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,A ,CRITICAL ,ESSAY ON ,NIETZS*E 

#aihaih 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,VICTOR ,S]GE 

,TEXT 3 

,A ,CRITICAL ,ESSAY ON ,NIETZS*E 

  
#a4 ,A ,PHILOSOPH] ( ,VIOL5CE & ,AU?ORITY 

  

,DEAD >E ALL ! GODS3 N[ DO WE DESIRE ! ,SUP]MAN TO LIVE4 ,! ,/ATE IS ! DEA? ( PEOPLE4 ,COMPANIONS1 ! CREATOR SEEKE? NOT CORPSES--& NOT H]DS OR BELIEV]S EI!R4 ,HUMANITY'S GOAL CAN ONLY BE REA*$ ) ! MO/ ELEVAT$ TYPES4 --,?US ,SPOKE ,Z>A?U/RA 

,IT IS ?R\< !SE WORDS ?AT ?IS CREATOR BECAME DE> TO US4 ,WE S+L$ HIM \T FROM AMONG ! H]OES ( LIFE1 LEG5D1 & DREAMS1 = 9 CONCEIV+ HUMAN EXI/5CE AS AN 5DLESS ASC5T TO A FUTURE ( FRE$OM & GR&EUR HE %[$ US ! WAY4 ,SOME *OSE HIM AS TEA*]1 SAY+ ?AT ! POET :O CREAT$ ,Z>A?U/RA C\LD NOT HAVE S]V$ ANY O!R IDEAL ?AN AN>*ISM4 ,AN OEUVRE BAS$ ON A LOVE ( LIFE VIEW$ AS BE+ BEYOND BELIEFS1 & REVEAL$ ?R\< ! ?\<T ( A BOLD FREE 9VE/IGATOR 9 :OM VIBRATES SU* FREE & LIB]AT+ ?\<TS1 C\LD NOT S]VE ANO!R CAUSE4 

,BUT IS ?IS SO8 ,NIETZS*E (T5 SPOKE DIFF]5TLY ?AN ,Z>A?U/RA1 9 :OM WE ?\<T WE HAD F\ND A GUIDE4 ,HIS OEUVRE HAS MANY FACETS4 ,VIEW$ AS A :OLE1 IT IS1 BECAUSE ( ONE ( ITS DOM9ANT IDEAS1 ESS5TIALLY ! ANTI!SIS ( ! AN>*I/ IDEAL2 IT IS ALSO ! ONLY OEUVRE ?AT D>$ TO RISE UP BE=E US1 /RONG & CLE>1 CON/RUCT+ ANO!R IDEAL1 ANO!R DESIRE1 & CONTA9+ A SUBTLE1 /RONG1 P]SUASIVE & AT TIMES BRILLIANT >GUM5TATION4 

,NIETZS*E WAS A PHILOSOPH] ( AU?ORITY & VIOL5CE :O UND]TOOK TO AFFIRM !M )\T ANY RE/RA9T1 PROMIS+ !M AN UNLIMIT$ FUTURE4 

,9 TRU? HE WAS &1 S9CE HIS ?\<T LIVES1 IS \R SOLE & UNIQUE 5EMY4 ,= \R OLD WORLD IS US$ TO OPPOS+ TO US PR(ESSORS1 JUDGES1 SOLDI]S1 OR ORATORS RA!R ?AN M51 IDEAS1 OR REASONS4 

,FEW OEUVRES >E AS MULTIFACET$ AS HIS4 ,IT IS P>ADOXICAL1 PR(\ND1 AS HEAVY AS IT IS LI<T1 SPR9KL$ ) LAU<T]1 9VOCATIONS1 9VECTIVES1 GREAT %\TS & CONFID5TIAL :ISP]+S4 ,IT DISCONC]TS US BY ITS EXCESS ( LIFE4 ,IT MI<T ?US SEEM RECKLESS TO WANT TO %[ SOME ( !SE ESS5TIAL TRAITS4 ,IS IT NOT ! PRODUCT ( AN 5TIRE EXI/5CE & A TIRELESS 9TELLECTUAL LABOR8 

,NEV]!LESS1 ,I WILL SPEAK ( IT )\T TIMIDITY1 FOLL[+ ! EXAMPLE ( ?IS MO/ 5]GETIC ( FREE 9VE/IGATORS4 ,BUT ,I WILL RESI/ FACILITIES ( LANGUAGE1 = SU* %ALL BE MY TRU?1 S\<T ) ! SOLE DESIRE TO UND]/& & TO CEASELESSLY PROGRESS T[>D GREAT] CLE>-SI<T$NESS4 ,IF ,I DON'T KN[ H[ TO GUIDE MYSELF1 :O WILL GUIDE ME8 ,I ?US HAVE ! C\RAGE TO CRITICIZE 9 KEEP+ ) MY CONVICTIONS & TO PROPOSE MY RESULTS TO MY FELL[-TRAVEL]S1 )\T VA9 PRIDE1 SIMPLY ) GOOD WILL4 

,I C]TA9LY DO NOT PRET5D TO PRES5T 9 !SE NOTES A COMPLETE CRITICAL /UDY ( HIS PHILOSOPHY4 ,I WILL LEAVE TO ! SIDE SEV]AL IMPORTANT PO9TS ( ! MULTIFACET$ IDEOLOGY HE LEFT TO US4 ,I WILL LIMIT MYSELF TO PRES5T+ ! FREQU5TLY =GOTT5 APO/LE ( AN AU?ORIT>IAN & VIGOR\S IDEAL ( LIFE1 ONE NOT )\T A C]TA9 BEAUTY1 BUT PR(\NDLY B>B>\S & AN 5EMY ( ! PROGRESS = :I* WE >E FI<T+4 

,NIETZS*E'S OEUVRE HAS MISL$ US BECAUSE ITS DUALISM4 ,BECAUSE ( HIS TEMP]AM5T IT CONTA9S TWO ANTAGONI/IC YET COMPLEM5T>Y ASPECTS4 ,WE USUALLY ONLY SEE ONE1 ! MO/ OBVI\S ONE1 ! ONLY ONE ?AT SUITS US 9 ! ABSOLUTE4 ,NIETZS*E IS A DEMOLI%] & A BUILD]4 ,WE LOVE 9 HIM ! DE/ROY]1 ! MAN :O D5IES MORAL DOGMATISM1 ! DISBELIEV]1 ! DISRESPECTFUL MAN1 ! GREAT NIHILI/ >M$ ) A F]V5T WORD4 ,WE DON'T TAKE ACC\NT ( ! FACT ?AT HE DE/ROYS 9 ORD] TO MAKE ROOM = AN IDEAL PROBABLY QUITE DI/9CT FROM \RS4 ,IF HE SEEKS TO SMA% ! TABLETS ( CURR5T VALUES1 IT'S NOT 9 ORD] TO SUB/ITUTE = !M A NEW ORD] F\ND$ ON ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( EV]Y HUMAN P]SONALITY1 :]E ! ONLY LAW WILL BE CONSCI\SNESS'S 9N] LAW F9ALLY SUBLIMAT$ & MADE GLORI\S BY A FREE LIFE BUT RA!R TO REJUV5ATE ! OLD ORD]1 :I* HE BELIEVES 9 & WANTS TO BE ET]NAL4 ,= HE ADORES ! BRUTE =CE ?AT CRU%ES ! VANQUI%$1 ! DECISIVE GE/URE ( ! MI<TY1 ! H>% /RUGGLE ( MAN AGA9/ MAN1 ! RESULT ( :I* IS ! SLAV]Y ( SOME1 & :AT SOME D>E CALL ! CULTURE ( O!RS4 

,HIS PASSION = AU?ORIT>IAN AFFIRMATION1 = VICTORY & CONQUE/1 IS SO /RONG ?AT HE EV5 SEES IT AS ! DI/9CTIVE M>K ( LIFE AT ITS HI<E/4 ,! RE/ IS ONLY DECAD5CE1 TWILI<T1 DESC5T 9TO CORRUPTION1 ! P5*ANT = DEA? ( ! WEAK4 

,A PHILOSOPHY IS ALWAYS F\ND$ ON A P[]FUL S5TIM5T ?AT 9SPIRES & DOM9ATES IT3 IT CAN ONLY BE ! SUMMIT ( AN IDEOLOGICAL /RUCTURE4 ,9 ,NIETZS*E ?IS DOM9ANT S5TIM5T IS AN ABSOLUTE LOVE ( LIFE1 P]HAPS TO A C]TA9 EXT5T 9 REACTION TO ! PESSIMISM ( ,S*OP5HAU] & ,H>TMAN4 

,LET US ATTEMPT TO BROADLY \TL9E HIS IDEAS4 ,PA9FUL1 FALLACI\S1 WEAV$ ( ILLUSIONS & ]RORS1 LIFE IS4 ,IT IS BEAUTY1 SPL5DOR1 =CE1 9CESSANT CREATION1 MIRACLE1 & PLEASURE1 PLEASURE ABOVE ALL4 ,& EV5 9 SUFF]+1 = EV]Y LIFE SEEMS TO BE ET]NALLY =C$ TO SCREAM1 !RE IS AN ELEM5T ( 9EXPRESSIBLE PLEASURE4 ,!RE EXI/S A WAY ( SUFF]+ ?AT IS NOBLE4 ,:5 ONE HAS ACQUIR$ CONSCI\SNESS ( ?IS FACT1 ONE F]V5TLY CONS5TS TO EV]Y EF=T1 EV5 IF IT IS A TORTURE4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO LOVE LIFE 9 ITS 5DLESSLY 9CREAS$ & REF9$ P[] & TO EXP& IT ) EV]Y /EP1 UTILIZ+ ALL \R /R5G? 9 S]VICE TO IT4 ,H]E WE F9D \RSELVES BE=E ,NIETZS*E'S DOM9ANT IDEA3 0,! GREATE/ =CE MU/ BE PLAC$ AT ! S]VICE ( ! MO/ 9T5SE LIFE40 

,?IS IS :AT IS CALL$ HIS 0PHILOSOPHICAL RE=M40 ,UNTIL N[1 ,JULES DE ,GAULTI] WRITES1 PHILOSOPHY C\LD BE DEF9$ AS ! 09DIGNATION ( ! TRU?40 ,NIETZS*E NO LONG] ACCEPTS IT AS IT IS4 ,9 :AT WAY IS ! TRU? IMPORTANT8 ,DOES ! TRU? EXI/8 0,! FALSITY ( AN IDEA = US IS NOT AN OBJECTION TO ?IS IDEA4 ,WE SEEK TO KN[ 9 :AT WAY ?IS IDEA ACCEL]ATES & PRES]VES LIFE40 ,! NEW PHILOSOPH] IS ! F]V5T MAN :O CREATES NEW VALUES1 :O GIVES LIFE MEAN+1 AN ORIG9AL MEAN+4 ,HE IS ! ADV5TUR] :O KN[ H[ TO JOYFULLY ACCEPT ! H]OIC ADV5TURE ?AT IS LIFE4 ,?IS LOVE ( LIFE IMPR9T$ A POSITIVE PREJUDICE ON ?OSE :O W]E /RONG & LIV$ ABUNDANTLY4 ,& ,NIETZS*E ADMIRES !M ALL 9 ! SAME WAY4 ,! ,GREEKS1 BO? A?LETES & >TI/S2 ! ,VIK+S2 ! HUMANI/S & CONDOTTI]I ( ! ,R5AISSANCE2 ! ,HUGU5OTS ( ! SIXTE5? C5TURY3 !SE >E ! ONES HE SELECTS FROM ! PAGES ( HI/ORY :O M>K$ LIFE ) !IR WILL4 ,ABOVE !M ALL RISES1 SITUAT$ \TSIDE HIS C5TURY LIKE AN \TSIZ$ =CE1 ! GIGANTIC /ATUE ( ,NAPOLEON1 0! NOBLE IDEAL P> EXCELL5CE 444 SYN!SIS ( ! 9HUMAN & ! SUP]HUMAN40 

,AT ?IS PO9T IT IS DIFFICULT TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 :AT BR+S US CLOSE TO & :AT SEP>ATES US FROM ! GREAT PHILOSOPH]4 ,IF AN>*ISM CAN BE DEF9$ AS 0! COMBAT = ! MO/ 9T5SE LIFE0 WE >E 9 AGREEM5T ) HIM CONC]N+ ! LOVE ( LIFE1 ! S\RCE ( ALL REBELLIONS1 ! GOAL ( ALL LABORS4 ,& WE1 TOO1 ADMIRE =CE1 ?AT IS1 CREATIVE1 RE/ORATIVE1 TRANS=MATIVE1 P]PETUALLY BLOOM+ 5]GY4 ,WE HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO CREATE NEW VALUES3 9DIVIDUAL AUTONOMY1 ORIG9ALITY1 ! ABSOLUTE RI<T ( CONSCI5CE1 SPONTANE\S SOLID>ITY1 MORALITY )\T DOGMAS OR DELUSIONS4 ,9 A WORD1 TO REPLACE ! TYRANNICAL AB/RACTIONS ! PA/ IMPOSES ON US AS SO MANY OBLIGATIONS OR SOCIAL CONTRACTS ) A NEW REALTY3 HUMAN 9DIVIDUALITY SIMPLY ASS]T$4 ,& IT IS ?US ?AT1 BY BE+ BEYOND ! /R5G? ( ! PETTY M5 ( ! BASE PRES5T1 ?IS IDEAL C\LD ALSO BE CALL$ ! SUP]MAN1 S9CE MAN IS TOO (T5 AN ANIMAL 444 

,EXCEPT1 ,I DON'T READILY SUBSCRIBE TO HIS PRAISE ( ,NAPOLEON4 ,LIKE ALL ( US1 ,I KN[ ! GR&EUR & VALUE ( /R5G?4 ,BUT ,NIETZS*E DOESN'T SEEM TO UND]/& ! EVOLUTION IT HAS UND]GONE4 ,HE (T5 CONFUS$ 5]GY & VIOL5CE1 :I* IS ONLY ITS MO/ SAVAGE MANIFE/ATION4 ,!RE EXI/S ANO!R =CE ASIDE FROM ?AT ( ! CONQU]ORS ( L&S & WEAL?1 ANO!R =CE ?AN ?AT ( >MS1 O!R VALUES ?AN ?OSE ( ! VICTORY ( ONE MAN OV] HIS K9D4 ,=CE HAS GR[N4 ,9 ! PA/ IT MANIFE/$ ITSELF 9 ! CLUB & ! AX2 TOMORR[ IT WILL BE ?R\< ?\<T & WILL4 ,ITS VICTORY WILL DOM9ATE ! OLD HUMAN BEA/1 SO (T5 LIB]AT$ BY WORKS ( VIOL5CE4 ,?IS WILL BE ! VICTORY ( MAN OV] NATURE & HIS [N NATURE4 ,\R 0NOBLE IDEAL P> EXCELL5CE0 IS ! HUMBLE & PURIFI$ MAN :O OV]COMES ! ANCE/RAL 9/9CTS ( ! BE/IAL /RUGGLE BECAUSE HE DESIRES ANO!R /RUGGLE1 ONE ?AT DEM&S NO LESS C\RAGE OR /R5G?1 BUT :I* IS MORE WOR?Y ( HIM4 ,ONE NE$S MORE C\RAGE TO SMA% A SWORD ?AN TO USE IT2 TO BE FREE & LIB]T>IAN ?AN TO BE AN OPPRESSOR4 

0,I TEA* Y\ ! SUP]MAN10 HE WROTE1 0BECAUSE HUMANITY CAN ONLY PURSUE ONE GOAL2 ! CREATION ( A SUP]IOR MAN ( SUP]IOR CULTURE40 ,! MEANS AT \R DISPOSAL TO DO ?IS >E /RUGGLE & EF=T4 ,= ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ?IS MEANS BE+ H>% ) ONESELF & ) O!RS 9 ORD] TO SURPASS ONESELF4 ,TO BE SURE1 :OEV] DOESN'T KN[ H[ TO BE AS H>% AS NE$$ WILL NOT KN[ H[ TO BE GOOD4 ,= SOCIETY1 SLAV]Y IS NE$$4 

,! SUP]IOR MAN IS BORN 9TO A DIFF]5TIATION ?AT B5EFITS FROM ! EF=TS ( ALL1 CONDUCT$ = ! PR(IT ( SOME4 ,9 ORD] = ONE ,PASCAL TO ?9K IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT ! MAJORITY ( HUMAN CREATURES LIVE ! EXI/5CE ( BEA/S ( BURD51 WORK+ ! L&1 LIV+ )\T HOPE4 ,?IS IS ! NATURAL /ATE ( ! M$IOCRE1 :O >E ! MO/ NUM]\S4 ,LET !M S]VE6 ,!IR SUFF]+S MATT] LITTLE1 S9CE ?ANKS TO !IR H>% LABORS VIRILE & REF9$ >I/OCRACIES >E ABLE TO LIVE1 CULTIVAT+ !IR LOVELY CU/OMS1 ! >TS1 ! PLEASURES ( W> & 9TELLECTUAL RESE>*3 0DOM9ANT RACES & 9F]IOR RACES40 

,NIETZS*E ATTEMPTS TO DEMON/RATE ! POSITIVE & SCI5TIFIC ASPECT ( ?IS IDEA ( PROGRESS BAS$ ON ! S]VITUDE ( ! M$IOCRE MASSES4 ,9 ORD] TO ANSW] HIM WE %ALL REVIEW ! FACTS4 ,)\T ANY HESITATION WE CAN SAY ?AT WE F9D AS MU* TRUE M$IOCRITY AMONG ! E/ABLI%$ >I/OCRACIES AS WE F9D POT5TIAL AMONG ! MASSES4 ,PROGRESS GA9S NO?+ IF IT IS NECESS>Y TO SACRIFICE = ! DEVELOPM5T ( ONE SUP]IOR MAN ! EXI/5CE ( ANO!R OR ( O!RS1 :O C\LD ALSO ?9K & LABOR NOBLY4 ,9 SUMM>Y1 WE MA9TA9 ?IS3 IT IS SOCIETY ?AT WILL BR+ TOGE!R ! BE/ LIV+ CONDITIONS = ALL M51 :I* WILL (F] ! SUP]IOR MAN ! BE/ T]RA9 = CULTIVATION4 ,! 5VIRONM5T CREAT$ BY ! ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ! >I/OCRATS & ! S]VILE MASSES IS UNHEAL?Y4 ,! 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL DE=MATION ( ! DOM9ANT IS AS PR(\ND AS ?AT ( ! DOM9AT$4 ,! FREE MAN IS ! ONLY TRUE MAN1 OH1 PHILOSOPH]6 ,! SUP]MAN1 IF HE HAD TO LIVE ATTA*$ TO ! *A9S ( COMM&1 :I* >E AS HEAVY AS ?OSE ( OB$I5CE1 W\LD BE TRULY 0TOO HUMAN40 ,& !RE W\LD !N BEG9 ANEW ! LU/]LESS HI/ORY ( ! ,CAES>S1 :O C\NT = SO LITTLE COMP>$ TO AN ,EPICTETUS4 

,:Y DID ! CREATOR /OP AT ?IS >TI/IC CONCEPTION ( =CE8 ,ONE ASKS ?IS1 ONE IS SADD5$ BY ?IS :51 AFT] HAV+ FOLL[$ HIS VICTORI\S CRITIQUE & ADMIR$ ! PASSIONATE DRIVE ( A P[]FUL M9D 9 QUE/ ( ! IMPOSSIBLE1 HE >RIVES AT ?IS REPETITION ( MAN'S MO/ ANCI5T ]RORS1 I4E41 ! CULT ( VIOL5CE & AU?ORITY1 FROM :I* ! NEW1 SUP]IOR M5 9CREAS+LY DI/ANCE !MSELVES ) EA* PASS+ DAY4 

,! LATT] >E F\ND \TSIDE SOCIAL CLASSES & DESPITE !M4 ,!Y CON/ITUTE1 9 FACT1 AN >I/OCRACY CON/ITUT$ ( NOBL] M9DS & HE>TS4 ,SOME HAVE RAIS$ !MSELVES FROM ! L[] DEP?S1 & !SE >E NOT ! LEA/ GREAT AMONG !M4 ,BUT ALL >E UNANIM\S 9 RECOGNIZ+ NO SUPREMACY O!R ?AN ?AT :I* HAS AS ITS SOLE S\RCE ! 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL VALUE ( 9DIVIDUALS4 

#b4 ,! ,TWO ,MORALITIES 

  

,NIETZS*E ATTEMPT$ TO DEMON/RATE ?AT 9 HUMANITY E?ICS FOLL[$ A DUAL EVOLUTION4 ,MORALITY HAS TWO OPPOS$ ORIG9S & IS BORN AMONG ! DOM9ANT & ! SLAVES4 ,!RE >E TWO MORALITIES1 ONE NOBLE & ! O!R S]VILE1 = !RE >E TWO HUMAN SPECIES1 ! ONE ?AT RULES & ! O!R ?AT OBEYS4 

,FROM A POSITIVE PO9T ( VIEW1 ANY APPRECIATION ( ?IS G5EALOGY ( MORALS REVEALS ?AT ! DOM9ANT IDEA IS JU/ICE4 ,IT IS UP TO ! 9VE/IGATOR TO DET]M9E :I* ( TODAY VALUES1 = ! PROGRESS ( ! SPECIES1 HAS ! T5D5CIES D]IV$ FROM ! TWO ORIG9AL MORALITIES1 :I* HAVE LONG BE5 COMB9$ ) ! CU/OMS & OP9IONS ( \R ANCI5T CIVILIZATION4 

,I W\LDN'T SAY ?AT ,NIETZS*E C>RI$ ?IS 9VE/IGATION TO ITS PROP] CONCLUSION4 ,ULTIMATELY1 HIS HOT-HEAD$ TEMP]AM5T ADOPTS A PREJUDICE4 ,HE PLACES HIS LANGUAGE ON ! SCALE1 :I* WEI<S AS HEAVILY AS A SWORD4 ,WOE ON ! DEFEAT$6 ,HE S+S ! PRAISE ( ! NOBLE MORALITY & AT ! SAME TIME CURSES ! ANCE/RAL ASPIRATIONS ( ! SLAVES :O 9V5T$ GOODNESS1 FRE$OM1 EQUALITY1 PIETY1 & PEACE4 ,FEM9IZATION1 WEAKNESS ( S\LS1 REFUGE ( ! WEAK4 ,9 TRU?1 NEV] HAS SO PR(\ND A CONTEMPT--OR SO /RONG A DIATRIBE--BE5 ?R[N 9 ! FACE ( ! 0IDEOLOGUES40 ,*RI/IANITY1 LIB]ALISM1 SOCIALISM1 AN>*Y1 LIB]T>IAN IDEALS1 DREAMS ( A HUMANITY FRE$ FROM ! UGL9ESS & SUFF]+ ( OPPRESSION1 PETTY IDEAS AFFIRM$ 9 ! PA/ BY ,JEWI% SLAVES & LAT] BY ! UNC\? ,G]MANS--! ,RE=MATION--LAT] /ILL BY ! ,FR5*1 ROTT$ BY ,*RISMAN MORALITY & S5TIM5TALITY--! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION--& TODAY BY ! UNIV]SAL RULE ( ! M$IOCRE4 ,!SE >E ! WOR/ SYMPTOMS ( DECAD5CE1 ! 0TWILI<T ( MAN40 

,! NEW PHILOSOPH] HAS ONLY TO ASSOCIATE HIMSELF ) ! M5 ( DECAD5CE TO ACCEL]ATE HIS DECOMPOSITION4 ,! QUICK] ?IS HAPP5S1 MORALLY & SOCIALLY1 ! QUICK] LIFE CAN BE RECON/RUCT$ ON ! RUBBLE ( ! OLD WORLD4 ,IF !RE IS SOME?+ ?AT BR+S US CLOSE TO ,NIETZS*E IT W\LD BE ?IS PO9T ( VIEW4 ,BEYOND ! BASE 0MOD]N IDEAS0 ?AT MU/ TRIUMPH1 !N IMM$IATELY DECOMPOSE1 & F9ALLY C$E !IR PLACE TO \R ET]NAL NOBLE IDEAL1 :I* WILL SIGNAL ! RESURRECTION ( ! VITAL =CES ( HUMANITY1 HE NEV]!LESS GLIMPSES ANO!R IDEAL4 ,UNTIL TODAY EV]Y ELEVATION ( ! HUMAN TYPE HAS BE5 ! WORK ( AN >I/OCRATIC SOCIETY1 & ?IS WILL ALWAYS BE SO3 IT IS ! LABOR ( A SOCIETY ?AT HAS FAI? 9 LONG P]IODS ( TIME1 9 HI]>*Y1 9 ! ACC5TUATION ( DIFF]5CES BETWE5 MAN & MAN & :I* NE$S SLAV]Y 9 ONE S5SE OR ANO!R 444 ,! ,GAY ,SCI5CE4 

,IT IS NOT = ME TO REFUTE ! AFFIRMATIONS CONTA9$ 9 ?IS 9CANTATION4 ,NIETZS*E DEF5DS !M ) SUBTLETY1 /UBBORNLY1 RESORT+ TO A DIALECTIC DEVELOP$ AT ! S*OOL ( ! ,G]MAN SOPHI/S1 ) ALL ! F]VOR ( PASSIONATE CONVICTION4 ,?IS IS ! WAY ?AT HE DEF5DS ! AU?ORITY BITT]LY F\<T AGA9/ & DISMEMB]$ BY MO/ ?9K]S4 ,?IS PROBLEM ( AU?ORITY & FRE$OM CAN BE RESOLV$ BY SOCIOLOGY4 ,ELISEE ,RECLUS1 ,H]B]T ,SP5C]1 & ,TYLOR1 TO NAME ONLY ! BE/ ( !M1 HAVE CONCLUD$ FROM ! EXAM9ATION ( ! FACTS ?AT ! 0HUMAN PLANT0 CAN ONLY GR[ 9 FRE% AIR1 UND] ! SUN4 ,IT WILL ONLY POSSESS ALL ITS POT5TIAL BEAUTY & PRODUCE ITS MO/ BEAUTIFUL FRUITS ! DAY ! %AD[S ?AT IMPRISON IT DISSIPATE4 

,! MA9 ]ROR ( ?IS 9DIVIDUALISM ( OPPRESSION IS ?AT IT RE/ORES ! ANCI5T IDEA ( FRE$OM & GREAT ACTS1 :I* MA9TA9$ ?AT ! EX]CISE ( AU?ORITY 9CREASES ! POSSIBILITIES ( PLEASURE & USEFUL EF=T4 ,?IS IS ONLY TRUE 9 A RE/RICTIVE S5SE1 = ! B5EFITS ?AT ! DOM9ANT D]IVE FROM ! LABOR ( SLAVES IS C]TA9LY NOT WOR? ! PR(\ND ABDICATION ( !IR BE/ 5]GIES4 ,! P]SONALITY ( ! OPPRESSOR ONLY ASS]TS ITSELF BY DE=M+ ITSELF1 & ?IS PR(ESSIONAL DE=MATION LEADS FREQU5TLY TO MON/R\S AB]RATIONS4 ,G5]ALLY1 ! APP>5T VICTORY 9 ! REALM ( POSITIVE ACTS IS H>DLY WOR? ! 9N] DEFEAT1 ! IRREP>ABLE DISA/] 9TO :I* ! HI<E/ ASPIRATIONS ( ! HE>T & M9D FALL4 ,NO MAN IS AS SUBJECT TO SLAV]Y AS HE :O [NS SLAVES4 ,HE CAN NEI!R FLEE NOR FREE HIMSELF BUT RA!R MU/ GU>D & DEF5D HIS WEAL?1 LOSE HIMSELF 9 S]VILE LABORS4 ,HE CAN NEI!R CONTEMPLATE1 NOR LOVE1 NOR DREAM1 NOR ?9K1 NOR WORK FREELY4 ,HE IS IMPRISON$ BY HIS 9T]E/S4 ,!SE NECESSITIES ( DAILY COMBAT1 VICTORI\S OR NOT1 SL[LY BUT SURELY KILL :AT IS BE/ 9 MAN4 

,& YET1 0ALL LI<T IS )9 Y\40 ,DOESN'T ,*RI/ SAY ?AT 0HAV+ GA9$ ! WORLD1 HE LO/ HIS S\L08 ,I CRITICIZE ! AU?ORIT>IAN 9DIVIDUALISM ( ,NIETZS*E = NOT HAV+ TAK5 SUBJECTIVISM 9TO ACC\NT4 ,! 9DIVIDUALI/ ASS]TS HIMSELF ?R\< HIS [N 9T]NAL WOR?2 ?R\< ! DOM9ATION ( ! SELF2 ?R\< ! CULT ( IMP>TIAL REASON+2 ?R\< G5]OSITY1 DIS9T]E/1 & ! IDEALISM ?AT >E ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( HI<] EGOISM2 & ?R\< ! 9T5SE EF=T ( F]V5T & JUDICI\S WILL1 ALL ( :I* IS MU* CLOS] TO TRUE NOBILITY4 

,! ANCI5T NOBILITY1 A RESULT ( VICTORY1 SOMETIMES 5G5D]$ BEAUTIFUL TYPES ( HUMANITY4 

,! ,FR5* SEIGNEUR ( ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY WAS SO CULTUR$1 SO C\RAGE\S1 SO RI* 9 HONORS1 SO FULL ( ABNEGATION = HIS K+1 SO IMBU$ ) HIS SUP]IORITY OV] ! VILLE91 ?AT = HIM ALL HUMAN SOLID>ITY /OPP$ AT ! BORD]S ( HIS CA/E4 ,! G5TILHOMME WAS )\T ANY D\BT ! MO/ CIVILIZ$ MAN ! POOR HUMAN SPECIES C\LD PRODUCE AT ?AT MOM5T ( HI/ORY4 ,LAT]1 ! CONDITIONS = ! REALIZATION ( NOBLE 9DIVIDUALITY COMPLETELY *ANG$4 ,IT W\LD BE MAD TO WANT TO GO BACK SEV]AL C5TURIES4 ,! VILLE9S1 ! G5TIL%OMMES1 ! NOBLES1 !SE ?REE E/ATES HAVE DISAPPE>$4 ,! COMBATS OV] MONEY & = IDEAS AS WELL AS ! WORKS ( ! 9TELLIG5CE HAVE CREAT$ NEW CONDITIONS = EXI/5CE4 ,!RE >E NO MORE CLASSES BUT RA!R DI/9CTIONS4 ,! SUPREME VIRTUE IS NO LONG] AU?ORITY BUT ORIG9ALITY1 9DEP5D5CE1 & ! DISDA9 ( P[]4 

,! NEW NOBILITIES1 UNLIKE ! ANCI5T ONES1 ESCAPE ANY /RATIFICATION4 ,!Y COME FROM ! IMM5SE ANONYM\S MASS & RETURN !RE4 ,= MAN !RE IS NO DIFF]5CE BETWE5 S]VILE RACES & PR\D RACES1 SU* AS WE F9D AMONG DOGS BETWE5 HUNT+ RACES & GU>D RACES4 

,! NOBLE MAN1 ! SUP]IOR MAN ( TOMORR[ WILL BE A COMPLETE MAN3 A CLE> 9TELLIG5CE1 A HE>T CAPABLE ( EMOTION1 A VIRILE 5]GY4 ,NEI!R T[>D HIMSELF NOR T[>D O!RS WILL HE COMMIT ! CRIMES ( OBEY+ & COMM&+4 ,HE WILL BE ! GUIDE1 ! EXAMPLE1 ! WISE MAN1 ! H]O1 NEV] ! MAN ) ! :IP4 ,?IS NEW IDEAL IS NOT ONLY \RS4 ,! HI/ORY ( \R CIVILIZATION REVEALS ! SL[ CLIMB ( ! HUMAN H]D T[>D ! HEI<TS :]E ?IS IDEAL WILL BE BORN1 SUBJECT TO LAWS AS C]TA9 & 9ELUCTABLE AS ?OSE ?AT RULE ! FALL ( BODIES4 ,\R SOCIETIES1 DESPITE ! P]IODS ( REGRESSION TO B>B>ISM !Y PASS ?R\<--SU* AS \R ]A--GO FROM DESPOTISM TO FRE$OM1 FROM ! RULE ( ! G>ROTE & ! SWORD TO ! RULE ( 9N] LAW1 FROM ! HI]>*Y ( CLASSES TO 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,NO?+ CAN /OP ?IS EVOLUTION1 :I* IS CONNECT$ TO ! SAME PROCESS AS COSMIC LIFE4 ,?IS1 9 ANY CASE1 IS :AT C]TA9 GREAT M9DS CONCLUD$ :O ,NIETZS*E DETE/$4 

,?\< WE AGREE ?AT ,NIETZS*E'S >GUM5T IS /RONG & EXTREMELY S$UCTIVE1 9 REALITY IT RE/S ON A PREJUDICE4 ,?IS 9TELLECTUAL HAD A BRUTAL PASSION = ACTIVE1 EXT]IORIZ$1 & POSITIVE 5]GIES4 ,WE SEE 9 HIM ! LOVE ( PHYSICAL EF=T1 ( BATTLE1 AS !Y W]E FELT BY \R ANCE/ORS 9 ! SIXTE5? C5TURY1 = :OM HE DEMON/RATES AN UNRES]V$ ADMIRATION4 

,BUT FROM A PHILOSOPHICAL PO9T ( VIEW ! PASSIONATE >GUM5T S9S BY EXCESS1 & EV5 MORE :5 ! ATTEMPT IS MADE TO GIVE IT A SCI5TIFIC APPE>ANCE4 

,NIETZS*E DID NOT TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ?AT PORTION ( ! VITALITY & BEAUTY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 5]GIES ?AT HAVE BE5 ACTIVE ?R\<\T ! WORLD S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( LA/ C5TURY4 ,HE ACT$ AS IF ! P]SECUT$1 ! 9DOMITABLE1 ! REBELS1 ! IDEALI/S1 & ! DESP]ATE1 9 /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! OLD SOCIAL ORD]1 HADN'T TE/IFI$ TO !IR EXI/5CE AMONG ! L[] CLASSES1 0! RACE ( SLAVES10 & AS IF !Y DIDN'T HAVE 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL RES\RCES AS GREAT AS ?OSE ( ! MORE FAVOR$ CLASSES4 

,FROM ! SOLE FACT ?AT IT HAS GIV5 RISE TO REVOLTS1 TO IDEOLOGICAL F]M5T1 TO MANY ATTEMPTS AT REALIZ+ ITS GOALS1 TO SOCIALISM & AN>*ISM1 ! REVOLUTION>Y IDEA HAS ASS]T$ ITSELF AS A =CE = TRANS=MATION ?AT %\LD NOT BE DEPRECAT$4 ,& ,NIETZS*E1 :O ADMIRES ALL =MS ( =CE1 DIDN'T KN[ H[ TO DO IT JU/ICE4 ,NOR DID HE KN[ H[ TO ADAPT HIS ?\<T TO ! RESULTS ( MOD]N SOCIOLOGICAL 9VE/IGATIONS4 ,HE OPPOSES SIMPLE ASS]TIONS TO ! WORK ( ECONOMI/S1 PSY*OLOGI/S1 & SOCIOLOGI/S1 RECON/ITUT+ /EP BY /EP ! /AGES ( PA/ PROGRESS 9 ORD] TO ANTICIPATE FUTURE PROGRESS4 0,! S]VITUDE ( ! GREATE/ NUMB] IS ! CONDITION = ! PROGRESS ( CIVILIZATION03 ?IS IS ONE ( HIS PREF]R$ !SES1 ONE CONTRADICT$ BY SCI5TIFIC 9VE/IGATION4 ,IT IS NOT BECAUSE ( S]VITUDE BUT DESPITE IT ?AT MAN'S =W>D M>* T[>D WELL-BE+ HAS CONT9U$4 ,ONE ( ! MA9 FACTORS ( PROGRESS IS PRECISELY ! CEASELESS EF=T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO FREE HIMSELF FROM :AT IS IMPOS$ ON HIM4 ,WE CAN EV5 ADD ?AT ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( 9JU/ICE 9 SOCIETY--:I* 9 ITSELF ALREADY CON/ITUTES A DISEQUILIBRIUM--CREATES A DANG] = CULTURE4 ,A CIVILIZATION ?AT ONLY BELONGS TO SOME1 :OSE BE/ FRUITS ONLY BELONG ONLY TO A M9ORITY1 CAN BE WEAK5$ OR DE/ROY$ BY ! SEMIB>B>IAN IT HAS FAIL$ TO VALUE4 ,! CITIES ( ANTIQUITY DECAY$ NOT ONLY UND] ! BL[S ( ! 9VAD]1 BUT EV5 MORE BECAUSE ( ! 9DIFF]5CE ( ! 5SLAV$ MASSES :O DIDN'T C>E TO DEF5D IT4 ,:AT DID IT MATT] TO ! MILLION SLAVES ( ! SEV5 HILLS ?AT ,AL>IC SACK$ ! TEMPLES ( M>BLE1 :I* HAD NO VALUE 9 !IR EYES8 

,CONTR>Y TO ! ,NIETZS*EAN PO/ULATE1 ! TRU? IS ?AT ANY ELEVATION ( ! HUMAN TYPE IS ! RESULT ( A LIB]ATION2 ?AT EV]Y CULTURE IS ! FRUIT ( MANY VICTORI\S ACTIVITIES AGA9/ :AT IS IMPOS$ ON US1 & ?AT SOCIETIES F\ND$ ON VIOL5CE & 9IQUITY DECAY ?R\< VIOL5CE & 9IQUITY4 

#c4 ,NIETZS*E1 ,GOOD ,G]MAN ,IMP]IALI/ 

  

,CURR5T EV5TS CA/ A NEW LI<T ON ! WORLD ( IDEAS4 ,9 ?IS UNHEAL?Y GL[ WE 5C\NT] APPE>ANCES WE DIDN'T KN[ ( & :I* WE DIDN'T TAK5 9TO ACC\NT4 ,& IF /UBBORN WILLS1 RI<TS1 & HI<] REASONS DON'T WEAK51 ILLUSIONS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 VANI% COMPLETELY4 ,WE RULE OV] ! WORLD FROM ! VALLEY4 ,H[ MANY MASKS HAVE FALL5 9 ! PRES5CE ( ?OSE :O KN[ US2 H[ MANY IDEAS D5I$1 PR(AN$1 DE=M$1 DISGUIS$ )\T \R HAV+ EXPECT$ IT1 & H[ MANY FACES VEIL$6 ,& EV5 ! DEAD1 :OSE LABORS SEEM$ COMPLET$1 >E TRANS=M$4 ,& AFT] ALL ?IS ,I CAT* A GLIMPSE A NEW ,NIETZS*E1 ! REAL ONE1 ! ONE :O WAS A GOOD ,G]MAN IMP]IALI/ DESPITE HIMSELF4 0,S9CE WE SEE ! BLACK DAWN BREAK 9 ! HEAV5S ( ! MI<TIE/0 ACCORD+ TO ! BEAUTIFUL V]SE ( ,VICTOR ,HUGO2 S9CE ! TABLES ( ! LAW UPON :I* W]E 9SCRIB$ ! DEF9ITIONS ( GOOD & EVIL W]E SMA%$ & ONLY VIOL5CE MATT]S1 ! ?9K] :O WROTE ,DAWN1 :O WANT$ TO SITUATE ! EF=T TO LIVE 0BEYOND GOOD & EVIL10 ! GREAT AMORALI/ APPE>S TO US TO BE A PRECURSOR4 ,HE PREC$$ ! EXI/+ IMP]IALI/ ,G]MANY D[N ! ROAD ?AT LEADS TO ! RUBBLE ( A CIVILIZATION4 

,A CONTEMPOR>Y ,G]MAN & A ,G]MAN IMP]IALI/3 ?IS IS :AT ,NIETZS*E APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 TO HIS V]Y M>R[4 ,FROM HIS ,G]MANIC & ,PROTE/ANT ORIG9S COME HIS ACTIVE TEMP]AM5T1 HIS S5SE ( REALITIES1 HIS PASSIONATE VIGOR SO DIFF]5T FROM ! 9S\CIANCE ( A ,FR5* SKEPTIC LIKE ,R5AN OR ,ANATOLE ,FRANCE1 OR ! REFLEXIVE ,POSITIVISM ( ,5GLI% FREE-?9K]S1 LIKE ,BA91 ,SP5C]1 & ,/U>T ,MILL4 ,SON ( A ,PROTE/ANT PA/OR1 HE C]TA9LY [ES TO HIS PR(\ND ,*RI/IAN CULTURE HIS ABILITY TO SO P]T95TLY UND]/& ! QUE/IONS ( MORALITY & TO FREE HIMSELF FROM ACCEPT$ OP9IONS4 ,! AU?OR ( ,! ,ANTI-,*RI/1 DUR+ ! MO/ TRAGIC H\RS ( HIS SOLIT>Y EXI/5CE1 SIGN$ HIS LETT]S 0! ,CRUCIFI$0 & GAVE ONE ( HIS BOOKS A TITLE :OSE CRUEL SIGNIFICANCE COMES FROM AN EPISODE ( EVANGELICAL HI/ORY1 ,ECCE ,HOMO4 ,FROM ?IS WE CAN JUDGE TO :AT EXT5T HIS E>LY ,*RI/IAN $UCATION CONTRIBUT$ TO =M+ HIS PRODIGI\S P]SONALITY4 ,I W\LD LIKE TO PO9T \T ?AT !RE DOES NOT EXI/ TODAY 9 ANY ,LAT9 C\NTRY ANY RELIGI\S GR\P COMP>ABLE 9 ! S]I\SNESS ( ITS FAI?1 ITS CU/OMS1 & ITS FRE$OM ( ?\<T TO ,G]MAN & ,5GLI% ,PROTE/ANTISM4 

,AT ! V]Y MOM5T ,NIETZS*E WAS WRIT+1 O!R ?9K]S 9 ,FRANCE & ,5GL& PURSU$ ! SAME GOAL1 9SPIR$ BY ! SAME SCI5TIFIC CONCEPT ( ! UNIV]SE1 APPLY+1 LIKE HIM1 ! REC5T NOTIONS ( DET]M9ISM TO ! /UDY ( ! MO/ COMPLEX PH5OM5A ( HUMAN LIFE4 ,SP5C]1 :O ,NIETZS*E RAIL$ AGA9/ 9 ONE ( HIS MO/ UNJU/ PAGES1 PRODUC$ AN 5ORM\S BOOK ON ?IS MATT]4 ,& TO %[ ! CONTRA/ BETWE5 ! TEMP]AM5T ( ! MOD]N ,G]MAN IMP]IALI/ & ?AT ( HIS RIVALS1 WE WILL CITE ,TA9E1 :O WAS ALSO IMPLACABLY LOGICAL1 D$ICAT+ HIS 5TIRE LIFE TO ! CULT ( ?\<T1 LOV+ LIFE ) ALL HIS S\L ( A POET1 & 9 LIFE-LOV+ ,=CE2 & ,GUYAU :O1 /UDY+ E?ICS1 F\ND$ AN>*I/ MORALITY 9 A DEF9ITIVE WORK1 0,ESSAY ON A ,MORALITY )\T ,OBLIGATION OR ,SANCTION02 & F9ALLY1 ,C>LYLE1 0?AT SEMI-COMIC PROVOCATEUR1 ?AT DECEIV] LACK+ 9 TA/E10 ACCORD+ TO ,NIETZS*E1 :O1 LIKE HIM & A LITTLE BE=E HIM1 ADOR$ ! CREATOR ( NEW VALUES4 ,TA9E & ,GUYAU1 ) !IR ,FR5* ME?OD1 !IR SOV]EIGN PHILOSOPHICAL SPIRIT1 ! H>MONY ( !IR ?\<T & LANGUAGE1 =MULAT$ ! SAME IDEAS BUT )\T VIOL5CE1 )\T IMPETUOSITY1 & )\T ! BASIS = LIFE BE+ MODIFI$ 9 ANY WAY4 ,IT APPE>S ?AT ,C>LYLE1 ANIMAT$ BY ! FLAME ( ! DESC5DANTS ( ! BELIEV]S 9 9N] LI<T1 ALSO REMA9$ \TSIDE ACTIVE LIFE )\T REALIZ+ ?AT EV]Y IDEA 0IS A =CE AIM+ TO REALIZE ITSELF40 ,NIETZS*E'S W>RIOR TEMP]AM5T WAS NECESS>Y 9 ORD] = DET]M9ISM1 ATAVISM1 & AMORALISM TO SUCCE$ 9 BE+ NEW REASONS = ACTION1 NEW 0REASONS TO LIVE0 9 DAILY REALITY4 ,9 ORD] TO REALIZE H[ DIFF]5T !IR *>ACT]S W]E IT IS 5\< TO OP5 A BOOK ( ,NIETZS*E'S & COMP>E ONE ( HIS PAGES ) ONE ( ,TA9E'S4 ,= EXAMPLE3 0,WRITE ) BLOOD & Y\ WILL LE>N ?AT ! BLOOD IS SPIRIT10 SAID ,Z>A?U/RA4 ,HIS CREATOR TRULY WRITES ) HIS BLOOD4 ,HE PUT HIS [N LIFE 9TO ?IS PULSAT+1 SWIRL+ /YLE1 AS FEV]I% AS IT IS 9T5SE1 9TOXICAT+1 SPR9KL$ ) %\TS & 9VECTIVE1 FILL$ ) BRILLIANT IMAGES1 UNIQUE4 

,LET US PO9T \T H]E ?AT ?IS FACULTY ( BE+ IMPASSION$ BY IDEAS1 :I* IS SO R>E AMONG ! HUMANI/S ( TODAY1 COEXI/S 9 ,NIETZS*E ) AN EXTRAORD9>Y APTITUDE = AB/RACT SPECULATION4 ,:AT IS MORE1 9 \R OLD ,EUROPE ONLY ! ,G]MANIC RACES SEEM TO HAVE 9H]IT$ FROM ! ANCI5T ,H9DUS ! GIFT ( METAPHYSICAL 9VE/IGATION4 ,ONLY !Y HAVE D>$ TO DIG D[N 9TO ! DEP?S ( ! PROBLEMS ( ,ESS5CE1 ( ,PRIM>Y ,CAUSES & ,F9AL ,CAUSES4 ,FROM ,LEIBNIZ TO ,NIETZS*E !Y HAVE GIV5 ! WORLD SEV]AL G5]ATIONS ( PHILOSOPH]S & METAPHYSICIANS BOLD 5\< TO ATTEMPT TO UND]/& ! UNIV]SE4 ,FRANCE PRODUC$ ,AUGU/E ,COMTE1 ,5GL& ,SP5C]1 ,G]MANY ,HEGEL1 & TODAY ,HAECKEL1 ! MO/ METAPHYSICAL ( ! SCI5TIFICS4 ,NIETZS*E BELONGS TO ?AT GREAT S*OOL AS A DISCIPLE ( ,S*OP5HAU]4 ,?R\< ?IS 9TELLECTUAL PAT]NITY HE REMA9S UNIT$ TO ! PRODIGI\S ,SOPHI/S1 TO ! AB/RACTORS ( QU9TESS5CE1 TO ! CREATORS ( COSMOGONIES ?AT W]E ,HEGEL1 ,FI*TE1 ,S*ELL+1 & ,H>TMAN4 ,ONLY HIS FUNDAM5TAL PREJUDICE IS CONTR>Y TO ?AT ( HIS OLD MA/]4 ,HE WANTS NOT ! EXT9CTION ( ! WILL TO LIVE ?R\< ! R5UNCIATIONS ( ! SAGE BUT RA!R ! EXALTATION ( ! WILL TO P[] ?R\< ! ACTIVITY ( ! DE/ROY] & ! CREATOR4 ,HE DOESN'T WANT TO FLEE BUT RA!R TO ACCEPT ) JOY ! NOBLE PA9 ( LIV+4 

,:AT *>ACT]IZES ! CURR5T ,G]MAN 9TELLECTUAL ELITE IS A CULT ( 9TELLIG5CE & BRUTE =CE1 :ILE = O!R PEOPLES1 ESPECIALLY AMONG ! ,LAT9S1 CULTURE IS SYNONYM\S ) REF9EM5T1 ! R5UNCIATION ( VIOL5CE1 & ! PR$OM9ANCE ( SPIRITUAL VALUES4 ,! CONTEMPOR>Y ,G]MAN IMP]IALI/ IS DEEPLY 9 LOVE ) KN[L$GE1 IS A POET & A SPECULATIVE SPIRIT1 BUT PLACES 9TELLIG5CE 9 ! S]VICE ( BRUTE =CE4 ,HE SEEMS TO VIEW VICTORI\S VIOL5CE AS ! TOTAL REALIZATION ( =CE4 ,P]HAPS WE CAN DEF9E ! MO/ G5]AL LAW ( HIS ?\<T1 ?AT :I* PROVIDES ALL ! O!RS ) !IR ORIG9AL /RUCTURE1 9 ?IS WAY3 A CULT ( 9TELLIG5CE & A CULT ( =CE4 ,FROM ?IS FL[S IMP]IALISM1 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 CA/ES1 HONORS1 ! APTITUDE = OBEY+ & LEAD+1 ! ABS5CE ( MORAL SCRUPLES1 ! DISDA9 = IDEAS1 ESPECIALLY MOD]N IDEAS1 I4E41 ! ,NAPOLEONIC CONTEMPT ( IDEOLOGUES4 ,:AT REMA9S ( ! CONCEPT ( JU/ICE :5 ! CANNONS BOOM8 

,IF WE W]E TO JUDGE ! FACTS CURR5TLY DEVELOP+ 9 A SEQU5CE 9 :I* NO L9K HAS ESCAP$ \R GAZE1 FROM ! ,BISM>CKIAN W>S RI<T UP TO ! ONGO+ NEW DE/RUCTION WE W\LD SEE ?AT !Y >E NO?+ BUT ! TRANSLATION ( CONCEPTS ?AT ,NIETZS*E PROPHETICALLY EXPRESS$ :5 HE WROTE3 0,! H\R RETURNS1 EV] REBORN1 ! H\R 9 :I* ! MASSES >E DISPOS$ TO SACRIFICE !IR LIVES1 !IR =TUNE1 !IR CONSCI5CES1 !IR VIRTUE 9 ORD] TO PROCURE ?AT SUP]IOR JOY & TO RULE1 A VICTORI\S & TYRANNICALLY >BITR>Y NATION1 OV] O!R NATIONS4 70,ON ,GR& ,POLITICS10 9 ,! ,DAWN74 

0,WE HAVE 5T]$ ! AGE ( CLASSICAL W>1 ! SCI5TIFIC & AT ! SAME TIME POPUL> W>1 ( W> MADE GREAT ?R\< ! ME?ODS1 TAL5TS & DISCIPL9E EMPLOY$4 ,ALL ! COM+ C5TURIES WILL LOOK ) 5VY & AWE ON ?IS AGE ( P]FECTION40 

0,WE /ATELESS P]SONS1 'GOOD ,EUROPEANS1' REFLECT ON ! NE$ = A NEW ORD] AS WELL AS A NEW SLAV]Y40 

0444 BECAUSE BELIEVE ME1 ! SECRET TO H>VE/+ ! MO/ F]TILE ( EXI/5CES & ! GREATE/ JOY IS LIV+ DANG]\SLY4 ,BE ?IEVES & CONQU]ORS IF Y\ CAN'T BE DOM9ATORS & POSSESSORS1 Y\ :O SEEK KN[L$GE0 7,! ,GAY ,SCI5CE74 

,OR :5 HE EXULT$ ) ! SAME F]VOR ?AT MU/ HAVE GUID$ ! BAD %EPH]DS ( ! MILIT>Y NATION3 0,Y\ SAY ?AT IT IS ! GOOD CAUSE ?AT SANCTIFIES EV5 W>4 ,I SAY TO Y\1 IT IS A GOOD W> ?AT SANCTIFIES EV]Y CAUSE0 7,Z>A?U/RA74 

,!SE APHORISMS WRITT5 TW5TY YE>S AGO TAKE ON A S+UL> SIGNIFICANCE :5 WE PLACE !M 9 P>ALLEL ) ! FOLL[+ ONES3 

,! GREAT SAGE ,O/WALD1 :O CREAT$ 5]GETICS1 WROTE3 0,G]MANY WANTS TO ORGANIZE ,EUROPE 444 ,H]E EV]Y?+ T5DS TO DRAW A MAXIMUM ( \TPUT FROM SOCIETY 444 ,! /AGE ( ORGANIZATION IS A MORE ELEVAT$ /AGE ( CIVILIZATION 4440 0,CULTURE IS A SPIRITUAL ORGANIZATION ( ! WORLD0 ?AT DOESN'T EXCLUDE BLOODY SAVAG]Y4 0,IT IS ABOVE MORALITY1 REASON1 SOCIETY 4440 7,QUOTES TAK5 FROM ,ROMA9 ,ROLL& 9 HIS BOOK ,ABOVE ! ,FRAY74 

,AS WE CAN ALREADY SEE1 ! SPIRITUAL SON ( ,GOE!1 ,HEGEL1 ,HE9E1 & ,S*OP5HAU]1 ,NIETZS*E IS MANIFE/LY ( ! RACE ( ,BISM>CK & ,H9D5BURG1 ! RACE ( PR$ATORS4 

,BETWE5 HIS VISION ( ! FUTURE & \RS !RE IS AN ABYSS IMPOSSIBLE TO FILL4 ,TWO IDEALS REMA9 PRES5T 9 \R POOR DE/ROY$ HUMANITY3 IMP]IALISM & LIB]T>IANISM4 ,ONE ASS]TS ITSELF ?R\< FRATRICIDE1 ?R\< VICTORY BY ! KNIFE & FIRE1 OPPRESSION1 ! P]PETUAL CRUCIFIXION ( ANO!R SPECIES2 ! O!R PO9TS \T A NEW PA?1 ! ONLY ONE ?AT CAN LEAD HUMANITY T[>D A HEAL?Y P]FECTION )\T BE/IALITY2 T[>D VICTORIES ?AT >5'T T>NI%$ BY DESC5T 9TO ! DREGS1 BLOOD1 FALSEHOOD1 MAD HATR$4 & BL9DNESS4 

,!SE IDEALS SUPPORT ! /RUGGLE 9 ALL NATIONS &1 )\T ANY D\BT1 9 ALL HE>TS4 ,!RE IS A LIB]T>IAN ,NIETZS*E1 A LIB]T>IAN ,G]MANY JU/ AS !RE IS AN IMP]IALI/ ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 & ,AM]ICA4 ,! TWO S5SIBILITIES1 ONE 9H]IT$ FROM AN IMMEMORIAL PA/ ( ANCE/RAL TORTURES & ! O!R GIV5 RISE TO BY ! 9/9CT = WELL-BE+1 ! LEV] = ALL PROGRESS1 TAKE TURNS PR$OM9AT+ 9 ANY E?NIC OR NATIONAL GR\P4 ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,G]MANY1 9 ITS MO/ G5]AL T5D5CIES & 9 ,NIETZS*E'S OEUVRE1 IS ! EXPRESSION ( CONSCI\S IMP]IALISM AT ITS HI<E/ DEGREE ( DEVELOPM5T 

,WE MU/ REMEMB] ! BRILLIANT1 REBELLI\S IDEALISM ( ! ,G]MANY ( ,S*ILL]1 ( ! ADMIRABLE PAGANISM ( ,GOE!1 ( ! 9V9CIBLE NIHILI/ LOGIC ( ,/IRN]1 ( ! SOCIALISM ( ,LASALLE & ,M>X1 ( ,WAGN]'S REVOLUTIONISM2 WE MU/ REMEMB] ALL ?IS 9 ORD] TO KN[ ! P[] ( IDEAS1 WE :O HAVE NO O!R /R5G? ?AN ?AT ( ! IDEA6 ,! MALEFIC5T CULT ( VIOL5CE HAS TURN$ ,G]MANY 9TO ! HORDE WE N[ SEE4 ,O!R IDEAS1 O!R WILLS ALREADY ACTIVE WILL REG5]ATE IT :5 IT WILL F9ALLY UND]/& ?AT ! LIB]ATION ( ! HUMAN ANIMAL1 EV5 ?\< HE IS >M$ ) SCI5CE & LOGIC1 IS NOT A MEANS ( ACCESS TO ! SUP]HUMAN BUT RA!R A RETURN TO ! PROGNA?\S AN?ROPOID1 ! SUB-MAN ( ! CAVES4 

#d4 ,! ,REBEL3 ,HIS ,9FLU5CE 

  

,I PRES5T$ ! IMP]IALI/ ,NIETZS*E :O1 ?R\< ! REALIZATION ( ! SUP]HUMAN1 SUCCE$S ONLY 9 REMA9+ 0TOO HUMAN0 & TOO ACTUAL 9 !SE TR\BL$ TIMES4 ,BUT EV]Y P]SONALITY IS MULTIPLE4 ,IT W\LD BE MORE CORRECT TO SAY ?AT 9 EA* ( US !RE >E DIV]SE POT5TIAL OR ACTIVE P]SONALITIES ?AT SUCCESSIVELY DOM9ATE1 MAK+ US ADOPT DIV]G5T OR CONTRADICTORY ATTITUDES4 ,IT IS ?US ?AT UND] ! PRESSURE ( EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUM/ANCES UNEXPECT$ *>ACT]I/ICS REVEAL !MSELVES1 9COH]5T & LOGICAL1 P>ADOXICAL1 & NECESS>Y4 

,ALL ( ,MAN IS 9 EV]Y MAN1 & ! GREAT] ! VITALITY ( AN 9DIVIDUAL ! MORE HE MU/ RECONCILE HIS 9MO/ CONTRADICTIONS4 ,! PASSIONATE AU?ORIT>IAN1 FEEL+ HIMSELF HEMM$ 9 ON ALL SIDES1 BO!R$ BY ! ?\S& OB/ACLES ( SOCIETY1 :I* IS MADE UP ( C\NTLESS 9T]E/S ?AT >E L9K$ TO EA* O!R & OPPOS$ TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( PR$ATORY ,MAN1 SUFF]+ TO SEE HIMSELF SURR\ND$ BY M$IOCRE CREATURES1 BY ROTT5 9/ITUTIONS1 BY PETT9ESS & MIS]Y1 EV5 ?IS AU?ORIT>IAN REBELS4 ,?IS IS ! IMPOSSIBILITY TO LIVE AGA9/ :I* EV]Y MAN ( ?\<T & WILL1 EV5 IF HE IS \R 5EMY1 MU/ IMM$IATELY RAISE HIS VOICE 9 PROTE/4 ,! 5TIRE DIFF]5CE BETWE5 HIS ACT & \RS RESIDES 9 ! AW>5ESS ( MOTIVES & 5DS4 ,HE :O WANTS TO GO FREELY T[>D ! FUTURE ) HIS BRO!RS MU/ REBEL 9 ! NAME ( ! %>$ SUFF]+ ( :I* HIS IS BUT AN 9F9ITESIMAL P>T4 ,HE :O WANTS TO BE A ,DOM9ATOR & ISN'T ABLE TO BECOME ONE MU/ REBEL AGA9/ ! OB/ACLES ?AT RE/RA9 HIS /R5G?4 ,NIETZS*E WAS ONE ( ! LATT]1 & MAGNIFIC5TLY SO4 ,A PAMPHLETE] NOT SIMPLY ( ?OSE :O RISE UP AGA9/ ! TYRANT ( ! MOM5T1 BUT ( ?OSE :O M>K AN 5TIRE SOCIETY ) ! SEAL ( !IR S>CA/IC CONTEMPT4 ,HE WAS SATIRICAL 9 ! MANN] ( ,JUV5AL1 ( ,>I/OPHANES1 OR1 CLOS] TO US1 ( ,RIV>OL1 :O HE APPRECIAT$2 HE WAS CRITICAL1 & IRONIC1 A S[] ( P>ADOXES & IDEAS ?AT %OOK PEOPLE \T ( !IR TORPOR4 ,= REBELLION OP5$ ! HORIZON = HIM1 & IT WAS ?IS ?AT 9 A /RANGE WAY OCCASIONALLY DREW HIM CLOS] TO US6 ,CONTRADICTORY & P>OXY/IC1 IT IS DIFFICULT :5 SPEAK+ ( HIM NOT TO IMITATE HIM1 SO DISCONC]T+ >E ! V>I\S ASPECTS ( HIS OEUVRE4 ,IS IT TRUE ?AT IT WAS ! APO/LE ( VIOL5CE :O1 :5 WRIT+ ( ! WAY TO REA* TRUE PEACE1 SAID ?AT A DAY WILL COME :5 ! MO/ P[]FUL PEOPLE WILL WILL+LY BREAK ITS SWORDS8 0,SOON] DIE ?AN HATE & FE>1 & SOON] DIE TWICE ?AN TO ALL[ ONESELF TO BE HAT$ OR FE>$4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT ONE DAY ?IS EXALT$ MAXIM BECOME ?AT ( EV]Y E/ABLI%$ SOCIETY0 7,DAWN74 

,NIETZS*E GLIMPS$ ALL ! FRE$OM1 ALL ! POSSIBILITIES ( LIFE ?AT W]E (F]$ TO ! MAN ( ! FUTURE2 TO HE :O WILL COME WELL AFT] US1 AFT] ! *A9S HAVE FALL54 ,AT A MOM5T ( GREAT S]5ITY1 :5 ! IMP]I\S VOICES ( PRIMITIVE 9/9CTS BECAME /ILL )9 HIM1 HE UND]/OOD :I* DIRECTION BEAUTY LEADS US 9 ORD] TO PASS ?R\< ! D>KNESS ( TODAY4 ,& HE ASS]T$ ?IS 9 CLE> T]MS4 ,I WILL QUOTE BUT ONE ( HIS MO/ CRITICAL PAGES4 ,H]E IS H[ HE DESCRIBES MILIT>ISM4 

,A DRAG UPON CULTURE4--,:5 WE >E TOLD ?AT H]E M5 HAVE NO TIME = PRODUCTIVE OCCUPATIONS1 BECAUSE MILIT>Y MANEUV]S & PROCESSIONS TAKE UP !IR DAYS1 & ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION MU/ FE$ & CLO! !M1 !IR DRESS1 H[EV]1 BE+ /RIK+1 (T5 GAY & FULL ( ABSURDITIES2 ?AT !RE ONLY A FEW DI/+UI%$ QUALITIES >E RECOGNIZ$1 9DIVIDUALS RESEMBLE EA* O!R MORE ?AN ELSE:]E1 OR AT ANY RATE >E TREAT$ AS EQUALS1 YET OB$I5CE IS EXACT$ & YIELD$ )\T REASON+1 = M5 COMM& & MAKE NO ATTEMPT TO CONV9CE2 ?AT H]E PUNI%M5TS >E FEW1 BUT !SE FEW CRUEL & LIKELY TO BECOME ! F9AL & MO/ T]RIBLE2 ?AT !RE TREASON RANKS AS ! CAPITAL (F5SE1 & EV5 ! CRITICISM ( EVILS IS ONLY V5TUR$ ON BY ! MO/ AUDACI\S2 ?AT !RE1 AGA91 HUMAN LIFE IS *EAP1 & AMBITION (T5 TAKES ! =M ( SETT+ LIFE 9 DANG]--:5 WE HE> ALL ?IS1 WE AT ONCE SAY1 0,?IS IS A PICTURE ( A B>B>\S SOCIETY ?AT RE/S ON A HAZ>D\S FOOT+40 ,ONE MAN P]HAPS WILL ADD1 0,IT IS A PORTRAIT ( ,SP>TA40 ,BUT ANO!R WILL BECOME M$ITATIVE & DECL>E ?AT ?IS IS A DESCRIPTION ( \R MOD]N MILIT>Y SY/EM1 AS IT EXI/S 9 ! MID/ ( \R ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T CULTURE & SOCIETY1 A LIV+ ANA*RONISM1 ! PICTURE1 AS ABOVE SAID1 ( A COMMUNITY RE/+ ON A HAZ>D\S FOOT+2 A PO/HUM\S WORK ( ! PA/1 :I* CAN ONLY ACT AS A DRAG UPON ! :EELS ( ! PRES5T4--,YET AT TIMES EV5 A DRAG UPON CULTURE IS VITALLY NECESS>Y--?AT IS TO SAY1 :5 CULTURE IS ADVANC+ TOO RAPIDLY D[NHILL OR 7AS P]HAPS 9 ?IS CASE7 UPHILL4 70,! ,W&]] & ,HIS ,%AD[10 9 ,HUMAN1 ,ALL ,TOO ,HUMAN7 

,) GLEE HE WROTE3 0,WE /ATELESS 9DIVIDUALS1 GOOD ,EUROPEANS 4440 ,ON ! CR$IT SIDE ( HIS GR& CONCEPTS WE MU/ PLACE ?AT ( ! ,EUROPEAN1 SON NOT ( A NATION OR A RACE1 & EV5 LESS ( A SOCIETY F\ND$ ON EGOISM1 ! SUM ( PETTY AIMS--A /ATE--BUT RA!R ( ALL ! RACES ?AT HAVE MIX$ TOGE!R !IR CU/OMS1 !IR BLOOD1 & !IR SAP ON ! ANCI5T L& ( ,EUROPE 9 ORD] TO PRODUCE ! COMPLEX G5]ATIONS ( TODAY1 HEIRS1 9 TRU?1 ( ALL HUMAN EF=T4 ,& H[ 9DIG5T1 ACCORD+ TO ?IS AU?OR1 >E ALL ! PETTY AMBITI\S FA!RL&S6 ,WE UND]/& ,Z>A?U/RA :5 HE SAYS3 0,:AT ( FA!RL&6 ,?I!R /RIVE? \R HELM :]E \R *ILDR5'S L& IS60 

0,FOLL[ Y\R PA? & LET ! PEOPLES & NATIONS FOLL[ ! D>K PA?S 9 :I* NO HOPE %9ES40 

,HE PLAC$ ?RONES 9 ! MIRE & WAS HORRIFI$ BY BO? ! PUBLIC SQU>E & ! POLITICIANS :O >E ITS BUZZ+ FLIES4 ,HE RIDICUL$ MORALI/S1 :OSE VIRTUES RESEMBLE ! POPPY SE$S ?AT 0PROCURE A GOOD NI<T'S SLEEP40 

0,I AM ,Z>A?U/RA ! IMPI\S :O SAYS2 :O IS MORE IMPI\S ?AN ,I ?AT ,I MAY 5JOY HIS TEA*+S80 

,ONE %\LDN'T F9D IT /RANGE TO SEE HIM EXPRESS 9 ?IS WAY IDEAS ?AT USUALLY APPE> TO BE CONTRADICTORY4 ,! ORIG9 ( HIS ]RORS--& ,I ?9K ?AT IS ! WORD ?AT ?AT MU/ BE US$--CAN BE F\ND 9 ! V]Y ORIG9 ( ! P[] ?AT MADE HIM A GREAT POET1 A PAMPHLETE]1 & A NEW PHILOSOPH]3 ! EXTRAORD9>Y 9T5SITY ( HIS C]EBRAL LIFE1 :I* RAIS$ AN 9/9CTIVE HYP]ES!SIC VITALITY TO CONSCI\SNESS4 ,HAV+ ATTEMPT$ ALMO/ EV]Y?+1 HE C\LD ALSO UND]/& EV]Y?+ & EXPLA9 ALMO/ EV]Y?+4 ,& BE+ TOO SELF-WILL$1 LOV+ EXCESSIVELY ! FACT ( FEEL+ HIMSELF LIVE 9T5SELY1 HE DIDN'T CONS5T TO B[ BE=E ! LOGICAL SY/EMATIZATIONS ( ?\<T ?AT 5D BY IMPRISON+ US4 ,IT'S BETT] TO APPE> 9CONSI/5T4 ,! ESS5TIAL ?+ IS NOT TO IMPOSE1 9 ADDITION TO ! CURR5T ADMIRATION ( M51 A NEW DOGMATISM BUT RA!R ?AT WE AWAK5 !M1 S9CE !Y >E ASLEEP 9 ! B$ ( OLD BELIEFS4 ,WE MU/ MAKE !M LIVE &1 ABOVE ALL1 !Y %\LD BE MADE ABLE TO LIVE 9T5SELY ON !IR [N1 TO CONTEMPLATE1 TO UND]/&1 TO CREATE4 

,?IS1 )\T A %AD[ ( A D\BT1 WAS HIS IDEA AS WELL AS \RS1 & ,I BELIEVE ?AT WE %\LD REGRET NOT ?AT HE WAS FREQU5TLY P>ADOXICAL OR 9CONSI/5T1 BUT ?AT HE WAS ONLY APP>5TLY SO4 

,A HI<] LOGIC GUID$ HIM4 ,9 HIM ! REBEL & ! BOLD 9VE/IGATOR NEV] CEAS$ OBEY+ ! 9JUNCTIONS ( ! PHILOSOPH] ( AU?ORITY & VIOL5CE4 ,/ATES1 FA!RL&S1 >MIES1 *UR*ES1 ! FAMILY1 MORALITY1 MOD]N IDEAS1 DECREPIT AU?ORITIES UND]M9$ BY ! DECAD5TS :O WANT GOODNESS1 JU/ICE1 EQUALITY1 & PEACE BECAUSE !Y CAUSE DEG5]ATION3 !SE PEOPLE WE> \T ! SPR+S ( GREAT ACTS4 ,!Y >E DIM9I%$ M51 & S9CE 9 ?IS SOCIETY HUMANISM GR[S BY MAK+ ! HEAL?Y =MS ( IMPI\S & BELLICOSE LIFE RETREAT1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO SPE$ UP ! COLLAPSE ( ?IS WORLD 9 FREE FALL4 

0,MAN MU/ BE ! BE/ ( PR$ATORS40 

0,SMA%1 SMA% ! GOOD & ! JU/40 

,WE HAVE ALREADY SE5 ! WEAKNESSES & ]RORS AT ! HE>T ( ?IS !SIS4 ,HE BELIEV$ 9 IT ) ALL HIS S\L & ALWAYS EXPLA9$ & DEF5D$ IT AS A PASSIONATE DIALECTICIAN1 & ?IS WAS ! REASON = HIS REVOLTS4 

,!RE IS AN 9T]E/+ /UDY TO BE DONE ( ! AFF9ITY ( CONTR>IES & !IR PSY*OLOGICAL 9FLU5CES4 ,PEOPLE HAVE NOT ALWAYS BE5 FAIR TO ,NIETZS*E4 ,ALL ?+S CONSID]$1 HE EXPRESS$ HIMSELF QUITE CLE>LY & BRUTALLY4 ,ONE MU/ TRULY WORK AT IT TO SEE 9 HIM SOME?+ O!R ?AN A REBEL & A CRITIC4 ,H[ !N CAN ONE EXPLA91 O!R ?AN BY ! AFF9ITY ( CONTR>IES1 HIS IMM5SE 9FLU5CE ON GR\PS ) DIAMETRICALLY IMPOS$ M5TALITIES8 ,A GOOD ,G]MAN IMP]IALI/1 HE F\ND MANY DISCIPLES 9 ,FRANCE4 ,AN AU?ORIT>IAN >I/OCRAT1 HE WAS SO APPRECIAT$ BY ! AN>*I/S ?AT IT SEEMS !RE >E SOME :O CALL !MSELVES ,NIETZS*EANS4 

,I WILL HAZ>D TWO EXPLANATIONS3 ,I LOVE HIS OV]FL[+ VITALITY1 CONTAGI\S TO ALL :O APPROA* IT3 SU* IS ! PRE/IGE ( HIS LIFE4 ,WE >E ALL TIR$ ( COLORLESS PHILOSOPHIES1 V]BIAGE1 WORN \T WORDS1 HYPOCRITICAL EXPRESSIONS1 TEA*+S LACK+ 9 S9C]ITY & PASSION4 ,IT ALL 5DS UP LO/ OBSCURITY4 ,OH ! DULL IDEAS ?AT VEGETATE 9 ?IS BLOODLESS LIFE1 ! (FICIAL SPEE*ES1 ! POOR LITTLE LIES1 ! M9USCULE IDEAS ( ,LILLIPUTIANS4 ,ONE WANTS TO COV] ONE'S E>S & %\T1 0,5\<60 ,SLEEP IS BETT] ?AN ?IS DECAD5CE ( ! S\L4 ,WELCOME1 LET HIM 5T]1 ! MAN--FROM :]EV] HE MI<T COME--:O LOVES & HATES1 :OSE S9C]E SPEE* SAYS TO US3 0,I DESIRE6 ,MAKE ROOM OR ,I'LL CLE> ! ROAD DESPITE Y\40 

,?IS MAN1 EV5 ?\< HE IS \R 5EMY1 SETS AN EXAMPLE & BR+S US SOME?+ ( GREAT VALUE3 HIS TRU?1 A PRECI\S TRU?4 

,! SECOND EXPLANATION W\LD BE ?IS3 KN[+ \R V>I\S 9SUFFICI5CIES WE ALL ASPIRE TO P]FECT \RSELVES4 ,& SO WE >E ATTRACT$ TO PRECISELY ?OSE :O HAVE QUALITIES ! OPPOSITE ( \R [N4 ,BE+ G5TLE1 WE LOVE ! VIOL5T2 BE+ RATIONAL1 WE DELIB]ATELY SEEK ! 9/9CTIVE2 S5TIM5TAL1 ! R\< PLEASE US4 ,?IS IS ! CALL ( =CES O!R ?AN ?OSE WE HE> )9 US1 & WE CONT9UALLY HEAD T[>D UNKN[N POT5TIALITIES4 

,LET US RETURN TO ! FACTS4 ,:ATEV] ! CAUSE1 ,NIETZS*E'S 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,LAT9 WORLD & 9 LIB]T>IAN CIRCLES WAS GREAT4 ,NATURALLY1 HIS TEA*+S W]E DE=M$4 ,IT CAN BE SAID ( HIS DISCIPLES ?AT !Y NEV] UND]/OOD HIM V]Y WELL4 0,EV]Y TRU?FUL WORD1 IF IT IS HE>D BY TOO MANY M51 IS TRANS=M$ 9TO A LIE BECAUSE ( ?OSE :O >E SUP]FICIAL1 ! CALCULAT+1 ! *>LATANS10 WROTE ANO!R 9DIVIDUALI/1 \R AN>*I/ ,HAN ,RYN]4 ,S9CE !RE WAS NO?+ BUT TRU? 9 ,NIETZS*E'S WORD1 WE NOTE ?AT IT WAS MISUND]/OOD & SY/EMATICALLY DE=M$ BY SOME 9 ORD] TO R5D] IT AN>*I/1 & BY O!RS TO JU/IFY ?R\< >GUM5TS EXTRACT$ FROM HIS WORKS1 !IR B\RGEOIS SPIRIT1 !IR AMBITION1 & !IR VULG> EGOISM ?AT HE W\LD HAVE DISDA9$ AS ! MO/ GROTESQUE ( ?+S TOO GROTESQUELY HUMAN4 

,BUT ?IS IS ! LUCK ( ALL TEA*+S4 ,PETTY ?+S PASS1 BUT ! OEUVRE REMA9S4 ,! SE$S ?AT ,NIETZS*E SPREAD ALSO FELL ON BETT] L&S1 :]E !Y PROLIF]AT$4 ,!Y PRODUC$ A VA/ 9TELLECTUAL MOVEM5T4 ,I WON'T HAVE ! TEM]ITY TO C>RY \T A COMPLETE EXAM9ATION1 BUT 9/EAD WILL ONLY M5TION C]TA9 NAMES ?AT TE/IFY TO ,NIETZS*EISM'S IMPORTANCE 9 ,FR5* CULTURE4 ,!RE IS ABSOLUTELY NO QUE/ION ?AT HIS 9FLU5CE WAS 5ORM\S1 P>TICUL>LY DUR+ ! CONTEMPOR>Y ]A1 & P]HAPS 9 ,FRANCE MORE ?AN ELSE:]E4 

,H5RI ,ALB]T & ,LI*T5B]G] HAVE ) GREAT C>E TRANSLAT$ HIS ?\<T 9 ORD] TO MAKE ITS MO/ SUBTLE NUANCES FELT4 ,DANIEL ,HALEVY D$ICAT$ A BIOGRAPHY TO HIM ?AT WAS AS PI\S AS IT WAS COMPLETE4 ,JULES DE ,GAULTI]1 ONE ( ! MO/ ORIG9AL SPECULATIVE M9DS ( \R TIME1 COMM5T$ ON HIM & EXPLICAT$ HIS ?\<T 9 SEV]AL VALUABLE WORKS4 ,GEORGES ,PALANTE1 SOCIOLOGI/ & CRITIC1 WAS L>GELY 9SPIR$ BY HIS WORK1 ALONG ) ,DR4 ,ELIE ,FAURE 9 HIS /UDIES ( >T1 & ,GEORGES ,SOREL 9 HIS WORKS ( SOCIOLOGY1 AMONG !M ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE4 

,9 ! AN>*I/ WORLD ONLY ! 9DIVIDUALI/ T5D5CY HAS FELT ?IS 9FLU5CE1 & ?IS V]Y PR(\NDLY4 ,& YET MY IMPRESSION IS ?AT G5]ALLY !RE WAS A MISUND]/&+ DUE TO ! IGNORANCE ( ! 5TIRETY ( ,NIETZS*E'S IDEAS4 ,C]TA9 ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S QUALIFI$ !MSELVES AS ,NIETZS*EANS4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ! NEWSPAP] ,NIHIL REPRES5T$ ?IS T5D5CY4 ,TO V>I\S DEGREES WE F9D ! SAME 9FLU5CE 9 ! WORK ( ,LIB]O ,TANCR$I 9 ,ITALY1 9 ! REVIEW ,EL ,UNICO PUBLI%$ 9 ,PANAMA1 9 L'AN>*IE0 9 ,P>IS & 9 ! ,FR5* 9DIVIDUALI/ ORGAN ,P>-DELA LA ,MELEE4 

,BUT IS ?IS 9FLU5CE A GOOD ONE8 ,I DON'T D>E ANSW] 9 ! AFFIRMATIVE4 ,! WORK]S :O =M ! MAJORITY ( \R GR\PS G5]ALLY DON'T HAVE SUFFICI5T $UCATION TO CONFRONT ! 5]GETIC S$UCTION ( ! PASSIONATE IMP]IALI/ ) A CRITICAL SPIRIT4 ,IT (T5 OCCURS ?AT !Y DON'T UND]/& HIM OR ?AT !Y FOLL[ HIM IMM$IATELY1 ALMO/ BL9DLY4 ,& FOLL[+ HIM MEANS AB&ON+ US4 ,IT ALSO HAPP5S1 & ?IS IS P]HAPS WORSE1 ?AT 9 WANT+ TO FOLL[ HIS IDEAL ( ! SUP]MAN1 SO DISPROPORTIONATE 9 RELATION TO ! =CES FI<T+ AGA9/ A T]RIBLY M$IOCRE REALITY1 A K9D ( *ILDI% PRIDE SEIZES HOLD ( \R COMRADE & ISOLATES HIM 9 A /]ILE & LIMIT$ 0CULT ( ! SELF40 

,DESPITE !SE RES]VATIONS1 ONE CAN'T HELP BUT SEE 9 HIM AN 9ITIATOR4 ,HE CAUSES US TO ?9K & TO LIVE4 ,& = ?OSE :O1 ?ANKS TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( !IR CRITICAL SPIRIT1 KN[ H[ TO REMA9 FAI?FUL TO !MSELVES1 !RE >E SO MANY F]TILE RI*ES 9 HIS OEUVRE4 

,APPLI$ TO SOCIAL PROBLEMS HIS PHILOSOPHY ALL 9 ALL IS NOT V]Y ORIG9AL4 ,IT IS NO?+ BUT ,SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM EXPRESS$ ) A S+UL> QUALITY ( ?\<T & /YLE4 ,& :AT WAS SOMETIMES CALL$ BY ?IS NAME IS NO?+ BUT A WELL-WORN !ORY PROP] TO ! OLD SOCIETY1 9 :I* MAN EXPLOITS HIS FELL[ MAN1 A CONCEPT ,D>W9 NEV] =MULAT$1 QUITE ! CONTR>Y4 

0,MAN IS WOLF TO MAN10 ,HOBBES SAID 9 ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY4 ,IT HAS BE5 REPEAT$ 9 \R TIME BY TRANSPOS+ TO ! SOCIAL REALM ! PR9CIPLE ( ! /RUGGLE = LIFE & NATURAL SELECTION--! SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/--& BY ! IDEA ?AT ! 9EQUALITIES & MIS]IES PRODUC$ BY ! UNAVOIDABLE & B5EFIC5T NATURAL LAWS W]E ! CONDITIONS = ALL =MS ( PROGRESS4 ,KROPOTK9 WROTE HIS DECISIVE BOOK ,MUTUAL ,AID3 ,A ,FACTOR ( ,EVOLUTION 9 ORD] TO CONTE/ ?IS !SIS1 SUPPORT$ 9 ,5GL& BY ,HUXLEY4 ,H]E IS HIS DEMON/RATION3 ,IT IS NOT ?R\< 9T]NEC9E /RUGGLE ?AT SPECIES PROGRESS1 BUT ?R\< ASSOCIATION 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ NATURE4 ,D>W9 HIMSELF WROTE3 0,!RE IS NO /RUGGLE BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS ( ! SAME SPECIES1 EXCEPT 9 CASES ( P5URY OR SEXUAL COMPETITION40 ,& EV5 9 ! LATT] CASE ! /RUGGLE (T5 ASSUMES ASPECTS ( EMULATION ?AT EXCLUDE ANY REC\RSE TO VIOL5CE1 BECAUSE IT IS USELESS & DECEPTIVE4 ,WOLVES1 TIG]S1 & %>KS ONLY DEV\R EA* 9 CASES :]E HUNG] HAS !M 9 ITS GRIP1 BECAUSE IF ?IS W]E TO HAPP5 !Y W\LD DISAPPE> FROM ! FACE ( ! E>? TO MAKE ROOM = O!R SPECIES MORE CAPABLE ( FRAT]NITY & PEACE4 

,IF MAN WAS ABLE TO LEAVE HIS CAVE1 :]E HE W\LD PASS ! NI<T = FE> ( BEA/S1 IT IS BECAUSE M5 MUTUALLY DAILY ASSI/$ EA* O!R OV] ! C\RSE ( MANY C5TURIES4 ,IT IS = ?IS SAME REASON ?AT CIVILIZATION SURVIV$ /UPIDLY CRIM9AL W>S & PROGRESS WAS ABLE TO RESUME4 ,FRATRICIDAL /RUGGLES P]IODICALLY DEVA/ATE HUMANITY4 ,TOMORR[ ! LATT] WILL COME \T ( ! CURR5T TRAG$Y ILL1 IMPOV]I%$1 CONVALESC5T1 & SLUGGI%1 BUT ASSEMBL+ ! M5 :O WILL TAKE UP LIFE AGA92 TAKE UP ! GOOD & HEAL?Y /RUGGLE TO MAKE !MSELVES BETT] & HAPPI]4 ,! IMM5SE CRIME ?AT IS CURR5TLY BE+ COMMITT$ WILL NOT TE/IFY AGA9/ ! LAW ( MUTUAL AID1 LIKE MADNESS AGA9/ REASON4 ,IMP]IALISM REMA9S REFUT$ BY ! FACTS1 & ?IS %\LD NOT BE =GOTT51 :ATEV] ! PRE/IGE 9 \R EYES ( ! POET :O DEF5DS IT4 

#e4 ,DIONYSUS--,CONCLUSION 

  

,M5 HAVE ALWAYS LOV$ SYMBOLS4 ,:5 !Y CONCEIVE ! GR&EUR & ! POT5TIAL BEAUTY ( !IR LIVES !Y LOVE TO IMAG9E P]FECT =MS ?AT >E SO ALIVE ?AT !Y IMM$IATELY SURPASS M$IOCRE REALITY4 ,?IS CEASELESSLY R5EW$ CREATION ( !IR ET]NAL DIV9ITIES OCCURS 9 ! MO/ CLE>-SI<T$ 9DIVIDUALS4 ,H[ CAN ONE NOT 9C>NATE 9 DREAM IMAGES LOVE1 JOY1 HOPE1 ! VICTORY ( LIV+1 & LIFE ITSELF ) ITS MANY SID]EAL1 T]RE/RIAL1 HUMAN RI*ES8 ,BUT ! PEOPLE :O 0AB\ND 9 ALLEGORIES10 9 ! HI<E/ SYMBOLS1 9 POETS ]ECT IMMACULATE & PRIMITIVE /ATUES ?AT EXPRESS MAN'S IDEAL 9 A SIMPLE FA%ION4 ,NIETZS*E CON/RUCT$ HIS [N1 ANCI5T BUT REJUV5AT$ BY ! GIFT ( HIS F]V5TLY MOD]N SPIRIT & CALL$ IT1 9 ,GREEK1 ,DIONYSUS4 

,! GREATE/ ( ALL LOV]S ( LIFE HAD TO *OOSE AMONG ! ANCI5T GODS1 :O WILL NEV] COMPLETELY DIE1 = BEL[ MY/ICAL LIES & DE=MATIONS !Y 9C>NATE ASPECTS ( NATURE 9 HUMAN1 ?\< H]OIC1 FIGURES4 ,WE MI<T SAY ?AT HE HAD TO *OOSE ! ONE AMONG !M :O WAS ! P]SONIFICATION ( ! HEAL?Y JOY 9 EXI/+4 ,9 OPPOSITION TO ! CULTS ?AT DISDA9$ & CONDEMN$ PHYSICAL LIFE1 ,DIONYSUS EXALT$ IT )\T IMPOV]I%+ IT1 ) NOBILITY & H>MONY4 ,WE CAN IMAG9E HIM AS A MOCK+ A?LETE :O1 9 ONE ( ?OSE G>D5S :]E ,EPICURUS 9VIT$ HIS Y\NG FRI5DS1 SURR\ND$ BY NAK$ Y\NG WOM51 POETS1 & SAGES1 RAISES A CUP ( TA/Y W9E ?R\< A RAY ( SUNLI<T4 ,& ?IS W9E ( ,DIONYSUS IS ! JUICE ( ALL ! FRUITS ( ! E>?1 ! PLEASURE (F]$ TO ALL1 :I* IT IS NECESS>Y TO :OLEHE>T$LY ACCEPT4 ,DIONYSUS TAU<T ! BEAUTY ( C>NAL LOVE1 ( FOOTRACES & WRE/L+1 ( DANC+ & S++1 ( EPIC ADV5TURE & SIL5T M$ITATION4 ,BE COMPLETE1 LIVE FULLY1 DON'T BE AFRAID TO SUFF] 9 ORD] TO 5JOY COMPLETELY & Y\ WILL BE LIKE ,DIONYSUS1 ! MAN-GOD :O LAU<S & GIVES )\T MEASURE1 FREE UND] ! LIB]AT$ SKIES4 

,! BEAUTIFUL1 VICTORI\S HUMAN BEA/1 9TELLIG5T1 DE/9$ = ! ORIG9AL SPR+S ( ! H>% & TONIC LIFE NATURE GRANTS ! /RONG1 ?IS IS :AT ! SUP]MAN WILL BE4 ,& AFT] ALL1 IS IT IMPORTANT ?AT ,NIETZS*E MISUND]/OOD SOME ESS5TIAL PHILOSOPHICAL TRU?S1 ?AT HE SOMETIMES ]R$ CONC]N+ MEANS & 5DS1 ?AT HE WAS PASSIONATELY UNJU/8 ,N[ ?AT CRITICS HAVE DI/+UI%$ BETWE5 RETROGRADE & TRUE IDEALISM 9 HIS OEUVRE1 WE HAVE NO NE$ FE> BE+ S$UC$ BY HIS ]RORS4 ,LET US /OP BE=E ! /ATUE ( ,DIONYSUS & ?9K AB\T ! TEA*+S HE LEFT TO US & :I* MU/ REMA9 444 

,BE FREE 444 0,A FREE LIFE REMA9S OP5 TO GREAT S\LS10 

,BE WILLFUL 444 0,O ,WILL1 ?\ *ANGE ( EV]Y NE$ ,M,Y NE$FULNESS6 ,SP>E ME = ONE GREAT VICTORY60 ,YEA1 SOME?+ 9VULN]ABLE1 UNBURIABLE IS ) ME1 SOME?+ ?AT W\LD R5D ROCKS ASUND]2 IT IS CALL$ ,M,Y ,W,I,L,L4 ,SIL5TLY DO? IT PROCE$1 & UN*ANG$ ?R\<\T ! YE>S40 

,BE G5]\S6 ,BE H>% T[>D Y\RSELVES 9 ORD] TO /R5G!N Y\RSELVES & TO LAT] GIVE Y\RSELF )\T MEASURE4 0,I BELIEVE Y\ CAPABLE ( ALL WICK$NESS & = ?IS ,I ASK Y\ TO BE GOOD40 

,5JOY LIFE6 ,) PRIDE1 ) BEAUTY4 ,LOVE ELEVAT$ LIFE2 SAVOR IT 9T5SELY4 0,S5SUAL PLEASURE IS1 = FREE HE>TS1 SOME?+ 9NOC5T1 LIKE ! SONG ( T]RE/RIAL JOY2 IT'S ! OV]FL[+ RECOGNITION ( ! FUTURE BY ! PRES5T40 0,! DESIRE = DOM9ATION ?AT RISES 9 ! PURE & ! SOLIT>Y1 ATTRACT+ !M TO ! HEI<TS ( !IR [N SATISFACTION1 >D5T LIKE A LOVE ?AT WILL TRACE 9 ! HEAV5S S$UCTIVE & DAZZL+ JOYS40 ,OH1 :O WILL F9D ! TRUE NAME ) :I* TO BAPTIZE & HONOR SU* A DESIRE8 0,A VIRTUE ?AT GIVES2 IT IS ?US ?AT ,Z>A?U/RA ONE DAY NAM$ ?IS 9EXPRESSIBLE AB/RACTION40 

,BE EGOI/S6 ,Z>A?U/RA 0PRAIS$ EGOISM1 ! GOOD & HEAL?Y EGOISM BORN ( A P[]FUL S\L1 UNIT$ ) A SVELTE1 BEAUTIFUL1 VICTORI\S & COM=T+ BODY >\ND :I* EV]Y?+ IS A REFLECTION4 ,! AGILE BODY ?AT P]SUADES1 ! DANC] :OSE SYMBOL & EXPRESSION IS ! S\LS HAPPY ) ITSELF4 ,! SELFI% PLEASURE ( SU* BODIES1 ( SU* S\LS1 IS CALL$ VIRTUE4 

0,) :AT ?IS EGOI/ PLEASURE SAYS ( GOOD & EVIL1 IT PROTECTS ITSELF AS IF IT SURR\ND$ ITSELF ) A SACR$ =E/1 ) ! WORDS ( ITS SPEE* IT REPUDIATES F> FROM HIM EV]Y?+ ?AT HAS NO VALUE40 

,C]TA9LY1 SU* AN EGOISM HAS NO?+ BASE AB\T IT & IS SO P[]FUL & HEAL?Y ?AT ITS FRUITS WILL NECESS>ILY BE GREAT GOODNESS1 ! FRAT]NAL 9/9CT1 & PR(\ND LOVE CAPABLE ( SACRIFICE4 ,S9CE IT ALWAYS SEEKS ITS [N SATISFACTION1 ?IS IS ! V]Y PR9CIPLE ( ! 9EVITABLE EGOISM ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO FULLY KN[4 ,BUT :ILE ! MAN )\T /R5G? ONLY 5C\NT]S SATISFACTION 9 ! JEAL\S DEF5SE ( ! LIMITS ( HIS M$IOCRITY1 ! SUP]IOR MAN F9DS IT 9 ! DIS9T]E/$ GIFT ( HIS P[]4 ,*RI/ ALL[$ HIMSELF TO BE CRUCIFI$1 S9CE HIS S\L'S HI<E/ SATISFACTION WAS 9 ABSOLUTE SACRIFICE4 

,SU* A DESIRE CANNOT BE CONFUS$ ) ?AT ( ! WRET*ES :O1 NOT DOM9AT+ !MSELVES1 ?9K !Y CAN RULE BY ! :IP4 ,A WILL LIKE ?IS ONE DEM&S FULL FRE$OM = ALL4 ,A G5]OSITY LIKE ?IS ONE CANNOT ACCEPT S]VITUDE4 

,IF ,NIETZS*E1 L$ BY HIS PASSIONATE TEMP]AM5T TO EXTREMES ?R\< ! ABUSE ( HIS EXALT$ DIALECTIC1 DIDN'T WANT ?IS TO BE ! CASE1 IT IS UP TO US1 FREE 9VE/IGATORS1 TO APPROA* HIS OEUVRE & RETA9 = \R $IFICATION ONLY ?OSE TEA*+S ?AT >E WOR?:ILE4 

,HE WAS \R 5EMY4 ,SO BE IT4 ,HE HIMSELF SAID TO US3 0,DESIRE P]FECT 5EMIES40 

,! /RUGGLE ) !M IS MORE BEAUTIFUL1 MORE F]TILE4 ,ONE CAN FRAT]NIZE ) 0P]FECT0 5EMIES4 0,Y\ %\LD HAVE NO?+ BUT 5EMIES WOR?Y ( HATR$ & NOT ( SCORN2 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT Y\ BE PR\D ( Y\R 5EMIES40 

,HE WAS ! PHILOSOPH] ( VIOL5CE & AU?ORITY1 BUT LIKE US HE FELT AN IMM5SE LOVE = LIFE & KN[L$GE1 ! 9V9CIBLE DESIRE TO FI<T = HIS CAUSE1 DISGU/ = ! CURR5T SOCIAL ORD] & ! RULE ( ! M$IOCRE TO :I* WE >E DESC5D+4 ,HE FELT ! NE$ TO DE/ROY OLD IDEAS & ?+S1 TO ASSI/ 9 DE/ROY+ :AT IS COLLAPS+ SO ?AT WE CAN !N BE REBORN4 

,9 ADDITION TO ! EXAMPLE ( HIS BOLDNESS AS A ?9K]1 HE TAU<T US ! HORROR ( ! M$IOCRE LIFE1 ! PRIDE 9 SUFF]+ NOBLY1 ! CULT ( WILL & JOY4 

,HIS PRODIGI\S TAL5T = EXPRESSION (T5 VIVIFI$ ! IDEAS WE S]VE4 ,HE WAS S9C]E & P[]FUL4 ,AT TIMES HE WAS \R FELL[-TRAVEL]1 & P]HAPS AT ?OSE MOM5TS ! BE/ ( HIS S\L REVEAL$ ITSELF TO BE TOO V>I$ & COMPLICAT$4 ,HIS LIFE'S PA? WAS PA9FUL4 ,R>E >E ! ?9K]S :O SUFF]$ SU* A CURSE4 ,MISUND]/OOD1 UNRECOGNIZ$1 ALONE1 ISOLAT$ 9 HIS ?\<T AS 9 HIS DAILY EXI/5CE & SICK1 SOMETIMES DESPAIR+1 BUT ALWAYS ABLE TO MA/] HIMSELF4 ,= T5 YE>S HE W&]$ >\ND A DES]T$ ,EUROPE1 :]E HE SAW NO?+ WOR?Y ( BE+ LOV$ OR S]V$4 ,HIS VOICE1 :I* W\LD LAT] BE GREET$ AS ?AT ( A PROPHET1 WAS LO/ ) NO E*OES4 ,NO ONE PAID ATT5TION TO ?IS GREAT WALK] ) HIS BROAD =EHEAD :O WAS NO?+ MORE ?AN A ?9K]4 

,AFT] ?OSE T5 YE>S ( BE+ UPROOT$1 MADNESS RUL$ HIM 9 HIS ISOLATION4 ,& IRONICALLY1 HE :O WROTE SU* MAGNIFIC5T PAGES ON VOLUNT>Y DEA? SURVIV$ HIS 9TELLIG5CE BY T5 YE>S4 ,9 TRU?1 HE WROTE ) HIS BLOOD4 

,= HIS OEUVRE1 SO P[]FUL 9 !SE TIMES ( PALE M$IOCRITY2 = HIS ABSOLUTE S9C]ITY 9 !SE TIMES ( HYPOCRISY2 = HIS PASSION 9 !SE TIMES ( C[>DICE2 ?R\< HIS ORIG9ALITY 9 !SE TIMES ( UNI=MITY2 = HIS SAD 5D AS A ?9K]2 = HIS SAD 5D AS A MADMAN1 ,I LOVE HIM4 ,& ,I LI/5 TO & AM L>GELY 9SPIR$ BY HIS OEUVRE4 ,BUT ,I DON'T FOLL[ HIM4 ,IMITAT+ HIS EXAMPLE AS A CRITIC & FREE-?9K] ,I ONLY ASK HIM = ASSI/ANCE 9 F9D+ MY TRU?4 

,I HAVE NO ILLUSIONS CONC]N+ ! VALUE ( HIS PREJUDICES & ,I DON'T CLOSE MY EYES TO HIS ]RORS4 ,HE LOOK$ M5 & ?+S 9 ! EYE ) A REBEL'S 9SOL5CE & LACK ( RESPECT4 ,& H[ HE W\LD HAVE DESPIS$ ! BL9DNESS ( ?OSE :O TODAY WANT TO SET UP A VA9 CULT TO HIM1 BECAUSE ?IS MA/] WANT$ NO DISCIPLES4 

,9 5D+1 ,I RECALL ! WORDS ( ,Z>A?U/RA TO ?OSE :O ?\<T !Y UND]/OOD HIM3 0,N[ ,I ORD] Y\ TO AB&ON ME & TO F9D Y\RSELVES40 

7,ORIG9ALLY APPE>$ 9 ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD #c#e#i-#f#i1 ,AUGU/-,DECEMB] #a#i#a#g7 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ce -- ,ADD$4 

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