,*APT] #c 
,! ,COMMUN>DS 

#aihaih 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,VICTOR ,S]GE 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,COMMUN>DS 

  

,M,>,* 444 ,& ,N,[ ,R,E,T,U,R,N,S ,! ,A,N,N,I,V,],S,>,Y ,( ,M,A,D ,H,O,P,E,S1 ,( ,! FURI\S IMPULSES & BUT*]IES ( ! ,COMMUNE1 \R LA/ ATTEMPT AT REVOLUTION4 ,=TY-ONE YE>S AFT] ! FRI<T5+ EXP]I5CE ! SAME ILLUSIONS GIVE RISE 9 ! SAME PEOPLE TO ! SAME DANG]\S HOPES4 ,= IF1 AS ! PROV]B SAYS1 WE LIVE ON HOPE1 IT ALSO HAPP5S ?AT WE DIE ( IT2 ?AT = HIS DREAMS MAN GAMBLES ) HIS LIFE--& LOSES4 

,ONE ( ! HOPES MO/ DEEPLY ROOT$ 9 ! POPUL> SOIL IS ?AT 9 ! MAGIC VIRTUES ( 9SURRECTION4 ,?IS IS ONLY NATURAL4 ,IT IS D]IV$ FROM ! FEEL+ ( CONFID5CE 9SPIR$ BY =CE4 ,:AT IS =CE NOT CAPABLE (8 ,! PEOPLE1 :O SUFF] ITS RIGORS1 UPON :OM ! PRIVILEG$ & ADV5TURESS M9ORITIES DAILY EX]CISE !IR P[]1 LE>N 9 ?IS WAY ! IMMEASURABLE VALUE ( ! SOLID FI/1 ! SAB]1 & RUSE4 ,!SE >E ! MEANS BY :I* !Y >E TAM$ & !Y C\NT ON !SE ?+S ALONE TO HAVE ITS DAY & TIME4 ,!RE'S NO?+ SURPRIS+ 9 ! FACT ?AT SU* A FAI? %\LD PRES]VE ITS PRE/IGE DESPITE ! WOR/ LESSONS4 ,! BELIEF 9 REVOLUTION IS NO?+ BUT CONFID5CE 9 ! P[] ( BRUTE =CE1 A CONFID5CE VULG>IZ$ & DEPICT$ = ! USE ( ! CR[D4 ,A DEFEAT PRESAGES NO?+2 IT DOESN'T EXT+UI% ! HOPE = VICTORY 9 ! DEFEAT$4 ,! ,COMMUNE DI$ 9 #ahga UND] ,GALLIFET'S BOOT8 ,WELL1 ,LONG ,LIVE ! ,9SURRECTION6 

,IT ISN'T ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ! POPUL> CR[D ?AT EXPRESSES ITSELF 9 ?IS WAY1 BUT ITS 9/9CT1 & ?IS IS :Y REASON+ HAS NO MORE SUCCESS ) !SE BELIEV]S ?AN ! CO/LY EXP]I5CES ( YE/]DAY & ! DAY BE=E4 

,HAVE !RE BE5 MORE CONCLUSIVE EXP]I5CES8 ,REVOLUTIONS HAVE NEV] A*IEV$ !IR GOALS4 ,!Y HAVE SOMETIMES 0SUCCE$$10 BUT 9 REALITY !Y HAVE NEI!R DE/ROY$ :AT !Y WANT$ TO DE/ROY NOR CON/RUCT$ ANY?+ NEW OR BETT]4 ,9 FACT1 !Y'VE ONLY SUCCE$$ :5 B\RGEOIS LIB]ALS & 9TRIGU]S HAVE JO9$ ! 9SURG5T PEOPLE4 ,)\T ! ASSI/ANCE ( !SE =CES 9SURRECTIONS 9V>IABLY FAIL4 ,IT WAS BECAUSE AT ! LA/ MOM5T !Y W]E AB&ON$ BY ! WEAL?Y 0MOD]ATES0 ?AT ! REBELS ( ,MOSC[ 9 #aie W]E CUT TO PIECES DESPITE !IR H]OISM2 & IT'S BECAUSE ! REPUBLICAN PETITE B\RGEOISIE DIDN'T AGREE TO BACK IT ?AT ! ,B>CELONA UPRIS+ WAS PUT D[N 9 ?REE DAYS4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY1 ! WORK+ PEOPLE & ! MASSES1 LACK NOT ONLY ! ORGANIZATIONAL QUALITIES & ! KN[L$GE NECESS>Y = ! SUCCESS ( A POLITICAL--& EV5 MORE1 A SOCIAL--UPHEAVAL1 BUT EV5 MORE1 !Y >E LACK+ 9 ! RES\RCES1 M5 & MONEY4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT A REVOLUTION CAN TRIUMPH ) ! COOP]ATION ( %OP [N]S1 LIB]AL & SYMPA!TIC PHILAN?ROPI/S1 LAWY]S1 & A FEW P]SPICACI\S BANK]S4 ,BUT !SE MESSIEURS WILL ONLY 9T]V5E IF !Y HAVE GOOD REASON TO DO SO2 9 G5]AL1 !Y SNAT* ! MOVEM5T4 ,& :5 FRI5DS >E 9/ALL$ 9 CITY HALL1 ! B>RACKS1 ! T[N HALLS PROMIS+ DECISIVE RE=MS AS IS RI<T1 ! GAME HAS BE5 WON4 ,BUT BY :OM8 

,IS ?IS NOT ! ABRIDG$ HI/ORY ! REC5T ,PORTUGUESE REVOLUTION8 ,! PROLET>IANS ( ,LISBON & ,PORTO1 SOCIALI/ & AN>*I/1 :O PAID = ! REPUBLIC ) !IR P]SONS1 ONLY UND]/OOD !IR ROLE F\R MON?S LAT] :5 ! SOLDI]S ( ! NEW GOV]NM5T--!IR SONS--FIR$ ON !M4 ,EXACTLY LIKE ! OLD ONE4 ,BUT :Y 9SI/8 ,IS ?IS NOT ! SYN!SIS ( ! HI/ORY ( ! MO/ FAM\S REVOLUTION1 ( ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ( :I* ALL ?AT IS LEFT >E SOME REFRA9S3 0,AH1 CA IRA1 CA IRA 4440 SWIP$ BY A BRILLIANT B&IT1 BY M5 :O W]E SOLDI]S BY *ANCE1 & BY SPEE*MAK]S 444 

,& YET ! ,COMMUNE WAS ! 0,GREAT F$]ATION ( PA910 AS ,JULES ,VALLES SAID4 ,& IF IT DIDN'T HAVE A G5]AL /AFF SPECIALIZ$ 9 ORGANIZATION & SOCIAL W> TO GUIDE IT T[>D A PROPITI\S DE/9Y1 IT HAD /RATEGI/S1 SEV]AL ( :OM HAD GONE TO ! EXCELL5T S*OOL ( ,BLANQUI--! TRUE ,IMPRISON$ ,ONE--& IT CAME AT ! RI<T MOM5T1 RI* 9 HORRORS1 BACK$ BY ! ANG] ( A POPULATION DESOLAT$ BY W> HAV+ A DISORGANIZ$ GOV]NM5T TO FI<T4 ,IT WAS H]OIC1 /UBBORN1 ! F$]ATION ( PA9S1 & H]OICALLY 9COMPET5T4 

,IT WAS TYPICAL3 HUMANIT>IAN DESPITE ! W> & AS IF W> CAN BE MADE BY HALF2 HONE/1 AS \R REVOLUTION>IES BRAG ( BE+1 = :OM !RE IS NO WORSE 9SULT ?AN BE+ CONFUS$ ) 0CROOKS02 HONE/ & RESPECTFUL ( ! MONEY ( O!RS1 A ?\S& TIMES MORE ?AN ! O!RS W]E ( ! LIVES ( ! ,COMMUN>DS2 FUTILE1 DIVID$ BY ! RIVALRIES ( IMPROMPTU G5]ALS & LEGISLATORS2 DIVID$ ALSO BY MI/RU/1 ?\< !Y HADN'T YET 9V5T$ ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SECURITY =CE2 H]OIC1 TO BE SURE1 & ADMIRABLY SO 444 ,BUT CAN ! PEOPLE DO BETT]8 ,LACK+ 9 $UCATION1 NOT US$ TO ?9K+1 NOT KN[+ H[ TO C\NT ON !MSELVES1 NE$+ = ! LEA/ EF=T TO BE 9 GR\PS1 L$1 F$]AT$--ALAS--C\LD ! WORK]S & BEGG>S ( #aiab DO BETT]8 ,!Y W\LD /ILL HAVE ! RES\RCE ( BRAVELY1 UNBL9K+LY HAV+ !MSELVES KILL$ = !IR BEAUTIFUL DREAM4 ,!Y'LL HAVE ONLY ?AT RES\RCE 444 

,BECAUSE !Y >5'T ! /RONGE/4 ,BECAUSE !IR REAL 5EMIES >E )9 !M2 !IR 9CONSI/5CY1 !IR S5TIM5TALITY1 !IR IGNORANCE PLACES !M AT ! M]CY ( AVID SOLDI]S1 FI]CE POLITICIANS1 & L\DM\?S4 ,A SOCIETY IS A COMPLEX ORGANISM ?AT TAKES C5TURIES TO =M1 TO P]FECT ITSELF & ?AT ONLY SUCCE$S 9 DO+ SO BY ABSORB+ C\NTLESS 5]GIES1 COMPET5CIES1 & TAL5TS4 ,Y\ W\LD LIKE TO REMAKE ?IS WORK 9 A FEW DAYS1 Y\ RACE ( 0S]FS0 & 0VILLE9S0 9 :OM ! RELIGI\S & AU?ORIT>IAN PA/ LEFT A DURABLE IMPR9T8 ,IF Y\ C>ESS ?IS DREAM O!R F$]ES WILL PASS BE=E ! WALL6 

,& WE WILL P]HAPS ADMIRE !M1 BUT WE WON'T FOLL[ !M4 ,MORE ?AN !Y1 BECAUSE WE >E MORE CONSCI\S1 WE HAVE A PR(\ND LOVE ( LIFE & ! 9V9CIBLE DESIRE TO TAKE \R P>T ( ! FEA/S ! SUN4 ,BUT 9 ORD] TO BECOME /RONG] WE HAVE TO BECOME MORE CIRCUMSPECT1 & WE HAVE PLAC$ \R GOALS H]E & NOT 9 ! BEYOND1 9 ! REALITY ( \R 9DIVIDUAL LIVES & NOT 9 ! FICTION 0HUMANITY40 

,MAN MU/ LIVE 9/EAD ( GIV+ HIMSELF1 (F]+ HIMSELF 9 A HOLOCAU/ TO ! ,DREAM6 ,LET HIS C\RAGE ALL[ F9ALLY TO BECOME A FREE MAN1 >D5T & NOBLE1 9/EAD ( SUCCUMB+ AS A VA9 H]O TO 7P]HAPS7 MODIFY ! NAME ( A TYRANNY4 ,& IF HE FALLS1 IT'S BETT] ?AT HE DO SO ON HIS [N ACC\NT4 ,& IF HE SUCCE$S1 HIS LIFE AS A REBEL WILL CONTRIBUTE TO ! EVOLUTION ( ! SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T AT LEA/ AS MU* AS ! DEA?S ( ! O!RS4 

7L'AN>*IE1 ,M>* #b#h1 #a#i#a#b7 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aig 3 ,*APT] #c -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #c -- ,ADD$4 

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