,*APT] #* 
,! ,AN>*I/S 9 ,RUSSIA 

#aihaih 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,VICTOR ,S]GE 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,AN>*I/S 9 ,RUSSIA 

,VICTOR-,S]GE 7,KIBAL*I*71 ONE ( ! BE/ KN[N AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALI/ MILITANTS1 :O RALLI$ TO COMMUNISM DUR+ ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION1 ADDRESS$ A LETT] TO HIS AN>*I/ COMRADES 9 ,FRANCE :I* !Y REFUS$ TO PUBLI%4 ,WE REPRODUCE IT H]E ACCORD+ TO \R CONFR]E ! ,SOVIET1 :I* PUBLI%$ ! COMPLETE TEXT4 

,TO ! COMRADES ( ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE1 ! ,F$]ATION ,AN>*I/E1 & AN>*I/ MILITANTS ( V>I\S T5D5CIES 

,A,U,G,U,/ #c1 #aib 

,DE> ,COMRADES1 

,DUR+ MY EI<TE5 MON?S 9 ,MOSC[ & ,PETROGRAD ,I GREATLY DEPLOR$ ! ABSOLUTE IMPOSSIBILITY ( MY CORRESPOND+ ) Y\4 ,SEV]AL TIMES ,I TRI$ TO S5D Y\ BRIEF LETT]S BY :ATEV] MEANS ,I C\LD1 BUT ,I HAVE REASON TO BELIEVE !Y NEV] REA*$ Y\4 

,I F9ALLY HAVE ! OPPORTUNITY TO WRITE Y\ TODAY1 & ,I HAVE SO MANY ?+S TO TELL Y\1 IMPORTANT ?+S RELAT$ TO \R IDEAS & ACTION1 ?AT ,I FEEL A GREAT EMB>RASSM5T4 

,?IS LETT] WILL ?US BE A BIT DISJO9T$ & 9COMPLETE1 BUT ,I HOPE IT WILL SOON BE POSSIBLE = US TO CORRESPOND MORE OR LESS REGUL>LY4 ,& ,I PLACE MYSELF AT Y\R COMPLETE DISPOSAL TO PROVIDE Y\ ) 9=MATION1 TO ANSW] ALL Y\R QUE/IONS1 TO PROVIDE Y\ ) ALL ! DOCUM5TS Y\ W\LD LIKE TO HAVE CONC]N+ ! SITUATION 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,9 ,FRANCE ,I WAS PRIM>ILY ACTIVE 9 AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALI/ GR\PS1 BUT ?IS IS ADDRESS$ TO ALL ! AN>*I/ & COMMUNI/ COMRADES 9 ,FRANCE4 ,EA* T5D5CY HAS ITS ROLE2 9 ! MOVEM5T1 EA* REPRES5TS A FACET ( \R TRU?1 :I* IS LIB]T>IAN LIFE OR ! ASPIRATION = IT4 ,& ,I BELIEVE ?AT AMONG \RSELVES1 EV5 :5 AT TIMES WE F9D \RSELVES ADV]S>IES1 WE CAN REMA9 COMRADES & FRAT]NALLY ASSI/ EA* O!R 9 ! SE>* = TRU?4 

,EXPELL$ FROM ,FRANCE1 RELEAS$ FROM A CONC5TRATION CAMP1 ,I >RIV$ 9 ,RUSSIA--ESCORT$ BY ,S5EGALAIS AS F> AS ,F9L& & FROM !RE BY :ITE EXECUTION]S--9 ! W9T] ( #a#i#a#i4 ,I'VE ALREADY LIV$ !RE = TWO W9T]S1 :I* W]E HORRIBLE4 ,! BLOCKADE1 =EIGN & CIVIL W> FALL+ FI]CELY ON ?IS POOR1 EXHAU/$ C\NTRY1 :]E ONLY A T9Y M9ORITY ( REVOLUTION>IES /OOD FIRM DESPITE IT ALL1 ?IS IS ! AT TIMES ATROCI\S REALITY ?AT ,I SAW4 ,I SAW ! POPULATION ( ,PETROGRAD HOLD \T ) RATIONS ( #a GRAMS ( BLACK BREAD P] DAY1 PLUS A FEW DRI$ FI% P] MON? 9 ! HE>T ( W9T] AT A TIME :5 HOMES HAD NO HEAT1 NO LI<T1 NO WAT]1 NATURALLY1 & NO TOILETS4 ,F9L& ?REAT5$ US1 ,E/ONIA ATTACK$ US1 9TELLECTUALS SABOTAG$ OR CONSPIR$1 ! PETITE B\RGEOISIE EV]Y DAY HOP$ ?AT TOMORR[ W\LD BR+ ! COLLAPSE & MASSACRE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 (FIC]S & 5G9E]S ( ! ,R$ ,>MY BETRAY$ US1 & :]EV] ! FI<T+ WAS GO+ ON ! ,:ITES TOOK NO PRISON]S4 ,!RE WAS ! SY/EMATIC SLAU<T] ( ,JEWS1 COMMUNI/S1 & (T5 ( WORK]S4 ,ALL ( ! CONSCI\S WORK+ CLASS & REVOLUTION>Y =CES BE+ AT ! FRONT1 9DU/RY1 :I* WAS 9 ANY CASE LACK+ 9 PRIM>Y MAT]IALS & COMBU/IBLES1 LAY IDLE4 ,I DON'T KN[ H[ !SE ?+S %\LD BE WRITT5 AB\T1 = ! REALITY ( IT WAS FRI<TFUL4 ,ANY REVOLUTION>Y :O LIV$ ?R\< ?IS SURVIV$ A TE/4 ,= HIM1 IDEAS WILL H5CE=? HAVE A MORE PR(\ND MEAN+ ?AN !Y PREVI\SLY DID4 

,IT WAS DUR+ ! FIR/ W9T] ?AT1 SEE+ ?AT 9 ALL ( ! IMM5SE ,RUSSIA !RE WAS ONLY ONE =CE--ONE H]OIC & UN%AKABLE--ALIVE & CAPABLE ( DEF5D+ ! REVOLUTION AT A TIME :5 NO ONE SAW CLE>LY & EV5 MANY OLD MILITANTS DESPAIR$1 ,I ?\<T IT WAS MY DUTY TO RALLY TO IT1 & ,I JO9$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY AS AN AN>*I/1 )\T 9 ANY WAY ABDICAT+ MY IDEAS1 EXCEPT = :AT WAS UTOPIAN AB\T IT 9 CONTACT ) REALITY4 

,I SOON REALIZ$ ?AT ?IS ATTITUDE IMPOS$ REAL SACRIFICES ON ME FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( MY FRE$OM ( 9DIVIDUAL ACTION1 & IMPORTANT CONCESSIONS ON PR9CIPLES4 ,) COMPLETE CL>ITY ( M9D ,I /ILL TO CONS5T TO ?IS4 ,SACRIFICES & CONCESSIONS >E IMPOS$ ON ! AN>*I/ MILITANT 7IF HE JO9S ! ,C,P OR NOT7 NOT BE=E A DOCTR9E OR AN ORGANIZATION1 BUT 9 ! FACE ( ! REVOLUTION ITSELF1 :OSE 9T]E/S >E ! SUPREME LAW4 ,= ! REVOLUTION IT'S A QUE/ION /RICTLY ( LIV+ & W9N+4 ,\R P]SONALITIES & 9DIVIDUAL IDEAS DON'T WEI< MU* 9 ! BALANCE1 & ! REVOLUTION>Y MU/ HAVE ! /OICISM REQUIR$ TO ACKN[L$GE ?IS4 ,?OSE COMRADES :O'VE GONE TO ,RUSSIA & SAW :AT IS HAPP5+ !RE WILL SURELY UND]/& OR APPROVE ME4 

,I SUMM>IZ$1 9 A /UDY ,I'M S5D+ Y\ ) ?IS SAME PO/ & :I* ,I REQUE/ Y\ PUBLI%1 MY UND]/&+ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CE FROM AN AN>*I/ PO9T ( VIEW4 ,!SE PAGES >E TOO BRIEF & 9COMPLETE1 BUT SU* AS !Y >E ,I HOPE !Y WILL S]VE AS ! BASIS = USEFUL DISCUSSION4 ,! IDEAS ,I LAY \T !RE >E OBVI\SLY P]SONAL1 BUT AS A :OLE >E 9 AGREEM5T ) ?OSE ( A GREAT NUMB] ( AN>*I/S4 ,TO BE PRECISE ,I WILL NAME AMONG ! COMRADES :O HAVE JO9$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,C,P3 ,ALFA 7( ,BOREVE/NIK1 ETC471 ,KRASNO/*EKOV 7CURR5TLY PRESID5T ( ! ,F> ,EA/]N ,REPUBLIC71 ,NOVOMIRSKY1 ,BIAN*I 7=M] SECRET>Y ( ! ,UNION ( ,RUSSIAN ,WORK]S ( ,AM]ICA71 & AMONG ?OSE ACTIVE \TSIDE ! ,C,P ! GR\P FROM ,GOLOS ,TRUDA1 ! ,AN>*I/-,UNIV]SALI/ GR\P ( ,MOSC[1 & COMRADES ,%APIRO1 ,RO*T*91 ,WILLIAM ,%ATOV1 ,ALEX&] ,<E1 & ,VIETROV1 TO NAME ONLY ! WELL-KN[N MILITANTS4 

,AS ,I BRIEFLY EXPLA9 9 ! >TICLES 9 QUE/ION1 MO/ ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S NEV]!LESS OCCUPY A POSITION ?AT IS MORE OR LESS HO/ILE TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :I* !Y HAVE SOMETIMES BE5 9 CONFLICT )4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( !M >E ,SOVIETI/ & CONSID] ?AT ANY ACTION ?AT W\LD RESULT 9 DISUNIT+ ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES W\LD BE H>MFUL AT ! PRES5T TIME4 ,!Y BELIEVE ?AT EV5 CRITICISM WILL ONLY BE FRUITFUL :5 ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,RUSSIA ( ! ,SOVIETS WILL NO LONG] BE 9 IMM$IATE DANG]4 ,?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 9 FACT1 IS ?AT ( ,KROPOTK91 :O LIVES NOT F> FROM ,MOSC[ 9 ! SMALL T[N ( ,DMIT]IEVO1 :]E HE DEVOTES HIMSELF TO MAJOR PROJECTS 7A BOOK ON AN>*I/ E?ICS71 & ?AT ( COMRADES ,K>EL9 & ! BRO!RS ,GORD91 ETC4 

,9 ,UKRA9E ! CONFLICT BETWE5 AN>*I/S & ,BOL%EVIKS HAS TAK5 ON A *>ACT] ?AT IS (T5 TRAGIC & HAS 5D$ 9 AN >M$ FI<T4 ,COMRADE ,VOL9E 7,EI*5BAUM71 :O LIV$ = A LONG TIME 9 ,P>IS1 & :O IS AT PRES5T IMPRISON$ 9 ,MOSC[1 WAS ! 9ITIATOR ( A P[]FUL & ACTIVE LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T BUT :I* 9 ! *AOS ( ! CIVIL W> 9 ,UKRA9E COLLID$ ) ! VA/ AU?ORIT>IAN-COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATION & WAS SMA%$4 ,I DON'T KN[ V]Y MU* AB\T ! FACTS 9 ?IS CASE4 ,I DO KN[ ?AT ON BO? SIDES !RE W]E OCCASIONALLY BLOODY EXCESSES & ?AT BO? SIDES DEMON/RAT$ 9TOL]ANCE & F]OCITY4 ,! REBELLI\S PEASANTS1 L$ BY AN AN>*I/ 7,MAKHNO71 OCCUPI$ 5TIRE PROV9CES ( ,UKRA9E4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ! AN>*I/S 9 !SE REGIONS DIDN'T KN[ H[ TO AVOID RESORT+ TO AU?ORITY1 VIOL5CE1 T]ROR1 & ! ABUSES ?AT NECESS>ILY FL[ FROM ALL ?IS4 ,9 ! BATTLE ?AT WAS 5GAG$ BETWE5 !SE GR\PS & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY PEOPLE W]E EXECUT$ ON BO? SIDES4 ,?IS DI/RESS+ FI<T HAS HAD REP]CUSSIONS 9 ,MOSC[ ITSELF4 

,I ?9K IT %\LD NONE ( ?IS %\LD CAUSE US TO LOSE SI<T ( ! HI<] 9T]E/S ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,AS F> AS ,I HAVE BE5 9=M$1 ! ,UKRA9IAN AN>*I/S HAVE !MSELVES AVOID$ NONE ( ! ]RORS = :I* !Y REPROA* ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,I HAVE NO D\BT ?AT HAD !IR MOVEM5T BE5 ABLE TO DEVELOP )\T H9DRANCE IT W\LD HAVE PRODUC$ NOBLE FRUITS & ?AT ?IS W\LD HAVE BE5 9F9ITELY =TUNATE & USEFUL4 ,BUT :5 IT COMES TO MAK+ W> ,I CAN'T HELP BUT CONSID] ,TROTSKY A BETT] ORGANIZ] ?AN ,MAKHNO1 & ! ,R$ ,>MY AS A WEAPON TO :I* ! B&S ( ,UKRA9IAN P>TIZANS--:O >E (T5 H]OIC--CAN 9 NO WAY BE COMP>$4 ,! ,UKRA9IAN P>TIZANS SPECULAT$ ON ! SPIRIT ( SMALL L&-[N]%IP ( ! PEASANTS1 ON !IR NATIONALISM1 EV5 ON ANTI-,SEMITISM1 ALL ( :I* HAD DREADFUL CONSEQU5CES4 

,9 G5]AL1 IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ! LACK ( A PRACTICAL PROGRAM = ACTION--!IR UTOPIANISM--& !IR LACK ( ORGANIZATION HAVE KILL$ ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,RUSSIA :I* HAS EXP5D$ A PRODIGI\S AM\NT ( 5]GY 9 S]VICE TO ! REVOLUTION4 ,AMONG ! COMRADES FALL5 AT ! FRONT LA/ YE> ,I WILL M5TION ,ANATOLE ,YELAZNIAKOV & ,JU/9 ,ZH\K4 

,AT ! PRES5T TIME ,I SEE NO POSSIBILITY = A VA/ AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! H>% NE$S ( ! REVOLUTION LEAVE US NO *OICE AS TO MEANS4 ,EV]Y?+ !Y IMPOS$ WAS DONE BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :O ONE MU/ BE ) UND] P5ALTY ( BE+ AGA9/ IT & ) REACTION4 ,AS SOON AS PEACE IS MADE1 AS SOON AS WE CAN S]I\SLY SET TO WORK ON ! TASK ( SOCIAL REORGANIZATION1 ,I AM SURE ?AT ! AN>*I/ SPIRIT WILL BE P[]FUL 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,& ,I EV5 ?9K ?AT AMONG ! MO/ CONSCI\S & TE/$ COMMUNI/S IT WILL F9D ITS MO/ LIV+ EXPRESSION4 

,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN & ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 EXPELL$ FROM ,AM]ICA1 HAVE BE5 9 ,RUSSIA S9CE LA/ ,DECEMB]4 ,AT PRES5T !Y >E C>RY+ \T A LONG TRIP 9 ,UKRA9E = ! ,PETROGRAD ,MUSEUM ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! SIXTE5 YE>S HE SP5T 9 PRISON HAV5'T CAUS$ ,B]KMAN TO LOSE HIS MORAL VIGOR4 

,ALL[ ME N[1 COMRADES1 TO SPEAK AB\T ! ,FR5* MOVEM5T & ! SITUATION 9 ,FRANCE4 ,A FEW MON?S AGO ,I HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO1 BY *ANCE1 RECEIVE FIVE OR SIX ISSUES ( ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE4 ,!Y W]E 9T]E/+1 TO BE SURE1 BUT !Y C\LD EASILY HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#a#b1 ?AT IS1 BE=E ! W> & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,I HAVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT ! AN>*I/S 9 ,FRANCE HAVE NOT YET C>RI$ \T ! NECESS>Y REVISION ( !IR IDEAS 9 ! FACE ( !SE HI/ORIC EXP]I5CES & LIMIT !MSELVES TO PRES]V+ AN>*I/ TRADITIONS4 ,UND] !SE CONDITIONS IT SEEMS ?AT SOME SOON] OR LAT] RISK1 9 BECOM+ COMMUNI/S1 CEAS+ TO BE AN>*I/S 7& ,I SEE A GREAT DANG] 9 ?IS72 :ILE O!RS1 LACK+ A CLE> UND]/&+ ( ! REVOLUTION1 REMA9 )\T 9FLU5CE & AT TIMES WILL BE SADD5$ TO SEE ?AT ?R\< =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCE !Y >E NEI<BORS ( ,B\RTZEV & ,H]VE4 

,9 ORD] TO CORRECTLY POSE ! GREAT QUE/IONS VITAL = ! 5TIRE REVOLUTION>Y WORLD IT IS IMPORTANT BE=E ALL ELSE ?AT Y\ BE 9=M$ ( ! ,RUSSIAN EXP]I5CE1 ?AT Y\ 5T] 9TO CONTACT ) ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION ACCOMPLI%$ H]E4 ,?IS CAN ONLY BE CORRECTLY DONE 9 ONE WAY3 S5D US GOOD MILITANTS :O'LL WORK H]E = A TIME4 ,& TRY TO REMA9 9 CONTACT4 

,!RE IS SOME?+ /UPEFY+ 9 ! 9DIFF]5CE ( ! ,FR5* MASSES AT A MOM5T :5 EV5TS ( AN UNIMAG9ABLE IMPORT >E TAK+ PLACE4 ,! 5?USIASM NEV]!LESS 9SPIR$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AMONG ! WORK+-CLASS ELITE C\LD V]Y WELL1 IF Y\ DON'T 9T]V5E1 BE *ANNEL$1 US$1 L$ A/RAY BY 0SOCIALI/0 OR ,C,G,T POLITICIANS4 ,! HABITS ( 9ACTION ?AT !Y WILL ELOQU5TLY SU/A9 MAY HOLD BACK = A FEW MORE YE>S ! ISSUE ( ! FI<T 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT IS C]TA9LY NOT POSSIBLE = Y\ TO IMAG9E :AT T]RIBLE REP]CUSSIONS Y\R FAILURES MI<T HAVE ON ! REVOLUTION4 ,REMEMB] ?AT IT WAS ! FAILURE ( ! G5]AL /RIKE ( ,JULY #ba 9 ,FRANCE ?AT ALL[$ ! /RANGL+ ( ! ,HUNG>IAN ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC & ! COM+ ( ,:ITE ,T]ROR4 ,! ,POLI% AGGRESSION1 :I* ALSO DELAYS PEACE = ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION W\LD P]HAPS NOT HAVE HAPP5$ IF ! ,FR5* WORK]S HAD TRULY DEMON/RAT$ REVOLUTION>Y WILL & VETO$ ! 9TRIGUES ( ! ,QUAI D',ORSAY4 ,KN[1 COMRADES1 ?AT AS LONG AS Y\ REMA9 9ACTIVE BLOOD WILL FL[ H]E DAILY1 & WE WON'T BE ABLE TO BEG9 ! TASK ( ORGANIZATION & LIB]ATION DESIR$ BY ALL S9C]E COMMUNI/S1 BE !Y ,M>XI/ OR AN>*I/4 

,EV]Y?+ ?AT C\LD HUMANLY BE DONE = ! TRIUMPH ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION HAS BE5 DONE 9 ,RUSSIA1 DESPITE ! ]RORS & SOMETIMES DESPITE ! CRIMES 9EVITABLE 9 ! C\RSE ( SU* SOCIAL TURBUL5CE4 ,HUNG]1 COLD1 DAILY WORRIES1 HORRIFIC MAT]IAL1 & MORAL MIS=TUNES1 ! DEA?S ( ! WEAKE/1 ! T]ROR1 DAILY SACRIFICES1 REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA HAS CONS5T$ TO ALL ( !M4 ,?IS FACT ALONE IMPOSES GREAT OBLIGATIONS ON ?OSE =EIGN MILITANTS :O UND]/& ?IS4 

,FRAT]NALLY1 

,VICTOR ,S]GE 

,AUGU/ #c1 #aib 

7,BULLET9 ,COMMUNI/E1 #d .<SECOND YE>.> ,JANU>Y #b#g1 #a#i#b#a7 

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