,*APT] #ci 
,LETT] FROM ,RUSSIA 

#aihaih 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,VICTOR ,S]GE 

,TEXT 3 

,LETT] FROM ,RUSSIA 

,P,E,T,R,O,G,R,A,D1 ,S,E,P,T,E,M,B,] #a1 #aiba 

,PETROGRAD ON A BEAUTIFUL ,AUGU/ DAY4 ,ON ,MI*AEL'S ,SQU>E1 UND] ! W9D[S ( A PALACE & A !AT] ?AT IS PACK$ EV]Y NI<T1 ?REE /RANGE C>RIAGES >E /OPP$4 ,!Y'RE L[ C>TS1 COV]$ ) T>PS & PULL$ BY SMALL HORSES :OSE RIBS SORR[FULLY /ICK \T UND] !IR TAUT1 DU/Y SK91 WORN \T ) SWEAT4 ,! WE>Y DRIV]S1 OLD BE>D$ MUZHIKS1 ASK ! WAY4 ,ALL >\ND !RE'S ! COM+ & GO+ ( TRAMS1 ! DUAL RIV] ( 79 FACT7 WELL-DRESS$ PASS]SBY ( ! GREAT CITY4 ,UND] ! T>PS1 UPON :I* A RIV] ( SUN FALLS1 !RE >E T9Y T\SL$ BLOND HEADS & ! GRIMY OLD FACES ( ! SICK CONSUM$ BY HUNG]4 

0,:]E >E Y\ FROM1 LITTLE FA!R80 

0,FROM ,SAM>A40 

,FROM ! C\NTRY ( HUNG]4 ,& !Y'VE TRAVEL$ MORE ?AN A ?\S& KILOMET]S1 DRIV5 BY ! DESIRE TO LIVE1 TO LIVE DESPITE IT ALL1 :ILE !RE !IR 5TIRE PEOPLE SEEMS TO BE CONDEMN$4 

,TWO LITTLE GIRLS /&+ 9 ! C>T LOOK )\T SURPRISE ON ! CR[D & ! CITY4 ,!Y HAVE TIR$ BLUE EYES1 HOLL[ *EEKS GRAY FROM DU/ & ANEMIA4 ,!Y'VE ALREADY PASS$ ?R\< SO MANY 9HOSPITABLE CITIES ?AT EV5 ?IS ONE DOESN'T SURPRISE !M4 

,?IS IS H[ !Y >RIVE 9 ALL ! CITIES ( IMM5SE ,RUSSIA1 ! BRAVE/ & LUCKIE/ ( ?OSE FLEE+ ! ,VOLGA4 ,!Y BR+ ) !M ! DEAD & ! DY+1 SOMETIMES LITTLE WR9KL$ CORPSES1 DE=M$ BE+S ) !IR BELLIES BLOAT$ BY F\L FOOD1 BY ILLNESS4 ,!Y PASS ?R\< CITIES :OSE SUFF]+ C\NTS = LITTLE COMP>$ TO !IRS1 LIKE SAVAGES ( ANO!R RACE4 ,! PEOPLE ( ! CITY1 DRESS$ A LA EUROPE5NE1 (T5 ) A REMA9D] ( ELEGANCE1 /OP AT ! $GE ( ! SIDEWALK TO WAT* !M PASS4 ,! BE/ ( !M SI<4 ,! O!RS1 ! IMBECILES1 SAY1 0,! WORSE ?+S >E ! BETT]3 ! ,BOL%EVIKS WON'T PULL ?R\< ?IS TIME60 

,WILL !Y F9D ASYLUM & BREAD 9 \R GREAT DEVA/AT$ CITY1 :]E LIFE IS SO H>%8 ,I LOOK \T ON ! CR[D ON ! SQU>E & ,I ALMO/ HAVE MY D\BTS4 ,ALL ! PASS]SBY HAVE ! LOOK & CLO?+ ( ! ANCI5 REGIME4 ,WORK]S1 REVOLUTION>IES1 SOME >E DEAD1 O!RS VAGUELY C>RY \T DIFFICULT TASKS & >E POORLY DRESS$1 ILL-N\RI%$ & HAVE NO?+ LEFT TO GIVE4 ,& YET A CAFE & A CONFECTION>Y HAVE OP5$ A HUNDR$ MET]S FROM H]E :]E ! PASS+ PETIT B\RGEOIS SP5D 9 T5 M9UTES ?REE OR F\R MON?S' WAGES ( A COMMUNI/ WORK+ WOMAN4 ,& SUDD5LY1 POOR />V+ PEOPLE1 !RE COMES ! CLE> IMPRESSION ?AT Y\ HAVE NO?+ TO HOPE = FROM !SE %OPKEEP]S1 FROM !IR CU/OM]S1 FROM ! REVOLT+ PETITE B\RGEOISIE ( ! CAPITALS ?AT 9 Y\R LACK ( CONSCI\SNESS Y\ HAVE SO (T5 SUPPORT$4 ,Y\ HAVE ONLY TO HAVE HOPE 9 ?OSE--! EXHAU/$ PROLET>IANS1 ! COMMUNI/ ESCAPEES FROM ! CIVIL W>--:O >E ALMO/ AS POOR AS Y\4 

,WE PASS 9 FRONT ( %9+ NEW DISPLAYS1 BO? OPUL5T & PITIFUL4 ,H]E ONE CAN EAT A GA/RONOMIC FEA/1 ON CONDITION ?AT ONE IS ONE ( ! BIG EMBEZZL]S ( ! /OCK ( ! ,COMMUNE ?AT ! ,*EKA /ILL EXECUTES :5 !Y CAT* !M 9 ! ACT4 ,I 5T]4 

,?REE G5TLEM5 >E !RE SPEAK+ ) ! [N] ( ! E/ABLI%M5T1 AN OLD1 BESPECTACL$ ANTIQUE M]*ANT4 ,! ROOM IS DECORAT$ ) 5GRAV+S1 ) M9IATURES1 ) PORCELA9S ! PRODUCT ( EXCELL5T DEALS MADE BY A CONNOISSEUR4 ,?IS T9Y ?+S REPRES5T MILLIONS ( RUBLES4 ,?R\< ! W9D[ ,I CAN SEE MOV+ (F 9TO ! DI/ANCE ! MIS]ABLE C>RIAGES ( ! />V+4 ,I WOND] BY :AT MIRACLE ! EXHAU/$ ANIMALS ?AT PULL !M >E ABLE TO REMA9 /&+4 

,& ,I HE>D A G5TLEMAN SPEAK :O HAD LAID HIS WALLET ( A WELL-PAID TE*NICIAN ON A FLUT$ *AIR3 0,! ,AM]ICANS1 ,5GLI% CAPITAL 444 ,?AT W\LD BE AN EXCELL5T AFFAIR 444 ,YES1 REALLY A GOOD ONE 444 ,A CONCESSION8 ,NO1 NOT YET 444 ,SEV5TE5 MILLION Y\ SAY8 ,9 VALUTA ?AT COMES TO V]Y LITTLE4 ,N9ETE5 MILLION 444 ! ,AM]ICANS40 

,SNAT*ES ( WORDS REA* ME4 ,& !N O!RS3 

0,! FAM9E 444 ! POLITICAL CONSEQU5CES ( ! FAM9E 444 !Y'RE SCREW$ 444 SCREW$40 

,& AGA93 

0,5GLI% CAPITAL 444 ,! ,AM]ICANS 4440 ,A ?9 Y\NG WOMAN BR+S !M CAFE AU LAIT & COOKIES4 ,! [N]-ANTIQUE DEAL] %[S (F A M9IATURE ?AT !Y :ISP]+LY E/IMATE 9 RUBLES ( ! CZ>1 ( ! ,DUMA1 ( ! ,SOVIETS1 9 FRANCS1 9 M>KS1 9 DOLL>S 444 

,I RECALL ! ,:ITES ( #a#i#a#i4 ,?IS MORN+ ,I READ ?AT A NEW PLOT HAS BE5 UNCOV]$4 ,IT'S NOT YET ! TRUE/ ONE1 ! MO/ DANG]\S ONE4 

,!RE >E ALREADY M5 :O IMAG9E ?AT TOMORR[ !Y CAN C>VE UP ! DEAD REVOLUTION 444 

,DUR+ ! AFT]NOON A Y\NG ,JEWI% /UD5T FROM ,KH>KOV CAME TO MY H\SE4 ,QUITE SIMPLY1 )\T REALIZ+ ?AT HE WAS REC\NT+ HORRIFIC EV5TS1 ?AT HE WAS TAK+ US BACK1 WE :O W]E GA!R$ TOGE!R 9 #aiba 9 ONE ( ! GREAT CAPITALS ( ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD1 TO ! TIME ( ,M]OV+IAN KILL+S1 HE TOLD US AS HE SIPP$ HIS TEA H[ MANY TIMES HE WAS NE>LY KILL$ BECAUSE HE WAS A ,JEW4 ,FIVE OR SIX TIMES 9 EI<TE5 MON?S4 ,H[ DID HE SURVIVE8 ,! SAME SLI<TLY DISCONC]T+ *ANCE ?AT ALL[S SOLDI]S TO SURVIVE FIVE OR SIX ATTACKS SP>$ HIM4 ,EA* 9 !IR TURN ! ,:ITES1 ,PETLIURA'S B& ( MURD]]S1 ! ,MAKHNOVTSI1 & O!R :OSE POLITICAL COLOR WAS UNKN[N WANT$ TO KILL HIM4 ,HIS MIS=TUNE WAS TO HAVE ! LOOK ( HIS RACE4 

0,YID8 ,DON'T SAY NO OR WAT* \T6 

,! FIR/ P]SON HE SAW ON ! TUMULTU\S NI<T ( POGROM1 9T]ROGAT$ HIM 9 ?IS WAY ON ! /REET1 9 A WAGON1 9 HIS H\SE4 ,! RIFLE BUTTS >E RAIS$ OV] HIS HEAD4 

0,YES1 A ,JEW40 

0,AGA9/ ! WALL6 ,MOVE IT60 

,HE MOVES PEACEFULLY 7HE HAD SE5 SO MANY MURD]$ S9CE !Y'D KILL$ HIS BRO!R74 ,HE (F]S CIG>ETTES TO HIS EXECUTION]1 :O 9 A FRI5DLY WAY ABRUPTLY TELLS HIM3 0,GET LO/60 

,ANO!R TIME ! ,MAKHNOVTSI CAPTUR$ HIM4 ,HE DECL>$ ?AT HE KNEW A FRI5D ( ! BATKO4 ,& ! BATKO HIMSELF P>DON$ HIM4 

,YET ANO!R TIME AN ILLIT]ATE TOOK HIS /UD5T BOOKLET = ! MEMB]%IP BOOKLET ( ! ,COMMUNI/ P>TY & WANT$ TO BA% 9 HIS HEAD4 

,& F9ALLY1 ANO!R TIME1 ! MURD]]S HAV+ BR\<T HIM TO A H$G][ TO KILL HIM1 DECID$ TO %OOT AT HIM 9 FLI<T BY ?R[+ HIM OV] ! H$GES4 ,!SE KILL]S1 A LITTLE DRUNK1 W]E CLUMSY 444 

,?IS /UD5T F9DS !SE ?+S SIMPLE1 NORMAL4 ,HAV+ COME H]E TO GET SOME BOOKS HE WILL RETURN FROM :5CE HE CAME ) ! HOPE ( LIV+ DESPITE IT ALL4 ,HE'S NOT A COMMUNI/ BUT SYMPA?IZES ) ! ,R$S3 :]EV] !Y E/ABLI% !MSELVES1 ! POGROMS CEASE4 

,DUR+ ! EV5+ ,I MET A 0REVOLUTION>Y0 5EMY ( ! COMMUNI/S4 ,WE DIDN'T FAIL TO EX*ANGE MORE OR LESS H>% WORDS 9 PASS+4 

,GE/UR+ T[>D ! /REET :]E ! PETITE B\RGEOISIE SEEM1 ) ! FRE$OM ( SMALL SCALE COMM]CE1 TO HAVE ODI\SLY REGA9$ A FOO?OLD1 HE MOCK+LY--& QUITE OBVI\SLY ) SATISFACTION--ASK$ ME3 

0,N[ DO Y\ D5Y ! DEFEAT80 

,!Y %\LDN'T HAVE DONE ?IS 444 ,!Y %\LDN'T HAVE DONE ?AT 444 ,IT'S ! P>TY'S FAULT 444 ,!Y %\LD HAVE LI/5$ TO ! F>-SI<T$ ,M5%EVIKS 444 ,MAYBE !Y %\LDN'T HAVE MADE A REVOLUTION AT ALL 444 ,!Y %\LD HAVE LEFT P[] TO ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES 444 ,!Y %\LD HAVE TURN$ ! UNIONS 9TO A ,REPUBLIC ( ,LABOR 444 ,!Y %\LD HAVE DISSOLV$ ! /ATE1 DEC5TRALIZ$1 E/ABLI%$ AN>*Y 444 

,! DISSID5T & MALCONT5T 0REVOLUTION>IES0 WE MEET CONCLUDE !IR 9V>IABLE 9DICTM5T 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! LABEL !Y WE> ON !IR CAPS 444 ,DUR+ ! W>1 9 ! B>S1 IT WAS 9 ?IS WAY ?AT GOOD M5 C>RI$ \T MILIT>Y CRITICISM & /RATEGY4 

,BUT ,I LI/5 TO ! 0COMRADE40 ,& ,I REALIZE ?AT HE FEELS A BITT] SATISFACTION 9 NOT+ :AT IMM5SE DANG] SURR\NDS 0! REVOLUTION ( ! O!RS02 9 SAY+ 0,= MY P>T1 ,I WA% MY H&S ( IT2 ,I W\LD HAVE DONE BETT] ?AN ,L5902 9 ?9K+ ?AT IF EV]Y?+ COLLAPSES 9 A BLOODBA? BY HORRIBLE REACTION1 HE CAN PROCLAIM ) JOY1 %\T+ ) IMPUNITY1 0,IT'S ! ,BOL%EVIKS' FAULT60 

,BUT HE'S NEV] REQUISITION$ BREAD 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,HE NEV] C>RI$ \T A H\SE SE>*4 ,HE DIDN'T FI<T AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT4 ,HE NEV] >RE/$ ANYONE4 ,HE ISN'T A COMMISS>4 ,HE NEV] C>RIES \T ANY ( ! DIRTY WORK ( ! CLASS W>4 ,HE IS CLEAN1 HE IS PURE1 HE IS AN IDEALI/4 

,HE WILL TRIUMPH IF ! REVOLUTION P]I%ES4 

,I KN[ ?AT ?IS REVOLUTION HAS E>N$ MANY CRITICISMS1 BUT ,I DON'T KN[ :O HAS E>N$ ! RI<T TO MAKE !M4 ,IT IS SO EASY TO CRITICIZE ! TRANSGRESSIONS ( ?OSE :O HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO MA/] ?IS =MIDABLE SOCIAL TEMPE/ 9 :I* A WORLD P]I%ES1 :]E1 :ATEV] IS SAID & DONE1 ANO!R WORLD IS BORN4 ,BUT IS ?IS ! TIME = CRITICISM8 

,IS ?IS ! TIME :5 \R ,NEW ,ECONOMIC ,POLICY--:I* NO ONE CAN D\BT IS NECESS>Y--IS TURN+ \T TO BE A TRUCE ) ! MO/ T5ACI\S & DET]M9$ 5EMY ( ! REVOLUTION ( ! POOR1 ) ! PETITE B\RGEOISIE ?AT ROTT$ \R 9/ITUTIONS1 PILLAG$ 7SOMETIMES LEGALLY7 \R /OREH\SES1 SURVIV$ EV]Y ,R$ T]ROR ?R\< OBSEQUI\SNESS & ADORES NO?+ BUT PR(IT8 ,:5 9 ! ,VOLGA REGION ?IRTY MILLION PEASANTS--?REE-QU>T]S ( ! TOTAL POPULATION ( ,FRANCE--DIE ( HUNG]8 ,:5 MILLIONS ( *ILDR5 & ! WEAK >E GO+ TO P]I% ?IS W9T]1 :ATEV] WE MI<T DO TO ASSI/ !M8 

,& DOESN'T IT REQUIRE A /RANGE M5TAL AB]RATION TO NOT UND]/& ?AT !RE >E MANY & PR(\ND CAUSES = ! IMM5SE SUFF]+ ( ! ,RUSSIANS1 = :I* ! ACTIONS ( LEAD]S & P>TIES C\NT = LITTLE8 ,LET US RECALL3 F\R YE>S ( IMP]IALI/ W> & !N F\R YE>S ( CIVIL W>2 =EIGN 9T]V5TION ON SEV5 FRONTS2 5DLESS CONSPIRACIES2 ! BLOCKADE2 SABOTAGE BY TE*NICIANS2 ! IGNORANCE & N>R[-M9D$NESS ( ! PEASANTRY2 ! DEA? ( ! BE/4 ,ALL ?IS 9 A C\NTRY 9 :I* =M]LY !RE W]E ! FEWE/ RAILROADS & ! GREATE/ NUMB] ( ILLIT]ATES 9 ! WORLD4 

,F\R TIMES ! W> PASS$ & RE-PASS$ OV] ! REGIONS TODAY SUFF]+ FROM FAM9E FOLL[+ :AT WAS BE=E ! DR\<T A /ILL PRIMITIVE AGRICULTURE4 ,IT IS !RE ?AT ! ,5T5TE /IRR$ UP ! ,CZE*OSLOVAKS 9 #a#i#a#h4 ,!RE ?AT ! ,CON/ITU5T WANT$ TO GOV]N4 ,!RE ?AT ,KOL*AK RETURN$4 ,!RE ?AT ! ,:ITES DECIMAT$ 9 ! CRUELE/ FA%ION1 ?R\< T]ROR1 AN 5TIRE POPULATION4 ,N[ ! L& IS DEAD4 ,:O KILL$ IT8 

,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT EV]Y ?+1 EV]Y VOICE1 EV]Y /EP TAK5 ON ! /REET ( A ,RUSSIAN CITY ATTE/S TODAY MORE ?AN EV] TO ! FACT ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS1 ABOVE ALL1 BE5 ! MAGNIFIC5T SACRIFICE ( A Y\NG ELITE PEOPLE ?AT IS ! FUTURE ( ! WORLD4 

7,BULLET9 ,COMMUNI/E #d#b-#d#c .<SECOND YE>.>1 ,OCTOB] #f & #a#c1 #a#i#b#a7 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aig 3 ,*APT] #ci -- ,PUBLICATION4 

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