,AN>*I/S ,9 ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 

#aihf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,SAM ,DOLG(F 

,TAGS 3 AN>*I/S 9 ! SPANI% REVOLUTION1 COLLECTIVES 9 ! SPANI% REVOLUTION1 MEMB]S ( ! CNT1 ROLE ( AN>*I/S1 W> AGA9/ FASCISM1 SPANI% REVOLUTION1 POLITICAL P>TIES1 GOV]NM5TAL P>TICIPATION1 GA/ON LEVAL1 NATIONAL COMMITTEE4 

,TEXT 3 

,C,O,N,T,R,O,V,],S,Y3 ,A,N,>,*,I,/,S ,9 ,! ,S,P,A,N,I,% ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N 

BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F 

  

,PHOTO BY ,SIMON1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE  
,9 #a#i#g#d1 OR E>LY #a#i#g#e1 ,I REVIEW$ 9 ! ,5GLI% AN>*I/ PAP] ,FRE$OM 
A BOOK BY ,C>LOS ,SEMPRUN ,MAURA1 ,REVOLUTION & ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION 9  
,CATALONIA 7,FR5* $ITION74 ,9 MY REVIEW ,I CRITICIZ$ BO? ,SEMPRUN ,MAURA  
& ,V]NON ,RI*>DS' BOOK ,LESSONS ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION = PRES5T+  
A DI/ORT$1 OV]-SIMPLIFI$ 9T]PRETATION ( EV5TS- A SC5>IO4 ,?IS  
PROVOK$ A HEAT$ REJO9D] FROM ,RI*>DS 7?REE OR F\R >TICLES 9  
,FRE$OM74 

,OV] =TY YE>S AFT] ! TRAGIC DEFEAT ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION - #aicf  
TO #aici - ! QUE/ION ( AN>*I/ P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,REPUBLICAN  
GOV]NM5T & ! ROLE ( AN>*I/S 9 A REVOLUTION IS A FUNDAM5TAL  
PROBLEM /ILL DEBAT$- /ILL RELEVANT4 ,I 9CLUDE MY POLEMIC ) ,RI*>DS  
9 !SE MEMOIRS BECAUSE ( ! EMOTIONAL IMPACT ( !SE /ORMY YE>S &  
! GREAT EXT5T TO :I* !SE EV5TS 9FLU5C$ MY ?9K+ & !  
C\RSE ( MY LIFE4 

,S9CE ,RI*>DS' MA9 S\RCE = HIS CRITICISM ( ! ANTI-AN>*I/  
POLICIES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I GOV]NM5TAL P>TICIPATION - >E !  
ANTI-P>TICIPATION HI/ORIANS ,JOSE ,PEIRATS & ,GA/ON ,LEVAL 7,LEVEL'S  
,COLLECTIVES 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION WAS TRANSLAT$ BY ,RI*>DS71 ,I  
REF]1 9 ! MA91 TO BO? ,PEIRATS & ,LEVAL TO REFUTE HIS CONT5TIONS4  
,RI*>DS WRITES LIKE A PROSECUT+ ATTORNEY1 BUT ,I DO NOT CONSID] MYSELF  
A LAWY] = ! DEF5SE4 ,NO ONE CAN BE ALTOGE!R OBJECTIVE BUT ,I HAVE  
DONE MY BE/ TO PRES5T A WELL-DOCUM5T$1 IMP>TIAL ANALYSIS ( !  
ISSUES 9VOLV$4 

,BO? ,SEMPRUN ,MAURA'S & ,RI*>DS' 0BETE NOIR0 IS ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I  
0BUREAUCRACY40 ,= !M1 ! 0BUREAUCRACY0 IS TO A GREAT EXT5T  
RESPONSIBLE = ! DEFEAT ( ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION4 ,?AT A 0FEW  
(FICIALS BECAME 9FECT$ ) ! VIRUS ( P[]0 7AS ,LEVAL PUTS IT7 IS  
TRUE 5\<4 ,BUT TO *>GE ?AT ! ,C,N,T DEG5]AT$ 9TO A VIRTUAL  
BUREAUCRATIC DICTATOR%IP IS A GROSS EXAGG]ATION1 BORD]+ ON SL&]4 

,RI*>DS' ATTEMPT TO REFUTE MY /ATEM5T ?AT ! ,C,N,T WAS SO /RUCTUR$ AS  
TO R$UCE ! DANG] ( BUREAUCRACY TO A M9IMUM ONLY %[S ?AT HE DOES  
NOT KN[ :AT HE IS TALK+ AB\T4 ,HE 9ADV]T5TLY ADMITS ?AT HE HAS NO  
REAL EVID5CE TO SUB/ANTIATE ! EXI/5CE ( ! ALLEG$ 0BUREAUCRACY03  
0,I HAVE NEV] SE5 DETAIL$ ACC\NTS ( ! COMPOSITION .<( !  
BUREAUCRACY.>1 ITS ROLE1 OR :E!R .<! BUREAUCRATS.> >E PAID OR  
UNPAID44440 

,ABEL ,PAZ1 :O F\<T 9 ! ,REVOLUTION1 9 HIS EYEWITNESS ACC\NT1  
,DURRUTI3 ,! ,PEOPLE ,>M$ 7PP4 #b#d#d-#e71 TELLS H[ ,DURRUTI1 ALWAYS AL]T TO  
! DANG]S ( BUREAUCRACY1 9VE/IGAT$3 

444! NATIONAL HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,C,N,T W]E NOT C5TRALIZ$4 ,ALL !  
PEOPLE WORK+ 9 ! NATIONAL HEADQU>T]S & 9 ! ORGANIZATION W]E  
EMPLOY$1 NOT BY ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE1 BUT W]E ELECT$ BY &  
ACC\NTABLE TO ! PLANT ASSEMBLIES4 ,!Y W]E PAID NOT BY ! ,NATIONAL  
,COMMITTEE1 BUT BY 5T]PRISES 9 :I* !Y W]E EMPLOY$4444 

,BO? ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y1 :O ADM9I/]$ ! ,=EIGN ,9=MATION ,BUREAU (  
! ,C,N,T1 & ONE ( HIS C[ORK]S1 ,ABE ,BLUE/E91 ( ,NEW ,YORK1 TOLD ONE  
?AT EV]YONE WORK+ 9 ! ,NATIONAL ,HEADQU>T]S FROM RESPONSIBLE  
(FICIALS TO PORT]S & MA9T5ANCE WORK]S W]E PAID ! SAME EQUAL  
WAGES4 ,DURRUTI & O!RS :O 9VE/IGAT$ W]E CONV9C$ ?AT !RE WAS  
NO BUREAUCRACY 9 ! ,C,N,T ANY:]E4 

,! CONT5TION ?AT ! AN>*I/ 0LEAD]S0 JO9$ ! ,CATALAN  
0,G5]ALIDAD0 GOV]NM5T )\T CONSULT+ ! MEMB]S IS ALSO FALSE4  
,PEIRATS1 9 AN 9T]VIEW ) ,JOHN ,BRADEMAS 7#a#b ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#e#b7 9=M$  
HIM ?AT ! DECISION TO JO9 ! 0,G5]ALIDAD0 GOV]NM5T WAS ADOPT$ BY  
A VA/ MAJORITY VOTE 9 ! ,PL5UM ( ,LOCAL & ,DI/RICT ,F$]ATIONS4  
7,AN>*O-,SYNDLICALISM & ,REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA91 ,SPANI% TRANSLATION1 PP4  
#b#a#a1 #b#a#d74 

,AS ,I WRITE !SE L9ES ,I READ A REVIEW BY MY OLD FRI5D & COMRADE ,ABE  
,BLUE/E9 FUR!R EMPHASIZ+ ?IS PO9T3 

444& ,I SAW EQUALLY /RONG COMMITM5T TO AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES 9  
,B>CELONA4 ,I SAW A REGIONAL MEET+ ( ! ,C,N,T ) MORE ?AN #e  
REPRES5TATIVES AFFIRM ! POLICY ( P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! GOV]NM5T (  
,CATALONIA4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 !Y VOT$ TO CONT9UE F9ANCIAL SUPPORT TO  
! ,LIB]T>IAN ,Y\? ( ,CATALONIA :O OPPOS$ SU* GOV]NM5T  
COLLABORATION PUBLICLY 9 !IR UNC5SOR$ LEAFLETS & PAMPHLETS  
DI/RIBUT$ ?R\<\T ! CITY4 .<,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM ,NO4 #g1 ,P4 #i.> 

 ,! ACCUSATION ?AT !RE WAS NO CONTROL FROM BEL[ IS EMPHATICALLY  
D5I$ BY ,GA/ON ,LEVAL 9 HIS *APT] ON LIB]T>IAN DEMOCRACY4 ,LEVAL1  
AFT] DESCRIB+ 9 METICUL\S DETAIL ! DEMOCRATIC LIB]T>IAN  
PROC$URES EMB$D$ 9 ! NATURE & /RUCTURE ( LIB]T>IAN  
ORGANIZATION1 DECL>ES ?AT LIB]T>IAN PROC$URES1 ! FULLE/ PEOPLE'S  
DIRECT GRASS-ROOTS DEMOCRACY1 W]E PRACTIC$ 

4449 ,A,L,L ! SYNDICATES ,?,R,\,<,\,T ,S,P,A,94 ,9 ,A,L,L TRADES &  
9DU/RIES4 ,9 ASSEMBLIES :I* 9 ,B>CELONA BR\<T TOGE!R - HUNDR$S  
( ?\S&S ( WORK]S4444 ,9 ,A,L,L ! COLLECTIVIZ$ VILLAGES444 :I*  
COMPRIS$ AT LEA/ #f.0 ( ,REPUBLICAN ,SPA9'S AGRICULTURE4 .<,COLLECTIVES 9  
! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 P4 #b#f- ,LEVAL'S EMPHASIS.> 

,9 ITS REPORT TO ! ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S'  
,ASSOCIATION 7,I,W,A-AN>*OSYNDICALI/71 ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T  
REFUT$ *>GES ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE VIOLAT$ AN>*I/ F$]ALI/  
PR9CIPLES BY IMPOS+ ITS [N DECISIONS ON ! RANK-&-FILE LOCAL &  
REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! DECISION TO JO9 ! ,CATALAN GOV]NM5T  
0,G5]ALIDAD0 WAS RATIFI$ BY PL5UMS ( LOCAL1 DI/RICT & REGIONAL  
COMMITTEES 9 ,AUGU/ #aicf & ! DECISION TO JO9 ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T  
WAS RATIFI$ 9 A NATIONAL PL5UM ( REGIONS 9 ,MADRID ON #bh ,SEPTEMB]  
#aicf 7! ,C,N,T ACTUALLY 5T]$ ! GOV]NM5T ON #f ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#f74 ,FROM #ai  
,JULY #aicf TO #bf ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#g1 SEV5TE5 REGIONAL PL5UMS & DOZ5S (  
LOCAL PL5UMS & DI/RICT F$]ATIONS W]E CALL$ AS WELL AS V>I\S  
REGIONAL CONGRESSES ( UNIONS4 7,SEE ,JOSE ,PEIRATS1 ,AN>*I/S 9 !  
,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 PP4 #a#h#e1 #a#h#f47 

,! REPLACEM5T ( ! BRUTAL PR(ESSIONAL POLICE1 ! ,CIVIL ,ASSAULT  
,GU>DS1 F> FROM BE+ AS ,RI*>DS CONT5DS AN 0444EXAMPLE ( A  
POLITICIZ$ BUREAUCRACY10 CON/ITUTES ONE ( ! TRULY GREAT A*IEVEM5TS  
( ! REVOLUTION4 ,HIS [N EVID5CE CONTRADICTS HIS *>GE ?AT !  
PATROLS RECEIV$ ORD]S FROM ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! PATROLS W]E *OS5 NOT  
BY ! GOV]NM5T BUT BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES3 0V>I\S ORGANIZATIONS &  
P>TIES1 ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 ,U,G,T ETC44440 7,RI*>DS7 

,RI*>DS & O!R CRITICS DO NOT SEEM TO GRASP ! MAGNITUDE ( !  
TRAGIC DILEMMA ( \R COMRADES1 ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S4 ,! LIB]T>IAN  
MOVEM5T WAS HOPELESSLY TRAPP$ BETWE5 ! CRUEL *OICE ( COLLABORATION  
) ITS ANTI-FASCI/ 5EMIES1 !REBY VIOLAT+ ! PR9CIPLES (  
AN>*ISM1 OR TRY+ TO E/ABLI% AN AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP OV] ALL !  
O!R ANTI-FASCI/ ORGANIZATIONS1 AN OBVI\S IMPOSSIBILITY & EV5  
GREAT] VIOLATION ( AN>*ISM1 OR ACCEPT+1 AT LEA/ P>TIALLY1 !  
AWESOME HI/ORIC RESPONSIBILITY = A FASCI/ VICTORY4 

,:AT ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I %\LD OR %\LD NOT HAVE DONE 9 SU* DESP]ATE  
CIRCUM/ANCES IS1 ( C\RSE1 DEBATABLE4 ,:AT IS NOT DEBATABLE IS ?AT  
!RE IS A DILEMMA4 ,I CRITICIZ$ ,SEMPRUN ,MAURA BECAUSE HE CALL$ ?IS1 !  
MO/ CRUCIAL PROBLEM ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 0A FALSE DILEMMA0 & ,I  
CRITICIZ$ ,RI*>DS BECAUSE HE LABEL$ IT 0,DOLG(F'S DILEMMA40 

0,DOLG(F'S DILEMMA0 IS1 H[EV]1 %>$ BY ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 ,JOSE ,PEIRATS &  
ALMO/ ALL O!R ANTICOLLABORATIONI/S AS WELL AS ALL RESPONSIBLE  
NON-AN>*I/ WRIT]S ON ,SPA94 ,LEVAL GRAPHICALLY PORTRAYS ! TRAGIC1  
HE>TBREAK+ SITUATION ?AT \R COMRADES HAD TO FACE F> MORE TRU?FULLY1  
) F> GREAT] UND]/&+ ?AN ,RI*>DS & ! 0PURE0 AN>*I/  
CRITICS3 

,ALL ?OSE AMONG ! AN>*I/S PREOCCUPI$ PRIM>ILY ) !  
REVOLUTION>Y QUE/ION OV]SIMPLIFI$ & OV]E/IMAT$ ! POLITICAL  
PROBLEM4 ,! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 !Y BELIEV$1 W\LD SWEEP AWAY ! /ATE  
& ! O!R 5TR5*$ AU?ORIT>IAN 9/ITUTIONS444 BUT !  
NECESSITY ( FI<T+ ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM UPSET !SE EXPECTATIONS4444 

,:ILE ! /ATE WAS SEV]ELY CRIPPL$ AFT] ! FASCI/ ATTACK ( #ai ,JULY  
#a#i#c#f1 IT WAS BY NO MEANS AS IMPOT5T AS IS G5]ALLY ASSUM$4 ,ALL !  
MA*9]Y ( ! /ATE WAS /ILL 9TACT2 ! M9I/RIES1 & !IR  
(FICIALS1 A POLICE =CE1 AN >MY ?\< WEAK5$1 & ! 5TR5*$  
BUREAUCRACY /ILL SURVIV$444 NOT)/&+ ! OV]-OPTIMISM ( !  
REVOLUTION>IES1 ! /ATE /ILL CON/ITUT$ AN EFFECTIVE =CE 9 MANY  
PROV9CES & CITIES444 IT WAS ONLY 9 ?REE OR F\R CITIES 7,B>CELONA  
WAS ! MO/ IMPORTANT7 ?AT ! AN>*I/S DOM9AT$ ! SITUATION1 &  
!N ONLY = ?REE OR F\R WEEKS444 IT IS !RE=E FALLACI\S TO  
ASSUME ?AT ! AN>*I/S W]E ! MA/]S ( ! SITUATION4444 

,ANO!R S]I\S PROBLEM WAS ?AT 9 ALL ( ,EA/]N ,SPA9 !RE W]E NO  
>MS FACTORIES1 NO RAW MAT]IALS1 NO IRON OR COAL4 ,! PR9CIPAL >MS  
FACTORIES W]E 9 FASCI/ T]RITORY4444 

,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT IT W\LD BE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT1 IF NOT IMPOSSIBLE1 TO  
MAKE ! ,REVOLUTION UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES444 IT BECAME NECESS>Y TO  
COLLABORATE ) \R ANTI-FASCI/ 5EMIES AGA9/ ! MU* MORE DANG]\S  
COMMON 5EMY4 ,WE C\LD NOT SWEEP AWAY ! POLITICAL P>TIES CONTROLL+  
! MUNICIPALITIES1 :O ) EQUAL F]VOR W]E FI<T+ ) !  
AN>*I/S AGA9/ FASCISM4 .<SEE ,LEVAL1 ,NI ,FRANCO- ,NE ,/AL91 PP4 #g#f1 #i#d.> 

,RI*>D IGNORES A MO/ REVEAL+ PASSAGE 9 ,PEIRATS' ,AN>*I/S 9 !  
,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 7,5GLI% TRANSLATION1 P4 #a#h#h73 

,WE ALL UND]/OOD P]FECTLY ?AT LEAD+ TO ! P]IOD ( COLLABORATION  
WAS A *A9 ( EV5TS ?AT PLAC$ ! ,C,N,T 9 A HELPLESS SITUATION444 !  
ONLY ALT]NATIVE ( ?OSE :O CONSI/5TLY OPPOS$ COLLABORATION ) !  
GOV]NM5T444 WAS A H]OIC DEFEAT444 !Y C\LD (F] NO SOLUTION ?AT  
W\LD SIMULTANE\SLY PRES]VE VICTORY 9 ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM2 PROGRESS  
9 ! REVOLUTION2 COMPLETE LOYALTY TO !IR IDEAS & ! PRES]VATION (  
!IR [N LIVES444 !Y LACK$ ! P[] TO P]=M MIRACLES444 .<MY  
EMPHASIS.> 

,! SITUATION WAS ALL ! MORE AGGRAVAT$ BY ! FACT ?AT ! MILLIONS (  
S9C]E RANK-&-FILE WORK]S1 SOCIALI/S BELONG+ TO ! ,SOCIALI/  
,P>TY-CONTROLL$ ,G5]AL ,WORK]S ,UNION 7,U,G,T71 REPUBLICANS1 ,CATALAN &  
,BASQUE SEP>ATI/S1 PETIT-B\RGEOIS PEASANT [N]S1 ETC41 BY F>  
\TNUMB]$ ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I MEMB]S4 ,GA/ON ,LEVAL EMPHASIZES ?IS PO9T3 

,! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION LIV+ 9 ! REPUBLICAN P>T ( ,SPA9  
W]E1 ABOVE ALL1 DOM9AT$ BY ! FE> ( A FASCI/ VICTORY4 ,!Y DID NOT  
UND]/& :Y ALL ! POLITICAL P>TIES & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS DID NOT  
CON/ITUTE A UNIT$ ANTI-FASCI/ FRONT REG>DLESS ( !IR IDEOLOGICAL  
DIFF]5CES4 ,! PEOPLE WANT$ ! ,C,N,T & ! MU* LESS IMPORTANT ,F,A,I TO  
JO9 ! UNIT$ FRONT GOV]NM5T :I* WAS1 = !M1 ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y  
TO GU>ANTEE ! DEFEAT ( FASCISM4444 .<,COLLECTIVES ,9 ! ,SPANI%  
,REVOLUTION1 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 P4 #c#b#b.> 

,NOR W]E ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T CONV9C$1 UNCOMPROMIS+ AN>*I/S4  
,!Y1 TOO1 9SI/$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T %\LD COLLABORATE ) ! ANTI-FASCI/ 
P>TIES & EV5 5T] ! GOV]NM5T4 ,ON ?IS IMPORTANT PO9T ,PEIRATS TAKES 
ISSUE ) ,RI*>DS3 0REALITIES >E & ALWAYS WILL BE MORE DECISIVE ?AN  
PHILOSOPHICAL SPECULATION4444 ,IT IS UNREALI/IC TO EXPECT ABSOLUTE  
FIDELITY TO PR9CIPLES 9 AN ORGANIZATION LIKE ! ,C,N,T1 NUMB]+ MILLIONS44440 

,LEVAL EXPLODES ! MY? ?AT ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 0BUREAUCRACY0 SUP9ELY  
CAPITULAT$ TO ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T3 

,! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 FIR/ ( ALL1 DID :AT !Y C\LD NOT TO GIVE  
9 .<JO9 ! GOV]NM5T-,S4,D4.>4 ,!Y W]E UND\BT$LY 9SPIR$ BY !IR  
TRADITIONAL OPPOSITION TO ALL GOV]NM5TALISM444 & ALL GOV]NM5T  
P>TIES4 ,BUT 9 ! FACE ( ! GR[+ DANG] .<FASCI/ VICTORY-,S4,D4.> !  
GREATE/ UNIFICATION POSSIBLE WAS NE$$4 ,!Y ?\<T UP A REVOLUTION>Y  
SOLUTION3 ! GOV]NM5T %\LD BE REPLAC$ BY A ,DEF5SE ,C\NCIL ( FIVE  
MEMB]S1 FIVE FROM ! ,U,G,T1 F\R FROM ! REPUBLICAN P>TIES1 FIVE MEMB]S  
( ! ,C,N,T4 ,9 ?IS WAY !Y S\<T TO MAKE CLE> ! SUPREMACY (  
WORK]S' SYNDICAL ORGANIZATIONS OV] ! POLITICAL P>TIES4 .<,IBID41 P4 #cbba 

,! ,C,N,T PROPOSAL WAS MADE NOT BY ! 0LEAD]S10 BUT ONLY AFT] ?OR\<  
DISCUSSION BY ! ,NATIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,REGIONS 9 ,MADRID1 #c ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#c#f4  
,! PROPOSAL WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,C,N,T & REPUBLICAN PRESS4 

,NE$LESS TO SAY ! PROPOSAL WAS REJECT$ BY ! #a1#b1 ,SOCIALI/  
,P>TY-CONTROLL$ LABOR UNION ,U,G,T & ALSO REJECT$ BY ! POLITICAL  
P>TIES4 ,LEVAL1 9 MY OP9ION1 WAS ABSOLUTELY RI<T 9 MAK+ A  
DI/9CTION BETWE5 AN ORD9>Y P>LIAM5T>IAN GOV]NM5T ( POLITICAL  
P>TIES & ONE CONDUCT$ BY A COALITION ( G5U9E LABOR ORGANIZATIONS1  
NOT BY ANY MEANS A P]FECT LIB]T>IAN SOLUTION1 BUT ONE 9 :I* WORK]S'  
ORGANIZATIONS C]TA9LY EX]CISE A GREAT] MEASURE ( CONTROL4 

,LEVAL ALSO NOTES ?AT ! SUCCESSFUL ORGANIZATION ( ! LIB]T>IAN  
COLLECTIVES WAS TO A GREAT EXT5T UND\BT$LY DUE TO ! FACT ?AT 9  
,GRANOLL]S1 ,G]ONA1 ,HOSPITALET1 ,VAL5CIA & MANY O!R C5T]S ! MAYORS  
W]E LIB]T>IANS & !Y EXP$IT$ SOCIAL TRANS=MATION 7IBID41 P4  
#b#h#a74 ,S9CE ! ,C,N,T WAS =C$ TO COLLABORATE ) O!R ANTI-FASCI/S 9  
VILLAGE1 MUNICIPAL & PROV9CIAL GOV]NM5TS1 IT /&S TO REASON ?AT IT  
WAS JU/ AS UNAN>*I/IC AS P>TICIPAT+ ,9 ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T4 ,IF  
,I W]E A CONSI/5T ANTI-COLLABORATIONI/ ,I W\LD OPPOSE COLLABORATION NOT  
ONLY 9 ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T BUT ALSO ITS SUBDIVISIONS1 )\T :I*  
ANY GOV]NM5T IS 9CONCEIVABLE4 

,LEVAL EV5 GOES SO F> AS TO DEF5D A LIB]T>IAN PROPOSAL TO E/ABLI% A  
NATIONAL /ATE F9ANC$ HEAL? 9SURANCE FUND3 

 ,?AT LIB]T>IANS %\LD HAVE ?\<T ( SU* A SOLUTION :I* IMPLIES  
! RECOGNITION ( ! EXI/5CE ( ! /ATE444 MAY SURPRISE - &  
%OCK ! !ORETICIANS :O IGNORE ! PRACTICAL FACTS4444 ,AS WE HAVE  
REPEAT$ MANY TIMES1 WE W]E 9 A MIX$ & MO/ COMPLICAT$ SITUATION 9  
:I* PRIVATE CAPITAL & 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY P]SI/$1 9 :I* !  
SOCIALIZ$ ECONOMY PAID TAXES1 ETC4444 ,9 ?IS SITUATION MANY ACTIVITIES  
ESCAP$ \R CONTROL4444 .<IBID41 P4 #b#g#c.> 

,9 RESPECT TO ! REFUSAL ( ! AN>*I/S TO 0TAKE P[]10 = :I* !  
,TROTSKYITES & ASSORT$ 0,M>XI/-,L59I/S0 ALSO CRITICIZ$ !M1 ,LEVAL  
REM>KS3 

,IT ONLY NE$S A MODICUM ( COMMON S5SE TO REALIZE ?AT IT WAS QUITE  
IMPOSSIBLE = US TO WAGE W> AGA9/ ! O!R ANTI-FASCI/ SECTORS :O  
W\LD NOT ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE WIP$ \T SO EASILY4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 A  
NONS5SE & A CRIME4444 .<IBID41 P4 #h#b.> 

,!SE QUOTATIONS 7& ! ANTI-P>TICIPATIONI/ LIT]ATURE IS FILL$ )  
MORE7 READ LIKE JU/IFICATIONS = GOV]NM5TAL P>TICIPATION4 ,!RE >E  
UND\BT$LY QUOTATIONS FROM ! SAME S\RCES REFUT+ SU* /ATEM5TS4 ,BUT  
!SE CONTRADICTIONS REFLECT ! TRAGIC DILEMMA ( \R VALIANT COMRADES4  
,:AT IS MO/ DI/URB+ IS ,RI*>DS' REFUSAL TO TAKE !SE FACTS 9TO  
ACC\NT1 9/EAD MISLEAD+ HIS READ]S BY CONCOCT+ A FALSE ACC\NT (  
! SITUATION 9 ,SPA93 SELECT+ & TWI/+ ONLY ! K9D ( 0FACTS0  
:I* SUPPORT HIS BASELESS >GUM5TS & ACCUSATIONS4 

,AL?\< BO? ,LEVAL & ,PEIRATS W]E /RONGLY OPPOS$ TO GOV]NM5TAL  
P>TICIPATION1 ! CASE = ! ,C,N,T P>TICIPATION POLICY C\LD NOT BE  
BETT] /AT$4 ,!IR WILL+NESS TO GIVE FULL CONSID]ATION TO POLICIES  
!Y DID NOT AGREE ) E>N$ MY LA/+ RESPECT4 ,I S9C]ELY REGRET ?AT  
,I C\LD NOT FEEL ! SAME WAY AB\T ,RI*>DS' %ABBY1 UNG5]\S  
PRES5TATION4 

,RI*>DS BELIEVES ?AT ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S1 9/EAD ( JO9+ !  
UNIT$ FRONT REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T1 %\LD HAVE AB&ON$ ! FI<T  
AGA9/ ,FRANCO FASCISM & LIV$ TO 0FI<T ANO!R DAY40 ,HE ADMITS ?AT 
0444SU* A C\RSE C\LD WELL HAVE 5D$ 9 DEFEAT 9 ! FIR/ FEW WEEKS40  
:5 IT WAS BY NO MEANS C]TA9 ?AT ! FASCI/S W\LD W9 & HOPES =  
F9AL VICTORY RAN HI<4 ,! AN>*I/S W\LD RI<TLY BE ACCUS$ (  
C[>DICE & HELD RESPONSIBLE = ! DISA/R\S DEFEAT BY ! MASSES :O  
AT ?AT TIME W]E BY NO MEANS READY TO SURR5D]4 

,RI*>DS HIMSELF ADMITS ?AT ! 0444REVOLUTION>Y EXPECTATIONS /ILL  
RAN HI< & ! PEOPLE /ILL >M$4440 

,?IS ABSURD /RATEGY IS BAS$ UPON ! UNREALI/IC NOTION ?AT ! MILLION  
& A HALF MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T W\LD ACCEPT SU* A PROPOSAL ( !  
AN>*I/S4 ,!RE IS V]Y GOOD REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ! ,C,N,T MEMB]S  
W\LD 9DIGNANTLY REFUSE TO BE MOV$ >\ND LIKE *ECK]S AT ! BEHE/ (  
! 0PURE0 AN>*I/S4 ,)\T ! ,C,N,T ! COMP>ATIVE H&FUL (  
AN>*I/S W\LD LOSE !IR 9FLU5CE & F9ALLY BECOME AN IMPOT5T SECT  
ABSOLUTELY 9CAPABLE ( MEAN+FUL ACTION4 ,! AN>*I/ HI/ORIAN  
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,REVOLUTION1 P4 #b#c#i7 ,9 A GREAT MANY SITUATIONS ! ,C,N,T1 9/EAD (  
IMPLEM5T+ ! POLICIES ( ! AN>*I/S1 ACT$ 9DEP5D5TLY4 

,AN>*I/S DESP]ATELY SE>*+ = A PRACTICAL AN>*I/ ALT]NATIVE TO  
GOV]NM5TAL P>TICIPATION CITE ! EXAMPLE ( ! H]OIC EXPLOITS ( !  
,NE/OR ,MAKHNO AN>*I/ GU]RILLA MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E DUR+ !  
,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS AN EXAMPLE TO BE FOLL[$ BY ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 ,BUT !Y  
IGNORE ! FACT ?AT ?IS H]OIC MOVEM5T WAS CRU%$ & ,MAKHNO HIMSELF  
B>ELY ESCAP$ ABROAD1 A MORTALLY SICK MAN1 TO DIE 9 DESPAIR 9 ,P>IS4 

,! P]5NIAL PROBLEM ( :AT %\LD BE ! ROLE ( AN>*I/S 9 A  
REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD IS ALWAYS RELEVANT4 ,MANY >E ! LESSONS TO BE  
LE>N$ FROM BO? ! MI/AKES & ! A*IEVEM5TS ( \R COMRADES2 FROM  
! TRAGIC EV5TS 9 ,SPA9 & ITS 9T]NATIONAL REP]CUSSIONS MANIFE/$  
9 ! \TBREAK ( ! ,WORLD ,W>4 ,REGRETTABLY1 NEI!R ,RI*>DS NOR TOO  
MANY O!RS HAVE PROVID$ A REASONABLE BASIS = DISCUSSION4 

,FROM 0,FRAGM5TS3 A ,MEMOIR01 BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F 7,REFRACT ,PUBLICATIONS1  
,CAMBRIDGE1 #a#i#h#f7 

,FROM 3 ,FLAG4,BLACK5$4NET4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aihe 3 ,AN>*I/S ,9 ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #e1 #bag 3 ,AN>*I/S ,9 ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,AN>*I/S ,9 ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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