,AN>*Y 7#a#h#i#e7 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ELISEE ,RECLUS 

,TEXT 3 

,Y,\ KN[ ?AT WE1 ! ,AN>*I/S1 >E CONSID]$ AS A SET ( MO/ DESP]ATE & WICK$ M52 & REC5TLY1 P]US+ BY M]E *ANCE AN ,5GLI% REVIEW :I* HAD ALREADY PUBLI%$ SOME ( MY SCI5TIFIC PAP]S1 ,I F\ND1 TO MY SURPRISE1 ?AT ,I WAS SPOK5 ( BY NAME AS BELONG+ TO A 0GANG ( RUFFIANS40 ,N[1 ?IS IS 9DE$ A V]Y BAD 9TRODUCTION TO Y\2 /ILL ,I HOPE Y\ WILL NOT CONDEMN ME AT ONCE4 ,IF Y\ HAVE READ & HE>D ! ATTACKS1 Y\ >E B\ND BY FAIR PLAY TO HE> ALSO ! DEF5SE1 & EV5 A C\NT]-ATTACK4 

,\R NAME EXPLA9S P]FECTLY :AT \R AIM IS -- AT LEA/ \R NEGATIVE AIM4 ,WE WI% TO DO AWAY ) GOV]NM5T BECAUSE EV]Y ORGANIZATION FROM ! \TSIDE PREV5TS ! FREE WORK+ ( SPONTANE\S ORGANIZATION4 ,GOV]NM5T1 UND] ALL ITS V>I\S %APES1 IS BUT ANO!R NAME = A BODY ( PEOPLE HAV+ GOT ! P[] TO 5=CE !IR WILL1 :I* !Y CALL & MAKE ,LAW2 & ?IS WILL1 ?IS ,LAW1 REPRES5TS NOT ! SOCIETY'S 9T]E/1 BUT !IR [N4 ,IF MANK9D'S IDEAL IS ! HAPP9ESS ( ALL1 GOV]NM5T CANNOT & WILL NOT EV] FULFILL IT1 BECAUSE ITS FIR/ CONC]N IS = ITS [N MEMB]S4 ,SUBJECTS COME ALWAYS AFT] ! RUL]2 & EV5 W]E !Y S5SU\SLY PLEAS$ AS A H]D ( WELL-F$ SW9E1 !Y WILL NEV] 5JOY ?AT TRUE HAPP9ESS :I* EXI/S BETWE5 FRI5DS & EQUALS4 ,A DRUDG+ S]VANT NEV] 5JOYS LIFE NOBLY & MANFULLY SIDE BY SIDE ) HIS MA/]1 NEV] A SLAVE ) A FREE MAN2 NEV] A POOR FELL[ PICK+ UP 9 ! MUD HIS MORSEL ( BREAD ) ! RI*1 :O DOES NOT C>E = BREAD1 BECAUSE DA9TIES >E BETT] = HIM4 

,\R IDEAL ( SOCIETY IS QUITE DIFF]5T FROM ! ACTUAL /ATE ( ?+S1 QUITE DIFF]5T FROM ! IMAG9$ ,UTOPIAS ( MO/ ANCI5T & MOD]N WRIT]S4 ,HI< PEOPLE1 :O HAVE 5JOY$ ! PRIVILEGES ( BIR?1 WEAL?1 & $UCATION >E ALWAYS PRONE TO BELIEVE !MSELVES TO BE A *OS5 TRIBE2 & EV5 :5 !Y FEEL K9DLY T[>DS ! L[BORN POOR1 !Y WANT !M TO BE L$ BY /R+S1 LIKE *ILDR51 & TAU<T GOOD MORALS BY !IR BETT]S4 ,& :O >E !IR BETT]S8 ,! >I/OCRACY1 ( C\RSE -- ?OSE :O 5JOY ALREADY ! ADVANTAGES ( A PLEASANT LIFE1 & :O BY !IR V]Y POSITION >E 9DUC$ TO MA9TA9 9EQUALITY 9 !IR [N FAVOR4 

,! SOCIETY WE IMAG9E1 & :OSE EVOLUTION WE >E /UDY+ 9 ! PRES5T *AOTIC CR[D ( CONFLICT+ UNITS1 IS A SOCIETY 9 :I* WORK IS GO+ ON1 NOT BY ! BEHE/ ( A :OLE HI]>*Y ( *IEFS & SUB-*IEFS1 BUT BY ! COMPREH5SION ( COMMON 9T]E/S & ! NATURAL WORK+ ( MUTUAL AID & SYMPA?Y2 9 :I* ORD] IS KEPT1 NOT BY ! /RONG >M ( LAW1 BY PRISONS1 CAT-O'-N9E-TAILS1 HANG+-ROPES1 GUILLOT9ES1 & :OLESALE BL[+S-UP1 BUT BY UNIV]SAL $UCATION1 BY RESPECT ( EV]YONE = HIMSELF & = O!RS2 9 :I* HAPP9ESS WILL BE 5SUR$1 NOT BY 9T]MITT5T & DISDA9FUL *>ITIES1 BUT BY REAL & SUB/ANTIAL WELF>E1 & BY ! COMMON 5JOYM5T ( RI*ES DUE TO ! COMMON WORK4 

,9 FACT1 ! *ANGE WE PROPOSE 9 SOCIETY IS PRECISELY ! *ANGE :I* IS GO+ ON 9 ! FAMILY ITSELF1 :]E ! OLD IDEA ( A RUL+ MA/]1 HAV+ ! RI<T1 & EV5 ! DUTY1 TO *A/ISE ) ! ROD WIFE & *ILDR51 IS GRADUALLY AB&ON$1 & :]E LOVE1 MUTUAL RESPECT1 & P]MAN5T K9DNESS >E CONSID]$ ! ONLY NATURAL TIES BETWE5 ALL4 ,& EV]Y:]E ! SAME EVOLUTION IS GO+ ON 9 SOCIAL MORALS4 ,PEOPLE FEEL ?AT A NEW DEP>TURE MU/ BE TAK5 9 ! ME?ODS ( SOCIAL ACTIVITY4 ,EV5 9 WORK%OPS & GREAT MANUFACTORIES1 ! BE/ WAY ( GO+ ON SMOO?LY = EMPLOY]S & EMPLOY$ IS TO HAVE1 9 SPITE ( ! DIFF]5CE 9 WAGES1 A L9K ( MUTUAL RESPECT4 ,Y\ ALL REMEMB] ! SAY+ ( ! *IEF 5G9E] ( ! ,=? ,BRIDGE AT ! OP5+ ( ?AT MO/ /UP5D\S WORK ( ! AGE3 0,IF ALL WE FELL[-WORK]S HAD NOT LABOR$ TOGE!R 9 ! GLORI\S UND]TAK+ ) ! SAME M9D & ! SAME HE>T1 IT NEV] W\LD HAVE BE5 A*IEV$4 ,EV]Y NAIL IS NECESS>Y TO ! :OLE2 EV]YONE ( US HAS BE5 NECESS>Y TO ?IS SPL5DID 5D60 ,SU* W]E ! WORDS ( ! ILLU/RI\S CON/RUCTOR2 HE FELT ?AT 5?USIASM = ! A*IEVEM5T ( A GREAT WORK HAD BE5 ?R\<\T ! *IEF MOTOR1 AL?\<1 G5]ALLY & QUITE NATURALLY1 HATR$ & 5VY >E BR$ BY ! DIFF]5CE ( SOCIAL /&+ & SAL>IES4 ,?AT 5?USIASM = HI< AIMS IS TO TAKE ! PLACE ( CONT9UAL COMPULSION4 

,( C\RSE1 WE KN[ ?AT ! *ANGE 9 SOCIETY BR\<T AB\T BY ! SUB/ITUTION ( 9N] NATURAL ORGANIZATION = ! \T] >TIFICIAL ORGANIZATION ( CAPRICE1 =CE1 & LAW1 WILL BE A *ANGE ( CAPITAL IMPORTANCE1 &1 9 CONSEQU5CE1 ACCOMPANI$ BY NUM]\S & =MIDABLE EV5TS4 ,EV]Y G5]AL EVOLUTION BR+S 9 ITS WAKE CORRESPOND+ REVOLUTIONS4 ,IT MU/ BE SO1 & WE CANNOT ALT] ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY2 BUT ?IS WE KN[1 ?AT H[SOEV] GREAT MAY BE ! DANG]S FOLL[+ ! *ANGE FROM GOV]NANCE TO SPONTANE\S GR\P+1 !SE DANG]S CAN NEV] COMP>E ) ! ACTUAL EVILS :I* RESULT FROM ! EX]CISE ( P]SONAL AU?ORITY & ! EXTORTIONS ( LAW4444 

,!RE IS A PROV]BIAL PHRASE :I* IS V]Y COMMONLY UTT]$1 EV5 BY ! MO/ CONS]VATIVE PEOPLE3 0,! BE/ GOV]NM5T IS ?AT :I* GOV]NS ! LEA/60 ,?IS IS ALSO \R OP9ION1 & WE FOLL[ IT LOGICALLY BY ADD+ ?AT GOV]NM5T1 :5 R$UC$ TO A M]E CIPH]1 LEAVES SOCIETY FREE TO ATTA9 ITS F9AL P]FECTION4 ,BUT EV]Y:]E1 ! SO-CALL$ 0CIVILIZ$0 NATIONS GROAN UND] ! PRESSURE ( A MORE OR LESS /RONG GOV]NM5T1 & C]TA9LY ,I CAN %[ Y\ 9 NO P>T ( ! WORLD ANY L>GE COMMUNITY :I* LIVES 5TIRELY FREE1 )\T ! 9T]V5TION ( PEOPLE :O CONSID] !MSELVES AS RUL]S1 GIV]S ( WORK & SUP]9T5D5TS ( ! :OLE POLITICAL & SOCIAL MA*9]Y4 

,ALL ,AN>*ICAL EXI/+ GR\PS 7& !RE >E MANY ( !M7 >E ONLY SMALL TRIBES1 5JOY+ !IR 5TIRE FRE$OM FROM G5]AL OR LOCAL GOV]NM5TS 9 =E/S & 9 OP5 PLA9S4 ,!RE >E1 ALSO1 SOME GR\PS ( AGRICULTURI/S :O HAVE /ILL ! GOOD LUCK 9 M\NTA9 FA/NESSES TO ESCAPE CONQUE/1 & ! LAWS ( MON>*IES OR REPUBLICS4 ,WE MU/ ADD A FEW CONSCI\SLY ,AN>*ICAL & ,COMMUNI/ SOCIETIES ?AT HAVE >IS5 DUR+ ?IS C5TURY 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA4 ,I MU/ ESPECIALLY M5TION ! OLD ,IC>IANS1 :O BEGAN SOME FIFTY YE>S AGO AS AU?ORIT>IANS & LAW-ABID]S1 :O HAD A *IEF OR RA!R A POPE1 BUT :O1 BY A LONG S]IES ( VICISSITUDES LO/1 SO TO SAY1 !IR FIR/ SK9 &1 *ANG+ !IR CON/ITUTION FROM TIME TO TIME1 F9I%$ BY ABOLI%+ IT ALTOGE!R1 & N[ LIVE HAPPILY & SIMPLY )\T ANY O!R RULE ( LIFE ?AN SELF & MUTUAL RESPECT & LOVE4 

,BUT IF ,I CAN %[ Y\ ONLY COMP>ATIVELY SMALL ,AN>*ICAL COMMUNITIES1 HI/ORY EXEMPLIFIES TO US 9 A SPL5DID WAY H[ AMONG NATIONS PROGRESS IS ALWAYS 9 EXACT PROPORTION TO ! 9CREASE ( FRE$OM1 TO ! DECREASE ( /R5G? 9 GOV]NM5T & P[] 9 LAWS4 

,LOOK FIR/ AT ,GREECE1 ! L& TO :I* WE TRACE \R SPIRITUAL BIR?4 ,C]TA9LY IT HAD GOV]NM5TS1 EV5 MANY ( !M1 >I/OCRACIES & DEMOCRACIES & OLIG>*IES & SO ON1 BUT ) ! S+LE EXCEPTION ( B>B>\S ,SP>TA1 5TIRELY COMPOS$ ( W>RIORS1 :O W]E =BIDD5 TO ?9K1 TO SPEAK1 EV5 TO READ1 ALL ! ,GREEK REPUBLICS W]E 9 A /ATE ( CON/ANT EVOLUTION & REVOLUTION2 GOV]NM5TS BUILT ON ! S& W]E CONT9UALLY %AK52 !Y HAD NO TIME TO TAKE HOLD ( ! PUBLIC M9D1 TO BECOME A K9D ( RELIGION1 CORRELATIVE ) ! BELIEF 9 A HEAV5LY GOD1 & ! /RIFE ( ?\<T W5T ON BETWE5 P>TIES & P>TIES1 BETWE5 M5 & M54 ,! SPIRIT ( FRE$OM WAS NOT CRU%$ AMONG !M AS IT HAD BE5 9 ,BABYLON1 9 ,P]SIA1 9 ,EGYPT1 & ?AT IS :Y KN[L$GE 9CREAS$ IMM5SELY 9 ALL DIRECTIONS4 ,>T ATTA9$ A P]FECT BEAUTY :I* WAS CONSID]$ = TWO ?\S& YE>S AS A DEF9ITE /&>D2 ALL SCI5CES BEGAN OR DEVELOP$ !MSELVES1 & ! \TL9ES ( EV]Y C\RSE ( /UDY :I* WE >E N[ TRY+ TO COMPLETE W]E DI/9CTLY M>K$2 HI/ORY MADE ITS APPE>ANCE 9 LIT]>Y MA/]-PIECES2 ! !ORIES ( EVOLUTION1 :I* MO/ PEOPLE FALSELY ?9K A NEW CONQUE/1 GR[ SPL5DIDLY 9 ,EPICURUS \T ( ! TREASURY ( FACTS2 &1 LA/LY1 MORALS PROGRESS$ AT ! SAME PACE AS SCI5CE1 AS IS %[N BY ! ADMIRABLE1 & ,I SAY ET]NAL1 BOOKS ( ! ,/OICS1 SO WELL SU/A9$ BY !IR NOBLE LIFE4 ,?AT P]IOD ( TIME IS ALWAYS ! PRIDE & GLORY ( MANK9D4 

,& N[ LET US TURN TO ANO!R P]IOD1 :5 ! LONG NI<T ( ! MIDDLE-AGES GAVE WAY TO ! FIR/ LI<T ( ! DAWN4 ,= MORE ?AN ONE ?\S& YE>S TRIUMPHANT B>B>IAN *IEFS & ,*RI/IAN MONKS HAD UTT]LY PREV5T$ ANY FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ?\<T2 BUT UND] ?OSE A%ES GLEAM$ /ILL SOME FIRE1 & FLAMES ROSE AGA94 ,! HI/ORY ( COMMUNES1 ?AT HI/ORY :I* HAS NOT YET BE5 WRITT51 BUT :I*1 ,I HOPE1 WILL BE TAK5 UP BY SOME ( \R ?9K]S1 BEGAN 9 ALL P>TS ( ,EUROPE & EV5 ( ,MUSSULMAN ,AFRICA4 ,!RE WAS EV]Y:]E1 AS 9 ANCI5T ,GREECE1 A CLA%+ ( /ATES AGA9/ /ATES1 ( B>ONS AGA9/ CITIES1 ( PEASANTRY AGA9/ KNI<TS3 9NUM]ABLE CONFLICTS & REVOLUTIONS %OOK ! OLD /ATE ( ?+S1 & PEOPLE W]E BORN TO NEW ?\<TS4 ,AGA9 ?AT HAPPY /RUGGLE1 :I* WEAK5$ ! IDEA ( /RONG GOV]NM5T1 ALL[$ HUMAN 9TELLECT TO FREE ITSELF & A NEW P]IOD ( SCI5CE1 LIT]ATURE1 >T1 DISCOV]Y1 MORALS1 DEVELOP$ ITSELF ?R\<\T ,EUROPE4 ,SOME ( ! MO/ SPL5DID PAGES ?AT HAVE BE5 WRITT5 BELONG TO ?AT TIME1 :I* CULM9ATES ) ! ,R5AISSANCE1 ?AT IS ) ! NEW BIR? ( MANK9D1 :5 OLD ,GREECE WAS DISCOV]$ AGA94 

,! NAMES ( ! ,SPANI% COMUN]OS1 ( ! ,FR5* COMMUNES1 ( ! ,5GLI% YEOM51 ( ! FREE CITIES 9 ,G]MANY1 ( ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,NOVGOROD & ( ! M>VEL\S COMMUNITIES ( ,ITALY MU/ BE1 ) US ,AN>*I/S1 H\SEHOLD WORDS3 NEV] WAS CIVILIZ$ HUMANITY NE>] TO REAL ,AN>*Y ?AN IT WAS 9 C]TA9 PHASES ( ! COMMUNAL HI/ORY ( ,FLOR5CE & ,NURNB]G4 

,GREAT MON>*IES PREVAIL$ OV] !SE MANY FREE REPUBLICS & ! GLOOM ( SUBJECTION SEEM$ TO D>K5 \R ,WE/]N ,EUROPE2 BUT IT WAS DIFFICULT TO ]ADICATE 5TIRELY FREE SPEE* & FREE ?\<T4 ,9 SPITE ( ! GREAT K+S1 9 SPITE ( ,PHILIP ( ,SPA9 & ,L\IS ,X,I,V ( ,FRANCE1 ! LITTLE COMMON WEAL? ( ,NE!RL&S HAD WRIT]S & PR9T]S TO KEEP TYRANNY 9 *ECK4 ,AFT]W>DS ! /RUGGLE W5T ON ALSO 9 ,FRANCE1 9 ,5GL&1 9 ,AM]ICA1 M9DS EMANCIPAT$ !MSELVES & GAVE RISE TO ?OSE REVOLUTIONS1 :I* W]E ! BEG9N+ ( \R MOD]N WORLD4 ,)\T ?OSE REVOLUTIONS SOCIETY W\LD HAVE BE5 AT A /&-/ILL 9 9DU/RY1 9 SCI5CE1 >T1 SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY2 & WE ,AN>*I/S1 9/EAD ( SPEAK+ TO Y\ ON ! DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 W\LD HAVE C]TA9LY NO OPPORTUNITY ( GR\P+ \RSELVES ALL OV] ! WORLD 9 NEW COMMUNITIES4 

,& N[ DO Y\ NOT ?9K IT IS TOO LATE = GOV]NM5T TO PUT A GAG 9 \R M\?1 TO LET SIL5CE REIGN AGA9 OV] A SUBJECT PEOPLE8 ,WE HAVE BEH9D US ! IMPULSE ( ALL =M] ACQUISITIONS 9 SCI5CE & 9 MORALS & !SE DRIVE US =W>D ) AN IRRESI/IBLE =CE4 

,C]TA9LY1 WE SEEM TO BE WEAK 9 NUMB]S1 9 MAT]IAL /R5G?1 & WE >E V]Y POOR 9 MONEY2 MEAN:ILE GOV]NM5TS HAVE ON !IR SIDE >MIES1 AMMUNITION1 MILLIONS & MILLIONS ( P\NDS1 ! REASON+S ( ! POLITICAL ECONOMI/S & ! BLESS+ ( ! PRIE/S4 ,BUT !RE IS ONE ?+ :I* IS WANT+ TO !M & :I* WE HAVE4 ,?IS WILL BE ! REASON = \R F9AL & DECID$ VICTORY4 ,!Y KN[ ALREADY ?AT !Y >E WRONG3 !Y DON'T BELIEVE 9 !IR [N MORALS4 ,WE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 KN[ ?AT WE >E RI<T & ?AT \R IDEA IS JU/2 = WE >E WORK+ & FI<T+ = ! EQUALITY ( M51 = ! HAPP9ESS ( ALL HUMAN BE+S4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,AN>*Y 7#a#h#i#e7 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,AN>*Y 7#a#h#i#e7 -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/