,*APT] #b 
,REVOLUTION>Y ,MOVEM5TS 

#bdbd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COL9 ,W>D 

,TEXT 3 

,9 ! C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y \TBREAKS ?AT SPREAD ACROSS 
,EUROPE 9 #ahdh ! ,PREFECT ( ,POLICE 9 ,P>IS IS SAID TO HAVE 
REM>K$ ( ! AN>*I/ ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 ',:AT A MAN6 ,ON 
! FIR/ DAY ( ! REVOLUTION HE IS A P]FECT TREASURE2 BUT ON ! 
NEXT DAY HE \<T TO BE %OT4' ,HIS OBS]VATION EPITOMIZES BO? ! 
ROLE & ! ULTIMATE FATE ( ! AN>*I/S & !IR PRECURSORS 9 A 
LONG S]IES ( ,EUROPEAN POPUL> UPRIS+S4 

,*RONICL]S ( ALL POLITICAL MOVEM5TS 9V>IABLY DISCOV] 
ANTEC$5TS FROM ! PA/1 & ! AN>*I/S F\ND ANCE/ORS 
9 ! SLAVE REVOLTS ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE & 9 ALL SUBSEQU5T 
REVOLUTION>Y UPHEAVALS ( ! D[NTRODD54 ,!Y HAVE SIMIL>LY 
ID5TIFI$ PRECURSORS 9 SU* RIS+S AS ! ,PEASANTS' ,REVOLT ?AT 
BEGAN 9 ,5GL& 9 #a#c#i#a1 9 ! 9SURRECTION ( ! ,TABORITES 9 
,BOHEMIA 9 #adic & ?AT ( ! ,ANABAPTI/S A C5TURY LAT]4 

,9 ! ,5GLI% ,REVOLUTION ( ! CIVIL W> YE>S LEAD+ UP TO #a#f#d#i1 
! AN>*I/ ELEM5T WAS ILLU/RAT$ BY ! ACTIVITIES ( ! 
,DIGG]S1 ,RANT]S1 & ,LEVEL]S1 :O1 HAV+ HELP$ TO 5SURE 
,CROMWELL'S SUCCESS1 W]E DESCRIB$ BY ONE PAMPHLETE] AS 
',SWITZ]IS+ AN>*I/S' & W]E RAPIDLY ELIM9AT$ ONCE ! 
,PROTECTOR WAS SECURELY 9 P[]1 ONLY TO BE FOLL[$ BY ! EV5TUAL 
RETURN ( ! MON>*Y4 ,BUT ! PEOPLE :O D>$ TO REMOVE A K+ 
HAD OP5$ ! WAY TO MORE RADICAL ?\<TS ON ! RELATION%IP 
BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! COMMUNITY & BETWE5 SOCIETY 
& ! /ATE4 ,! ,AM]ICAN & ,FR5* REVOLUTIONS ( ! 
FOLL[+ C5TURY BR\<T A MESSAGE BEAUTIFULLY EXPRESS$ 9 
,?OMAS ,PA9E'S ,COMMON ,S5SE 9 #a#g#g#f3 

,SOCIETY 9 EV]Y /ATE IS A BLESS+1 BUT GOV]NM5T EV5 9 ITS BE/ 
/ATE IS BUT A NECESS>Y EVIL2 9 ITS WOR/ /ATE AN 9TOL]ABLE ONE2 = 
:5 WE SUFF]1 OR >E EXPOS$ TO ! SAME MIS]IES BY A GOV]NM5T 
:I* WE MI<T EXPECT 9 A C\NTRY )\T A GOV]NM5T1 \R 
CALAMITY IS HEI<T5$ BY REFLECT+ ?AT WE FURNI% ! MEANS 
BY :I* WE SUFF]4 ,GOV]NM5T1 LIKE DRESS1 IS ! BADGE ( LO/ 
9NOC5CE3 ! PALACES ( K+S >E BUILT ON ! RU9S ( ! B[]S 
( P>ADISE4 

,POLITICAL IDEAS CROSS$ ! ,ATLANTIC ALMO/ AS RAPIDLY 9 ! #a#h? 
C5TURY AS 9 ! #b#a/1 & ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION MADE ! 
,FR5* ,REVOLUTION 9EVITABLE4 ,JEFF]SON1 ,PA9E1 & ,FRANKL9 HAD A 
ROLE 9 BO?1 :ILE ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 9 HIS ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ 
,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE WAS >GU+ ! AN>*I/ CASE FROM FIR/ PR9CIPLES4 
,MEAN:ILE1 A S]IES ( BRAVE OPPON5TS ( ! NEW ,FR5* /ATE1 
KN[N AS ! ,5RAGES & GA!R$ >\ND ,JACQUES ,R\X & ,JEAN 
,V>LET1 OPPOS$ ! NEW RUL]S4 ,V>LET1 :O ACTUALLY SURVIV$ ! 
,T]ROR1 OBS]V$ ?AT 

,DESPOTISM HAS PASS$ FROM ! PALACE ( K+S TO ! CIRCLE ( A 
COMMITTEE4 ,IT IS NEI!R ! ROYAL ROBES1 NOR ! SCEPT]1 NOR ! 
CR[N1 ?AT MAKES K+S HAT$1 BUT AMBITION & TYRANNY4 ,9 MY 
C\NTRY !RE HAS BE5 ONLY A *ANGE 9 DRESS4 

,AN>*ISM REAPPE>$ 9 ! ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS ( #a#h#d#h4 ,9 
! FOLL[+ YE>1 AFT] ! FAILURE ( ! REVOLUTION 9 ,DRESD51 
,BAKUN9 WAS IMPRISON$1 CONDEMN$ TO DEA?1 & AFT] A 
YE> H&$ OV] TO ! ,AU/RIANS1 CONDEMN$ AGA91 BUT 9 
! NEXT YE> H&$ OV] TO ! ,RUSSIANS4 ,AFT] SIX YE>S 9 ! 
,PET]-&-,PAUL =TRESS AT ,/ ,PET]SBURG HE WAS EXIL$ TO ,SIB]IA1 
:5CE HE EV5TUALLY ESCAP$ TO ,LONDON BY WAY ( ,JAPAN1 ,SAN 
,FRANCISCO1 & ,NEW ,YORK4 ,AFT] ! ,FRANCO-,PRUSSIAN ,W> ( #a#h#g1 
,PR\DHON'S F$]ALI/ IDEAS %AP$ ! %ORT-LIV$ ,P>IS ,COMMUNE 
& ITS ',MANIFE/O TO ! ,FR5* ,PEOPLE' ( ,APRIL #a#h#g#a1 :I* URG$3 

,! ABSOLUTE AUTONOMY ( ! ,COMMUNE EXT5D$ TO ALL ! 
LOCALITIES ( ,FRANCE1 ASSUR+ TO EA* ITS 9TEGRAL RI<TS & TO EV]Y 
,FR5*MAN ! FULL EX]CISE ( HIS APTITUDES1 AS A MAN1 A CITIZ51 & 
A WORK]4 ,! AUTONOMY ( ! ,COMMUNE WILL HAVE = ITS LIMITS 
ONLY ! EQUAL AUTONOMY ( ALL O!R COMMUNITIES ADH]+ TO ! 
CONTRACT2 !IR ASSOCIATION MU/ ASSURE ! LIB]TY ( ,FRANCE4 

7,NE$LESS TO SAY1 AL?\< ! ,COMMUNE HAD AN ADMIR$ AN>*I/ 
H]O9E1 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1 ITS ,MANIFE/O DID NOT EXT5D !SE RI<TS TO 
,FR5*WOM547 

,9 ! MAJOR REVOLUTIONS ( ! #b? C5TURY !RE W]E 
RECOGNIZABLE AN>*I/ ELEM5TS1 BUT 9 EA* ( !M ! AN>*I/S 
W]E VICTIMS ( ! NEW RUL]S4 ,9 ,MEXICO1 ,RIC>DO ,FLORES 
,MAGON & HIS BRO!RS HAD 9 #ai BEGUN PUBLICATION ( AN 
AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ NEWSPAP] ,REG5]ACION1 BUILD+ UP 
OPPOSITION TO ! DICTATOR ,PORFIRIO ,DIAZ1 SLIPP+ ACROSS ! BORD] 
9TO ,CALI=NIA :5 PUBLICATION BECAME TOO DIFFICULT4 ,) ! FALL 
( ,DIAZ1 ,MAGON E/ABLI%$ CONTACT ) ! PEASANT REVOLUTION>Y 
,EMILIANO ,ZAPATA 9 ! /ATE ( ,MORALES 9 ! ,S\?1 FI<T+ ! 
EF=TS ( L>GE L&[N]S TO ANNEX ! L& ( POOR GR[]S4 
,MAGON IS SAID TO HAVE MADE ,ZAPATA LIT]ATE ?R\< READ+ & 
DISCUSS+ ,KROPOTK9'S ,! ,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD4 ,ZAPATA WAS 
AMBU%$ & KILL$ 9 #a#i#a#i1 :ILE ,MAGON WAS JAIL$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ 
,/ATES & WAS MURD]$ 9 ,LEAV5WOR? ,P5IT5TI>Y 9 #a#i#b#c4 
,IRONICALLY1 BO? M5 >E CELEBRAT$ 9 ! ,ROTUNDA ( ,ILLU/RI\S 
,M5 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY4 ,! CONTEMPOR>Y ,E,Z,L,N 7,ZAPATI/A ,>MY ( 
,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION7 IS ,MEXICO'S MOD]N 9C>NATION ( ,ZAPATA'S 
CAMPAIGN1 AS IS1 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,M,/ 7,MOVEM5T ( ,L&LESS 
,RURAL ,WORK]S7 9 ,BRAZIL4 ,BO? ( !SE >E CAMPAIGNS ( 
DISPOSSESS$ PEASANTS = COMMUNAL CONTROL ( L& SEIZ$ BY 
L>GE-SCALE CATTLE-RAN*+ OLIG>*IES4 

  

 #e4 ,9 ,*IAPAS1 ,MEXICO'S S\!RNMO/ &1 9 #b#c1 POORE/ /ATE1 A ,TZOTZIL ,9DIAN WOMAN WALKS PA/ A NOTICE PROCLAIM+ ?AT ',Y\ >E 9 ,ZAPATI/A T]RITORY4 ,H]E ! PEOPLE RULE & ! GOV]NM5T OBEYS4' 

  

 #f4 ,EMILIANO ,ZAPATA & ,PAN*O ,VILLA RID+ 9TO ,MEXICO ,CITY 9 #a#i#a#d1 HAV+ DRIV5 \T ,G5]AL ,HU]TA4 ,ZAPATA HIMSELF WAS AMBU%$ & KILL$ 9 #a#i#a#i4 

,9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ( #aiag ! ,BOL%EVIK SEIZURE ( P[] 
WAS PU%$ ?R\< ) AN>*I/ SLOGANS LIKE ',BREAD & 
,FRE$OM' & ',ALL ,P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS'1 :I* W]E V]Y F> FROM 
DAILY EXP]I5CE 9 ! NEW REGIME4 ,! AN>*I/ H]O ( ! 
REVOLUTION WAS ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANT ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 ORGANIZ+ 
PEASANT L& SEIZURES & DEF5D+ !M FROM BO? ! ,BOL%EVIKS 
& ! ,:ITES4 ,RETURN+ ,RUSSIAN EXILES 9CLUD$ ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 
& ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 DEPORT$ FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & 
,KROPOTK91 :O HAD BE5 OBLIG$ TO LIVE ABROAD = #d YE>S4 
,KROPOTK9 ADDRESS$ CRITICAL LETT]S TO ,L59 & WROTE A ,LETT] TO 
! ,WORK]S ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE DESCRIB+ = !M ! LESSONS ( 
! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,HIS FUN]AL 9 #aiba WAS ! LA/ OCCASION 
:5 ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S W]E AT LIB]TY UNTIL ! SL[ RELEASES 
FROM ,/AL9'S PRISON CAMPS AFT] #a#i#e#f4 

  

 #g4 ,! BURIAL ( ,KROPOTK9 9 ,MOSC[ 9 #a#i#b#a4 ,IT IS SAID ?AT ! AN>*I/S W]E RELEAS$ FROM PRISON = ONE DAY TO ATT5D ?IS OCCASION4 ,! SPEAK] 9 ?IS PICTURE IS ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 & BEL[ H] IS ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN4 

,GOLDMAN & ,B]KMAN TRI$ TO TELL ! TRU? AB\T ,L59'S ,RUSSIA 
:5 !Y LEFT ! C\NTRY1 BUT F\ND ?AT ! POLITICAL ,LEFT 9 ! 
,WE/ REJECT$ !IR MESSAGE1 SEE+ IT AS 'C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y'4 
,! SAME K9D ( EXCLUSION BY ! POLITICAL ,LEFT FAC$ CONT9UAL 
AN>*I/ ATTEMPTS TO REVEAL ! TRU? AB\T ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 :ILE 
,/AL9I/ 9FILTRATION DE/ROY$ ! 9TEGRITY ( A LONG S]IES ( 
WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! ,WE/4 

,ITALY'S AN>*I/ TRADITION BEGAN :5 ,BAKUN9 SETTL$ !RE 9 
#a#h#f#c1 RECOMM5D$ TO FELL[ REVOLUTION>IES BY ,G>IBALDI & 
,MAZZ9I1 :OSE NATIONALISM HE ACTUALLY OPPOS$ 9 ! NAME ( 
COMMUNAL AUTONOMY & F$]ALISM4 ,TO ?IS P]IOD ( ,BAKUN9'S 
LIFE BELONG HIS POLEMICS AGA9/ ,M>X :I*1 ACCURATELY & 
UNIQUELY1 =ESAW ! EVOLUTION ( ,M>XI/ DICTATOR%IPS 9 ! 
#b? C5TURY4 ,HIS DISCIPLE ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 :O DI$ UND] 
H\SE >RE/ 9 ,MUSSOL9I'S ,ITALY1 9ITIAT$ /REAMS ( AN>*I/ 
PROPAG&A 9 ,ITALY & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 :I* /ILL FL[ TO ?IS DAY 
9 ! =M ( AN IMPRESSIVE SPREAD ( PUBLICATIONS & CAMPAIGNS4 

,9 ! ,F> ,EA/1 ! HABIT ( S5D+ Y\NG M5 FROM AFFLU5T 
FAMILIES TO COMPLETE !IR $UCATION 9 ,EUROPE L$ TO A /R+ ( 
REVOLUTION>Y /UD5TS BR++ BACK TO ,*9A FROM ,P>IS ! 
AN>*I/ MESSAGE ( ,KROPOTK9 9 HIS PROPAG&I/ BOOKS ,! 
,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD1 ,MUTUAL ,AID1 & ESPECIALLY ,FIELDS1 ,FACTORIES & 
,WORK%OPS4 ,MANY ( ! %IFTS & TURNS ( ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY POLICY 
9 ,*9A 9 ! #a#i#eS & #a#i#fS HAVE RECOGNIZABLE L9KS ) 
,KROPOTK9'S AG5DA1 AL?\<1 ( C\RSE1 !Y W]E IMPOS$ ) 
! UTMO/ 9DIFF]5CE TO HUMAN SUFF]+4 ,! CELEBRAT$ NOVELI/ 
,PA ,*9 7,LI ,PAI ,KAN7 SAW ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN AS HIS 'SPIRITUAL MO!R' 
& CON/RUCT$ HIS PSEUDONYM FROM ONE SYLLABLE EA* ( ! NAMES 
,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK94 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 HE WAS SUBJECT$ TO 
'RE$UCATION' SEV]AL TIMES1 &1 9 #a#i#h#i1 AT ! AGE ( #h#d1 WAS 
>RE/$ BECAUSE ( HIS SUPPORT = ! DEMON/RATORS 9 
,TIANANM5 ,SQU>E4 

,BUT ! C\NTRY :]E AN>*ISM PUT D[N ITS DEEPE/ ROOTS WAS 
,SPA91 :I* 9 ! #a#i#cS HAD BO? A MASS AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ 
TRADE UNION1 ! ,C,N,T 7,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO71 & 
! ,F,A,I 7,F$]ACION ,AN>QUI/A ,IB]ICA71 AN AN>*I/ BODY 
:I* EM]G$ P]IODICALLY FROM AN UND]GR\ND EXI/5CE4 ,! 
REVOLUTION ( #ai ,JULY #aicf 9 ,SPA9 ILLU/RATES ANO!R GULF BETWE5 
! AN>*I/ ACC\NT ( EV5TS & ! WAY !Y >E P]CEIV$ & 
DESCRIB$ BY MORE 9FLU5TIAL VOICES4 

,ON #ah ,JULY #a#i#c#f1 ,SPA9 HAD ?REE ,POPUL> ,FRONT GOV]NM5TS 9 ! 
C\RSE ( A S+LE DAY1 DEBAT+ H[ TO OPPOSE ! MILIT>Y REVOLT 
FROM ! G5]ALS 9 ,MOROCCO1 :I* WAS MOV+ 9TO MA9L& 
,SPA91 & USUALLY CONCLUD+ ?AT RESI/ANCE WAS FUTILE4 ,MEAN:ILE 
9 SEV]AL CITIES & REGIONS1 NOT ONLY W]E ! WEAPONS ( ! 
MILIT>Y G>RISONS & ! CIVIL GU>DS SEIZ$1 BUT ,C,N,T MEMB]S 
TOOK CONTROL ( FACTORIES1 TRANSPORT1 & L&4 ,! FOLL[+ DAY 
M>K$ ! BEG9N+1 NOT ONLY ( A W> AGA9/ ,FRANCO'S 
9SURRECTION1 BUT ( A POPUL> REVOLUTION4 

  

 #h4 ,9 #aicf ! WORK]S ( ! ,C,N,T_/,F,A,I TOOK OV] ,B>CELONA'S TRANSPORT SY/EM & IMPROV$ ITS S]VICES = ! PEOPLE4 

,FRANCO'S REBELLION WAS AID$ BY WEAPONS1 TROOPS1 & BOMB] 
AIRCRAFT FROM ,MUSSOL9I'S ,ITALY & ,NAZI ,G]MANY1 BUT ! 
,NON-,9T]V5TION ,AGREEM5T UPHELD BY ! ,BRITI% & ,FR5* 
GOV]NM5TS LIMIT$ ! SUPPLY ( >MS = ! ANTI-,FASCI/ =CES 
TO ?OSE PROVID$ 7AT ! CO/ ( ,SPA9'S GOLD RES]VES7 BY ! 
,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,A FUR!R HEAVY P5ALTY WAS PAID = ,SOVIET 
SUPPORT4 ,/AL9'S =EIGN POLICY REQUIR$ ! REPUDIATION ( 
! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT' 
CONCEPT4 ,9 ! EF=T TO RESI/ GR[+ ,SOVIET 9FLU5CE1 AN>*I/ 
& SYNDICALI/ MILITANTS ACTUALLY BECAME M9I/]S BO? 9 ! 
,CATALAN GOV]NM5T 9 ,B>CELONA & 9 ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T 
9 ,MADRID4 

,! W> 9 ,SPA9 W\ND D[N TO ITS DESOLATE CONCLUSION 9 
,APRIL #a#i#c#i1 AFT] IMM5SE LOSS ( LIFE4 ,9 ,AUGU/ ?AT YE> ! 
NON-AGGRESSION PACT BETWE5 ,/AL9 & ,HITL] WAS SIGN$1 & 
9 ,SEPTEMB] ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> BEGAN4 ,FRANCO'S REGIME 9 
,SPA9 SURVIV$ UNTIL ! DICTATOR'S DEA? 9 #a#i#g#e4 ,! COLLAPSE ( 
OPPOSITION BR\<T A REL5TLESS CAMPAIGN ( V5GEANCE AGA9/ 
?OSE :O D>$ TO OPPOSE ,FRANCO4 ,!RE W]E UNTOLD NUMB]S ( 
EXECUTIONS & ! PRISONS W]E FILL$4 ,MILLIONS ( ,SPANI>DS LIV$ 
\T !IR LIVES 9 EXILE4 

  

 #i4 ,?RE%+ ! CORN ON A F>M 9 ,>AGON1 TAK5 OV] BY ITS WORK]S 9 #a#i#c#f4 

,FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! AN>*I/S1 ,SPA9 ?US PROVID$ 
T]RIBLE IRONIES4 ,9 T]MS ( ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( AGRICULTURE 
& 9DU/RY1 IT GAVE A LIV+ & 9SPIR+ EXAMPLE ( 
,KROPOTK9'S !ORIES AB\T ! SEIZURE ( CONTROL BY ! WORK]S4 
,9 ?OSE P>TS ( ! C\NTRY ?AT HAD NOT BE5 SEIZ$ BY 
>MY UNITS SUPPORT+ ,FRANCO !RE W]E L>GE-SCALE SEIZURES 
( L&4 ,SPA9 WAS A PR$OM9ANTLY AGRICULTURAL C\NTRY1 9 
:I* #f#g.0 ( ! L& WAS [N$ BY #b.0 ( L&[N]S4 ,AT ! 
SAME TIME MANY SMALLHOLD+S W]E TOO SMALL TO FE$ A FAMILY4 
,G]ALD ,BR5AN1 9 HIS CLASSIC BOOK ,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9?1 
EXPLA9$ ?AT '! ONLY REASONABLE SOLUTION ?R\< WIDE TRACTS 
( ,SPA9 IS A COLLECTIVE ONE'4 

,9 #aicf IT WAS E/IMAT$ ?AT 9 ?OSE P>TS ( ,SPA9 NOT OV]RUN 
BY ,FRANCO'S TROOPS1 AB\T ?REE MILLION M51 WOM51 & *ILDR5 
W]E LIV+ 9 COLLECTIVIZ$ COMMUNES4 ,OBS]V]S FROM ! TIME 
SIMIL>LY REPORT$ ON ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( FACTORIES 9 ,CATALONIA 
& ( ! REORGANIZATION ( PUBLIC S]VICES1 TRANSPORT1 TELEPHONES1 
GAS1 & ELECTRICITY 9 ,B>CELONA4 

  

 #a4 ',! ,L& IS ,Y\RS3 ,WORK ,IT6'1 SLOGAN ON A TRA9 9 ,CATALONIA1 #a#i#c#f4 

,! ,AM]ICAN PHILOSOPH] ( LANGUAGE ,NOAM ,*OMSKY REMEMB]S 
READ+ AB\T !SE A*IEVEM5TS AS A BOY 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 9 ! 
,YIDDI%-LANGUAGE AN>*I/ J\RNAL ,FRAYE ,>BET] ,%TIME4 ,!RE 
/AY$ 9 HIS M9D A REPORT ON A POV]TY-/RICK5 ,SPANI% T[N1 
,MEMBRILLA1 9 :OSE MIS]ABLE HUTS EI<T ?\S& PEOPLE LIV$1 
) 'NO NEWSPAP]1 NO C9EMA1 NEI!R A CAFE NOR A LIBR>Y'4 ,BUT ! 
VILLAG]S %>$ FOOD1 CLO?+1 & TOOLS1 & TOOK 9 A L>GE 
NUMB] ( REFUGEES4 ',IT WAS1 H[EV]1 NOT A SOCIALIZATION ( WEAL? 
BUT ( POV]TY 4 4 4 ,MEMBRILLA IS P]HAPS ! POORE/ VILLAGE ( ,SPA91 
BUT IT IS ! MO/ JU/4' ,*OMSKY COMM5TS ?AT 

,AN ACC\NT SU* AS ?IS1 ) ITS CONC]N = HUMAN RELATIONS 
& ! IDEAL ( A JU/ SOCIETY1 MU/ APPE> V]Y /RANGE TO ! 
CONSCI\SNESS ( ! SOPHI/ICAT$ 9TELLECTUAL1 & IT IS !RE=E 
TREAT$ ) SCORN1 OR TAK5 TO BE NAIVE OR PRIMITIVE OR O!RWISE 
IRRATIONAL4 ,ONLY :5 SU* PREJUDICE IS AB&ON$ WILL IT BE POSSIBLE 
= HI/ORIANS TO UND]TAKE A S]I\S /UDY ( ! POPUL> MOVEM5T 
?AT TRANS=M$ ,REPUBLICAN ,SPA9 9 ONE ( ! MO/ REM>KABLE 
SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS ?AT HI/ORY RECORDS4 

,BY N[ ! S]I\S /UDIES HAVE BE5 MADE1 & ,*OMSKY HAS 
/RESS$ !IR SIGNIFICANCE & !IR LESSONS = ! FUTURE1 S9CE1 AS 
HE SAYS1 

,:AT ATTRACTS ME AB\T AN>*ISM P]SONALLY >E ! T5D5CIES 
9 IT ?AT TRY TO COME TO GRIPS ) ! PROBLEMS ( DEAL+ ) 
COMPLEX ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RIAL SOCIETIES )9 A FRAMEWORK ( FREE 
9/ITUTIONS & /RUCTURES4 

,! ,SPANI% EXP]I5CE H>DLY MET ! SECOND ( HIS CRIT]IA1 
BUT ! EV5TS ( #aicf AMPLY JU/IFI$ HIS COMM5TS4 ,!SE 
A*IEVEM5TS W]E B>ELY NOTIC$ 9 ! NEWS M$IA ( ,WE/]N 
,EUROPE \TSIDE ! J\RNALS ( AN>*ISM & ! NONCOMMUNI/ 
F> ,LEFT1 & :5 ,GEORGE ,ORWELL1 BACK FROM ,SPA91 ATTEMPT$ TO 
PUNCTURE ! CONSPIRACY ( SIL5CE 9 HIS ,HOMAGE TO ,CATALONIA 9 
#a#i#c#g1 HIS BOOK HAD SOLD A M]E #c COPIES BE=E BE+ 
REMA9D]$ TO ! AN>*I/ BOOK%OP 9 #a#i#d4 ,MANY DECADES 
LAT]1 ,K5 ,LOA*'S FILM ,L& & ,FRE$OM 7#a#i#i#e7 WAS RAPTUR\SLY 
RECEIV$ 9 ,SPA9 = DRAMATIZ+ A KEY EPISODE 9 ! CIVIL W>1 
HI!RTO ALMO/ UNKN[N 9 ,SPA9 ITSELF4 

,NE$LESS TO SAY1 9 ! YE>S ( EXILE1 ?OSE AN>*I/S :O HAD 
SURVIV$ BO? ! W> & ,FRANCO'S REV5GE DEVOT$ 5DLESS DEBATE 
TO ! FATAL DECISION ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T TO BECOME P>T ( 
GOV]NM5T 9 AN EF=T TO COMBAT ,SOVIET DOM9ANCE4 ,S9CE EV]Y 
V>IETY ( AN>*ISM HAS OPPOS$ ! /RUCTURE ( POLITICS & ! 
POLITICAL SY/EM1 ?IS DECISION WAS SE5 AS A COMPROMISE ?AT 
BR\<T NO ADVANTAGE & MU* DISCR$IT4 ,?OSE AN>*I/S :O 
HAVE EXPLOR$ ! ISSUE T5D TO AGREE ) ! COMM5T ( ! 
VET]AN ,FR5* AN>*I/ ,SEBA/I5 ,FAURE3 ',I AM AW>E ( ! FACT 
?AT IT IS NOT ALWAYS POSSIBLE TO DO :AT ONE %\LD DO2 BUT ,I KN[ 
?AT !RE >E ?+S ?AT ON NO ACC\NT CAN ONE EV] DO4' 

,MEAN:ILE1 DECADES LAT]1 A NEW S]IES ( POPUL> UPRIS+S 
R$ISCOV]$ AN>*I/ SLOGANS 9 H]OIC DEFIANCE ( ,/AL9'S 
APP>5TLY MONOLI?IC EMPIRE4 ,SUPPRESS$ ASPIRATIONS EM]G$ ON 
! /REETS ( ,HUNG>IAN & ,POLI% CITIES 9 #aief & ON ?OSE ( 
,CZE*OSLOVAKIA 9 #a#i#f#h4 ,!Y W]E H>B+]S ( ! SUBSEQU5T 
BLOODLESS COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 AFT] DECADES ( APPALL+ 
SUFF]+ = ?OSE :O1 USUALLY 9ADV]T5TLY1 FAIL$ TO PLEASE !IR 
RUL]S4 

,AS ! REGIMES ( !IR JAIL]S COLLAPS$ >\ND !M1 !RE WAS 
SOME COM=T = ! SURVIV+ AN>*I/S1 ) !IR BLACK FLAGS ( 
PROTE/ AGA9/ ! NEW CAPITALISM /E]$ 9TO BE+ BY !IR OLD 
OPPRESSORS4 ,!Y W]E /ILL MONOTON\SLY RI<T & !IR PRIORITIES 
REMA9$ ! SAME4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #bc 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#c1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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