,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a 
,CAPITALISM-,ITS ,DEVELOPM5T ,9 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 

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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALB]T ,P>SONS 

,TEXT 3 

,P>SONS1 ,ALB]T ,RI*>D4 ,AN>*ISM3 ,ITS ,PHILOSOPHY & ,SCI5TIFIC ,BASIS AS DEF9$ BY SOME ( ITS APO/LES4 ,*ICAGO1 ,MRS4 ,A4 ,R4 ,P>SONS .<C#a#h#h#g.>4 

  

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,AMONG ALL NATIONS1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA HAS ALONE POSSESS$ ! OPPORTUNITY = DEVELOP+ REPRES5TATIVE OR ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T TO ITS UTMO/4 ,SEP>AT$ BY TWO OCEANS1 ISOLAT$ & COMP>ATIVELY SECURE FROM SUDD5 9VASION OR ! DIPLOMATIC EMBROGLIOS ( IMP]IALI/IC ,EUROPE & ,ASIA1 ! UNIT$ CAPACITY ( ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T TO M9I/] TO ! PEACE & WELF>E ( ITS CITIZ5S & ! EXP]I5CE --HI/ORY--( ONE HUNDR$ YE>S HAS =M$ ! RECORD FROM :I* ! LIV+ PRES5T LE>NS ITS LESSON ( ! PA/4 ,FREE GOV]NM5T1 A FREE PEOPLE1 WAS ! TALISMANIC *>M :I* CAUS$ ! EMIGRANT TO AB&ON ! OLD WORLD & HA/5 TO ! NEW4 

,! POPULATION ( ! COLONIES 9 #aggf WAS #c1#e14 ,TODAY ! POPULATION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS E/IMAT$ AT #f#e114 ,! CONTROLL+ 9FLU5CE :I* IMPELL$ ! EMIGRANT TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS ! BELIEF 9 ! 9DUCEM5T HELD \T ?AT A HOME = HIS LOV$ ONES C\LD BE ACQUIR$4 ,IT IS1 !RE=E1 A FACT1 ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS BE5 DEVELOP$ & POPULAT$ BECAUSE ( ECONOMIC RA!R ?AN POLITICAL 9FLU5CES4 ,IT HAS BE5 & IS /ILL ! BELIEF ( MANY ?AT ! COMP>ATIVE ECONOMIC FRE$OM :I* ! POOR HAVE 5JOY$ ILL ?IS C\NTRY WAS [+ TO ITS POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 ITS REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T4 ,LORD ,MACAULEY1 :OSE PROGNO/ICATION IS QUOT$ AT ! OP5+ ( ?IS *APT]1 =ESAW :AT EXP]I5CE HAS S9CE DEMON/RAT$1 TO-WIT3 ,?AT ! ,REPUBLIC ITSELF WAS ! RESULT & ! CAUSE ( ! COMP>ATIVE ECONOMIC LIB]TY :I* PREVIL$ 9 ,AM]ICA4 

,! REVOLUTION ( #aggf WAS PRECIPITAT$ :5 ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T S\<T TO IMPOSE 0TAXATION )\T REPRES5TATION0 UPON ! COLONIES1 BUT !RE WAS A LONG ANTEC$5T TRA9 ( (F5SES :I* ! COLONI/S HAD 5DUR$4 ,! ,BRITI% NOBILITY1 >I/OCRATS & L&LORDS HAD BE5 = YE>S PA/ 5GAG$ 9 SEIZ+ UPON ! WILD L&S ( ,AM]ICA & SUBJECT+ ITS 9HABITANTS TO ! S]VITUDE PREVAIL+ 9 ! OLD WORLD4 ,A FEW NOBLEM5 HELD 0PAT5TS0 FROM ,GEORGE ,I,I,I1 :I* COV]$ VA/ REGIONS ( T]RITORY & EMBRAC$ MILLIONS ( ACRES4 ,! REVOLUTION ( #aggf WAS 9SPIR$ BY DET]M9ATION TO ESCAPE ! TYRANNY ( ,BRITI% RULE1 FROM ! OPPRESSIONS ( :I* MO/ ( ! ,AM]ICAN COLONI/S HAD FL$4 ,! AU?ORS ( ! ',DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE GAVE ! KEY-NOTE ( ?AT /RUGGLE :5 !Y PROCLAIM$ ! 9ALI5ABLE ,RI<TS ( ,MAN AS ! ISSUE 9VOLV$4 ,DUR+ ! SEV5 YE>S' W> :I* FOLL[$1 & = FIVE YE>S AFT]W>DS 7#a#g#h#g7 ! 9HABITANTS ( ! COLONIES W]E PRACTICALLY )\T GOV]NM5T OR LAW4 ,?OMAS ,PA9E1 ( :OM IT HAS BE5 SAID HE DID AS MU* ) HIS P5 AS4 ,WA%+TON HAD DONE ) HIS SWORD = ,AM]ICAN LIB]TY1 DESCRIBES 9 HIS WRIT+S ! MOTIVES & PURPOSES ( ! M5 5GAG$ 9 ?AT CONFLICT4 ,PA9E'S WORK1 5TITL$ 0,RI<TS ( ,MAN10 EMBODI$ ! 0,AM]ICAN ,IDEA0 ( LIB]TY AS !N CONT5D$ =4 ,HE SAYS3 

,IT IS !RE=E A P]V]SION ( T]MS TO SAY ?AT A *>T] 7GOV]NM5T7 GIVES RI<TS4 ,IT OP]ATES BY A CONTR>Y EFFECT1--?AT ( TAK+ RI<TS AWAY4 ,RI<TS >E 9H]5TLY 9 ALL ! 9HABITANTS1 BUT *>T]S1 BY ANNULL+ ?OSE RI<TS 9 ! MAJORITY1 LEAVE ! RI<T BY EXCLUSION 9 ! B&S ( A FEW4 ,IF *>T]S W]E CON/RUCT$ SO AS TO EXPRESS 9 DIRECT T]MS 0?AT EV]Y 9HABITANT :O IS NOT A MEMB] ( A CORPORATION %ALL NOT EX]CISE ! RI<T ( VOT+10 SU* *>T]S W\LD1 9 ! FACE1 BE *>T]S1 NOT ( RI<TS1 BUT ( EXCLUSION4 ,! EFFECT IS ! SAME UND] ! =M 9 :I* !Y N[ /&2 ! ONLY P]SONS ON :OM !Y N[ OP]ATE >E ! P]SONS :OM !Y EXCLUDE4 

,! P]IOD FOLL[+ ! W>1 :5 ! COLONIES OR /ATES W]E 5GAG$ 9 FRAM+ ! NATIONAL CON/ITUTION1 IS MO/ 9/RUCTIVE1 AS IT WAS N[ ?AT ! FRUITS ( ?AT /RUGGLE W]E TO BE G>N]$4 ,SOME ( ! /ATES W]E SL[ TO 5T] ! COMPACT & SOME = A TIME REFUS$ TO DO SO1 SU* WAS ! FE> ( ! PEOPLE = C5TRALIZ$ GOV]NM5T4 ,F9ALLY1 A RECONCILIATION WAS BR\<T AB\T MA9LY BY ?OSE :OSE PROP]TY RI<TS GAVE !M 9FLU5CE & P[]1 & DELEGATES FROM ALL ! /ATES W]E *OS5 TO ! NATIONAL CONV5TION TO =M ! ,F$]AL ,CON/ITUTION4 ,H]E W]E ASSEMBL$ M5 ( V>Y+ IDEAS1 9/9CTS & 9T]E/S4 ,BUT ! PR$OM9AT+ 9FLU5CE WAS ! PROP]TY 9T]E/1 PROP]TY 9 L&1 ETC41 BUT ESPECIALLY 9 SLAVES4 ,! PEOPLE HAV+ /RUGGL$ & SUFF]$ = SEV5 LONG & BLOODY YE>S1 W]E ALIVE TO ! IMPORTANCE ( ! WORK ( ! CONV5TION & ITS POSSIBLE EFFECTS UPON !IR WELF>E4 ,BUT !RE W]E ?OSE :O REV]5C$ HUMAN RI<TS ONLY SO F> AS !SE DID NOT 9TRUDE UPON !IR PROP]TY RI<TS4 ,?US BEGAN ! GAME ( ,POLITICS4 ,! CONV5TION F\ND IT NECESS>Y TO CONDUCT !IR PROCE$+S ) CLOS$ DOORS1 EXCLUD+ FROM ITS SESSIONS ALL :O W]E NOT MEMB]S4 ,H]E1 = F\R MON?S ! 0,/> ,*AMB]0 7SECRET7 SESSIONS W]E HELD 9 AN 5DEAVOR TO BR+ AB\T A COMPROMISE ( DIV]G5T 9T]E/S & IDEAS UPON ! PROP]TY QUE/ION4 ,! DEBATES W]E LONG & HEAT$4 ,AT TIMES ! CONV5TION WAS ?REAT5$ ) DISRUPTION4 ,!RE W]E ?OSE :O BELIEV$ 9 A L&$ >I/OCRACY & RE/RICT$ SUFFRAGE1 L$ BY ,ALEX&] ,HAMILTON2 O!RS WANT$ FREE L& & MANHOOD SUFFRAGE2 & /ILL O!RS CONT5D$ ! LIB]ATION ( ! *ATTEL SLAVE WAS 9CLUD$ 9 ! MEAN+ ( ! ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE1--& VISE V]SA4 ,A COMPROMISE WAS F9ALLY REA*$ :I* LEFT ! RI<TS ( PROP]TY 9 SLAVES1 L& & MONEY 9TACT4 ,! ASS]TION ( ! ,DECL>ATION ( 9DEP5D5CE ?AT 0ALL M5 W]E CREAT$ FREE & EQUAL1 & POSSESS$ ) C]TA9 9ALI5ABLE RI<TS4 AMONG :I* W]E LIFE1 LIB]TY & ! PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS0 WAS DEF5D$ BY ?OSE :O FAVOR$ A CON/ITUTION FRAM$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! 9T5T & SPIRIT ( ?AT DOCUM5T4 ,! SLAVE1 HOLD+ 9T]E/ OBJECT$ & HELD ?AT ! BLACKS-! *ATTEL SLAVES-W]E NOT 9CLUD$ 9 ! MEAN+ OR 9T5T ( ! ,DECL>ATION4 ,JOHN ,ADAMS1 ! >I/OCRAT1 :O ALSO FAVOR$ A LIMIT$ MON>*Y AS AGA9/ ,JEFF]SON1 ,FRANKL91 ,PA9E1 ,H5RY1 ,WA%+TON & O!RS1 9 ! MEMORABLE DEBATE UPON ?IS QUE/ION SAID3 0,:AT MATT]S IT :E!R Y\ GIVE ! FOOD & CLO!S TO ! SLAVES DIRECT1 OR :E!R Y\ JU/ GIVE HIM 5\< 9 WAGES TO PUR*ASE ! SAME80 ,?IS VIEW ( ! QUE/ION F9ALLY PREVAIL$ & WAS ACCEPT$ AS ! BASIS ( COMPROMISE4 ,! RI<TS ( PROP]TY TRIUMPH$4 ,! WAGE-WORK] WAS CATEGORICAL ) ! *ATTEL SLAVE4 ,9DE$ ! DIFF]5CE WAS RECOGNIZ$ AMONT ! WEAL?Y CLASS AS EXI/+ NOT ONLY 9 =M BUT ID5TICAL 9 EFFECT4 ,! ,CON/ITUTIONS AGRE$ UPON BY ! CONV5TION WAS SUBMITT$ TO ! /ATES-! PEOPLE = RATIFICATION OR REJECTION4 ,?\< DISSATISFI$1 ! PEOPLE W]E 9DUC$ TO ACCEPT IT1 ON ! GR\ND ?AT UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 VE/+ ALL LAW-MAK+ P[] 9 ! PEOPLE2 GU>ANTEE+ FREE SPEE*1 FREE PRESS1 & UNMOLE/$ ASSEMBLAGE1 ! RI<T TO KEEP & BE> >MS2 SPE$Y TRIAL BY AN IMP>TIAL JURY2 & PROTECTION AGA9/ UNREASONABLE & UNLAWFUL SE>* OR SEIZURE--W]E CON/ITUTIONAL SAFEGU>DS DEEM$ AMPLE PROTECTION = !IR RI<TS4 

,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES =M$ A VA/1 UNSETTL$1 9EXHAU/IBLE REGION4 ,A COMP>ATIVELY SMALL /RIP ( C\NTRY FROM ,MA9E TO ,FLORIDA WAS SP>SELY 9HABIT$4 ,ALL :O DESIR$ C\LD ACQUIRE A COMPET5CY1 ,! WAGE-CLASS FELT NO APPREH5SION ON ?AT SCORE4 ,! DOORS ( ! NATION W]E ?R[N OP5 & ! POOR & MIS]ABLE & DESPOIL$ ( EV]Y CL9IC W]E 9VIT$ TO COME TO ! 0,I& ( ! FREE & HOME ( ! BRAVE10 AS ! 0H>BOR & REFUGE ( ! OPPRESS$40 ,?AT 9VITATION WAS EAG]LY HE>D & QUICKLY ACCEPT$1 & TO ?IS FACT ALONE IS DUE ! RAPID DEVELOPM5T & GR[? ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,= YE>S AFT] ! ADOPTION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION ! SLAVE TRADE FL\RI%$ & ?\S&S UPON ?\S&S ( IGNORANT HELPLESS ,AFRICANS W]E KIDNAPP$ & BR\<T 9 *A9S TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! TREATM5T ( ! GREAT POPUL\S TRIBES ( ,9DIANS WAS ( A SIMIL> *>ACT]4 ,?OSE :O C\LD NOT BE SUBDU$ & 5SLAV$ W]E KILL$1 & AS ,AM]ICA WAS ! NATIVE HEA? ( ! ,9DIAN !Y *OSE DEA? RA!R ?AN SLAV]Y1 UNTIL !RE REMA9S SC>CELY A REMNANT ( ?IS ONCE P[]FUL RACE UPON ! CONT95T4 ,AB\T #a#h#c1 :5 POPULATION HAD GREATLY 9CREAS$1 9 COMMON ) L& VALUES & O!R PROP]TY1 ! SPECIAL ADVANTAGES ( *ATTEL-SLAVES LABOR :I* WAS SO APP>5T 9 A NEW1 UNSETTL$ C\NTRY BEGAN TO DIM9I%4 ,) A GR[? ( POPULATION CAME1 AN AUGM5TATION ,( WAGE-LABOR]S1 & ! MODES ( 9DU/RY1 SU* AS MANUFACTURE1 ETC41 :]E ,HOT V]Y WELL ADAPT$ TO *ATTELLABOR4 ,IT BEGAN TO APPE> ?AT WAGE LABOR WAS *EAP] & !RE=E MORE REMUN]ATIVE TO CAPITAL ?AN WAS *ATTEL-SLAVE LABOR4 ,!RE >OSE 9 CONSEQU5CE CONFLICT+ 9T]E/S UPON ?IS SUBJECT1 :I* BY DEGREES--AS POPULATION 9CREAS$ --DEVELOP$ 9TO SECTIONAL CONFLICTS1 :I* W]E GEOGRAPHICALLY DESIGNAT$ 0NOR?0 & 0S\?40 

,= C]TA9 =MS ( LABOR--AGRICULTURE = 9/ANCE--*ATTEL-SLAVE LABOR WAS CONSID]$ TO BE MORE PR(ITABLE ?AN WAGE LABOR4 ,BUT 9 MANUFACTURE & ALL DEP>TM5TS ( SKILL$ 9DU/RY ! LABOR ( WAGE-WORK]S WAS PREF]R$ BECAUSE MORE REMUN]ATIVE4 ,! SUPPLY ( *ATTEL-SLAVES WAS CUT (F BY A LAW 5ACT$ PROHIBIT+ ! SLAVE TRADE1 & ?IS FACT WAS ALONE SUFFICI5T TO CAUSE ! DEA?-BL[ TO ?AT =M ( LABOR4 ,BUT ! SIMPLE1 PRIMITIVE =MS ( PRODUCTION = :I* ! LABOR ( *ATTEL-SLAVES WAS ADOPT$ CAUS$ ! [N]S ( ?AT =M ( CAPITAL TO 9VE/ IT :]E IT W\LD BR+ ! GREATE/ RETURNS4 ,!RE=E ! SLAVE-HOLD+ 9T]E/S GRAVITAT$ TO ! S\!RN PORTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E A MILD CLIMATE1 L5G!N$ SEASONS & CONSEQU5TLY *EAP] CLO!S1 FUEL & %ELT] WAS TO BE OBTA9$4 ,! PROP]TI$ CLASS--CAPITALI/S-W]E 9T5T ONLY ON PR(ITS & LOSSES4 ,\T ( !SE TWO =MS ( LABOR-*ATTEL & WAGE->OSE ! 0IRREPRESSIBLE CONFLICT0 & ! POLITICAL %IBBOLE?1 0,AM]ICA MU/ BE ALL SLAVE OR ALL FREE40 ,! SLAVE-HOLD+ 9T]E/S BECAME AL>M$ AT ! 9CREAS+ P[] ( ! WAGE-LABOR SY/EM4 ,!Y P]CEIV$ !IR 0VE/$ RI<T0 TO LAWFULLY1 CON/ITUTIONALLY HOLD PROP]TY 9 SLAVES TO BE ?REAT5$4 ,!IR P[] BAD UNTIL N[ BE5 SUPREME 9 NATIONAL AFFAIRS & !Y W]E BL9D$ ) >ROGANCE4 ,!Y REFUS$ ALL OV]TURES TO PEACEABLY MANUMIT !IR SLAVES BY MEANS ( GRADUAL EMANCIPATION1 TO BE RECOMP5S$ \T ( ! PUBLIC TREASURY1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 9DIGNANTLY REJECT$ ALL SU* PROPOSALS & 9SI/$ UPON !IR CON/ITUTIONAL RI<T TO EXT5D SLAV]Y 9TO ! ,T]RITORIES4 ,!IR ATTITUDE %>P5$ ! CONTE/ BETWE5 ! WAGE-LABOR CAPITALI/S & ! *ATTEL SLAVE-[N]S4 ,UPON ! ELECTION ( ,ABRAHAM ,L9COLN TO ! ,PRESID5CY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 #ahf 0! ,S\?0 SEC$$ FROM 0! ,NOR?0 & SET UP A ,CONF$]ACY :I* RECOGNIZ$ *ATTLE-SLAVE LABOR AS ITS CORN]-/ONE4 ,MR4 ,L9COLN1 ?\< 9 S5TIM5T AN 0,ABOLITIONI/10 AN >D5T DEF5D] ( MAN'S AB/RACT RI<T TO LIFE & LIB]TY1 WAS ALSO1 = ! TIME BE+1 ! REPRES5TATIVE ( ! WAGE-LABOR SY/EM4 ,! EXIG5CIES ( ! W> ( ! REBELLION AF=D$ ! S\<T-= OPPORTUNITY1 ! ,EMANCIPATION ,PROCLAMATION WAS ISSU$ AS 0A MILIT>Y NECESSITY40 ,*ATTEL-SLAVE LABOR WAS ABOLI%$ & ! SY/EM ( WAGE-LABOR E/ABLI%$ 9 ITS /EAD4 ,:ILE UPON ITS SURFACE ?IS /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! 0,NOR?0 & ! 0,S\?0 WAS WAG$ O/5SIBLY 9 BEHALF ( 0FREE0 AGA9/ 0SLAVE0 LABOR1 & WAS APP>5TLY A POLITICAL QUE/ION WAG$ = ! PRES]VATION ( ! ,UNION1 IT WAS1 9 FACT1 AN ECONOMIC QUE/ION GR[+ \T ( ! TWO DIV]SE & CONFLICT+ SY/EMS ( LABOR1 VIZ43 *ATTEL & WAGE4 ,! [N]S ( CAPITAL 9 ! =M ( *ATTEL-SLAVES W]E COMPELL$ BY >M$ REVOLUTION TO REL9QUI% ?AT =M ( PROP]TY4 ,!Y ?REW !MSELVES AS A B>RI] ACROSS ! PA?WAY ( SOCIAL EVOLUTION1 ( HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5T & W]E SWEPT ASIDE BY ITS IRRESI/IBLE =CE4 

,! ,REBELLION ( #ahfa WAS A FAILURE4 ,! ,REBELLION ( #aggf WAS A SUCCESS4 ,! =M] WAS A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! EVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5T ( MOD]N CAPITALISM2 ! LATT] WAS F\<T ON ! L9E ) & = PROGRESS4 ,BO? CONTE/S >E G5]ALLY REG>D$ AS POLITICAL2 BUT ! UND]LY+1 MOV+ CAUSE 9 EA* WAS ECONOMIC4 ,! APP>5TLY POLITICAL *>ACT] ( !SE TWO REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES >ISES FROM ! FACT ! CONTE/ 9 BO? 9/ANCES WAS WAG$ BY ONE PORTION ( ! PROP]TI$ CLASS AGA9/ ! O!R UPON QUE/IONS ( PROP]TY4 

,EV] S9CE ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES !RE HAS EXI/$ AMONG ! PEOPLE A SMALL1 BUT E>NE/ M9ORITY1 KN[N AS 0,ABOLITIONI/S10 BECAUSE !Y ADVANC$ ! AB/RACT RI<T ( 0ALL M50 TO 0LIFE1 LIB]TY & ! PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS40 ,BUT ! ,ABOLITIONI/S W]E AN 9SIGNIFICANT M9ORITY4 ,!IR DEM&S W]E NEV] HE$$ UNTIL ! REQUIREM5TS ( MOD]N CAPITALISM BEGAN TO REQUIRE AN EXT5SION ( ! SY/EM ( WAGE LABOR 9 PREF]5CE TO ! SY/EM ( *ATTEL-SLAVE LABOR4 ,CAPITAL 9VE/$ 9 WAGE LABOR & CAPITAL 9VE/$ 9 *ATTEL-SLAVE LABOR W]E HO/ILE 9 !IR 9T]E/S4 ,! SLAVE-HOLD+ 9T]E/S W]E MORE S5SITIVE & APPREH5SIVE ( 9JURY & W]E 9 CONSEQU5CE EASILY MOBILIZ$ ON ! POLITICAL BATTLEFIELD4 ,FROM ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,GOV]NM5T UP TO ! SLAVE-HOLD]S' REBELLION 9 #ahfa ! PROP]TI$ 9T]E/S 9 *ATTEL-SLAVES HAD PRACTICAL CONTROL & DIRECTION ( ! AFFAIRS ( ,GOV]NM5T4 

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