,AN>*ISM_/,SYNDICALISM AS A ,VISION1 ,/RATEGY & ,EXP]I5CE ( ,BOTTOM-UP ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY 
,A ,REPLY TO ,D>YL ,GLAS] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LUCI5 ,VAN ,D] ,WALT 

,TEXT 3 

,AB/RACT 

,EXAM9+ ! !ORY & PRACTICE ( 'MASS' AN>*ISM & SYNDICALISM1 ?IS PAP] >GUES AGA9/ ,D>YL ,GLAS]'S VIEWS ?AT WORK]S' C\NCIL DEMOCRACY FAILS BASIC DEMOCRATIC B5*M>KS & ?AT1 5VISAG$ AS A SIMPLE 9/RUM5T ( A REVOLUTION IMAG9$ 9 UTOPIAN 'YE> Z]O' T]MS1 IT WILL PROBABLY COLLAPSE OR 5D 9 ',/AL9I/' AU?ORIT>IANISM--,GLAS] ALSO >GUES 9/EAD = P>LIAM5TS1 SUPPLEM5T$ BY P>TICIPATORY EXP]IM5TS4 ,:ILE AGREE+ ) ,GLAS] ON ! NECESSITY ( A 'DEMOCRATIC M9IMUM' ( PLURALISM1 RI<TS1 & OP5-5D$ \TCOMES1 ,I DEMON/RATE1 9 CONTRA/1 ?AT ?IS 'M9IMUM' IS P]FECTLY COMPATIBLE ) BOTTOM-UP C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T1 AS 5VISAG$ 9 AN>*I/_/SYNDICALI/ !ORY1 & AS IMPLEM5T$ BY AN>*I/ REVOLUTIONS 9 ,MAN*URIA1 ,SPA9 & ,UKRA9E4 ,?IS APPROA* SEEKS TO MAXIMIZE 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM ?R\< AN EGALIT>IAN1 DEMOCRATIC1 P>TICIPATORY ORD]1 DEVELOP$ AS BO? MEANS & \TCOME ( REVOLUTION2 IT CONSI/5TLY 9SI/S ?AT ATTEMPTS TO 'SAVE' REVOLUTIONS BY SUSP5D+ FRE$OMS1 9/EAD DE/ROY BO?4 ,P>LIAM5T1 AGA9 9 CONTRA/ TO ,GLAS]1 FROM ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 MEETS NO 'DEMOCRATIC M9IMUM'1 BE+ P>T ( ! /ATE1 A C5TRALIZ$1 UNACC\NTABLE 9/ITUTIONAL NEXUS ESS5TIAL TO DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION BY A RUL+ CLASS ( /ATE MANAG]S & CAPITALI/S4 ,RA!R ?AN P>TICIPATE 9 P>LIAM5TS1 'MASS' AN>*ISM >GUES = POPUL> CLASS AUTONOMY FROM1 & /RUGGLE AGA9/1 ! EXI/+ ORD] AS A MEANS ( W9N+ ECONOMIC & POLITICAL RE=MS :ILE--AVOID+ 'YE> Z]O' ?9K+--ALSO BUILD+ ! NEW SOCIETY1 )9 & AGA9/1 ! OLD1 ?R\< A PREFIGURATIVE PROJECT ( REVOLUTION>Y C\NT]-P[] & C\NT]-CULTURE4 ,REVOLUTION H]E MEANS ! COMPLETE EXPANSION ( A BOTTOM-UP DEMOCRACY1 BUILT ?R\< A CLASS /RUGGLE = ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY1 & REQUIR+ ! DEFEAT ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 :I* IS ITSELF ! \TCOME ( WIDESPREAD1 FREE ACCEPTANCE ( AN>*ISM1 & ( A PLURALI/IC C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T SY/EM4 

,9TRODUCTION 

,IT WAS ) PLEASURE ?AT ,I READ 9 A REC5T $ITION ( ?IS J\RNAL ,GLAS]'S 7#b#a#b7 /IMULAT+ & 9SI<TFUL 5GAGEM5T ) ,S*MIDT & MY ,BLACK ,FLAME3 ! REVOLUTION>Y CLASS POLITICS ( AN>*ISM & SYNDICALISM 7#b#i74 ,GLAS] RAISES A NUMB] ( ISSUES M]IT+ A CRITICAL RESPONSE P>TICUL>LY HIS CRITIQUE ( AN>*ISM & SYNDICALISM US+ DEMOCRATIC !ORY1 HIS DEF5SE ( P>LIAM5T1 & HIS ACC\NT ( ,BOL%EVISM4 

,HE IS CORRECT ?AT AN>*ISM_/SYNDICALISM SEEKS A RADICALLY DEMOCRATIC 7& :]E POSSIBLE1 P>TICIPATORY7 ORD]4 ,HIS *>ACT]IZATION ( ITS CORE AS 'C\NCILI/ GOV]NANCE1 ) WORKPLACE1 NEI<BORHOOD1 PRODUC] & CONSUM] C\NCILS JO9$ 9 VOLUNT>Y GLOBAL F$]ATIONS ?AT COORD9ATE !IR GOV]N+ ACTIVITIES VIA NEGOTIATIONS' 7,GLAS] #b#a#b1 #b#h#e71 IS CORRECT1 IF 9COMPLETE--IT UND]/ATES ! C5TRALITY ( SELF-MANAG$ WORKPLACE & NEI<BORHOOD GR\PS2 ! C\NCILS HELP L9K SU* GR\PS 9TO F$]ATIONS1 5ABL+ COORD9ATION & EX*ANGE4.<#a.> 

,GLAS] SUGGE/S ?AT ! 'RADICAL *ANGE T[>DS GREAT] EQUALITY & DEMOCRACY' PROPOS$ W\LD 'BE LIABLE TO REPRODUCE ! AU?ORIT>IANISM' 7OR ',/AL9I/ GOV]NANCE'7 IT REJECTS 7#b#a#b1 #b#g#i-#b#h74 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE ! C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T \TL9$ 9 ,BLACK ,FLAME SUPPOS$LY LACKS ! BASIC ELEM5TS ( A DEF5SIBLE DEMOCRACY1 I4E4 'AT A M9IMUM PLURALI/IC & OP51 AF=D+ TO CITIZ5S FULL FRE$OMS ( EXPRESSION1 ASSOCIATION & 9=MATION & AN AU?ORITATIVE SAY 444 9 :O IS GO+ TO LEAD !M & 9 ! K9DS ( IDEOLOGICAL PROJECTS !IR GOV]NM5TS .<SIC4.> 444 PURSUE' 7#b#a#b1 #b#h#f1 HIS EMPHASIS74 

,! APP>5T GAP >ISES 7,GLAS] SAYS7 P>TLY FROM NAIVETE 7A 'UTOPIAN EXPECTATION' ( A 'YE> Z]O' REBOOT7 BUT P>TLY FROM A SUPPOS$LY 9/RUM5TAL CONCEPTION ( C\NCILS AS M]E MEANS ( REVOLUTION1 RA!R ?AN AS SPACES TO DEBATE ! CONT5T OR NECESSITY (--OR ALT]NATIVES TO--REVOLUTION 7#b#a#b1 #b#h#f1 #b#i#a74 ,?IS CLOSES \T DISS5T3 POLITICS BECOMES A CLA% BETWE5 REVOLUTION>IES1 CULM9AT+ 9 'A S+LE P>TY DESIGNAT+ ITSELF ! BE>] ( TRUE REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/ PURPOSE' 7,GLAS] #b#a#b1 #b#i#a74 ,?IS DICTATORIAL TRAJECTORY IS RE9=C$ BY ! EXCLUSION ( 'TRANSITUATIONAL CITIZ5S' FALL+ \TSIDE ! C\NCILS1 A 'PYRAMIDAL SY/EM' ( TI]$ ASSEMBLIES ( DELEGATES1 & DELEGATES BE+ MANIPULAT$ BY EXP]TS 7,GLAS] #b#a#b1 #b#i#a74 

,!SE >E ALL IMPORTANT PO9TS TO BE TAK5 S]I\SLY 9 MAK+ ! CASE = A C\NCIL DEMOCRACY COMB9+ SELF-MANAGEM5T ) M&AT$ DELEGATES1 I4E4 ! HE>T ( ! AN>*I/_/SYNDICALI/ VISION ( PO/-CAPITALI/ ORD]4 

,BUT >E !Y A CONV9C+ 9DICTM5T8 ,& S9CE ! ,SOVIET TYRANNY LOOMS L>GE 9 ,GLAS]'S DEF5SE ( P>LIAM5T>Y 'DEMOCRACY' 7,GLAS] #b#a#b1 #b#i71 CAN !Y EXPLA9 ITS RISE8 ,! ANSW] TO BO? IS 'NO'4 

,REVOLUTION ) DISS5T UNLIMIT$3 'FRE$OM CAN & MU/ BE DEF5D$ ONLY BY FRE$OM' 7,BAKUN9 7.<#a#h#f#f.> #a#i#g#a71 #g#i7 

,FIR/1 ,GLAS] DOES NOT ADEQUATELY 5GAGE A LONG-E/ABLI%$ 'MASS' AN>*I/_/SYNDICALI/ APPROA* TO BUILD+ C\NCIL DEMOCRACY COMB9$ ) SELF-MANAGEM5T--AN APPROA* 5ABL+ ! 'DEF5SIBLE' DEMOCRATIC 'M9IMUM' ?AT ,GLAS] 7& ,I7 BO? SUPPORT4 ,9 FAIRNESS1 HE ADMITS ?AT HIS CRITIQUE ( C\NCIL DEMOCRACY 5GAGES 'EXCLUSIVELY' ITS ,TROTSKYI/ 'DEF5SE'1 9 P>T BECAUSE ( ,BLACK ,FLAME'S SCOPE 7#b#a#b1 #b#i74 ,H[EV]1 S9CE HIS >GUM5TS BRACKET ?IS 'DEF5SE' ) ! AN>*I/ POSITION 7#b#a#b1 #b#g#i71 ! LATT] BE>S RE/ATEM5T4 

,AN>*ISM1 AS >GU$ 9 ,BLACK ,FLAME1 IS AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN1 9T]NATIONALI/1 CLASS-/RUGGLE SOCIALISM1 AIM+ AT A SELF-MANAG$1 /ATELESS1 EGALIT>IAN GLOBAL SOCIETY ) COLLECTIVIZ$ RES\RCES & P>TICIPATORY PLANN+2 SYNDICALISM IS AN AN>*I/ /RATEGY :]E9 REVOLUTION>Y UNIONS HELP 9/ITUTE ! NEW WORLD ?R\< WORKPLACE OCCUPATIONS UND] SELF-MANAGEM5T 7VAN D] ,WALT & ,S*MIDT #b#i1 *APS4 #a-#c74 ,BO? EM]G$ 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,LE/ IT BE SUGGE/$ ?AT ?IS IS A CONTROV]SIAL 7OR UNUSUAL7 DEF9ITION1 ,I ADD ?AT ?IS WAS ! AN>*ISM ( SU* NOTABLES AS ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK91 ,GOLDMAN1 ,MALATE/A1 ,ME*OSO1 ,LUCY ,P>SONS1 ,LIU ,SIFU1 ,FLORES ,MAGON1 ,GUT>RA1 ,?IB$I1 ,MAKHNO1 ,KOTUKU1 ,%9 ,*'AEHO & MANY O!RS2 ALSO ( KEY/ONE ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ,SPA9'S ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR 7,C,N,T7 & ! ,KOREAN ,PEOPLE'S ,ASSOCIATION 9 ,MAN*URIA 7,HANJOK ,*ONGRYONG ,HAPHOI74.<#b.> 

,UNLIKE ! CLASSICAL ,M>XISM ?AT ,GLAS] DISCUSSES1 AN>*ISM_/SYNDICALISM AGREES ) LIB]ALISM ?AT '! HAPP9ESS & PROSP]ITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL MU/ BE ! /&>D' 7,ROCK] .<#a#i#c#h.> #a#i#h#i1 #b#c74 ,IT %>ES LIB]ALISM'S 9SI/5CE ?AT ANY DEMOCRATIC PROCESS MU/ BE COMPATIBLE ) ?IS '/&>D'4 ,H[EV]1 IT ALSO %>ES ! SOCIALI/ POSITION ?AT A BASIC *ANGE 9 ECONOMIC & SOCIAL RELATIONS IS ESS5TIAL3 'P]SONAL & SOCIAL FRE$OM IS CONCEIVABLE ONLY ON ! BASIS ( EQUAL ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES = EV]YBODY' 7,ROCK] .<#a#i#c#h.> #a#i#h#i1 #b#c74 

,! 'C\NCILI/ GOV]NANCE' 5VISAG$ BY AN>*ISM_/SYNDICALISM AIMS AT BE+ G5U9ELY LIB]T>IAN & DEMOCRATIC1 FIR/1 BY *AMPION+ 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TIES--9CLUD+ ! RI<T TO OP5LY DISAGREE )1 & )9 DEMOCRATIC NORMS EV5 MOBILIZE AGA9/1 ! DEMOCRACY--&1 SECOND1 BY *ANG+ SOCIETY FUNDAM5TALLY 9 ORD] TO MAKE ?OSE LIB]TIES SUB/ANTIVE4 

,! AN>*I/S_/SYNDICALI/S 5VISAGE A C\NCIL DEMOCRACY GU>ANTEE+ 'ABSOLUTE & COMPLETE' FRE$OM TO 'VOICE ALL OP9IONS' )\T REPRISALS1 & FRE$OM ( ASSOCIATION1 9CLUD+ ( ASSOCIATIONS PROMOT+ '! UND]M9+ 7OR DE/RUCTION7 ( 9DIVIDUAL & PUBLIC FRE$OM' 7,BAKUN9 .<#a#h#f#f.> #a#i#g#a1 #g#i74 ,9 ?IS SY/EM1 AN>*I/S ACTIVELY PROMOTE !IR IDEAS1 BUT CLAIM NO POLITICAL 'P>TY' MONOPOLY2 AN>*I/ IDEAS PR$OM9ATE ONLY TO ! EXT5T ?AT !Y >E WIDELY & FREELY ACCEPT$4 ,! AN>*I/S DEF5D A VIGOR\S PLURALISM1 OPPOS+ 'ALL AMBITION TO DOM9ATE ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! PEOPLE' BY 'CLIQUES OR 9DIVIDUALS' 7,BAKUN9 N4D41 #c#h#g74 

,!RE=E1 >GUM5TS ?AT FRE$OMS MU/ BE RE/RICT$ 9 ! '9T]E/' ( REVOLUTION >E EXPLICITLY REJECT$1 S9CE EXP&$ FRE$OMS >E ! MEANS & 5DS ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,AN>*ISM IS AN IDEOLOGY1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 IT 5TAILS A DEF5SE ( ! RI<T TO MULTIPLE IDEOLOGIES4 

,REAL DEF5SE ( ! FREE SOCIETY LIES 9 ! SALUT>Y EFFECTS ( AN 9=M$ 'PUBLIC OP9ION' ?AT ACCEPTS ITS FRAMEWORK1 9CLUD+ IT'S SAFEGU>DS = DISS5T+ M9ORITIES 7EV5 '*>LATANS & P]NICI\S ASSOCIATIONS'3 ,BAKUN9 .<#a#h#f#f.> #a#i#g#a1 #g#i71 & IT'S SAFEGU>DS AGA9/ M9ORITIES =CIBLY IMPOS+ !IR POSITIONS ON ! MAJORITY4 ,FUR!R RE9=C+ ?IS SY/EM >E SUB/ANTIVE GA9S 9 DEMOCRACY1 RI<TS & EQUALITY1 & A RE=M$ $UCATION SY/EM PROMOT+ CRITICAL ?\<T & RESPECT = HUMAN RI<TS 7,BAKUN9 .<#a#h#f#f.> #a#i#g#a1 #h#b74 

,!RE >E NO O!R CON/RA9TS ON ! 'IDEOLOGICAL PROJECTS' 7,GLAS]7 ?AT ! C\NCILS MI<T POT5TIALLY ADOPT2 FAC$ ) 'CLIQUES OR 9DIVIDUALS' SEEK+ TO 'DOM9ATE' 7,BAKUN971 ! MAJORITY CAN DEF5D ITSELF1 EV5 MILIT>ILY1 BUT 'ONLY BY FRE$OM' 7,BAKUN9 .<#a#h#f#f.> #a#i#g#a1 #g#i1 #h#b71 I4E4 ONLY BY DEF5D+ ! C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T4 

,SU* A CONCEPTION IS TO BE %>PLY DI/+UI%$ FROM ! ,L59I/ SUB/ITUTIONISM ?AT ,GLAS] DESCRIBES & REJECTS 7#b#a#b1 #b#i#a71 & ALSO FROM NOTIONS ?AT POLITICAL DIFF]5CES WILL DISAPPE> 9 SOCIALISM4 ,RA!R1 AS ,ROCK] >GU$1 AN>*ISM AIMS NOT AT A 'P]FECT SOCIAL ORD]' IMMUTABLY FUZ$ ) A S+LE F9AL GOAL2 IT ASPIRES 9/EAD TO ! 'UNLIMIT$ P]FECTIBILITY ( SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS & HUMAN CONDITIONS' 7.<#a#i#c#h.> #a#i#h#i1 #c74 

,HI/ORY OP5S1 NOT CLOSES1 ) ! C\NCILS & SELF-MANAGEM5T3 IF P]SI/5T PROBLEMS EM]GE ) 7= EXAMPLE7 TI]$ C\NCILS1 REM$IES SU* AS A SUPPLEM5T>Y /RUCTURE ( DIRECTLY ELECT$ & M&AT$ DELEGATES TO HI<] BODIES CAN BE 9TRODUC$4 

,AN>*I/ CLASS /RUGGLE ?R\< PREFIGURATION1 P>TICIPATION 

,BUT ?AT C\NCILS WILL BE REVOLUTION>Y 9 ! FIR/ PLACE IS NOT AUTOMATIC OR ASSUM$4 ,GLAS] SPEAKS ( AN>*I/ 'PRE-REVOLUTION>Y DEMOCRATIC MOBILIZATION' 7#b#a#b1 #b#h#a71 BUT ITS DEMOCRATIC *>ACT]1 & ITS REFUSAL TO TAKE A BL9D 'A LEAP 9TO ! D>K' 7#b#h#i71 REQUIRES UNPACK+4 ,! POSITIONS ?AT ,I HAVE DESCRIB$ >E ALL LOCAT$ 9 'MASS AN>*ISM'1 :I* /RESSES A V]Y CONCRETE1 TWO-SID$1 REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT 7QUITE DIFF]5T TO ! IMM$IATISM ( '9SURRECTIONI/' AN>*ISM74 

,FIR/1 DEVELOP+ MASS POPUL> CLASS MOVEM5TS ?AT >E 9T]NALLY DEMOCRATIC1 ALWAYS MAXIMIZ+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( DEMOCRATIC CAPACITIES1 & FI<T+ = CONCESSIONS ?R\< DIRECT ACTION YET MA9TA9+ /RICT CLASS 9DEP5D5CE & A REVOLUTION>Y AG5DA1 I4E4 BUILD+ A C\NT]-P[] TO RUL+ CLASS P[]4 

,SECOND1 & SIMULTANE\SLY1 W9N+ AS MANY AS POSSIBLE TO AN>*I/ ?\<T1 SO ?AT ! POPUL> CLASSES CAN USE !IR MOVEM5TS TO RECON/RUCT SOCIETY = SUB/ANTIVE EQUALITY1 I4E4 BUILD+ A REVOLUTION>Y C\NT]-CULTURE4 

,! KEY PO9T IS ?AT ?IS PROJECT 5ABLES 9/ITUTIONS & VALUES PREFIGUR+ ! NEW SOCIETY BY DEVELOP+ DEMOCRATIC SELF-MANAG$ 9/ITUTIONS ?AT FI<T TO MAXIMIZE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY 9 ! PRES5T1 & ?AT ALSO L9K ?IS FI<T AGA9/ HI]>*Y TO ! NECESSITY (1 & A /RATEGY =1 REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,?US1 C\NT]-P[]_/C\NT]-CULTURE PROVIDES '! LIV+ SE$S ( ! NEW SOCIETY :I* IS TO REPLACE ! OLD WORLD' 7,BAKUN9 .<#a#h#g#a.> #a#i#g#a1 #b#e#e74 

,BUT !RE IS NO ASSUMPTION ?AT ! POPUL> CLASSES HAVE 7OR REQUIRE7 A 'P]FECTLY UNIT>Y & HOMOG5\S COLLECTIVE WILL' 7,LACLAU & ,M\FFE #a#i#h#e1 #b71 OR ?AT !SE 'LIV+ SE$S' MU/ 9EVITABLY GR[4 ,! >GUM5T IS SIMPLY ?AT ! NEW SOCIETY CANNOT EM]GE UNLESS L>GE POPUL> CLASS SECTORS DECIDE TO MAKE IT SO4 ,REVOLUTION H]E MEANS1 !N1 A MOVEM5T = SELF-EMANCIPATION BAS$ UPON ! ORGANIZ$ WILL & *OICE ( ! POPUL> CLASSES 7VAN D] ,WALT & ,S*MIDT #b#i1 #f#e71 TO 'TAKE UPON !MSELVES ! TASK ( REBUILD+ SOCIETY' 7,KROPOTK9 .<#a#i#a#b.> #a#i#g1 #a#h#h74 ,FO/]+ DEMOCRATIC MASS MOVEM5TS1 RE/+ UPON P>TICIPATION & /RICT M&ATES1 HAS 9H]5T AS WELL AS 9/RUM5TAL1 VALUE--GIV5 !SE POLITICS4 ,A SPECIFIC1 =MAL AN>*I/ POLITICAL ORGANIZATION CAN >GUABLY PLAY A DECISIVE ROLE 9 ?IS REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS3 TO ANSW] ,GLAS] 7#b#a#b1 #b#i#d-#b#i#e71 ?IS DIFF]S FROM CONV5TIONAL POLITICAL P>TIES 9 ?AT IT SEEKS NEI!R P[] = ITSELF1 OR POLITICAL MONOPOLY1 NOR DOES IT ASPIRE TO CAPTURE ! /ATE4 

,SYNDICALISM PROVIDES AN ILLU/RATION3 UNIONS G5]ALLY DEF5D WORK]S1 BUT ?IS DOES NOT EXHAU/ !IR POT5TIAL--!Y >E POT5TIAL MEANS = COORD9AT$ WORKPLACE OCCUPATIONS1 = SELF-MANAGEM5T 7?R\< WORK] ASSEMBLIES & COMMITTEES7 & = DEMOCRATIC PLANN+ 7?R\< UNIONS & F$]ATIONS1 ALONG ) COMMUNITIES74 ,BUT ?IS POT5TIAL CAN ONLY BE REALIZ$ IF ! UNIONS HAVE RADICALLY DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURES1 PLUS ! ACCEPTANCE1 BY AN EV]-GR[+ NUMB]1 ( AN>*ISM4 ,?US1 ,MALATE/A3 ',WE :O DO NOT SEEK P[]1 ONLY WANT ! CONSCI5CES ( M52 ONLY ?OSE :O WI% TO DOM9ATE PREF] %EEP' 7#a#i#f#e1 #a#a#e74 

,AGA9/ P>LIAM5T1 = DEMOCRACY 

,!RE IS NO 'YE> Z]O' H]E1 S9CE ! F\NDATIONS ( C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T >E LAID ?R\< ! 'MASS' AN>*I/_/SYNDICALI/ PROJECT ( C\NT]-P[]_/C\NT]-CULTURE1 ( :I* SYNDICALISM IS ONLY ONE TE*NIQUE4 ,?IS PROJECT PROVIDES ! TRA9+ 7& TE/+7 GR\ND ( C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T4 

,! REVOLUTION ?US VIEW$ IS A REVOLUTION>Y RUPTURE1 BUT ! RUPTURE IS ALSO SIMPLY ! EXPANSION ( C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T OV] ALL MEANS ( ADM9I/RATION1 CO]CION & ADM9I/RATION 7VAN D] ,WALT & ,S*MIDT #b#i1 #b#a74 ,?IS IS ESS5TIAL TO ! REMOVAL ( DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION3 AS MAJOR RES\RCES MOVE FROM ELITE TO POPUL> CONTROL1 IT BECOMES POSSIBLE TO ABOLI% EXPLOITATION & POV]TY1 TO RECON/RUCT WORK AS AN EMP[]+ & USEFUL ACTIVITY1 & TO APPLY DEMOCRACY & FREE AGREEM5T 9 ALL SPH]ES4 ,?US1 ! NEW SOCIETY IS SUB/ANTIVELY1 AS WELL AS =MALLY1 BAS$ UPON EQUALITY1 SOLID>ITY1 & DIV]SITY4 ,AS ,GLAS] OBS]VES1 AN>*ISM_/SYNDICALISM 'NECESS>ILY CONFRONTS ! EXI/+ /ATE AS AN IRRECONCILABLE ADV]S>Y' 7#b#a#b1 #b#h#a71 TO BE ABOLI%$1 NOT CAPTUR$4 

,BUT ! REASONS BE> RE/ATEM5T4 

,! REJECTION ( P>LIAM5T 7& /ATISM G5]ALLY7 >ISES NOT FROM A 'NATURAL' ANTI-/ATISM1 BUT FROM AN ANALYSIS 9SI/+ ?AT EXI/+ SOCIETY IS CONTROLL$ BY AN EXPLOIT+ & DOM9AT+ 'ECONOMIC' & 'POLITICAL'1 RUL+ CLASS4 ,! /ATE IS ! C5TRAL 9/ITUTION ?R\< :I* MEANS ( ADM9I/RATION & CO]CION >E MONOPOLIZ$2 ! PRIVATE CORPORATION IS 7) ! /ATE7 ! C5TRAL 9/ITUTION ?R\< :I* ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E MONOPOLIZ$4 

,/ATE MANAG]S & CAPITALI/S >E TWO SECTORS ( AN 9T]DEP5D5T 7IF CONTRADICTORY7 RUL+ CLASS1 ITS OV]ALL P[] RE/+ UPON ! DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION ( ! POPUL> CLASSES1 :I* IS JO9TLY 5ABL$ BY ! PACT ( DOM9ATION BETWE5 /ATE & CAPITAL4 ,?IS SY/EM ALSO HELPS TO PRODUCE & REPRODUCE O!R 9EQUITIES 7LIKE NATIONAL OPPRESSION71 AL?\< !SE ALSO HAVE !IR [N IRR$UCIBLE FEATURES4 

,/ATES & CORPORATIONS >E C5TRALIZ$ & HI]>*ICAL 9 ORD] TO 5ABLE ?IS SMALL RUL+ CLASS M9ORITY TO WIELD !SE MEANS--NOT BECAUSE C5TRALIZATION IS AN EFFICI5T WAY TO RUN COMPLEX SOCIETIES = ! MAJORITY4 ,IT FOLL[S 7AN>*I/S_/SYNDICALI/S >GUE71 ?AT ANYONE AT ! APEX ( EI!R 9/ITUTION IS RUL+ CLASS1 ) CLASS 9T]E/S AT ODDS ) POPUL> CLASS SELF-DET]M9ATION & FRE$OM FROM EXPLOITATION4 

,CONV]SELY1 C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T BY ! POPUL> CLASSES1 EXT5D+ OV] ! MEANS ( ADM9I/RATION1 CO]CION & PRODUCTION1 IS AN ESS5TIAL & IRREPLACEABLE CONDITION = ! ABOLITION ( M9ORITY CLASS RULE1 REQUIR+ ! ABOLITION ( /ATES & CORPORATIONS 9 ORD] TO REALIZE A CLASSLESS ORD]4 

,!RE CAN BE NO?+ LIKE A 'WORK]S' /ATE'1 S9CE POPUL> CLASS RULE IS ANTI!TICAL TO C5TRALIZ$ /ATE P[]--& /ATE P[] IS ALWAYS C5TRALIZ$4 ',TO ASSURE ! LABOR]S 444 !Y WILL 444 E/ABLI% SOCIALISM' ?R\< 'GOV]NM5T MA*9]Y' IS 'A COLOSSAL HI/ORICAL BLUND]'3 ?IS M]ELY *ANGES ! 'P]SONS :O MANAGE' ! SY/EM 7,KROPOTK9 .<#a#i#a#b.> #a#i#g1 #a#h#f74 

,/ATES & CORPORATIONS OP]ATE BY LOGICS1 9 WAYS1 & = 9T]E/S1 ?AT >E FUNDAM5TALLY AT ODDS ) ?OSE ( ! POPUL> CLASSES--9CLUD+ ! BOTTOM-UP1 DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONAL & IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK ?R\< :I*1 ALONE1 !SE CLASSES CAN BE EMANCIPAT$4 

,S9CE !SE LOGICS >E IRRECONCILABLE1 ESCALAT+ C\NT]-P[]_/C\NT]-CULTURE WILL 9EVITABLY REA* ! PO9T :]E IT MU/ 7& IDEALLY1 SUCCESSFULLY CAN7 CONFRONT ! RUL+-CLASS P[] 9 A DECISIVE1 PROBABLY VIOL5T1 %[D[N4 ,! RUL+ CLASS CANNOT BE QUIETLY ]OD$ AWAY BY 'LIFE/YLE' *ANGES1 'EXIT+' ! SY/EM1 OR ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTIONS LIKE CO-OP]ATIVES 9 ITS '9T]/ICES'2 IT WILL NOT TOL]ATE ANY *ALL5GES BEYOND A C]TA9 PO9T2 NOR CAN BASIC QUE/IONS ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY BE SOLV$ )\T FUNDAM5TAL SOCIETAL *ANGES4 

',UTOPIAN EXPECTATIONS' & 'RADICAL RE=M' 

,AGA9/ C\NCIL DEMOCRACY1 ,GLAS] 9SI/S UP ON ! '5TR5*M5T' ( '9/ITUTIONS' ( 'LIB]AL DEMOCRACY'--SUPPLEM5T$ P]HAPS BY RE=MS LIKE ! 'P>TICIPATORY MUNICIPAL GOV]NANCE' ( ,PORTO ,ALLEGRE UND] ,BRAZIL'S ,WORK]S' ,P>TY 7,P,T7 7#b#a#b1 #b#h#a1 #b#i1 #b#i#g-#b#i#h74 ,BY CONTRA/1 AN>*ISM SUGGE/S ?AT ! CLASS SY/EM CAN TOL]ATE 7AT BE/7 A P>LIAM5T1 :]E POPUL> *OICE IS EXPRESS$ 9 A FEW MOM5TS AT ! BALLOT BOX4 ,?IS IS1 ,BAKUN9 9SI/$ 7.<#a#h#f#g.> #a#i#g#a1 #a#d#d71 A '?\S& TIMES BETT]' ?AN DICTATOR%IP1 BUT %\LD NOT BE DEEM$ 'REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY' 7E4G4 ,GLAS] #b#a#b1 #b#h#a1 #b#h#e7 AS IT IS NEI!R REPRES5TATIVE NOR DEMOCRATIC4 ,POLITICIANS & ! /ATE >E ALWAYS UNACC\NTABLE2 'DEMOCRACY' ALSO DOES NOT APPLY TO FUNDAM5TAL >EAS LIKE ! WORKPLACE1 OR ! L>G] ECONOMY & SOCIETY4 

,! /ATE MAKES CONCESSIONS TO MASS DEM&S ) RELUCTANCE1 & ONLY :5 =C$ BY POPUL> CLASS /RUGGLES 7,ROCK] .<#a#i#c#h.> #a#i#h#i1 #a#a#b74 ,! /ATE IS NOT IGNOR$1 H]E BUT NOR IS IT WIELD$3 IT IS 9/EAD '5GAG$' ?R\< /RUGGLE1 BY ! C\NT]-P[]2 NEGOTIATIONS FOLL[ /RUGGLE BUT MU/ NEV] COMPROMISE POPUL> AUTONOMY OR CLASS ANTAGONISM4 

,! ,P,T EXAMPLE >GUABLY BE>S \T ! AN>*I/ 9SI/5CE ?AT FAI? 9 P>LIAM5T IS A TRULY 'UTOPIAN EXPECTATION' 7,GLAS]74 ,PORTO ,ALLEGRE'S P>TICIPATION MODEL 5TAILS PUBLIC 9PUT ONLY 9TO ! DETAILS ( CON/RUCTION & S]VICES SP5D+1 ONLY )9 'AVAILABLE' RES\RCES1 & SUBJECT TO EXECUTIVE VETO4 ,! ,P,T HAS MEAN:ILE1 VIOLAT+ ITS PROMISES1 MANAG$ ! 'COMPLETION ( ,BRAZIL'S EMBRACE ( CAPITALISM & GLOBALIZATION' 7,RA*MAN #b#a74 

,! PROBLEM ) P>LIAM5T = ! AN>*I/S_/SYNDICALI/S IS NOT ?AT IT MEETS A 'DEMOCRATIC M9IMUM'1 EFFECTS A REASONABLE REPRES5TATION ( A WIDE V>IETY ( 9T]E/S & IDEOLOGIES1 OR 5ABLES OP5-5D$ & UNPR$ICTABLE \TCOMES1 BUT PRECISELY ?AT IT FAILS ON ALL ?REE C\NTS4 

,9 ,UKRA9E1 ,MAN*URIA & ,SPA9 

,! AN>*I/_/SYNDICALI/ TRADITION ?US TAKES V]Y S]I\SLY '! POLITICAL1 & 9 P>TICUL> ! =MAL-9/ITUTIONAL' 7,GLAS] #b#a#b1 #b#h#g74 ,BUT 9 FAIRNESS1 !ORY IS ONE ?+1 PRACTICE ANO!R4 ,I W\LD LIKE1 !RE=E1 TO ADDRESS ,GLAS]'S FUR!R 'GR\NDS = D\BT'--& HIS SUGGE/ION ?AT AT ! 'LEVEL ( DETAIL'1 'NOT MU*' SEP>ATES AN>*I/_/SYNDICALI/ 'DEMOCRATIC VISIONS' FROM ,L59I/S' 7#b#a#b1 #b#h#e-#b#h#f71 ) SOME HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES ILLU/RAT+ AN>*I/ C\NCIL DEMOCRACY 9 ACTION4 

,AL?\< ! ,BOL%EVIKS WAG$ W> ON AN>*I/ ,UKRA9E ( #a#i#a#h-#a#i#b#a1 ! AN>*I/S ALWAYS P]MITT$ ,BOL%EVIKS & O!R RIVALS AN ACTIVE PRESS PLUS FULL P>TICIPATION 9 ! C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T SY/EM 7,MALET #a#i#h#b1 #a#g#b2 ,PALIJ #a#i#g#f1 #a#d#h-#a#f74 ,TWO RE/RICTIONS3 9CITEM5T TO POGROMS WAS PUNI%ABLE2 ALSO1 ATTEMPTS BY OPPOSITION PAP]S TO ORGANIZE >M$ ATTACKS ON--AS OPPOS$ TO >GU+ AGA9/1 OR )9--! C\NCILS WAS =BIDD51 A REASONABLE MEASURE4 

,! AN>*I/ ,%9M9 REVOLUTION 9 ,MAN*URIA1 #a#i#b#i-#a#i#c#a--C5T]$ ON ,HANJOK ,*ONGRYONG ,HAPHOI'S C\NCIL SY/EM & ! AN>*I/ ,KIM ,JWA-,JIM'S W+ ( ! ,KOREAN ,9DEP5D5CE ,>MY--AIM$ AT A 'FREE F$]AL SOCIAL SY/EM' BAS$ UPON 'FREE AGREEM5T'1 '! FREE WILL ( 9DIVIDUALS' & FREE SPEE* 7,HA #a#i#h#f1 #g#a-#g#i74 ,! #aicf ,SPANI% ,C,N,T PROGRAM ALSO /RESS$ ?AT 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OMS 'CANNOT1 UND] ANY CIRCUM/ANCES1 BE CA/ ASIDE BY A SOCIETY BAS$ UPON WIDE FRE$OM' 7.<#a ,MAY #a#i#c#f.> N4D41 #a74 

,AS 9 ,UKRA9E & ,%9M91 A L>GE-SCALE C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T SY/EM WAS PUT 9 PLACE1 9CLUD+ 9 ! ECONOMY1 ALONG ) WIDESPREAD FRE$OMS4 ,9 AN>*I/ ,UKRA9E & ,SPA91 = EXAMPLE1 RELIGI\S FRE$OM WAS P]MITT$4 ,H[EV]1 COMPULSORY TI!S & SUBSIDIES W]E ABOLI%$ 9 L9E ) ! FREE ASSOCIATION PR9CIPLE1 & L>GE E/ATES 7ECCLESIA/ICAL AS WELL AS /ATE & PRIVATE7 W]E PLAC$ UND] SELF-MANAGEM5T1 9 L9E ) A DEMOCRATIC M&ATE TO UND]CUT ECONOMIC & SOCIAL 9EQUALITY4 

,CRITICS ( AN>*ISM_/SYNDICALISM SOMETIMES PO9T TO ! SPONTANE\S CLASS VIOL5CE 79CLUD+ ATTACKS ON ,CA?OLIC *UR*ES & CL]GY7 ( ! E>LY ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 AS EVID5CE ( A BASIC AN>*I/ 9TOL]ANCE4 ,BUT !SE ATTACKS W]E NOT P>T ( ! AN>*I/ PROGRAM3 ! ,C,N,T WAS HI<LY CRITICAL ( ! ,CA?OLIC E/ABLI%M5T1 BUT REG>D$ RELIGION AS A MATT] ( '9DIVIDUAL CONSCI5CE' 7.<#a ,MAY #a#i#c#f.> N4D41 #h71 & IT 9CLUD$ ,CA?OLIC WORK]S4 

,RA!R1 ! ATTACKS ON *UR*ES REFLECT$ SMOLD]+ HATR$S1 FL>+ >\ND ! ,CA?OLIC HI]>*Y'S ACTIVE COLLUSION ) ,FRANCO'S #aicf FASCI/IC C\P & SUBSEQU5T W>2 !Y LEFT ,PROTE/ANTS UNSCA!D4 ,!Y ALSO 9VOLV$ ,REPUBLICANS ( ALL /RIPES1 NOT ONLY AN>*I/S--& BY NO MEANS MO/ AN>*I/S1 S9CE ! ,C,N,T & ITS ALLIES ACTIVELY 9T]V5$ TO HALT LOOT+ & ANTI-CL]ICAL VIOL5CE 7,FRAS] #a#i#g#i1 #a#d#i2 ,?OMAS #a#i#h#f1 #a#c#b-#a#c#c1 #b#g#g74 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! ,C,N,T DEF5D$ ! EXP&+ C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T SY/EM AGA9/ ! VIOL5T F> RI<T1 :ILE FO/]+ TOL]ANCE = VIEWS LIB]AL1 SOCIALI/1 NATIONALI/ & RELIGI\S4 ,?US1 ! ,C,N,T'S ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN 7.<#a#i#c#g.> #b#e1 #d#g73 

,WE CAN OPPOSE ) =CE ?OSE :O TRY TO SUBJUGATE US ON BEHALF ( !IR 9T]E/S OR CONCEPTS1 BUT WE CANNOT RESORT TO =CE AGA9/ ?OSE :O DO NOT %>E \R PO9TS ( VIEW1 & :O DO NOT DESIRE TO LIVE AS WE ATTEMPT TO4 ,H]E1 \R RESPECT = LIB]TY MU/ 5COMPASS ! LIB]TY ( \R ADV]S>IES TO LIVE !IR [N LIFE1 ALWAYS ON ! CONDITION ?AT !Y >E NOT AGGRESSIVE & DO NOT D5Y ! FRE$OM ( O!RS 444 

,REVOLUTION WAS NOT ! RULE-FROM-ABOVE ( 'A COMMITTEE1 ( A P>TY1 ( A GIV5 T5D5CY' BUT 9/EAD 5ABL$ A RANGE ( VIEWS 7#d#h74 ,?IS IS A DRAMATICALLY DIFF]5T APPROA* TO ?AT APPLI$ BY ,L591 ,TROTSKY OR ,/AL9--NOT TO M5TION ! ,M>XI/S 9 ! ,FIR/ & ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONALS4 

,& ,RUSSIA 444 

,!SE EXP]I5CES UND]SCORE ,GLAS]'S OBS]VATION ?AT ! BROAD AN>*I/ TRADITION HAS RA!R MORE CONV9C+ DEMOCRATIC CR$5TIALS ?AN MA9/REAM ,M>XISM4 ,YET1 !SE EXP]I5CES1 & ! IDEAS ?AT !Y EXPRESS$1 ALSO SUGGE/ ?AT HIS *>GE ?AT AN>*ISM_/SYNDICALISM W\LD BE 'LIABLE TO REPRODUCE' ',/AL9I/ GOV]NANCE' 7#b#a#b1 #b#g#i-#b#h7 IS UNFAIR4 

,IT IS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 P]FECTLY JU/IFI$ = AN>*I/S_/SYNDICALI/S TO 'D5Y RESPONSIBILITY' 7#b#a#b1 #b#h#b7 = ! ,SOVIET TYRANNY--AS ,GLAS] CONC$ES1 ,BAKUN9 HAD ACCURATELY PR$ICT$ 7DECADES BE=E7 ?AT REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XI/ REGIMES W\LD BE REPRESSIVE ONE-P>TY DICTATOR%IPS BAS$ ON =C$ LABOR 7E4G4 ,BAKUN9 .<#a#h#g#b.> #a#i#g#a1 #b#h#d74 ,IT IS ALSO1 !RE=E1 JU/IFI$ TO 9SI/ ?AT ! FATE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ITS ILK REQUIRES 'NO RE?9K ( AN>*I/ PRECEPTS' 7CF4 #b#a#b1 #b#h#b74 

,I AGREE ) ,GLAS] ?AT ,SOVIET ,UNION TYRANNY >OSE DIRECTLY FROM ,L59'S & ,TROTSKY'S 'ONE-P>TY DICTATOR%IP1 C5SOR%IP & A BAN ON AUTONOM\S ASSOCIATIONS'1 E/ABLI%+ ! '9/ITUTIONAL DESIGN & MODUS OP]&I' ( ,/AL9'S ,RUSSIA--& ALSO ?AT !SE ACTIONS W]E 9 SIGNIFICANT1 AL?\< NOT SOLE1 P>T AN \TCOME ( ! ,BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY 7,GLAS] #b#a#b1 #b#h#g2 VAN D] ,WALT #b#a#a74.<#d.> 

,H[EV]1 ,I F9D ,GLAS] LESS CONV9C+ :5 SPEAK+ ( '! C\NCIL =M 444 ADVOCAT$ & PRACTIC$ BY ,L59'S ,BOL%EVIKS' 7,GLAS] #b#a#b1 #b#i#b71 OR :5 IMPLY+ ?AT C\NCIL DEMOCRACY HELP$ LAY ! BASIS = ,SOVIET TYRANNY4 ,C\NCIL DEMOCRACY PLAY$ NO ESS5TIAL ROLE 9 CLASSICAL ,M>XI/ ?\<T1 O!R ?AN AS A TACTIC TO ATTA9 /ATE P[]4 ,:ILE ,M>X PRAIS$ ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE 7,GLAS] #b#a#b1 #b#i71 HE DID NOT '*AMPION' C\NCIL DEMOCRACY1 9/EAD CONSI/5TLY RETURN+--EV5 AFT] #a#h#g#a--TO HIS LONG-/&+ PROGRAM ( C5TRALIZATION1 NATIONALIZATION & /ATE PLANN+ UND] A ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 7E4G4 ,M>X & ,5GELS .<#a#h#d#h.> #a#i#e#d1 #e#e-#e#f2 ,G]? #a#i#e#h1 #b#a#f-#b#a#g1 #b#h#e-#b#h#f74 ,9 ! #ahgb ,M>X_/,BAKUN9 SPLIT1 = 9/ANCE1 ,M>X >GU$ = A C5TRALIZ$ /ATE & ,BAKUN9--NOT ,M>X--ADVOCAT$ C\NCIL DEMOCRACY2 IT WAS ,M>X :O S\<T TO IMPOSE HIS /ATI/ PROGRAM AGA9/ ! WILL ( ! MAJORITY ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,BUT :AT ,M>X 'REALLY' MEANT 7OR C\LD BE CON/RU$ TO MEAN7 PALES 9 ! FACE ( :AT ,M>XISM 'REALLY' MEANT3 ! HI/ORY ( ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES1 & ALSO ( ! ?IRD ( ! GLOBE ONCE RUL$ BY ,M>XI/S1 >E NOT ! BYWAYS1 BUT ! HI<WAYS1 ( ,M>XI/ HI/ORY4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 = 9/ANCE1 ! C\NCILS W]E QUICKLY SUBORD9AT$ TO ! ,BOL%EVIK /ATE4 ,?OSE :O 9SI/ ?AT ,L59 'HAD TO' DISP5SE ) FREE SOVIETS TO 'DEF5D' ! REVOLUTION ALSO !REBY CONC$E ?AT C\NCIL DEMOCRACY WAS 9ESS5TIAL TO ! ,L59I/ PROJECT4 ,! SAME TREATM5T ( C\NCIL DEMOCRACY AS 9ESS5TIAL TO ,M>XI/ SOCIALISM IS NECESS>Y = ?OSE :O MA9TA9 7E4G4 ,TROTSKY #a#i#f#g7 ?AT ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & O!RS W]E 'WORK]S' /ATES' OR 'SOCIALI/'--DE=M$1 DEG5]ATE OR O!RWISE4 

,NONE ( ?IS IS TO DISP>AGE ! M9ORITY ( COMMITT$ ,M>XI/S :O HAVE S\<T TO RESCUE ,M>XISM FROM ! /5* ( ! GULAG2 IT IS M]ELY TO SUGGE/ ! AWESOME SCALE ( ?AT TASK4 

,BY CONTRA/1 ! CORE DEMOCRATIC MEASURES 9 ! ,COMMUNE--M&AT$ RECALLABLE DELEGATES1 COOP]ATIVE PRODUCTION1 MILITIAS ) ELECTIONS1 ETC4--DID NOT >ISE FROM NO:]E1 & C]TA9LY NOT FROM ,M>X'S E>LI] WORK4 ,!Y W]E1 RA!R1 ! LONG-/&+ PROGRAM ( ! ,PR\DHONI/S & ( ! AN>*I/S 7,BAKUN9 7.<#a#h#g.> #a#i#g#a71 BO? ( :I* CURR5TS W]E KEY GR\PS 9 ! ,COMMUNAL ,C\NCIL & ,CLUBS 7,MC,KAY #b#h2 ,BAKUN9 7.<#a#h#g.> #a#i#g#a72 !SE MEASURES W]E ALSO DEMON/RABLY C5TRAL TO ! LAT] AN>*I/ REVOLUTIONS1 AS PREVI\SLY %[N4 

,!RE IS1 9 %ORT1 NO NECESS>Y L9K BETWE5 C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & ,SOVIET ,UNION-TYPE TYRANNY4 ,BOL%EVISM TOOK P[] NOT DUE TO C\NCILS1 BUT ?R\< !IR DE/RUCTION4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! PROTECTION ( CIVIL & POLITICAL RI<TS 9 ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTIONS1 DESPITE W>TIME CONDITIONS1 FUR!R DISCR$ITS CLAIMS ?AT ,L59 & ,TROTSKY & ,/AL9 W]E '=C$' 9TO DICTATOR%IP4 

,! AN>*I/_/SYNDICALI/ ANALYSIS ( ! /ATE ALSO PROVIDES A REASONABLE EXPLANATION :Y ,L59 & ,TROTSKY W]E ABLE TO CREATE !IR DICTATOR%IP3 BY RECON/RUCT+ ! /ATE1 !Y C\LD C5TRALIZE ADM9I/RATION & CO]CION 9 ! H&S ( !IR P>TY1 FOLL[$ BY MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,?IS NEW /ATE DID NOT REQUIRE 7& 9DE$ C\LD NOT TOL]ATE7 AN 9DEP5D5T SY/EM ( C\NCIL DEMOCRACY & SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,& IT'S HEADS ?US SOON1 & 9EVITABLY1 F\ND !MSELVES CLA%+ ) ! POPUL> CLASSES ?AT !Y CLAIM$ TO REPRES5T4 

,CONCLUSION 

,WRIT+ ON ,*9A1 ,DIRLIK >GUES ?AT 'RECALL AN>*ISM1 :I* ,L59I/ ,M>XISM SUPPRESS$'1 IS TO 'RECALL ! DEMOCRATIC IDEALS = :I* AN>*ISM 444 S]V$ AS A REPOSITORY' 7#a#i#i#a1 #c-#d74 ,?IS PAP] HAS S\<T TO RECALL ?OSE IDEALS1 NOT AS AN EPITAPH1 NOR YET AS A DEF5SE ( EV]Y DOT & COMMA ( ! AN>*I/_/SYNDICALI/ TRADITION1 BUT TO RECALL PA?WAYS 9 LIB]T>IAN & SOCIALI/ ?\<T ?AT MOVE BEYOND ! IMPASSES ( CLASSICAL ,M>XISM1 LIB]ALISM1 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 & ! 'LIFE/YLE' POLITICS ( P]SONAL 7NOT SOCIAL7 *ANGE4 

,AN>*ISM REJECTS P>LIAM5T BECAUSE IT ASPIRES TO 'NO?+ LESS ?AN ! MO/ COMPLETE REALIZATION ( DEMOCRACY'1 'BAS$ ON ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY' 7VAN D] ,WALT & ,S*MIDT #b#i1 #g1 ORIG9AL EMPHASIS74 ,H]E1 COMMON [N]%IP ( MEANS ( PRODUCTION IS NECESS>Y BUT 9SUFFICI5T1 S9CE IT MU/ BE MAT*$ TO BOTTOM-UP DEMOCRATIC CONTROL ( ADM9I/RATION1 CO]CION & PRODUCTION G5]ALLY1 :I* MU/ ITSELF BE BAS$ UPON ! PR9CIPLE ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM4 

,GLAS] SUGGE/S ?IS LEVEL ( COLLECTIVE 'GOV]NANCE' IS NOT SO V]Y DIFF]5T TO '/ATES AS MO/ PEOPLE UND]/& ?IS T]M' 7#b#a#b1 #b#i#e74 ,V]Y FEW PEOPLE UND]/& 7& NONE EXP]I5CE7 ! /ATE 9 ?IS WAY4 ,! ISSUE1 MOREOV] IS NOT :AT 'MO/ PEOPLE' ?9K1 BUT H[ AN>*ISM_/SYNDICALISM UND]/&S ! /ATE3 A C5TRALIZ$ 9/ITUTION ( M9ORITY CLASS RULE1 IT IS ABOLI%$ BY G5U9E DEMOCRACY1 = :5 ! ':OLE PEOPLE GOV]N' !N '!RE WILL BE NO ONE TO BE GOV]N$ 444 !RE WILL BE NO GOV]NM5T1 NO ,/ATE' 7,BAKUN9 #a#i#e#c1 #b#h#g74 ,?US1 ,PRICE3 ',AN>*ISM IS DEMOCRACY )\T ! /ATE' 7#b#g1 #a#g#b1 ORIG9AL EMPHASIS74 

,ACKN[L$GM5TS 

,MY GRATITUDE TO ,W>R5 ,MC,GREGOR1 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY & ,NICOLE ,ULRI* = COMM5TS4 

,NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS 

,LUCI5 VAN D] ,WALT3 ,DEP>TM5T ( ,SOCIOLOGY & ,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIOLOGY1 ,RHODES ,UNIV]SITY1 ,S\? ,AFRICA4 

,NOTES 
,REF]5CES 

,BAKUN91 ,M4 #a#i#e#c4 0,CRITICISM ( ,M>XISM04 ,9 ,! ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,BAKUN91 ,$IT$ BY3 ,MAXIM(F1 ,G4 ,P4 #b#h#c-#b#h#i4 ,GL5COE3 ,FREE ,PRESS4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,BAKUN91 ,M4 .<#a#h#f#f.> #a#i#g#a4 0,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CATE*ISM04 ,9 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y1 ,$IT$ BY3 ,DOLG(F1 ,S4 #g#f-#i#g4 ,LONDON3 ,GEORGE ,ALL5 @& ,UNW94 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,BAKUN91 ,M4 .<#a#h#f#g.> #a#i#g#a4 0,F$]ALISM1 ,SOCIALISM1 ,ANTI-,!OLOGISM04 ,9 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y1 ,$IT$ BY3 ,DOLG(F1 ,S4 #a#b-#a#d#g4 ,LONDON3 ,GEORGE ,ALL5 @& ,UNW94 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,BAKUN91 ,M4 .<#a#h#g.> #a#i#g#a4 0,LETT]S TO A ,FR5*MAN ON ! ,CURR5T ,CRISIS04 ,9 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y1 ,$IT$ BY3 ,DOLG(F1 ,S4 #a#h#c-#b#a#g4 ,LONDON3 ,GEORGE ,ALL5 @& ,UNW94 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,BAKUN91 ,M4 .<#a#h#g#a.> #a#i#g#a4 0,! ,PROGRAM ( ! ,ALLIANCE04 ,9 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y1 ,$IT$ BY3 ,DOLG(F1 ,S4 #b#d#d-#b#e#h4 ,LONDON3 ,GEORGE ,ALL5 @& ,UNW94 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,BAKUN91 ,M4 .<#a#h#g#b.> #a#i#g#a4 0,LETT] TO ,LA ,LIB]TE04 ,9 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y1 ,$IT$ BY3 ,DOLG(F1 ,S4 #b#g#d-#b#h#e4 ,LONDON3 ,GEORGE ,ALL5 @& ,UNW94 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,BAKUN91 ,M4 N4D4 0,ON ! ,9T]NAL ,CONDUCT ( ! ,ALLIANCE04 ,9 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*ISM1 ,$IT$ BY3 ,DOLG(F1 ,S4 #c#h#e-#c#h#g4 ,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,C,N,T 7,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR74 .<,MAY #a1 #a#i#c#f.> N4D4 ,RESOLUTION ON ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM AS ADOPT$ BY ! ,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO1 ,Z>AGOZA1 ,MAY #a4 ,JOHANNESBURG3 ,ZABALAZA ,BOOKS .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,DIRLIK1 ,A4 #a#i#i#a4 ,AN>*ISM 9 ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION1 ,B]KELEY3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA4 .<,CROSSREF.>1 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,FRAS]1 ,R4 #a#i#g#i4 ,BLOOD ( ,SPA93 ,AN ,ORAL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,PAN!ON4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,G]?1 ,H4 #a#i#e#h4 ,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL3 ,M9UTES ( ! ,HAGUE ,CONF]5CE ( #a#h#g#b1 ,$IT$ BY3 ,G]?1 ,H4 ,MADISON3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,WISCONS94 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,GLAS]1 ,D4 #b#a#b4 ,VISIONS ( ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY FROM ,S\? ,AFRICA3 ,A ,CRITICAL ,REVIEW ( ,?REE ,REC5T ,CONTRIBUTIONS4 ,POLITIKON3 ,! ,S\? ,AFRICAN ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CE1 #c#i7#b73 #b#g#i-#b#i#h4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,HA1 ,KI ,RAK4 #a#i#h#f4 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,KOREAN ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T .<SIC4.>1 ,TEGU3 ,AN>*I/ ,PUBLI%+ ,COMMITTEE4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,KROPOTK91 ,P4 .<#a#i#a#b.> #a#i#g4 0,MOD]N ,SCI5CE & ,AN>*ISM04 ,9 ,KROPOTK9'S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,PAMPHLETS3 ,A ,COLLECTION ( ,WRIT+S1 ,$IT$ BY3 ,BALDW91 ,R4 ,N4 #a#d#e-#a#i#d4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,DOV]4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,LACLAU1 ,E4 & ,M\FFE1 ,C4 #a#i#h#e4 ,HEGEMONY & ,SOCIALI/ ,/RATEGY1 ,LONDON3 ,V]SO4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,MALATE/A1 ,E4 #a#i#f#e4 0,AN>*I/S & ! ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,MOVEM5TS04 ,9 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A3 ,HIS ,LIFE & ,IDEAS1 ,$IT$ BY3 ,RI*>DS1 ,V4 #a#a#c-#a#c#c4 ,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,MALET1 ,M4 #a#i#h#b4 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,CIVIL ,W>1 ,LONDON3 ,LONDON ,S*OOL ( ,ECONOMICS_/,MACMILLAN4 .<,CROSSREF.>1 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,M>X1 ,K4 & ,5GELS1 ,F4 .<#a#h#d#h.> #a#i#e#d4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O1 ,*ICAGO3 ,H5RY ,REGN]Y4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,MC,KAY1 ,I4 #b#h4 ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 ,M>XISM & ,AN>*ISM4 ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ ,REVIEW1 NO4 #e3 #b#d-#d#a4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,PALIJ1 ,M4 #a#i#g#f4 ,! ,AN>*ISM ( ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO #a#i#a#h-#a#i#b#a3 ,AN ,ASPECT ( ! ,UKRA9IAN ,REVOLUTION1 ,SEATTLE3 ,UNIV]SITY ,( ,WA%+TON4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,PRICE1 ,W4 #b#g4 ,! ,ABOLITION ( ! ,/ATE3 ,AN>*I/ & ,M>XI/ ,P]SPECTIVES1 ,BLOOM+TON3 ,AU?OR,H\SE4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,RA*MAN1 ,G4 #b#a4 0,! ,REALITIES ,BEH9D ! ,CULT ( ,LULA01 ,F9ANCIAL ,TIMES1 ,SEPTEMB] #bh .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

,ROCK]1 ,R4 .<#a#i#c#h.> #a#i#h#i4 ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM1 ,LONDON3 ,PLUTO4 .<,GOOGLE ,S*OL>.> 

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