,*APT] #e 
,CONTA9+ ,DEVIANCY & ,LIB]AT+ ,WORK 

#bdbd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COL9 ,W>D 

,TEXT 3 

,FROM ! FALL ( ! ,BA/ILLE 9 #a#g#h#i1 :I* ACTUALLY RELEAS$ ONLY 
SEV5 PRISON]S1 TO ! DEA? ( ,/AL9 9 #a#i#e#c1 :I* SL[LY 
LIB]AT$ MILLIONS1 ! AN>*I/S1 ?R\< P]SONAL EXP]I5CE1 
PROVID$ AN IMPRESSIVE LIT]ATURE ON ! DEFECTS ( ! P5AL SY/EM4 
,KROPOTK9'S FIR/ BOOK WAS HIS ACC\NT ( HIS EXP]I5CES ,9 ,RUSSIAN 
& ,FR5* ,PRISONS 7#a#h#h#g71 & ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN'S WAS HIS 
,PRISON ,MEMOIRS ( AN ,AN>*I/ 7#a#i#a#b74 

,IT WAS ,KROPOTK9 :O FIR/ US$ ! PHRASE 'PRISONS >E ! 
UNIV]SITIES ( CRIME'1 & HIS OBS]VATION REMA9S TRUE 9 ! S5SE 
?AT ! FIR/ IMPRISONM5T ( ANY (F5D] BECOMES A GU>ANTEE 
?AT HE1 LIKE ! PEOPLE ) :OM HE %>ES A CELL1 WILL LE>N 9 
JAIL A LONG S]IES ( MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ CRIM9AL TE*NIQUES ?AN 
! PETTY L>C5Y ?AT />T$ (F HIS PRISON C>E]4 ,KROPOTK9 
CLAIM$ 9 #ahhf ?AT A SOCIETY BUILT >\ND COOP]ATION RA!R ?AN 
COMPETITION W\LD1 = ?AT V]Y REASON1 SUFF] LESS FROM ANTISOCIAL 
ACTIVITY4 ,HE >GU$ ?AT 

,PEOPLES )\T POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 & !RE=E LESS DEPRAV$ 
?AN \RSELVES1 HAVE P]FECTLY UND]/OOD ?AT ! MAN :O IS CALL$ 
'CRIM9AL' IS SIMPLY UN=TUNATE2 ?AT ! REM$Y IS NOT TO FLOG HIM1 
TO *A9 HIM UP1 OR TO KILL HIM ON ! SCAFFOLD OR 9 PRISON1 BUT TO 
HELP HIM BY ! MO/ BRO!RLY C>E1 BY TREATM5T BAS$ ON EQUALITY1 
BY ! USAGES ( LIFE AMONG HONE/ M54 

,IT C\LD BE CLAIM$ ?AT ! BE/ S]VICE ! ,BRITI% & 
,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5TS 9 ! TWO WORLD W>S ( ! 
#b? C5TURY C\LD HAVE PROVID$ TO ! CAUSE ( P5AL 
RE=M WAS ! IMPRISONM5T ( W>-RESI/]S4 ,! JAIL$ 
OBJECTORS1 BEYOND ! APPALL+ H>D%IPS ?AT BEFELL SOME ( 
!M 9 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 HAD SEV]AL IMPORTANT ATTRIBUTES4 
,!Y T5D$ TO BE LIT]ATE PEOPLE & KE5 OBS]V]S ( !IR 
SURR\ND+S & ( !IR FELL[ PRISON]S4 ,!Y ALSO HAD A 
USEFUL S5SE ( MORAL SUP]IORITY OV] !IR JAIL]S1 SEE+ ! 
HUMILIATIONS !Y SUFF]$ AS A REFLECTION1 NOT ( !IR [N SITUATION1 
BUT ( ?AT ( ! GOOD CITIZ5S :O HAD *OS5 TO 9C>C]ATE 
!M4 

,!SE OBS]V]S RECOGNIZ$ & PUBLICIZ$ :AT A H&FUL ( 
#a#i?-C5TURY RE=M]S HAD ALREADY PO9T$ \T3 ?AT MANY 
( !IR FELL[ PRISON]S1 S]V+ ! CURR5T PRISON S5T5CE 
= A LIFETIME C>E] ( PETTY !FT1 PETTY VIOL5CE1 DRUG-DEAL+1 
OR DRUNK5 IDIOCY1 CAME FROM A BACKGR\ND ?AT MADE !IR 
(F5SES & 9C>C]ATION ALMO/ 9EVITABLE4 ,MANY ( US1 
LE>N+ ! CO/ TO ! CITIZ5 ( KEEP+ ANY 9DIVIDUAL 9 JAIL1 
& REALIZ+ ?AT IT IS F> MORE ?AN \R [N 9COMES1 C\LD 
F]V5TLY WI% ?AT WE HAD TAK5 HE$ ( ! W>N+S ( ! P5AL 
RE=M]S1 :O HAD S\<T TO DRAW \R ATT5TION TO ! COMMON 
FACTORS 9 ! LIVES ( ! PEOPLE WE IMPRISON4 ,FREQU5TLY1 = 
EXAMPLE1 9MATES HAVE A BACKGR\ND ( 9/ITUTIONAL *ILDHOOD1 
( M5TAL 9/ABILITY1 OR ( $UCATIONAL FAILURE4 ,!Y >E ALSO1 
OV]:ELM+LY1 MALE4 

,RECOGNITION ( !SE FACTORS WAS ONE ( ! 9FLU5CES AT ! 5D ( 
! #a#i? C5TURY LEAD+ TO ! E/ABLI%M5T 9 BO? ,BRITA9 & 
,AM]ICA ( ! PROBATION S]VICE1 9 :I*1 AS AN ALT]NATIVE TO 
PRISON1 A PROBATION (FIC] WAS *>G$ ) ! TASK ( BECOM+ 
! FRI5D & ADVIS] ( ! (F5D]1 & ) HELP+ HIM 
TO LEAD A NORMAL WORK+ & FAMILY LIFE4 ,?R\< MU* ( ! 
#b? C5TURY !RE WAS A SL[ HUMANIZATION ( ! P5AL SY/EM1 SO 
F> AS ?IS WAS POSSIBLE1 9SPIR$ BY ! RE=M]S :O HAD BE5 
9MATES & OBS]V]S 9 ! W> YE>S1 DESPITE FREQU5T OPPOSITION 
FROM ! /AFF ( P5AL E/ABLI%M5TS4 

,PRACTITION]S ( V>I\S !RAPEUTIC APPROA*ES GA9$ ACCESS1 
SPORADICALLY1 TO ! P5AL SY/EM1 ) ! SUPPORT ( SOME PRISON 
GOV]NORS1 ) SIGNIFICANT RESULTS4 ,!Y URG$ ! PRISON /AFF ?AT 
!IR [N /ATUS & JOB SATISFACTION W\LD BE 5HANC$ IF !IR 
WORK WAS P]CEIV$ AS CURATIVE RA!R ?AN CU/ODIAL4 ,MANY 
AN>*I/S W]E SKEPTICAL AB\T !SE EF=TS TO CIVILIZE ! P5AL 
SY/EM1 & SO1 ( C\RSE1 WAS ! POPUL> PRESS1 :I* REGUL>LY 
DESCRIB$ OP5 PRISONS AS HOLIDAY CAMPS 7REVEAL+ !IR 
J\RNALI/S' IGNORANCE ( BO?74 ,9 ! DECADES FOLL[+ ! 
,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>1 MANY C\NTRIES WITNESS$ A /EADY DECL9E 9 
! PRISON POPULATION4 7,NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS W]E ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 
& ! NATIONS :OSE GOV]NM5TS IT 9FLU5C$47 ,DAVID ,CAYLEY 
EXPLA9$ ?AT 

,! ,NE!RL&S SET ! /&>D1 BR++ A RATE ( #i PRISON]S 
P] #a1 ( POPULATION AFT] ! W> D[N TO A REM>KABLE 
#ag P] #a1 9 #aige 4 4 4 ,R$UCTIONS 9 IMPRISONM5T HAD BE5 
BR\<T AB\T BY :AT ,DUT* CRIM9OLOGI/ ,WILLEM DE ,HAAN ONCE 
CALL$ ! 'POLITICS ( BAD CONSCI5CE4' 

,BUT FROM ! LATE #a#i#gS ONW>DS1 ! POLITICS ( BAD CONSCI5CE W]E 
REPLAC$ BY ! CONTRA/+ APPROA* DESCRIB$ BY ! CRIM9OLOGI/ 
,&REW ,RU!R=D AS 'A POLITICS ( GOOD CONSCI5CE AB\T 
IMPRISONM5T'4 ,CRIM9AL /ATI/ICS >E NOTORI\SLY DIFFICULT TO 
9T]PRET1 BECAUSE !Y REFLECT SIMPLY ! NUMB] ( >RE/S = A 
RANGE ( (F5SES ?AT ANY POLICE =CE IS EXPECT$ TO RECORD4 ,BUT 
P5AL /ATI/ICS >E READILY AVAILABLE & TELL A T]RIFY+ /ORY4 ,DAVID 
,CAYLEY REPORT$ 9 #aiih ?AT 

,TO HELP H\SE ! #a4#e MILLION ,AM]ICANS CURR5TLY 9 PRISON1 #afh 
NEW /ATE PRISONS & #de NEW F$]AL PRISONS W]E BUILT BETWE5 
#aii & #aiie ALONE1 BUT !SE W]E /ILL NOT 5\< TO 
ACCOMMODATE ! NUMB]S ( NEW PRISON]S 4 4 4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 
HAS N[ EXPOS$ SO MANY ( ITS CITIZ5S - ESPECIALLY ITS ,BLACK & 
,HISPANIC CITIZ5S - TO ! BRUTALIZ+ EFFECTS ( ITS PRISONS ?AT 
A SELF-FULFILL+ PROPHECY HAS BE5 SET 9 MOTION4 ,! MORE 
,AM]ICANS :O >E MANH&L$ BY ! CRIM9AL JU/ICE SY/EM1 ! 
MORE !RE >E :OSE BEHAVIOR SEEMS TO JU/IFY & DEM& ?IS 
TREATM5T4 

,BY ! YE> #b1 PRISONS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAD RECEIV$ !IR 
TWO-MILLION? 9MATE4 ,! SOCIOLOGI/ ,DAVID ,D[NES REM>K$ AT 
A CONF]5CE ON CRIME AT ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ?AT NO O!R NATION 
9 HI/ORY HAS EV] PUT A BIGG] PROPORTION ( ITS CITIZ5S 9 JAIL4 
,! JUDICIAL SY/EM ALSO 5SURES ?AT ,AFRICAN-,AM]ICAN M5 HAVE 
A #a 9 #d *ANCE ( GO+ TO PRISON DUR+ !IR LIFETIMES1 :ILE ! 
*ANCE IS #a 9 #bc = !IR :ITE FELL[ CITIZ5S4 ,PR(ESSOR ,D[NES 
WAS ASK$ :E!R ,EUROPE W\LD BE AFFECT$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN 
EXAMPLE4 ,HE REPLI$ ?AT ',! COMPON5TS ( A /EEP RISE 9 
IMPRISONM5T 9 ,EUROPE HAVE ALREADY BE5 ASSEMBL$4' ,HIS ANSW] 
WAS CORRECT1 & ,BRITA9 LEADS ,EUROPE 9 ! PROPORTION ( ITS 
CITIZ5S ?AT IT 9C>C]ATES4 ,ALT]NATIVE APPROA*ES1 %>$ BY ! 
AN>*I/S ) O!R P5AL RE=M]S1 HAVE BE5 REJECT$ BY ! 
POLITICIANS & !IR PUBLIC4 ,?IS DOES NOT P]SUADE RE=M]S TO 
*ANGE !IR OP9IONS1 BUT M]ELY TO AWAIT AN EV5TUAL %IFT 9 
PUBLIC ATTITUDES4 

,!RE IS JU/ ONE FIELD ( LAW-BREAK+ & LAW-5=CEM5T 
9 :I* A POLICY ( DECRIM9ALIZATION IS GA9+ ADVOCATES1 
& :I* W\LD GREATLY R$UCE ! PRISON POPULATION4 ,?IS 
CONC]NS ! IMPRISONM5T ( DRUG US]S & DRUG TRAD]S4 
,EV]YONE AGREES ?IS POLICY IS AN EXP5SIVE FAILURE ?AT1 AS 
,DAVID ,CAYLEY OBS]VES1 'HAS FO/]$ EVILS F> WORSE ?AN ?OSE 
IT WAS SUPPOS$ TO ELIM9ATE'4 ,IT HAS ! ADDITIONAL IRONY ?AT 
MANY US]S F9D ! DRUGS ( !IR *OICE >E MORE EASILY AVAILABLE 
9SIDE PRISON ?AN ON ! \TSIDE4 ,H]E IT IS WOR? NOT+ ! 
OP9IONS ( ! AN>*I/ ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 AS F> BACK AS #a#i#b#b1 
LONG BE=E \R P>5TS OR GR&P>5TS IMAG9$ ?AT WE HAD A 
DRUG PROBLEM4 

,IT IS ! OLD MI/AKE ( LEGISLATORS1 9 SPITE ( EXP]I5CE 
9V>IABLY %[+ ?AT LAWS1 H[EV] B>B>\S !Y MAY 
BE1 HAVE NEV] S]V$ TO SUPPRESS VISE OR TO DISC\RAGE 
DEL9QU5CY4 ,! MORE SEV]E ! P5ALTIES IMPOS$ ON ! 
CONSUM]S & TRAFFICK]S ( COCA9E1 ! GREAT] WILL BE 
! ATTRACTIONS ( =BIDD5 FRUITS & ! FASC9ATION ( ! 
RISKS 9CURR$ BY ! CONSUM]1 & ! GREAT] WILL BE 
! PR(ITS MADE BY ! SPECULATORS1 AVID = MONEY4 

,IT IS USELESS1 !RE=E1 TO HOPE = ANY?+ FROM ! LAW4 ,WE 
MU/ SUGGE/ ANO!R SOLUTION4 ,MAKE ! USE & SALE ( 
COCA9E FREE FROM RE/RICTIONS1 & OP5 KIOSKS :]E IT 
W\LD BE SOLD AT CO/ PRICE OR EV5 UND] CO/4 ,& !N 
LAUN* A GREAT PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN TO EXPLA9 TO ! PUBLIC1 
& LET !M SEE = !MSELVES1 ! EVILS ( COCA9E2 NO ONE 
W\LD 5GAGE 9 C\NT]-PROPAG&A BECAUSE NO ONE C\LD 
EXPLOIT ! MIS=TUNE ( ADDICTS4 

,C]TA9LY ! H>MFUL USE ( COCA9E W\LD NOT DISAPPE> 
COMPLETELY1 BECAUSE ! SOCIAL CAUSES :I* CREATE & DRIVE 
?OSE POOR DEVILS TO ! USE ( DRUGS W\LD /ILL EXI/4 ,BUT 9 
ANY CASE ! EVIL W\LD DECREASE1 BECAUSE NOBODY C\LD 
MAKE PR(ITS \T ( ITS SALE1 & NOBODY C\LD SPECULATE ON 
! HUNT = SPECULATORS4 ,& = ?IS REASON \R SUGGE/ION 
EI!R WILL NOT BE TAK5 9TO ACC\NT1 OR IT WILL BE CONSID]$ 
IMPRACTICAL & MAD4 ,YET 9TELLIG5T & DIS9T]E/$ PEOPLE 
MI<T SAY TO !MSELVES3 ,S9CE ! P5AL LAWS HAVE PROV$ TO 
BE IMPOT5T1 W\LD IT NOT BE A GOOD ?+1 AS AN EXP]IM5T1 
TO TRY \T ! AN>*I/ ME?OD8 

,]RICO ,MALATE/A 9 ,UMANITA ,NOVA1 #b ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b1 

REPR9T$ 9 ,V4 ,RI*>DS 7$471 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A3 ,HIS ,LIFE & ,IDEAS 

7,LONDON3 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#e7 

,9 TWO ,EUROPEAN CITIES1 ,ZURI* & ,AM/]DAM1 LOCAL AU?ORITIES 
HAVE BOLDLY S\<T TO IMPLEM5T SU* A POLICY1 & 9 ,BRITA91 BY 
! BEG9N+ ( ! #b#a/ C5TURY1 AT LEA/ TWO *IEF CON/ABLES HAVE 
EXPRESS$ A SIMIL> PO9T ( VIEW1 E>N+ S5SATIONAL HEADL9ES BUT 
LITTLE PRACTICAL SUPPORT4 

,POLITICIANS ( ! MAJOR P>TIES 9 ,BRITA9 WON POPUL> ACCLAIM ) 
RHETORIC AB\T GIV+ (F5D]S A '%ORT1 %>P %OCK' OR S5D+ 
!M TO ',BOOT ,CAMPS'1 & BY CIRCUMSCRIB+ ! EF=TS ( ! 
PROBATION S]VICE TO KEEP RELEAS$ (F5D]S \T ( JAIL4 ,EV5 ! 
/ACCATO1 S+LE-SYLLABLE LANGUAGE ( !SE PROGRAMS 9DICATES 
?AT ! 9T5TION WAS NOT TO COPE ) ! PROBLEM ( CRIME BUT 
TO SATISFY ! HEADL9E-WRIT]S ( ! POPUL> PRESS1 ! REAL 
DET]M9ANTS ( P5AL POLICY4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! ,REPUBLICAN 
,P>TY'S ELECTORAL SUCCESS IS SE5 TO BE RELAT$ TO ITS ABILITY TO PORTRAY 
ITS OPPON5TS AS 'S(T ON CRIME'4 

,MEAN:ILE1 SUICIDES GREW AMONG Y\NG PRISON]S JAIL$ = (F5SES 
?AT W]E A NUISANCE1 RA!R ?AN A ?REAT1 TO SOCIETY4 ,MOREOV]1 IT 
IS P]FECTLY OBVI\S ?AT PRISON DOES NO?+ TO R$UCE ! CRIME 
RATE4 ,AS ,LORD ,WADD+TON1 ,HOME ,SECRET>Y TO ,M>G>ET ,?AT*]1 
PUT IT1 ',PRISON IS A V]Y EXP5SIVE WAY ( MAK+ BAD M5 WORSE'4 
,EV5 ! POLITICIANS NO LONG] BELIEVE 9 ! POLICIES !Y 
ADM9I/]4 ,?IS IS H>DLY SURPRIS+ :5 Y\ CONSID] ! 
/ATI/ICS4 ,9 #bc IT WAS REPORT$ ?AT #h#d.0 ( Y\NG PEOPLE 
RELEAS$ FROM CU/ODIAL S5T5CES 9 ,BRITA9 RAPIDLY RE(F5D4 
,FIGURES FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W\LD EXCE$ ?IS RECORD4 

,BUT ! ISSUES RAIS$ BY ! AN>*I/S1 AMONG ! RANKS ( ! P5AL 
RE=M]S1 WILL NOT DISAPPE>4 ,!Y >E MADE MORE 9TRACTABLE BY 
SOCIETY'S ASSUMPTIONS1 AS MANIPULAT$ BY ! POPUL> PRESS4 

,ANO!R CRUCIAL QUE/ION1 :I* >OSE E>LY 9 ! HI/ORY ( 
AN>*ISM1 CONC]N$ ITS APPLICATION TO ! WORLD ( WORK1 
ESPECIALLY S9CE ! AN>*I/ PIONE]S T5D$ TO HAVE L9KS ) 
! EM]G+ TRADE UNION MOVEM5T4 ,!Y ID5TIFI$ ) 
! RADICAL 5D ( ! UNION SPECTRUM1 PROCLAIM+ 
AN>*O-SYNDICALISM 7FROM ! ,FR5* SYNDICAT1 MEAN+ 
UNION71 :I* SAW EV]Y LOCAL 9DU/RIAL /RUGGLE AS A /EP 
T[>DS A G5]AL /RIKE1 :5 ! COLLAPSE ( CAPITALISM W\LD 
LEAD TO A TAKE-OV] BY ! WORK]S4 

,9 ,FRANCE ! ,CONF$]ATION ,G5]ALE DU ,TRAVAIL 7,C,G,T7 & 9 
,SPA9 ! ,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO 7,C,N,T7 BECAME 
L>GE-SCALE MASS MOVEM5TS1 AS1 = A TIME1 DID ! ,9DU/RIAL 
,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W7 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,!RE W]E1 ( 
C\RSE1 9BUILT CONFLICTS )9 SYNDICALI/ UNIONS1 BETWE5 ?OSE 
MEMB]S :O W]E WILL+ TO FI<T & SOMETIMES W9 LITTLE LOCAL 
BATTLES OV] SMALL ISSUES1 & ! MILITANTS :O HOP$ TO TURN EV]Y 
SMALL DISPUTE 9TO ! F9AL /RUGGLE TO SEIZE CONTROL ( ! MEANS ( 
PRODUCTION & ?US 'EXPROPRIATE ! EXPROPRIATORS'1 CONT9U+ 
PRODUCTION UND] WORK]S' CONTROL4 

,BUT ! FAD+ AWAY ( ! AIM ( LIB]AT+ WORK HAS LITTLE TO DO 
) ! GULF BETWE5 RE=M]S & REVOLUTION>IES 9 ! WORK]S' 
ORGANIZATIONS4 ,IT HAS A F> CLOS] CONNECTION ) ! NEW1 ULTIMATE 
WEAPON 9 ! H&S ( EMPLOY]S AGA9/ ! CLAIMS ( WORK]S3 
'ACCEPT \R CONDITIONS OR WE WILL TRANSF] \R ACTIVITIES & Y\R JOBS 
TO ,S\?-EA/ ,ASIA OR ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 :]E ! LABOR =CE WILL BE 
DELI<T$ TO WORK ON \R T]MS4' ,! [N]S ( CAPITAL REMA9 9 ! 
RI* WORLD1 BUT ! PROVID]S ( LABOR >E N[ 9 ! DEVELOP+ 
WORLD1 & IF !Y %\LD DEM& A L>G] %>E ( ! PRODUCTS ( 
!IR WORK1 ! EMPLOY]S SIMPLY %IFT TO A *EAP] LABOR =CE 9 
ANO!R C\NTRY4 

,MEAN:ILE1 ! RI* WORLD HAS A CONCEAL$ LABOR =CE ( ITS [N4 
,AGRICULTURAL WORK 9 ! PICK+ & PACK+ ( FRUIT & VEGETABLES 
IS UND]TAK5 BY GANG-MA/]S ) !IR TEAMS ( ILLEGAL 
IMMIGRANTS1 ,EA/ ,EUROPEAN PUBLIC EMPLOYES WAIT+ = WAGES 9 
!IR [N C\NTRIES1 /UD5TS1 & MIGRANTS4 ,ANO!R UND]CLASS 
COPES ) TELEPHONE & ,9T]NET 9QUIRIES1 OP]AT+ 9 CALL 
C5T]S FROM PROV9CIAL ,BRITA9 TO ,BANGALORE 9 ,9DIA4 

  

 #a#a4 ,LIB]AT+ WORK3 ! COMMUNITY WORK%OP1 AS 5VISAG$ BY ,CLIF=D ,H>P]4 

,A C5TURY AGO1 ! 'NEW UNIONISM' 9 ,BRITA9 & ! ,I,W,W 9 
,AM]ICA SET AB\T ORGANIZ+ & REPRES5T+ ! UNSKILL$ 
& UNC\NT$ WORK]S ON ! FR+ES ( ! (FICIAL ECONOMY1 
& SUCCE$$4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! AN>*I/ ,KROPOTK9 WAS 
ADDRESS+ A ,BRITI% AUDI5CE :I* ASSUM$ ?AT ,BRITA9 WAS 
! WORK%OP ( ! WORLD1 & ?AT = EV] MORE ! :OLE GLOBE 
W\LD DEP5D ON TEXTILES FROM ,LANCA%IRE1 COAL FROM ,NEWCA/LE1 
& %IPS FROM ! ,CLYDE4 ,9 #a#h#i#i1 :5 HE WROTE HIS ,FIELDS1 
,FACTORIES & ,WORK%OPS1 ONE ( HIS AIMS WAS TO DEMON/RATE ?AT1 
:ILE ! POLITICIANS & ECONOMI/S ?\<T 9 T]MS ( VA/ 
FACTORIES1 ! GREAT] P>T ( 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION WAS ACTUALLY 
C>RI$ \T 9 SMALL WORK%OPS & LITTLE LOCAL 5T]PRISES4 
,ELECTRICITY & MOD]N TRANSPORT HAD DEC5TRALIZ$ PRODUCTION1 
& ,KROPOTK9 URG$ ?AT ?IS LIB]AT$ NOT ONLY ! LOCATION 
( WORK BUT ! 9DIVIDUAL'S *OICE ( OCCUPATION4 ,IT WAS N[ 
POSSIBLE TO COMB9E BRA9 WORK & MANUAL WORK1 :I* WAS 
HIS 9DU/RIAL IDEAL4 

,AN>*I/S >E SELDOM TO BE F\ND 9 ! DIM9I%+ WORLD ( 
C>E] EMPLOYM5T 9 =MAL 9DU/RY OR BUREAUCRACY4 ,!Y T5D TO 
F9D !IR NI*E 9 ! 9=MAL OR SMALL-SCALE ECONOMY4 ,?IS IS NOT 
SURPRIS+1 S9CE 9DU/RIAL PSY*OLOGI/S FREQU5TLY REPORT ?AT 
SATISFACTION 9 WORK IS DIRECTLY RELAT$ TO ! 'SPAN ( AUTONOMY' IT 
(F]S1 MEAN+ ! AM\NT ( ! WORK+ DAY OR WEEK 9 :I* ! 
WORK]S >E FREE TO MAKE !IR [N DECISIONS4 ,9 ?IS PO/-9DU/RIAL 
WORLD ( WORK1 ! ONLY S]I\S /UDY ( ! SMALL BUS9ESSMAN F9DS 
HIM TO BE NOT A ,?AT*]ITE H]O1 BUT A CREATIVE REBEL AGA9/ ! 
COMPULSION TO BE EI!R AN EMPLOY] OR AN EMPLOYEE4 ,PAUL 
,?OMPSON REPORTS ?AT 

,IT TURNS \T ?AT F> FROM BE+ AN ESPECIALLY PURPOSEFUL BRE$ ( 
M51 ,SAMUEL ,SMILES' H]OES A HUNDR$ YE>S ON1 MANY SMALL 
BUS9ESSM5 >E CLOS] TO A K9D ( DROP-\T4 ,!Y DISLIK$ ! 
:OLE MOD]N CAPITALI/ E?IC1 & ESPECIALLY BE+ EMPLOY$ BY 
O!RS2 9/EAD !Y PREF]R$ TO FEEL ! SATISFACTION ( PROVID+ A 
'S]VICE' & 'DO+ A GOOD JOB'4 ,QUITE (T5 IT WAS A M]E *ANCE ?AT 
ALL[$ !M TO F9D !IR PRES5T VOCATION4 ,MOREOV]1 !Y WILL NOT 
PROVIDE ! BASIS = \R NEXT 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION1 BECAUSE !Y 
DON'T WANT TO EXP&3 ?AT W\LD IMPLY EMPLOY+ PEOPLE & 
LOS+ ! P]SONAL RELATION%IPS !Y LIKE TO HAVE ) A SMALL 
NUMB] ( WORK]S4 

,F9D+S LIKE !SE >E F> FROM ! EXPECTATIONS ( ! 
AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 :O 5VISAG$ A TRIUMPHANT TAKE-OV] ( 
! FACTORY BY ITS WORK]S1 BUT !Y 9DICATE CLE>LY ?AT AN>*I/ 
ASPIRATIONS >E CLOSE TO ! DREAMS ( VA/ NUMB]S ( CITIZ5S :O 
FEEL TRAPP$ BY ! CULTURE ( EMPLOYM5T4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #bc 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#c1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 

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