,BOOK #h1 ,*APT] #g 
,OBJECTION TO ?IS ,SY/EM FROM ! ,B5EFITS ( ,LUXURY 

#agicagic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,B,O,O,K ,V,I,I,I 

,( ,P,R,O,P,],T,Y 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I,I 

,O,B,J,E,C,T,I,O,N ,T,O ,?,I,S ,S,Y,/,E,M ,F,R,O,M ,! ,B,5,E,F,I,T,S ,( ,L,U,X,U,R,Y 

,NATURE ( ! OBJECTION4 -- 
,EXT5T ( ITS 9FLU5CE4 -- 
,LUXURY A /AGE TO BE PASS$ ?R\<4 -- 
,MEAN+S ( ! T]M LUXURY DI/+UI%$4 -- 
,APPLICATION4 

,! OBJECTIONS WE HAVE HI!RTO EXAM9$1 ATTACK ! PRACTICABILTY ( A SY/EM ( EQUALITY4 ,BUT !RE >E NOT WANT+ REASON]S1 ! T5D5CY ( :OSE >GUM5TS IS TO %[ ?AT1 OMITT+ ! PRACTICABILITY1 IT IS NOT EV5 DESIRABLE4 ,ONE ( ! OBJECTIONS !Y ADVANCE1 IS AS FOLL[S4 

 ,!Y LAY IT D[N AS A MAXIM1 9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE1 & ! TRU? ( ?IS MAXIM WE %ALL NOT CONT5D ) !M1 0?AT REF9EM5T IS BETT] ?AN IGNORANCE4 ,IT IS BETT] TO BE A MAN ?AN A BRUTE4 ,?OSE ATTRIBUTES !RE=E1 :I* SEP>ATE ! MAN FROM ! BRUTE1 >E MO/ WOR?Y ( \R AFFECTION & CULTIVATION4 ,ELEGANCE ( TA/E1 REF9EM5T ( S5TIM5T1 DEP? ( P5ETRATION1 & L>G5ESS ( SCI5CE1 >E AMONG ! NOBLE/ ORNAM5TS ( MAN4 ,BUT ALL !SE10 SAY !Y1 0>E CONNECT$ ) 9EQUALITY2 !Y >E ! GR[? ( LUXURY4 ,IT IS LUXURY1 BY :I* PALACES >E BUILT1 & CITIES PEOPL$4 ,IT IS = ! PURPOSE ( OBTA9+ A %>E ( ! LUXURY :I* HE WITNESSES 9 HIS RI*] NEI<BORS1 ?AT ! >TIFIC] EX]TS ! REF9EM5TS ( HIS SKILL4 ,TO ?IS CAUSE WE >E 9DEBT$1 = ! >TS ( >*ITECTURE1 PA9T+1 MUSIC & POETRY4 ,>T W\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 CULTIVAT$1 IF A /ATE ( 9EQUALITY HAD NOT 5ABL$ SOME M5 TO PUR*ASE1 & EXCIT$ O!RS TO ACQUIRE ! TAL5T :I* WAS NECESS>Y TO SELL4 ,9 A /ATE ( EQUALITY1 WE MU/ ALWAYS HAVE REMA9$1 & ) EQUALITY RE/OR$1 WE MU/ AGA9 BECOME1 B>B>IANS4 ,?US WE SEE .<AS 9 ! SY/EM ( OPTIMISM#a.> DISORD]1 SELFI%NESS1 MONOPOLY & DI/RESS1 ALL ( !M SEEM+ DISCORDS1 CONTRIBUT+ TO ! ADMIRABLE H>MONY & MAGNIFIC5CE ( ! :OLE4 ,! 9TELLECTUAL IMPROVEM5T & 5L>GEM5T WE WITNESS & HOPE =1 WAS WOR? PUR*AS+ AT ! EXP5SE ( P>TIAL 9JU/ICE & DI/RESS#b40 

 ,?IS VIEW ( ! SUBJECT1 UND] V>I\S =MS1 HAS BE5 V]Y EXT5SIVE 9 ITS EFFECTS4 ,IT PROBABLY CONTRIBUT$ TO MAKE ,R\SSEAU AN ADVOCATE ( ! SAVAGE /ATE4 ,UND\BT$LY1 WE MU/ NOT P]MIT \RSELVES TO ?9K SLI<TLY1 ( ! MIS*IEFS ?AT ACCRUE FROM A /ATE ( 9EQUALITY4 ,IF IT BE NECESS>Y ?AT ! GREAT MASS ( MANK9D %\LD BE CONDEMN$ TO SLAV]Y1 &1 /RANG] /ILL1 TO IGNORANCE1 ?AT A FEW MAY BE 5LI<T5$1 C]TA9LY ?OSE MORALI/S >E NOT TO BE BLAM$1 :O D\BT$ :E!R P]PETUAL RUD5ESS W]E NOT PREF]ABLE TO SU* A GIFT4 ,=TUNATELY ?IS IS BY NO MEANS ! REAL ALT]NATIVE4 

 ,P]HAPS A /ATE ( LUXURY1 SU* AS IS H]E DESCRIB$1 & A /ATE ( 9EQUALITY1 MI<T BE A /AGE ?R\< :I* IT WAS NECESS>Y TO PASS1 9 ORD] TO >RIVE AT ! GOAL ( CIVILIZATION4 ,! ONLY SECURITY WE CAN ULTIMATELY HAVE = AN EQUALITY ( CONDITIONS1 IS A G5]AL P]SUASION ( ! 9IQUITY ( ACCUMULATION1 & ! USELESSNESS ( WEAL?1 9 ! PUR*ASE ( HAPP9ESS4 ,BUT ?IS P]SUASION C\LD NOT BE E/ABLI%$ 9 A SAVAGE /ATE2 NOR 9DE$ CAN IT BE MA9TA9$1 IF WE %\LD FALL BACK 9TO B>B>ISM4 ,IT WAS ! SPECTACLE ( 9EQUALITY1 ?AT FIR/ EXCIT$ ! GROSSNESS ( B>B>IANS TO P]SEV]+ EX]TION1 AS A MEANS ( ACQUIR+4 ,IT WAS P]S]V]+ EX]TION1 ?AT FIR/ GAVE ! REALITY1 & ! S5SE1 ( ?AT LEISURE1 :I* HAS S]V$ ! PURPOSES ( LIT]ATURE & >T4 

,BUT1 ?\< 9EQUALITY W]E NECESS>Y AS ! PRELUDE TO CIVILIZATION1 IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO ITS SUPPORT4 ,WE MAY ?R[ D[N ! SCAFFOLD+1 :5 ! $IFICE IS COMPLETE4 ,WE HAVE AT L>GE 5DEAVOR$ TO %[#c1 ?AT ! LOVE ( \R FELL[ M51 ! LOVE ( DI/9CTION1 & :ATEV] MOTIVE IS MO/ ALLI$ TO ! 5]GIES ( ! HUMAN M9D1 WILL REMA91 :5 ! 5*ANTM5TS ( WEAL? >E DISSOLV$4 ,HE :O HAS TA/$ ! PLEASURES ( REF9EM5T & KN[L$GE1 WILL NOT RELAPSE 9TO IGNORANCE4 

 ,! BETT] TO UND]/& ! FUTILITY ( ! PRES5T OBJECTION1 IT MAY BE PROP] TO 5T] 9TO A MORE ACCURATE CONSID]ATION ( ! S5SE ( ! T]M LUXURY4 ,IT DEP5DS UPON ! MEAN+ 9 :I* IT IS UND]/OOD1 TO DET]M9E :E!R IT IS TO BE REG>D$ AS A VIRTUE OR A VISE4 ,IF WE UND]/& BY A LUXURY1 SOME?+ :I* IS TO BE 5JOY$ EXCLUSIVELY BY SOME1 AT ! EXP5SE ( UNDUE PRIVATIONS1 & A P>TIAL BURD5 UPON O!RS2 TO 9DULGE \RSELVES 9 LUXURY IS !N A VISE4 ,BUT1 IF WE UND]/& BY LUXURY1 :I* IS FREQU5TLY ! CASE1 EV]Y ACCOMMODATION :I* IS NOT ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y TO MA9TA9 US 9 S\ND & HEAL?FUL EXI/5CE1 ! PROCUR+ & COMMUNICATION ( LUXURIES MAY !N BE VIRTU\S4 ,! 5D ( VIRTUE1 IS TO ADD TO ! SUM ( PLEASURABLE S5SATION4 ,! BEACON & REGULATOR ( VIRTUE1 IS IMP>TIALITY1 ?AT WE %ALL NOT GIVE ?AT EX]TION TO PROCURE ! PLEASURE ( AN 9DIVIDUAL1 :I* MI<T HAVE BE5 EMPLOY$ 9 PROCUR+ ! PLEASURE ( MANY 9DIVIDUALS4 ,)9 !SE LIMITS EV]Y MAN IS LAUDABLY EMPLOY$1 :O PROCURES TO HIMSELF OR HIS NEI<BOR A REAL ACCESSION ( PLEAUSRE2 & HE IS C5SURABLE1 :O NEGLECTS ANY OCCASION ( BE+ SO EMPLOY$4 ,WE \<T NOT TO /UDY ?AT WE MAY LIVE1 BUT TO LIVE ?AT WE MAY REPL5I% EXI/5CE ) ! GREATE/ NUMEBR ( UNALLAY$1 EXQUISITE & SUB/ANTIAL 5JOYM5TS4 

 ,LET US APPLY !SE REFLECTIONS TO ! /ATE ( EQUALITY WE HAVE 5DEAVOR$ TO DEL9EATE4 ,IT APPE>$ 9 ?AT DEL9EATION#d1 ?AT ! LABOR ( HALF AN H\R P] DIEM ON ! P>T ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! COMMUNITY1 W\LD PROBABLY BE SUFFICI5T TO PROCURE = ALL ! NECESS>IES ( LIFE4 ,?IS QUANTITY ( 9DU/RY !RE=E1 ?O< PRSCRIB$ BY NO LAW1 & 9=C$ BY NO DIRECT P5ALTY1 W\LD BE MO/ P[]FULLY IMPOS$ UPON ! /RONG 9 9TELLECT1 BY A S5SE ( JU/ICE1 & UPON ! WEAK1 BY A S5SE ( %AME4 ,AFT] ?IS1 H[ W\LD M5 SP5D ! REMA9D] ( !IR TIME8 ,NOT PROBABLY 9 IDL5ESS1 NOT ALL M51 & ! :OLE ( !IR TIME1 9 ! PURSUIT ( 9TELLECTUAL ATTA9M5TS4 ,!RE >E MANY ?+S1 ! FRUIT ( HUMAN 9DU/RY1 :I*1 ?\< NOT TO BE CLASS$ AMONG ! NECESS>IES ( LIFE1 >E HI<LY CONDUCIVE TO \R WELL BE+4 ,! CRIT]ION ( !SE ?+S WILL APPE>1 :5 WE HAVE ASC]TA9$ :AT ?OSE ACCOMMODATIONS >E :I* WILL GIVE US REAL PLEASURE1 AFT] ! 9S9UATIONS ( VANITY & O/5TATION %ALL HAVE DISMISS$4 ,A CONSID]ABLE PORTION ( TIME W\LD PROBABLY BE D$ICAT$1 9 AN 5LI<T5$ COMMUNITY1 TO ! PRODUCTION ( SU* ACCOMMODATIONS4 ,A LABOR ( ?IS SORT IS P]HAPS NOT 9CONSI/5T ) ! MO/ DESIRABLE /ATE ( HUMAN EXI/5CE4 ,LABORI\S EMPLOYM5T IS A CALAMITY N[1 BECAUSE IT IS IMP]I\SLY PRESCRIB$ UPON M5 AS ! CONDITION ( !IR EXI/5CE1 & BECAUSE IT %UTS !M \T FROM A FAIR P>TICIPATION 9 ! MEANS ( KN[L$GE & IMPROVEM5T4 ,:5 IT %ALL BE R5D]$ 9 ! /RICTE/ S5SE VOLUNT>Y1 :5 IT %ALL CEASE TO 9T]F]E ) \R IMPROVEM5T1 & RA!R BECOME A P>T ( IT1 OR AT WOR/ BE CONV]T$ 9TO A S\RCE ( AMUSEM5T & V>IETY1 IT MAY !N BE NO LONG] A CALAMITY1 BUT A B5EFIT4 ,?US IT APPE>S ?AT A /ATE ( EQUALITY NE$ NOT BE A /ATE ( ,/OICAL SIMPLICITY1 BUT IS COMPATIBLE ) CONSID]ABLE ACCOMMODATION1 & EV51 9 SOME S5SE1 ) SPL5DOR2 AT LEA/1 IF BY SPL5DOR WE UND]/& COPI\SNESS ( ACCOMMODATION1 & V>IETY ( 9V5TION = ! PURPOSES ( ACCOMMODATION4 ,?OSE P]SONS !RE=E :O MAY BE CONCLUD$ TO HAVE SMALL APPE>ANCE ( REASON1 :O CONF\ND SU* A /ATE ) ! /ATE ( ! SAVAGE2 OR :O SUPPOSE ?AT ! ACQUISITION ( ! =M]1 IS TO BE CONSID]$ AS HAV+ A T5D5CY TO LEAD TO ! LATT]4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a,BOOK ,I,V1 ,*AP4 ,X,I4 

#b,! GREAT *AMPION ( ?IS DOCTR9E IS ,M&EVILLE4 ,IT IS NOT H[EV] EASY TO DET]M9E1 :E!R HE IS S]I\SLY1 OR ONLY IRONICALLY1 ! DEF5D] ( ! PRES5T SY/EM ( SOCIETY4 ,HIS PR9CIPAL WORK .<,FABLE ( ! ,BEES.> IS HI<LY WOR?Y ! ATT5TION ( EV]Y MAN1 :O W\LD LE>N PR(\NDLY TO PHILOSOPHIZE UPON HUMAN AFFAIRS4 ,NO AU?OR HAS DISPLAY$1 9 /RONG] T]MS1 ! DE=MITY ( EXI/+ ABUSES1 OR PROV$ MORE SATSIFACTORILY H[ 9SEP>ABLY !SE ABUSES >E CONNECT$ TOGE!R4 ,HUME .<,ESSAYS2 ,P>T ,I,I1 ,ESSAY ,I,I4.> HAS 5DEAVOR$ TO COMMUNICATE TO ! ,M&EVILIAN SY/EM HIS [N LU/] & BRILLIANCY ( COLOR+4 ,BUT IT HAS UN=TUNATELY HAPP5$1 ?AT :AT HE ADDS 9 BEAUTY HE HAS SUBTRACT$ FROM PR(\NDNESS4 ,! PR(\NDNESS ( ,HUME1 :I* HAS NEV] BE5 SURPASS$1 & :I* RANKS HIM ) ! MO/ ILLU/RI\S & V5]ABLE ( M51 IS = ! MO/ P>T ! PR(\NDNESS ( LOGICAL DI/9CTION1 RA!R ?AN ( MORAL ANALYSIS4 

#c,BOOK ,V,I,I,I1 ,*AP4 ,I1 ,I,V1 ,V,I4 

#d,BOOK ,V,I,I,I1 ,*AP4 ,V,I1 P4 #d#h#d"94 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #agib 3 ,BOOK #h1 ,*APT] #g -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #h1 ,*APT] #g -- ,ADD$4 

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