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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALB]T ,P>SONS 

,TEXT 3 

,P>SONS1 ,A4,R4 7#a#h#h#g74 ,AN>*ISM3 ,ITS ,PHILOSOPHY & ,SCI5TIFIC ,BASIS4  

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,! VIEWS TAK5 9 ! PREC$+ >TICLE AS TO ! COMB9ATION ( EF=TS BE+ ! *IEF S\RCE ( \R WEAL? EXPLA9 :Y MO/ AN>*I/S SEE 9 COMMUNISM ! ONLY EQUITABLE SOLUTION AS TO ! ADEQUATE4 REMUN]ATION ( 9DIVIDUAL EF=TS4 ,!RE WAS A TIME :5 A FAMILY 5GAG$ 9 AGRICULTURE1 & SUPPORT$ BY A FEW DOME/IC TRADES1 C\LD CONSID] ! CORN !Y RAIS$ & ! PLA9 WOOL5 CLO? !Y WOVE AS PRODUCTIONS ( !IR [N & NOBODY ELSE'S LABOR4 ,EV5 !N SU* A VIEW WAS NOT QUITE CORRECT2 !RE W]E =E/S CLE>$ & ROADS BUILT BY COMMON EF=TS2 & EV5 !N ! FAMILY HAD CONT9UALLY TO APPLY = COMMUNAL HELP1 AS IT IS /ILL ! CASE 9 SO MANY VILLAGE COMMUNITIES4 ,BUT N[1 UND] ! EXTREMELY 9T]WOV5 /ATE ( 9DU/RY1 ( :I* EA* BRAN* SUPPORTS ALL O!RS1 SU* AN 9DIVIDUALI/IC VIEW CAN BE HELD NO MORE4 ,IF ! IRON TRADE & ! COTTON 9DU/RY ( ?IS C\NTRY HAVE REA*$ SO HI< A DEGREE ( DEVELOPM5T1 !Y HAVE DONE SO [+ TO ! P>ALLEL GR[? ( ?\S&S ( O!R 9DU/RIES1 GREAT & SMALL2 TO ! EXT5SION ( ! RAILWAY SY/EM2 TO AN 9CREASE ( KN[L$GE AMONG BO? ! SKILL$ 5G9E]S & ! MASS ( ! WORKM52 TO A C]TA9 TRA9+ 9 ORGANIZATION SL[LY DEVELOP$ AMONG ,BRITI% PRODUC]S2 &1 ABOVE ALL1 TO ! WORLD-TRADE :I* HAS ITSELF GR[N UP1 ?ANKS TO WORKS EXECUT$ ?\S&S ( MILES AWAY4 ,! ,ITALIANS :O DI$ FROM *OL]A 9 DIGG+ ! ,SUEZ ,CANAL1 OR FROM 0TUNNEL-DISEASE0 9 ! ,/4 ,GO?>D ,TUNNEL1 HAVE CONTRIBUT$ AS MU* T[>DS ! 5RI*M5T ( ?IS C\NTRY AS ! ,BRITI% GIRL :O IS PREMATURELY GR[+ OLD 9 S]V+ A MA*9E AT ,MAN*E/]2 & ?IS GIRL AS MU* AS ! 5G9E] :O MADE A LABOR-SAV+ IMPROVEM5T 9 \R MA*9]Y4 ,H[ CAN WE PRET5D TO E/IMATE ! EXACT P>T ( EA* ( !M 9 ! RI*ES ACCUMULAT$ >\ND US8 

,WE MAY ADMIRE ! 9V5TIVE G5IUS OR ! ORGANIZ+ CAPACITIES ( AN IRON LORD2 BUT WE MU/ RECOGNIZE ?AT ALL HIS G5IUS & 5]GY W\LD NOT REALIZE ONE-T5? ( :AT !Y REALIZE H]E IF !Y W]E SP5T 9 DEAL+ ) ,MONGOLIAN %EPH]DS OR ,SIB]IAN PEASANTS 9/EAD ( ,BRITI% WORKM51 ,BRITI% 5G9E]S1 & TRU/WOR?Y MANAG]S4 ,AN ,5GLI% MILLIONAIRE :O SUCCE$$ 9 GIV+ A P[]FUL IMPULSE TO A BRAN* ( HOME 9DU/RY WAS ASK$ ! O!R DAY :AT W]E1 9 HIS OP9ION1 ! REAL CAUSES ( HIS SUCCESS8 ,HIS ANSW] WAS3-0 ,I ALWAYS S\<T \T ! RI<T MAN = A GIV5 BRAN* ( ! CONC]N1 & ,I LEFT HIM FULL 9DEP5D5CE--MA9TA9+1 ( C\RSE1 = MYSELF ! G5]AL SUP]VISION40 0,DID Y\ NEV] FALL TO F9D SU* M54' WAS ! QUE/ION 0,NEV]40 0,BUT 9 ! NEW BRAN*ES :I* Y\ 9TRODUC$ Y\ WANT$ A NUMB] ( NEW 9V5TIONS40 0,NO D\BT2 WE SP5T ?\S&S 9 BUY+ PAT5TS40 ,?IS LITTLE COLLOQUY SUMS UP1 9 ,MY OP9ION1 ! REAL CASE ( ?OSE 9DU/RIAL UND]TAK+S :I* >E QUOT$ BY ! ADVOCATES ( 0AN ADEQUATE REMUN]ATION ( 9DIVIDUAL EF=TS0 9 ! %APE ( MILLIONS BE/[$ ON ! MANAG]S ( PROSP]\S 9DU/RIES4 ,IT %[S 9 H[ F> ! EF=TS >E REALLY 09DIVIDUAL4 ,LEAV+ ASIDE ! ?\S& CONDITIONS :I* SOMETIMES P]MIT A MAN TO %[1 & SOMETIMES PREV5T HIM FROM %[+1 HIS CAPACITIES TO !IR FULL EXT5T1 IT MI<T BE ASK$ 9 H[ F> ! SAME CAPACITIES C\LD BR+ \T ! SAME RESULTS1 IF ! V]Y SAME EMPLOY] C\LD F9D NO TRU/WOR?Y MANAG]S & NO SKILL$ WORKM51 & IF HUNDR$S ( 9V5TIONS W]E NOT /IMULAT$ BY ! ME*ANICAL TURN ( M9D ( SO MANY 9HABITANTS ( ?IS C\NTRY4 ,BRITI% 9DU/RY IS ! WORK ( ! ,BRITI% NATION1 NAY1 ( ,EUROPE & ,9DIA TAK5 TOGE!R-NOT ( SEP>ATE 9DIVIDUALS4 

,:ILE HOLD+ ?IS SYN!TIC VIEW ON PRODUCTION1 ! AN>*I/ CANNOT CONSID]1 LIKE ! COLLECTIVI/S1 ?AT A REMUN]ATION :I* W\LD BE PROPORTIONATE TO ! H\RS ( LABOR SP5T BY EA* P]SON 9 ! PRODUCTION ( RI*ES MAY BE AN IDEAL1 OR EV5 AN APPROA* TO AN IDEAL1 SOCIETY4 ,)\T 5T]+ H]E 9TO A DISCUSSION AS TO H[ F> ! EX*ANGE VALUE ( EA* M]*&ISE IS REALLY MEASUR$ N[ BY ! AM\NT ( LABOR NECESS>Y = ITS PRODUCTION--A SEP>ATE /UDY MU/ BE DEVOT$ TO ! SUBJECT-WE MU/ SAY ?AT ! COLLECTIVI/ IDEAL SEEMS TO US M]ELY UNREALIZABLE 9 A SOCIETY :I* W\LD BE BR\<T TO CONSID] ! NECESSITIES = PRODUCTION AS A COMMON PROP]TY4 ,SU* A SOCIETY W\LD BE COMPELL$ TO AB&ON ! WAGE-SY/EM ALTOGE!R4 ,IT APPE>S IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ! MITIGAT$ 9DIVIDUALISM ( ! COLLECTIVI/ S*OOL C\LD CO-EXI/ ) ! P>TIAL COMMUNISM IMPLI$ BY HOLD+ L& & MA*9]Y 9 COMMON-UNLESS IMPOS$ BY A P[]FUL GOV]NM5T1 MU* MORE P[]FUL ?AN ALL ?OSE ( \R [N TIMES4 ,! PRES5T WAGE-SY/EM HAS GR[N UP FROM ! APPROPRIATION ( ! NECESSITIES = PRODUCTION BY ! FEW2 IT WAS A NECESS>Y CONDITION = ! GR[? ( ! PRES5T CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION2 & IT CANNOT \TLIVE IT1 EV5 IF AN ATE TEMPT BE MADE TO PAY ! WORK] ! FULL VALUE ( HIS PRODUCE1 & MONEY BE ,SUB/ITUT$ BY H\RS ( LABOR *ECKS4 ,COMMON POSSESSION ( ! NECESS>IES = PRODUCTION IMPLIES ! COMMON 5JOYM5T ( ! FRUITS ( ! COMMON PRODUCTION2 & WE CONSID] ?AT AN EQUITABLE ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY CAN ONLY >ISE :5 EV]Y WAGE-SY/EM IS AB&ON$1 & :5 EV]YBODY1 CONTRIBUT+ = ! COMMON WELL-BE+ TO ! FULL EXT5T ( HIS CAPACITIES1 %ALL 5JOY ALSO FROM ! COMMON /OCK ( SOCIETY TO ! FULLE/ POSSIBLE EXT5T ( HIS NE$S4 

,WE MA9TA91 MOREOV]1 NOT ONLY ?AT COMMUNISM IS A DESIRABLE /ATE ( SOCIETY1 BUT ?AT ! GR[+ T5D5CY ( MOD]N SOCIETY IS PRECISELY T[>DS COMMUNISM-FREE COMMUNISM-NOT)/&+ ! SEEM+LY CONTRADICTORY GR[? ( 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,9 ! GR[? ( 9DIVIDUALISM 7ESPECIALLY DUR+ ! LA/ ?REE C5TURIES7 WE M]ELY SEE ! 5DEAVORS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL T[>DS EMANCIPAT+1 HIMSELF FROM ! /EADILY GR[+ P[]S ( CAPITAL & /ATE4 ,BUT SIDE BY SIDE ) ?IS GR[? WE SEE ALSO1 ?R\<\T HI/ORY UP TO \R [N TIMES1 ! LAT5T /RUGGLE ( ! PRODUC]S ( WEAL? = MA9TA9+ ! P>TIAL COMMUNISM ( OLD1 AS WELL AS = RE9TRODUC+ COMMUNI/ PR9CIPLES 9 A NEW %APE1 AS SOON AS FAVORABLE CONDITIONS P]MIT IT4 ,AS SOON AS ! COMMUNES ( ! T5?1 ELEV5?1 & TWELF? C5TURIES W]E 5ABL$ TO />T !IR [N 9DEP5D5T LIFE1 !Y GAVE A WIDE EXT5SION TO WORK 9 COMMON1 TO TRADE 9 COMMON1 & TO A P>TIAL CONSUMPTION 9 COMMON4 ,ALL ?IS HAS DISAPPE>$2 BUT ! RURAL COMMUNE FI<TS A H>D /RUGGLE TO MA9TA9 ITS OLD FEATURES1 & IT SUCCE$S 9 MA9TA9+ !M 9 MANY PLACES ( ,EA/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SWITZ]L&1 & EV5 ,FRANCE & ,G]MANY2 :ILE NEW ORGANIZATIONS1 BAS$ ON ! SAME PR9CIPLES1 NEV] FAIL TO GR[ UP AS SOON AS IT IS POSSIBLE4 ,NOT)/&+ ! EGOTI/IC TURN GIV5 TO ! PUBLIC M9D BY ! M]*ANT-PRODUCTION ( \R C5TURY1 ! COMMUNI/ T5D5CY IS CONT9UALLY REASS]T+ ITSELF & TRY+ TO MAKE ITS WAY 9TO PUBLIC LIFE4 ,! P5NY BRIDGE DISAPPE>S BE=E ! PUBLIC BRIDGE2 SO ALSO ! ROAD :I* =M]LY HAD TO BE PAID = ITS USE4 ,! SAME SPIRIT P]VADES ?\S&S ( O!R 9/ITUTIONS4 ,MUSEUMS1 FREE LIBR>IES1 & FREE PUBLIC S*OOLS2 P>KS & PLEASURE GR\NDS2 PAV$ & LI<T$ /REETS1 FREE = EV]Y BODY'S USE2 WAT] SUPPLI$ TO PRIVATE DWELL+S1 ) A GR[+ T5D5CY T[>DS DISREG>D+ ! EXACT AM\NT ( IT US$ BY ! 9DIVIDUAL2 TRAMWAYS & RAILWAYS :I* HAVE ALREADY BEGUN TO 9TRODUCE ! SEASON TICKET OR ! UNI=M TAX1 & WILL SURELY GO MU* FUR!R ON ?IS L9E :5 !Y >E NO LONG] PRIVATE PROP]TY2 ALL !SE >E TOK5S %[+ 9 :I* DIRECTION FUR!R PROGRESS IS TO BE EXPECT$4 

,IT IS 9 PUTT+ ! WANTS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL ABOVE ! VALUATION ( ! S]VICES HE HAS R5D]$1 OR MI<T R5D]1 TO SOCIETY2 IT IS 9 CONSID]+ SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 SO 9TIMATELY CONNECT$ ?AT A S]VICE R5D]$ TO ANV 9DIVIDUAL IS A S]VICE R5D]$ TO ! :OLE SOCIETY4 ,! LIBR>IAN ( ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM DOES NOT ASK ! READ] :AT HAVE BE5 HIS PREVI\S S]VICES TO SOCIETY1 LIE SIMPLY GIVES HIM ! BOOKS HE REQUIRES2 & = A UNI=M FEE1 A SCI5TIFIC SOCIETY LEAVES ITS G>D5S & MUSEUMS AT ! FREE DISPOSAL ( EA* MEMB]4 ,! CREW ( A LIFE-BOAT DO NOT ASK :E!R ! M5 ( A DI/RESS$ %IP >E 5TITL$ TO BE RESCU$ AT A RISK ( LIFE2 & ! ,PRISON]S' ,AID ,SOCIETY DO NOT 9QUIRE :AT ! RELEAS$ PRISON] IS WOR?4 ,H]E >E M5 9 NE$ ( A S]VICE2 !Y >E FELL[ M51 & NO FUR!R RI<TS >E REQUIR$4 ,& IF ?IS V]Y CITY1 SO EGOTI/IC TO-DAY1 BE VISIT$ BY A PUBLIC CALAMITY-LET IT BE BE SIEG$1 = EXAMPLE1 LIKE ,P>IS 9 #a#h#g#a1 & EXP]I5CE DUR+ ! SIEGE A WANT ( FOOD-?IS V]Y SAME CITY W\LD BE UNANIM\S 9 PROCLAIM+ ?AT ! FIR/ NE$S TO BE SATISFI$ >E ?OSE ( ! *ILDR5 & OLD1 NO MATT] :AT S]VICES !Y MAY R5D] OR HAVE R5D]$ TO SOCIETY4 ,& IT W\LD TAKE C>E ( ! ACTIVE DEF5D]S ( ! CITY1 :ATEV] ! DEGREES ( GALLANTRY DISPLAY$ BY EA* ( !M4 ,BUT1 ?IS T5D5CY ALREADY EXI/+1 NOBODY WILL D5Y1 ,I SUPPOSE1 ?AT1 9 PROPORTION AS HUMANITY IS RELIEV$ FROM ITS H>D /RUGGLE = LIFE1 ! SAME T5D5CY WILL GR[ /RONG]4 ,IF \R PRODUCTIVE P[]S BE FULLY APPLI$ = 9CREAS+ ! /OCK ( ! /APLE NECESSITIES = LIFE2 IF A MODIFICATION ( ! PRES5T CONDITIONS ( PROP]TY 9CREAS$ ! NUMB] ( PRODUC]S BY ALL ?OSE :O >E NOT PRODUC]S ( WEAL? N[2 & IF MANUAL LABOR RECONQU]$ ITS PLACE ( HONOR 9 SOCIETY-ALL ?IS DEC\PL+ \R PRODUCTION & R5D]+ LABOR EASI] & MORE ATTRACTIVE-! COMMUNI/ T5D5CIES ALREADY EXI/+ W\LD IMM$IATELY 5L>GE !IR SPH]E ( APPLICATION4 

,TAK+ ALL ?AT 9TO ACC\NT1 & /ILL MORE ! PRACTICAL ASPECTS ( ! QUE/ION AS TO H[ PRIVATE PROP]TY MI<T BECOME COMMON PROP]TY1 MO/ ( ! AN>*I/S MA9TA9 ?AT ! V]Y NEXT /EP TO BE MADE BY SOCIETY1 AS SOON AS ! PRES5T REGIME ( PROP]TY UND]GOES A MODIFICATION1 WILL BE 9 A COMMUNI/ S5SE4 ,WE >E COMMUNI/S4 ,BUT \R COMMUNISM IS NOT ?AT ( EI!R ! ,PHALAN/]E OR ! AU?ORIT>IAN S*OOL3 IT IS AN>*I/ COMMUNISM1 COMMUNISM )\T GOV]NM5T1 FREE COMMUNISM4 ,IT IS A SYN!SIS ( ! TWO *IEF AIMS PROSECUT$ BY HUMANITY S9CE ! DAWN ( ITS HI/ORY -- ECONOMICAL FRE$OM & POLITICAL FRE$OM4 

,I HAVE ALREADY SAID ?AT AN>*Y MEANS NO-GOV]NM5T4 ,WE KN[ WELL ?AT ! WORD 0AN>*Y0 IS ALSO US$ 9 ! CURR5T LANGUAGE AS SYNONYM\S ) DISORD]4 ,BUT ?AT MEAN+ ( 0AN>*Y10 BE+ A D]IV$ ONE1 IMPLIES AT LEA/ TWO SUPPOSITIONS4 ,IT IMPLIES1 FIR/1 ?AT :]EV] !RE IS NO GOV]NM5T !RE IS DISORD]2 & IT IMPLIES1 MOREOV]1 ?AT ORD]1 DUE TO A /RONG GOV]NM5T & A /RONG POLICE1 IS ALWAYS B5EFICIAL4 ,BO? IMPLICATIONS1 H[EV]1 >E ANY?+ BUT PROV$4 ,!RE IS PL5TY ( ORD]-WE %\LD SAY1 ( H>MONY--9 MANY BRAN*ES ( HUMAN ACTIVITY :]E ! GOV]NM5T1 HAPPILY1 DOES NOT 9T]F]E4 ,AS TO ! B5EFICIAL EFFECTS ( ORD]1 ! K9D ( ORD] ?AT REIGN$ AT ,NAPLES UND] ! ,B\RBONS SURELY WAS NOT PREF]ABLE TO SOME DISORD] />T$ BY ,G>IBALDI2 :ILE ! PROTE/ANTS ( ?IS C\NTRY WILL PROBABLY SAY ?AT ! GOOD DEAL ( DISORD] MADE BY ,LU!R WAS PREF]ABLE1 AT ANY RATE1 TO ! ORD] :I* REIGN$ UND] ! ,POPE4 ,AS TO ! PROV]BIAL 0ORD]0 :I* WAS ONCE 0RE/OR$ AT ,W>SAW10 !RE >E1 ,I SUPPOSE1 NO TWO OP9IONS AB\T IT4 ,:ILE ALL AGREE ?AT H>MONY IS ALWAYS DESIRABLE1 !RE IS NO SU* UNANIMITY AB\T ORD]1 & /ILL LESS AB\T ! 0ORD]0 :I* IS SUPPOS$ TO REIGN 9 \R MOD]N SOCIETIES2 SO ?AT WE HAVE NO OBJECTION :ATEV] TO ! USE ( ! WORD 0AN>*Y0 AS A NEGATION ( :AT HAS BE5 (T5 DESCRIB$ AS ORD]4 

,BY TAK+ = \R WAT*WORD AN>*Y1 9 ITS S5SE ( NO-GOV]NM5T1 WE 9T5D TO EXPRESS A PRON\NC$ T5D5CY ( HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,9 HI/ORY WE SEE ?AT PRECISELY ?OSE EPO*S :5 SMALL P>TS ( HUMANITY BROKE D[N ! P[] ( !IR RUL]S & REASSUM$ !IR FRE$OM W]E EPO*S ( ! GREATE/ PROGRESS1 ECONOMICAL & 9TELLECTUAL4 ,BE IT ! GR[? ( ! FREE CITIES1 :OSE UNRIVAL$ MONUM5TS--FREE WORK ( FREE ASSOCIATIONS ( WORK]S--/ILL TE/IFY TO ! REVIVAL TO ! M9D & ( ! WELL-BE+ ( ! CITIZ52 BE IT ! GREAT MOVEM5T :I* GAVE BIR? TO ! ,RE=MATION--?OSE EPO*S WITNESS$ ! GREATE/ PROGRESS :5 ! 9DIVIDUAL RECOV]$ SOME P>T ( HIS FRE$OM4 ,& IF WE C>EFULLY WAT* ! PRES5T DEVELOPM5T ( CIVILIZ$ NATIONS1 WE CANNOT FAIL TO DISCOV] 9 IT A M>K$ & EV]-GR[+ MOVEM5T T[>DS LIMIT+ MORE & MORE ! SPH]E ( ACTION ( GOV]NM5T1 SO AS TO LEAVE MORE & MORE LIB]TY TO ! 9ITIATIVE ( ! ,9DIVIDUAL4 ,AFT] HAV+ TRI$ ALL K9DS ( GOV]NM5T1 & 5DEAVOR$ TO SOLVE ! 9SOLUBLE PROBLEM ( HAV+ A GOV]NM5T 0:I* MI<T COMPEL ! 9DIVIDUAL TO OB$I5CE1 )\T ESCAP+ ITSELF FROM OB$I5CE TO COLLECTIVITY10 HUMANITY IS TRY+ N[ TO FREE ITSELF FROM ! BONDS ( ANY GOV]NM5T :ATEV]1 & TO RESPOND TO ITS NE$S ( ORGANIZATION BY ! FREE UND]/&+ BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS PROSECUT+ ! SAME COMMON AIMS4 ,HOME RULE EV5 = ! SMALLE/ T]RITORIAL UNIT OR A GR\P1 BECOMES A GR[+ NE$2 FREE AGREEM5T IS BECOM+ A SUB/ITUTE = LAW2 & FREE COOP]ATION A SUB/ITUTE = GOV]NM5TAL GU>DIAN%IP4 ,ONE AFT] ! O!R ?OSE FUNCTIONS :I* W]E CONSID]$ AS ! FUNCTIONS ( GOV]NM5T DUR+ ! LA/ TWO C5TURIES >E DISPUT$2 SOCIETY MOVES BETT] ! LESS IT IS GOV]N$4 ,& ! MORE WE /UDY ! ADVANCE MADE 9 ?IS DIRECTION1 AS WELL AS ! 9ADEQUACY ( GOV]NM5TS TO FULFILL ! EXPECTATIONS LAID 9 !M1 ! MORE WE >E B\ND TO CONCLUDE ?AT HUMANITY1 BY /EADILY LIMIT+ ! FUNCTIONS ( GOV]NM5T4 IS M>*+ T[>DS R$UC+ !M F9ALLY TO NIL2 & WE ALREADY SEE A /ATE ( SOCIETY :]E ! LIB]TY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL WILL BE LIMIT$ BY NO LAWS1 NO BONDS-BY NO?+ ELSE BUT HIS [N SOCIAL HABITS & ! NECESSITY1 :I* EV]YONE FEELS1 ( F9D+ COOP]ATION1 SUPPORT1 & SYMPA?Y AMONG HIS NEI<BORS4 

,( C\RSE1 ! NO-GOV]NM5T E?ICS WILL MEET ) AT LEA/ AS MANY OBJECTIONS AS ! NO-CAPITAL ECONOMICS4 ,\R M9DS HAVE BE5 SO NURTUR$ 9 PREJUDICES AS TO ! PROVID5TIAL FUNCTIONS ( GOV]NM5T ?AT AN>*I/ IDEAS MU/ BE RECEIV$ ) DI/RU/4 ,\R :OLE $UCATION1 S9CE *ILDHOOD UP TO ! GRAVE1 NURTURES ! BELIEF 9 ! NECESSITY ( A GOV]NM5T & ITS B5EFICIAL EFFECTS4 ,SY/EMS ( PHILOSOPHY HAVE BE5 ELABORAT$ TO SUPPORT ?IS VIEW2 HI/ORY HAS BE5 WRITT5 FROM ?IS /&PO9T2 !ORIES ( LAW HAVE BE5 CIRCULAT$ & TAU<T = ! SAME PURPOSE4 ,ALL POLITICS >E BAS$ ON ! SAME PR9CIPLE1 EA* POLITICIAN SAY+ TO PEOPLE HE WANTS TO SUPPORT HIM3 0,GIVE ME ! GOV]NM5TAL P[]2 ,I WILL1 ,I CAN1 RELIEVE Y\ FROM ! H>D%IPS ( Y\R PRES5T LIFE4 ,ALL \R $UCATION IS P]MEAT$ ) ! SAME TEA*+S4 ,WE MAY OP5 ANY BOOK ( SOCIOLOGY1 HI/ORY1 LAW1 OR E?ICS2 EV]Y:]E WE F9D GOV]NM5T1 ITS ORGANIZATION1 ITS DE$S1 PLAY+ SO PROM95T A P>T ?AT WE GR[ ACCU/OM$ TO SUPPOSE ?AT ! ,/ATE & ! POLITICAL M5 >E EV]Y?+2 ?AT !RE IS NO?+ BEH9D ! BIG /ATESM54 ,! SAME TEA*+S >E DAILY REPEAT$ 9 ! PRESS4 ,:OLE COLUMNS >E FILL$ UP ) M9UTE/ RECORDS ( P>LIAM5T>Y DEBATES1 ( MOVEM5TS ( POLITICAL P]SONS2 &1 :ILE READ+ !SE COLUMNS1 WE TOO (T5 =GET ?AT !RE IS AN IMM5SE BODY ( M5 MANK9D1 9 FACT--GR[+ & DY+1 LIV+ 9 HAPP9ESS OR SORR[1 LABOR+ & CONSUM+1 ?9K+ & CREAT+1 BESIDES ?OSE FEW M5 :OSE IMPORTANCE HAS BE5 SWOLL5 UP AS TO OV]%AD[ HUMANITY4 

,& YET1 IF WE REV]T FROM ! PR9T$ MATT] TO \R REAL LIFE1 & CA/ A BROAD GLANCE ON SOCIETY AS IT IS1 WE >E /RUCK ) ! 9F9ITESIMAL P>T PLAY$ BY GOV]NM5T 9 \R LIFE4 ,MILLIONS ( HUMAN BE+S LIVE & DIE )\T HAV+ HAD ANY?+ TO DO )\T ! GOV]NM5T4 ,EV]Y DAY MILLIONS ( TRANSACTIONS >E MADE )\T ! SLI<TE/ 9T]F]5CE ( GOV]NM5T2 & ?OSE :O 5T] 9TO AGREEM5TS HAVE NOT ! SLI<TE/ 9T5TION ( BREAK+ B>GA9S4 ,NAY1 ?OSE AGREEM5TS :I* >E NOT PROTECT$ BY GOV]NM5T 7?OSE ( ! EX*ANGE1 OR C>D DEBTS7 >E P]HAPS BETT] KEPT ?AN ANY O!RS4 ,! SIMPLE HABIT ( KEEP+ HIS WORD1 ! DESIRE ( NOT LOS+ CONFID5CE1 >E QUITE SUFFICI5T 9 ! IMM5SE OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( CASES TO 5=CE ! KEEP+ ( AGREEM5TS4 ,( C\RSE1 IT MAY BE SAID ?AT !RE IS /ILL ! GOV]NM5T :I* MI<T 5=CE !M IF NECESS>Y4 ,BUT NOT TO SPEAK ( ! NUMB]LESS CASES :I* EV5 C\LD NOT BE BR\<T BE=E A C\RT1 EV]YBODY :O HAS ! SLI<TE/ ACQUA9TANCE ) TRADE WILL UND\BT$LY CONFIRM ! ASS]TION ?AT1 IF !RE W]E NOT SO /RONG A FEEL+ ( HONOR TO KEEP AGREEM5TS1 TRADE ITSELF W\LD BECOME UTT]LY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,EV5 ?OSE M]*ANTS & MANUFACTUR]S :O FEEL NOT ! SLI<TE/ REMORSE :5 POISON+ !IR CU/OM]S ) ALL K9D ( ABOM9ABLE DRUGS1 DULY LABEL$1 EV5 !Y ALSO KEEP !IR COMM]CIAL AGREEM5TS4 ,BUT1 IF SU* A RELATIVE MORALITY AS COMM]CIAL HONE/Y EXI/S N[1 -UND] ! PRES5T CONDITIONS1 :5 5RI*M5T IS ! *IEF MOTIVE1 ! SAME FEEL+ WILL FUR!R DEVELOP V]Y FA/ AS SOON AS ROBB+ SOMEBODY ( ! FRUITS ( HIS LABOR IS NO LONG] ! ECONOMICAL BASIS ( \R LIFE4 

,ANO!R /RIK+ FEATURE ( \R C5TURY TELLS 9 FAVOR ( ! SAME NO-GOV]NM5T T5D5CY4 ,IT IS ! /EADY' 5L>GEM5T ( ! HELD COV]$ BY PRIVATE 9ITIATIVE1 & ! REC5T GR[? ( L>GE ORGANIZATIONS RESULT+ M]ELY & SIMPLY FROM FREE AGREEM5T4 ,! RAILWAY 4NET ( ,EUROPE-A CONF$]ATION ( SO MANY SCORES ( SEP>ATE SOCIETIES-' & ! DIRECT TRANSPORT ( PASS5G]S & M]*&ISE OV] SO MANY L9ES :I* W]E BUILT 9DEP5D5TLY & F$]AT$ TOGE!R1 )\T EV5 SO MU* AS A C5TRAL BO>D ( ,EUROPEAN RAILWAYS1 >E A MO/ /RIK+ 9/ANCE ( :AT IS ALREADY DONE BY M]E AGREEM5T4 ,IF FIFTY YE>S AGO SOMEBODY HAD PR$ICT$ ?AT RAILWAYS -BUILT BY SO MANY SEP>ATE COMPANIES F9ALLY W\LD CON/ITUTE SO P]FECT A NET AS !Y DO TO-DAY1 HE SURELY W\LD HAVE BE5 TREAT$ AS A FOOL4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 URG$ ?AT SO MANY COMPANIES1 PROSECUT+ !IR [N 9T]E/S1 W\LD NEV] AGREE )\T AN 9T]NATIONAL BO>D ( RAILWAYS1 SUPPORT$ BY AN 9T]NATIONAL CONV5TION ( ! ,EUROPEAN ,/ATES1 & 5D[$ ) GOV]NM5TAL P[]S4 ,BUT NO SU* BO>D WAS RESORT$ TO1 & ! AGREEM5T CAME NEV]!LESS4 ,! ,DUT* ,BEURD5 EXT5D+ N[ !IR ORGANIZATIONS OV] ! RIV]S ( ,G]MANY1 & EV5 TO ! %IPP+ TRADE ( ! ,BALTIC2 ! NUMB]LESS AMALGAMAT$ MANUFACTUR]S ASSOCIATIONS1 & ! SYNDICATS ( ,FRANCE1 >E SO MANY 9/ANCES 9 PO9T4 ,IF IT BE >GU$ ?AT MANY ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS >E ORGANIZATIONS = EXPLOITATION1 IT W\LD PROVE NO?+1 BECAUSE1 IF M5 PROSECUT+ !IR [N EGOTI/IC1 (T5 V]Y N>R[1 9T]E/S CAN AGREE TOGE!R1 BETT] 9SPIR$ 'M51 COMPELL$ TO BE MORE CLOSELY CONNECT$ ) O!R GR\PS1 WILL NECESS>ILY AGREE /ILL EASI] & /ILL BETT]4 

,BUT !RE ALSO IS NO LACK ( FREE ORGANIZATIONS = NOBL] PURSUITS4 ,ONE ( ! NOBLE/ A*IEVEM5TS ( \R C5TURY IS UND\BT$LY ! ,LIFEBOAT ,ASSOCIATION4 ,S9CE ITS FIR/ HUMBLE />T1 :I* WE ALL REMEMB]1 IT HAS SAV$ NO LESS ?AN #c#b1 HUMAN LIVES4 ,IT MAKES APPEAL TO ! NOBLE/ 9/9CTS ( MAN2 ITS ACTIVITY IS 5TIRELY DEP5D5T UPON DEVOTION TO ! COMMON CAUSE2 :ILE ITS 9T]NAL ORGANIZATION IS 5TIRELY BAS$ UPON ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ! LOCAL COMMITTEES4 ,! ,HOSPITALS ,ASSOCIATION & HUNDR$S ( LIKE ORGANIZATIONS1 OP]AT+ UPON A L>GE SCALE & COV]+ EA* A WIDE FIELD1 MAY ALSO BE M5TION$ UND] ?IS HEAD4 ,BUT1 :ILE WE KN[ EV]Y?+ AB\T GOV]NM5TS & !IR DE$S :AT DO WE KN[ AB\T ! RESULTS A*IEV$ BY FREE COOP]ATION8 ,?\S&S ( VOLUMES HAVE BE5 WRITT5 TO RECORD ! ACTS ( GOV]NM5TS2 ! MO/ TRIFL+ AMELIORATION DUE TO LAW HAS BE5 RECORD$2 ITS GOOD EFFECTS HAVE BE5 EXAGG]AT$1 ITS BAD EFFECTS PASS$ BY 9 SIL5CE4 ,BUT :]E IS ! BOOK RECORD+ :AT HAS BE5 A*IEV$ BY FREE COOP]ATION ( WELL-9SPIR$ M58-,AT ! SAME TIME1 HUNDR$S ( SOCIETIES >E CON/ITUT$ EV]Y DAY = ! SATISFACTION ( SOME ( ! 9F9ITELY V>I$ NE$S ( CIVILIZ$ M54 ,WE HAVE SOCIETIES = ALL POSSIBLE K9DS ( /UDIES-SOME ( !M EMBRAC+ ! :OLE FIELD ( NATURAL SCI5CE1 O!RS LIMIT$ TO A SMALL SPECIAL BRAN*2 SOCIETIES = GYMNA/ICS1 = %OR?&-WRIT+1 = ! /UDY ( A SEP>ATE AU?OR1 = GAMES1 & ALL K9DS ( SPORT1 = =W>D+ ! SCI5CE ( MA9TA9+ LIFE1 & = FAVOR+ ! KN[L$GE ( H[ TO DE/ROY IT2 PHILOSOPHICAL & 9DU/RIAL1 >TI/IC & ANTI->TI/IC2 = S]I\S WORK & = M]E AMUSEM5T-9 %ORT1 !RE IS NOT A S+LE DIRECTION 9 :I* M5 W\LD EX]CISE !IR FACULTIES )\T COMB9+ TOG-E!R = ! PROSECUTION ( SOME COMMON AIM4 ,EV]Y DAY NEW SOCIETIES >E =M$1 :ILE EV]Y YE> ! OLD ONES AGGREGATE TOGE!R 9TO L>G] UNITS1 F$]ATE ACROSS ! NATIONAL FRONTI]S1 & COOP]ATE 9 SOME COMMON WORK1 

,! MO/ /RIK+ FEATURE ( !SE NUMB]LESS FREE GR[?S IS ?AT !Y CONT9UALLY 5CROA* UPON ,:AT WAS =M]LY ! DOMA9 ( ! ,/ATE OR ! ,MUNICIPALITY4 ,A H\SEHOLD] 9 A ,SWISS VILLAGE ON ! BANKS ( ,LAKE ,LEMAN BELONGS N[ TO1 AT LEA/1 A DOZ5 DIFF]5T SOCIETIES :I* SUPPLY HIM ) :AT IS CONSID]$ ELSE:]E AS A FUNCTION ( ! MUNICIPAL GOV]NM5T4 ,FREE F$]ATION ( 9DEP5D5T COMMUNES = TEMPOR>Y OR P]MAN5T PURPOSES LIES AT ! V]Y BOTTOM ( ,SWISS LIFE1 & TO !SE F$]ATIONS MANY A P>T ( ,SWITZ]L& IS 9DEBT$ = ITS ROADS & F\NTA9S1 ITS RI* V9EY>DS1 WELL- KEPT =E/S1 & MEAD[S :I* ! =EIGN] ADMIRES4 ,& BESIDE !SE SMALL SOCIETIES1 SUB/ITUT+ !MSELVES = ! ,/ATE )9 SOME LIMIT$ SPH]E1 DO WE NOT SEE O!R SOCIETIES DO+ ! SAME ON A MU* WID] SCALE8 ,EA* ,G]MAN ,BURG] IS PR\D ( ! ,G]MAN >MY1 BUT FEW ( !M KN[ H[ MU* IT 'BORR[S ( ITS =CE FROM ! NUMB]LESS PRIVATE SOCIETIES = MILIT>Y /UDIES1 EX]CISE1 & GAMES2 & H[ FEW >E ?OSE :O UND]/& ?AT !IR >MY W\LD BECOME AN 9COH]5T MASS ( M5 ! 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

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