMM& BUT F> BEYOND :AT ! ,NEOLI?IC F>M]S1 ! E>LIE/ F>M]S1 HAD TO WORK )4 ,E>LY M$IEVAL ,EUROPE1 AN ALMO/ 5TIRELY RURAL SOCIETY1 QUICKLY DEVELOP$ NEW TE*NOLOGY 7SU* AS ! MOLD-BO>D PL[7 BEYOND ANY?+ ?AT URBAN-ORI5T$ ,GRECO-,ROMAN CIVILIZATION EV] DID4 

,JOHN ,Z]ZAN'S UNSPEAKABLE H]ESY1 AS ! ,DEAN SEES IT1 IS ?AT ,Z]ZAN ?9KS ?AT PREHI/ORIC HUNT]-GA!R]S DID NOT JU/ FAIL TO 09NOVATE TE*NOLOGICAL *ANGE0 7#c#h71 !Y REFUS$ DOME/ICATION & ! DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,= ! ,DEAN1 PROGRESS IS AN (F] Y\ CAN'T REFUSE4 ,BUT !N1 SUBLIMELY OBLIVI\S TO ! 9CONSI/5CY1 HE GOES ON TO SAY ?AT SOME PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES HAVE1 9 HIS VALUE-LAD5 WORD1 0DEVOLV$0 FROM MORE COMPLEX SOCIETIES 7#d#d74 ,! ,MAYANS DEVOLV$ FROM CIVILIZATION 7#d#c74 ,! ,YUQUI =AG]S ( ! ,BOLIVIAN =E/ DEVOLV$ FROM 0A SLAVE-HOLD+ PRE-,COLUMBIAN SOCIETY0 :I* WAS HORTICULTURAL 7#d#e74 ,EV5 ! ,SAN HAVE 0LIT]ALLY DEVOLV$ -- PROBABLY V]Y MU* AGA9/ !IR DESIRES -- FROM HORTICULTURAL SOCIAL SY/EMS0 7#d#d2 CF4 ,WILMS5 #a#i#h#i74 

,WE MAY 0NEV] HAVE ANY WAY ( KN[+ :E!R ! LIFEWAYS ( TODAY'S =AG+ CULTURES ACCURATELY MIRROR ?OSE ( \R ANCE/RAL PA/0 7#d#c7 -- ACTUALLY1 >*AEOLOGY & PALEOECOLOGY HAVE COME UP ) SOME WAYS -- BUT WE HAVE AN EASY WAY TO F9D \T IF ! ,SAN W\LD RA!R BE G>D5]S ?AN =AG]S4 ,WE CAN ASK !M4 ,?IS W\LD NEV] OCCUR TO ! ,DEAN1 = :OM CONTEMPOR>Y =AG]S >E LITTLE MORE ?AN TALK+ DOGS1 BUT IT OCCURR$ TO ,RI*>D ,B4 ,LEE :5 HE LIV$ ) & /UDI$ ! ,SAN 9 ! '#fS3 0:5 A ,BU%MAN WAS ASK$ :Y HE HADN'T TAK5 TO AGRICULTURE HE REPLI$3 ',:Y %\LD WE PLANT1 :5 !RE >E SO MANY MONGONGO NUTS 9 ! WORLD80' 7,LEE #a#i#f#h3 #c#c74 

,!RE >E MANY EXAMPLES ( VOLUNT>Y 0DEVOLUTION40 ,! ANCE/ORS ( MO/ ,PLA9S ,9DIAN TRIBES W]E AGRICULTURI/S4 ,!RE IS ABSOLUTELY NO REASON TO SUPPOSE !Y W]E =C$ (F !IR F>ML&S & ONTO ! PLA9S BY 5VIRONM5TAL PRESSURES OR AGGRESSION FROM O!R TRIBES4 ,:5 ! HORSE1 9TRODUC$ BY ! ,SPANI%1 F\ND ITS WAY NOR?1 !SE ,9DIANS SEIZ$ UPON ?IS NEW TE*NOLOGY TO 0DEVOLVE0 FROM S$5T>Y AGRICULTURE TO NOMADIC BUFFALO HUNT+4 ,WE'LL NEV] KN[ = SURE :Y !Y MADE ?IS *OICE4 ,WAS BUFFALO MEAT TA/I] ?AN CORN8 ,WAS HUNT+ MORE FUN ?AN F>M+8 ,WAS A FREQU5T *ANGE ( SC5]Y MORE 9T]E/+ ?AN BE+ /UCK =EV] 9 ,MUDVILLE-ON-!-,MISS\RI8 ,:ATEV] IT WAS1 IT WAS A *OICE4 ,MAYBE WE HAVE A *OICE TOO4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,NOVEMB] #b#i1 #bb 3 ,*APT] #g -- ,ADD$4 

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