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,( ,PUNI%M5T ,CONSID]$ AS A ,TEMPOR>Y ,EXP$I5T 

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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

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 ,>GUM5TS 9 ITS FAVOR4 - ,ANSW]4 - ,IT CANNOT FIT M5 = A BETT] ORD] ( 
 SOCIETY4 - ,! TRUE REM$Y TO PRIVATE 9JU/ICE DESCRIB$ - IS ADAPT$ TO 
 IMM$IATE PRACTICE4 - ,DUTY ( ! COMMUNITY 9 ?IS RESPECT4 - ,DUTY ( 
 9DIVIDUALS4 - ,ILLU/RATION FROM ! CASE ( W> - ( 9DIVIDUAL DEF5SE4 - 
 ,APPLICATION4 ,DISADVANTAGES ( AN>*Y - WANT ( SECURITY - ( PROGRESSIVE 
 9QUIRY4 - ,CORRESPOND5T DISADVANTAGES ( DESPOTISM4 - ,AN>*Y AWAK5S1 
 DESPOTISM DEPRESSES ! M9D4 - ,F9AL RESULT ( AN>*Y - H[ DET]M9$4 - 
 ,SUPPOS$ PURPOSES ( PUNI%M5T 9 A TEMPOR>Y VIEW - RE=MATION - EXAMPLE - 
 RE/RA9T4 - ,CONCLUSION4 

  

,?US MU* = ! G5]AL M]ITS ( PUNI%M5T1 CONSID]$ AS AN 9/RUM5T TO BE APPLI$ 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( M54 ,IT IS TIME ?AT WE %\LD 9QUIRE 9TO ! APOLOGY :I* MAY BE (F]$ 9 ITS BEHALF1 AS A TEMPOR>Y EXP$I5T4 ,NO 9TRODUCTION SEEM$ MORE PROP] TO ?IS 9QUIRY ?AN SU* A REVIEW ( ! SUBJECT UPON A COMPREH5SIVE SCALE2 ?AT ! READ] MI<T BE 9SPIR$ ) A SUITABLE REPUGNANCE AGA9/ SO P]NICI\S A SY/EM1 & PREP>$ FIRMLY TO RESI/ ITS ADMISSION1 9 ALL CASES :]E ITS NECESSITY CANNOT BE CLE>LY DEMON/RAT$4 

,! >GUM5TS 9 FAVOR ( PUNI%M5T AS A TEMPOR>Y EXP$I5T >E OBVI\S4 ,IT MAY BE ALLEG$ ?AT 'H[EV] SUITABLE AN 5TIRE IMMUNITY 9 ?IS RESPECT MAY BE TO ! NATURE ( M9D ABSOLUTELY CONSID]$1 IT IS IMPRACTICABLE ) REG>D TO M5 AS WE N[ F9D !M4 ,! HUMAN SPECIES IS AT PRES5T 9FECT$ ) A ?\S& VISES1 ! (FSPR+ ( E/ABLI%$ 9JU/ICE4 ,!Y >E FULL ( FACTITI\S APPETITES & P]V]SE HABITS3 HEAD/RONG 9 EVIL1 9VET]ATE 9 SELFI%NESS1 )\T SYMPA?Y & =BE>ANCE = ! WELF>E ( O!RS4 ,9 TIME !Y MAY BECOME ACCOMODAT$ TO ! LESSONS ( REASON2 BUT AT PRES5T !Y W\LD BE F\ND DEAF TO H] M&ATES1 & EAG] TO COMMIT EV]Y SPECIES ( 9JU/ICE4' 

,ONE ( ! REM>KS ?AT MO/ IRRESI/IBLY SUGGE/ !MSELVES UPON ?IS /ATEM5T IS ?AT PUNI%M5T HAS NO PROP] T5D5CY TO PREP>E M5 = A /ATE 9 :I* PUNI%M5T %ALL CEASE4 ,IT W]E IDLE TO EXPECT ?AT =CE %\LD BEG9 TO DO ?AT :I* IT IS ! (FICE ( TRU? TO F9I%1 %\LD FIT M51 BY SEV]ITY & VIOL5CE1 TO 5T] ) MORE FAVORABLE AUSPICES 9TO ! S*OOLS ( REASON4 

,BUT1 TO OMIT ?IS GROSS MISREPRES5TATION 9 BEHALF ( ! SUPPOS$ UTILITY ( PUNI%M5T1 IT IS ( IMPORTANCE1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 TO OBS]VE ?AT !RE IS A COMPLETE & UNANSW]ABLE REM$Y TO ?OSE EVILS1 ! CURE ( :I* HAS HI!RTO BE5 S\<T 9 PUNI%M5T1 ?AT IS )9 ! REA* ( EV]Y COMMUNITY1 :5EV] !Y %ALL BE P]SUAD$ TO ADOPT IT4 ,!RE IS A /ATE ( SOCIETY1 ! \TL9E ( :I* HAS BE5 ALREADY SKET*$1#a ?AT1 BY ! M]E SIMPLICITY ( ITS /RUCTURE1 W\LD LEAD TO ! EXT]M9ATION ( (F5SE3 A /ATE 9 :I* TEMPTATION W\LD BE ALMO/ UNKN[N1 TRU? BR\<T D[N TO ! LEVEL ( ALL APPREH5SIONS1 & VISE SUFFICI5TLY *ECK$1 BY ! G5]AL DISC\NT5ANCE1 & SOB] CONDEMNATION ( EV]Y SPECTATOR4 ,SU* >E ! CONSEQU5CES ?AT MI<T BE EXPECT$ TO SPR+ FROM AN ABOLITION ( ! CRAFT & MY/]Y ( GOV]N+2 :ILE1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! 9NUM]ABLE MURD]S ?AT >E DAILY COMMITT$ UND] ! SANCTION ( LEGAL =MS >E SOLELY TO BE ASCRIB$ TO ! P]NICI\S NOTION ( AN EXT5SIVE T]RITORY2 TO ! DREAMS ( GLORY1 EMPIRE & NATIONAL GREATNESS1 :I* HAVE HI!RTO PROV$ ! BANE ( ! HUMAN SPECIES1 )\T PRODUC+ 5TIRE B5EFIT & HAPP9ESS TO A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL4 

,ANO!R OBS]VATION :I* ?IS CONSID]ATION IMM$IATELY SUGGE/S IS ?AT IT IS NOT1 AS ! OBJECTION SUPPOS$1 BY ANY MEANS NECESS>Y ?AT MANK9D %\LD PASS ?R\< A /ATE ( PURIFICATION1 & BE FRE$ FROM ! VICI\S PROP5SITIES :I* ILL CON/ITUT$ GOV]NM5TS HAVE IMPLANT$1 BE=E !Y CAN BE DISMISS$ FROM ! CO]CION TO :I* !Y >E AT PRES5T SUBJECT$4 ,!IR /ATE W\LD 9DE$ BE HOPELESS IF IT W]E NECESS>Y ?AT ! CURE %\LD BE EFFECT$ BE=E WE W]E AT LIB]TY TO DISC>D ?OSE PRACTICES TO :I* ! DISEASE [ES ITS MO/ AL>M+ SYMPTOMS4 ,BUT IT IS ! *>ACT]I/IC ( A WELL =M$ SOCIETY1 NOT ONLY TO MA9TA9 9 ITS MEMB]S ?OSE VIRTUES ) :I* !Y >E ALREADY IMBU$1 BUT TO EXTIRPATE !IR ]RORS1 & R5D] !M B5EVOL5T & JU/ TO EA* O!R4 ,IT FREES US FROM ! 9FLU5CE ( ?OSE PHANTOMS :I* BE=E MISL$ US1 %[S US \R TRUE ADVANTAGE AS CONSI/+ 9 9DEP5D5CE & 9TEGRITY1 & B9DS US1 BY ! G5]AL CONS5T ( \R FELL[ CITIZ5S1 TO ! DICTATES ( REASON MORE /RONGLY ?AN ) FETT]S ( IRON4 ,IT IS NOT TO ! S\ND ( 9TELLECTUAL HEAL? ?AT ! REM$Y SO URG5TLY ADDRESSES ITSELF AS TO ?OSE :O >E 9FECT$ ) DISEASES ( ! M9D4 ,! ILL PROP5SITIES ( MANK9D NO O!RWISE T5D TO PO/PONE ! ABOLITION ( CO]CION ?AN AS !Y PREV5T !M FROM P]CEIV+ ! ADVANTAGES ( POLITICAL SIMPLICITY4 ,! MOM5T 9 :I* !Y CAN BE P]SUAD$ TO ADOPT ANY RATIONAL PLAN = ?IS ABOLITION IS ! MOM5T 9 :I* ! ABOLITION \<T TO BE EFFECT$4 

,A FUR!R CONSEQU5CE ?AT MAY BE D$UC$ FROM ! PR9CIPLES ?AT HAVE BE5 DELIV]$ IS ?AT A CO]CION TO BE EMPLOY$ UPON ITS [N MEMB]S CAN1 9 NO CASE1 BE ! DUTY ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,! COMMUNITY IS ALWAYS COMPET5T TO *ANGE ITS 9/ITUTIONS1 & ?US TO EXTIRPATE (F5SE 9 A WAY 9F9ITELY MORE RATIONAL & JU/ ?AN ?AT ( PUNI%M5T4 ,IF1 9 ?IS S5SE1 PUNI%M5T HAS BE5 DEEM$ NECESS>Y AS A TEMPOR>Y EXP$I5T1 ! OP9ION ADMITS ( SATISFACTORY REFUTATION4 ,PUNI%M5T CAN AT NO TIME1 EI!R P]MAN5TLY OR PROVISIONALLY1 MAKE P>T ( ANY POLITICAL SY/EM ?AT IS BUILT UPON ! PR9CIPLES ( REASON4 

,BUT1 ?\<1 9 ?IS S5SE1 PUNI%M5T CANNOT BE ADMITT$ = SO MU* AS A TEMPOR>Y EXP$I5T1 !RE IS  ANO!R S5SE 9 :I* IT MU/ BE SO ADMITT$4 ,CO]CION1 EX]CIS$ 9 ! NAME ( ! /ATE UPON ITS RESPECTIVE MEMB]S1 CANNOT BE ! DUTY ( ! COMMUNITY2 BUT CO]CION MAY BE ! DUTY ( 9DIVIDUALS )9 ! COMMUNITY4 ,! DUTY ( 9DIVIDUALS1 9 !IR POLITICAL CAPACITY1 IS1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 TO 5DEAVOR TO MELIORATE ! /ATE ( SOCIETY 9 :I* !Y EXI/1 & TO BE 9DEFATIGABLE 9 DETECT+ ITS IMP]FECTIONS4 ,BUT1 9 ! SECOND PLACE1 IT BEHOOVES !M TO RECOLLECT ?AT !IR EF=TS CANNOT BE EXPECT$ TO MEET ) 9/ANT SUCCESS1 ?AT ! PROGRESS ( KN[L$GE HAS1 9 ALL CASES1 BE5 GRADUAL1 & ?AT !IR OBLIGATION TO PROMOTE ! WELF>E ( SOCIETY DUR+ ! 9T]M$IATE P]IOD IS C]TA9LY NOT LESS REAL ?AN !IR OBLIGATION TO PROMOTE ITS FUTURE & P]MAN5T ADVANTAGE4 ,EV5 ! FUTURE ADVANTAGE CANNOT BE EFFECTUALLY PROCUR$ IF WE BE 9ATT5TIVE TO ! PRES5T SECURITY4 ,BUT1 AS LONG AS NATIONS %ALL BE SO F> MI/AK5 AS TO 5DURE A COMPLEX GOV]NM5T1 & AN EXT5SIVE T]RITORY1 CO]CION WILL BE 9DISP5SABLY NECESS>Y TO G5]AL SECURITY4 ,IT IS !RE=E ! DUTY ( 9DIVIDUALS TO TAKE AN ACTIVE %>E UPON OCCASION 9 SO MU* CO]CION1 & 9 SU* P>TS ( ! EXI/+ SY/EM1 AS %ALL BE SUFFICI5T TO C\NT]ACT ! GR[? ( UNIV]SAL VIOL5CE & TUMULT4 ,IT IS UNWOR?Y ( A RATIONAL 5QUIR] TO SAY1 ',!SE ?+S >E NECESS>Y1 BUT ,I AM NOT OBLIG$ TO TAKE MY %>E 9 !M4' ,IF !Y BE NECESS>Y1 !Y >E NECESS>Y = ! G5]AL WELF>E2 ( CONSEQU5CE1 >E VIRTU\S1 & :AT NO JU/ MAN WILL REFUSE TO P]=M4 

,! DUTY ( 9DIVIDUALS IS1 9 ?IS RESPECT1 SIMIL> TO ! DUTY ( 9DEP5D5T COMMUNITIES UPON ! SUBJECT ( W>4 ,IT IS WELL KN[N :AT HAS BE5 ! PREVAIL+ POLICY ( PR9CES UND] ?IS HEAD4 ,PR9CES1 ESPECIALLY ! MO/ ACTIVE & 5T]PRIS+ AMONG !M1 >E SEIZ$ ) AN 9EXT+UI%ABLE RAGE = AUGM5T+ !IR DOM9IONS4 ,! MO/ 9NOC5T & 9(F5SIVE CONDUCT ON ! P>T ( !IR NEI<BORS WILL NOT1 AT ALL TIMES1 BE A SUFFICI5T SECURITY AGA9/ !IR AMBITION4 ,!Y 9DE$ SEEK TO DISGUISE !IR VIOL5CE UND] PLAUSIBLE PRET5SES2 BUT IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT1 :]E NO SU* PRET5SES OCCUR1 !Y >E NOT1 ON ?AT ACC\NT1 DISPOS$ TO REL9QUI% ! PURSUIT4 ,LET US IMAG9E !N A L& ( FREEM5 9VAD$ BY ONE ( !SE DESPOTS4 ,:AT CONDUCT DOES IT BEHOOVE !M TO ADOPT8 ,WE >E NOT YET WISE 5\< TO MAKE ! SWORD DROP \T ( ! H&S ( \R OPPRESSORS1 BY ! M]E =CE ( REASON4 ,W]E WE RESOLV$1 LIKE QUAK]S1 NEI!R TO OPPOSE NOR1 :]E IT C\LD BE AVOID$1 TO SUBMIT TO !M1 MU* BLOOD%$ MI<T P]HAPS BE PREV5T$3 BUT A MORE LA/+ EVIL W\LD RESULT4 ,!Y W\LD FIX G>RISONS 9 \R C\NTRY1 & TORM5T US ) P]PETUAL 9JU/ICE4 ,SUPPOS+ IT W]E EV5 GRANT$ ?AT1 IF ! 9VAD$ NATION %\LD DEMEAN ITSELF ) UNALT]ABLE CON/ANCY1 ! 9VAD]S W\LD BECOME TIR$ ( !IR FRUITLESS USURPATION1 IT W\LD PROVE BUT LITTLE4 ,AT PRES5T WE HAVE TO DO1 NOT ) NATIONS ( PHILOSOPH]S1 BUT ) NATIONS ( M5 :OSE VIRTUES >E ALLOY$ ) WEAKNESS1 FLUCTUATION & 9CON/ANCY4 ,AT PRES5T IT IS \R DUTY TO CONSULT RESPECT+ ! PROC$URE :I*1 TO SU* NATIONS1 MAY BE ATT5D$ ) ! MO/ FAVORABLE RESULT4 ,IT IS !RE=E PROP] ?AT WE %\LD *OOSE ! LEA/ CALAMIT\S MODE ( OBLIG+ ! 5EMY SPE$ILY TO )DRAW HIMSELF FROM \R T]RITORIES4 

,! CASE ( 9DIVIDUAL DEF5SE IS ( ! SAME NATURE4 ,IT DOES NOT APPE> ?AT ANY ADVANTAGE CAN RESULT FROM MY =BE>ANCE1 ADEQUATE TO ! DISADVANTAGES ( SUFF]+ MY [N LIFE1 OR ?AT ( ANO!R1 A PECULI>LY VALUABLE MEMB] ( ! COMMUNITY1 AS IT MAY HAPP51 TO BECOME A PREY TO ! FIR/ RUFFIAN :O 9CL9ES TO DE/ROY IT4 ,=BE>ANCE1 9 ?IS CASE1 WILL BE ! CONDUCT ( A S+UL> 9DIVIDUAL1 & ITS EFFECT MAY V]Y PROBABLY BE TRIFL+4 ,H5CE IT APPE>S ?AT ,I \<T TO >RE/ ! VILLA9 9 ! EXECUTION ( HIS DESIGNS1 ?\< AT ! EXP5SE ( A C]TA9 DEGREE ( CO]CION4 

,! CASE ( AN (F5D] :O APPE>S TO BE H>D5$ 9 GUILT1 & TO TRADE 9 ! VIOLATION ( SOCIAL SECURITY1 IS CLE>LY P>ALLEL TO !SE4 ,I \<T TO TAKE UP >MS AGA9/ ! DESPOT BY :OM MY C\NTRY IS 9IVAD$1 BECAUSE MY CAPACITY DOES NOT 5ABLE ME BY >GUM5TS TO PREVAIL ON HIM TO DESI/1 & BECAUSE MY C\NTRYM5 WILL NOT PRES]VE !IR 9TELLECTUAL 9DEP5D5CE 9 ! MID/ ( OPPRESSION4 ,= ! SAME REASON ,I \<T TO TAKE UP >MS AGA9/ ! DOME/IC SPOIL]1 BECAUSE ,I AM UNABLE EI!R TO P]SUADE HIM TO DESI/1 OR ! COMMUNITY TO ADOPT A JU/ POLITICAL 9/ITUTION BY MEANS ( :I* SECURITY MI<T BE MA9TA9$ CONSI/5TLY ) ! ABOLITION ( PUNI%M5T4 

,TO UND]/& ! FULL EXT5T ( ?IS DUTY1 IT IS 9CUMB5T UPON US TO REM>K ?AT AN>*Y AS IT IS USUALLY UND]/OOD 1 & A WELL CONCEIV$ =M ( SOCIETY )\T GOV]NM5T1 >E EXCE$+LY DIFF]5T FROM EA* O!R4 ,IF ! GOV]NM5T ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 W]E DISSOLV$ TOMORR[1 UNLESS ?AT DISSOLUTION W]E ! RESULT ( CONSI/5T & DIGE/$ VIEWS ( POLITICAL TRU? PREVI\SLY DISSEM9IAT$ AMONG ! 9HABITANTS1 IT W\LD BE V]Y F> FROM LEAD+ TO ! ABOLITION ( VIOL5CE4 ,9DIVIDUALS1 FRE$ FROM ! T]RORS BY :I* !Y HAD BE5 ACCU/OM$ TO BE RE/RA9$1 & NOT YET PLAC$ UND] ! HAPPI] & MORE RATIONAL RE/RA9T ( PUBLIC 9SPECTION1 OR CONV9C$ ( ! WISDOM ( RECIPROCAL =BE>ANCE1 W\LD BREAK \T 9TO ACTS ( 9JU/ICE1 :ILE O!R 9DIVIDUALS1 :O DESIR$ ONLY ?AT ?IS IRREGUL>ITY %\LD CEASE1 W\LD F9D !MSELVES OBLIG$ TO ASSOCIATE = ITS =CIBLE SUPPRESSION4 ,WE %\LD HAVE ALL ! EVILS & COMPULSORY RE/RA9T TO A REGUL> GOV]NM5T1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT WE W]E DEPRIV$ ( ?AT TRANQUILITY & LEISURE :I* >E ITS ONLY ADVANTAGES4 

,IT MAY NOT BE USELESS 9 ?IS PLACE TO CONSID]1 MORE ACCURATELY ?AN WE HAVE HI!RTO DONE1 ! EVILS ( AN>*Y4 ,SU* A REVIEW MAY AF=D US A CRIT]ION BY :I* TO DISC]N1 AS WELL ! COMP>ATIVE VALUE ( DIFF]5T 9/ITUTIONS1 AS ! PRECISE DEGREE ( CO]CION :I* IS REQUIR$ = ! EXCLUSION ( UNIV]SAL VIOL5CE & TUMULT4 

,AN>*Y1 9 ITS [N NATURE1 IS AN EVIL ( %ORT DURATION4 ,! MORE HORRIBLE >E ! MIS*IEFS IT 9FLICTS1 ! MORE DOES IT HA/5 TO A CLOSE4 ,BUT IT IS NEV]!LESS NECESS>Y ?AT WE %\LD CONSID] BO? :AT IS ! QUANTITY ( MIS*IEF IT PRODUCES 9 A GIV5 P]IOD1 & :AT IS ! SC5E 9 :I* IT PROMISES TO CLOSE4 ,! FIR/ VICTIM ?AT IS SACRIFIC$ AT ITS %R9E IS P]SONAL SECURITY4 ,EV]Y MAN :O HAS A SECRET FOE \<T TO DREAD ! DAGG] ( ?AT FOE4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT1 9 ! WOR/ AN>*Y1 MULTITUDES ( M5 WILL SLEEP 9 HAPPY OBSCURITY4 ,BUT WOE TO HIM :O1 BY :ATEV] MEANS1 EXCITES ! 5VY1 ! JEAL\SY OR ! SUSPICION ( HIS NEI<BOR6 ,UNBRIDL$ F]OCITY 9/ANTLY M>KS HIM = ITS PREY4 ,?IS IS 9DE$ ! PR9CIPAL EVIL ( SU* A /ATE1 ?AT ! WISE/1 ! BRI<TE/1 ! MO/ G5]\S & BOLD WILL (T5 BE MO/ EXPOS$ TO AN IMMATURE FATE4 ,9 SU* A /ATE WE MU/ BID F>EWELL TO ! PATI5T LUCUBRATIONS ( ! PHILOSOPH]1 & ! LABOR ( ! MIDNI<T OIL4 ,ALL IS H]E1 LIKE ! SOCIETY 9 :I* IT EXI/S1 IMPATI5T & HEADLONG4 ,M9D WILL FREQU5TLY BUR/ =?1 BUT ITS APPE>ANCE WILL BE LIKE ! CORUSCATIONS ( ! METEOR1 NOT LIKE ! MILD & EQUABLE ILLUM9ATION ( ! SUN4 ,M5 :O />T =? 9TO SUDD5 5]GY WILL RESEMBLE 9 TEMP] ! /ATE ?AT BR\<T !M TO ?IS UNLOOK$ = GREATNES4 ,!Y WILL BE RIGOR\S1 UNFEEL+ & FI]CE2 & !IR UNGOV]N$ PASSIONS WILL (T5 NOT /OP AT EQUALITY1 BUT 9CITE !M TO GRASP AT P[]4 

,) ALL !SE EVILS1 WE MU/ NOT HA/ILY CONCLUDE ?AT ! MIS*IEFS ( AN>*Y >E WORSE ?AN ?OSE :I* GOV]NM5T IS QUALIFI$ TO PRODUCE4 ,) RESPECT TO P]SONAL SECURITY1 AN>*Y IS P]HAPS A CONDITION MORE DEPLORABLE ?AN DESPOTISM2 BUT !N IT IS TO BE CONSID]$ ?AT DESPOTISM IS AS P]5NIAL AS AN>*Y IS TRANSITORY4 ,DESPOTISM1 AS IT EXI/$ UND] ! ,ROMAN EMP]ORS1 M>K$ \T WEAL? = ITS VICTIM1 & ! GUILT ( BE+ RI* NEV] FAIL$ TO CONVICT ! ACCUS$ ( EV]Y O!R CRIME4 ,?IS DESPOTISM CONT9U$ = C5TURIES4 ,DESPOTISM1 AS IT HAS EXI/$ 9 MODEM ,EUROPE1 HAS BE5 EV] FULL ( JEAL\SY & 9TRIGUE1 A TOOL TO ! RAGE ( C\RTI]S1 & ! RES5TM5T ( WOM54 ,HE ?AT D>$ UTT] A WORD AGA9/ TYRANT1 OR 5DEAVOR TO 9/RUCT HIS C\NTRYM5 9 !IR 9T]E/S WAS NEV] SECURE ?AT ! NEXT MOM5T W\LD NOT CONDUCT HIM TO A DUNGEON4 ,H]E DESPOTISM WREAK$ H] V5GEANCE AT LEISURE2 & =TY YE>S ( MIS]Y & SOLITUDE W]E SOMETIMES 9SUFFICI5T TO SATIATE H] FURY4 ,NOR WAS ?IS ALL4 ,AN USURPATION ?AT DEFI$ ALL ! RULES ( JU/ICE WAS OBLIG$ TO PUR*ASE ITS [N SAFETY BY ASSI/+ TYRANNY ?R\< ALL ITS SUBORD9ATE RANKS4 ,H5CE ! RI<TS ( NOBILITY1 ( FEUDAL VASSALAGE1 ( PRIMOG5ITURE1 ( F9ES & 9H]ITANCE4 ,:5 ! PHILOSOPHY ( LAW %ALL BE PROP]LY UND]/OOD1 ! TRUE KEY TO ITS SPIRIT & HI/ORY WILL PROBABLY BE F\ND1 NOT1 AS SOME M51 HAVE FONDLY IMAG9$1 9 A DESIRE TO SECURE ! HAPP9ESS ( MANK9D1 BUT 9 ! V5AL COMPACT BY :I* SUP]IOR TYRANTS HAVE PUR*AS$ ! C\NT5ANCE & ALLIANCE ( ! 9F]IOR4 

,!RE IS ONE PO9T REMA9+ 9 :I* AN>*Y & DESPOTISM >E /RONGLY CONTRA/$ ) EA* O!R4 ,AN>*Y AWAK5S ?\<T1 & DIFFUSES 5]GY & 5T]PRISE ?R\< ! COMMUNITY1 ?\< IT DOES NOT EFFECT ?IS 9 ! BE/ MANN]1 AS ITS FRUITS1 =C$ 9TO RIP5ESS1 MU/ NOT BE EXPECT$ TO HAVE ! VIGOR\S /AM9A ( TRUE EXCELL5CE4 ,BUT1 9 DESPOTISM1 M9D IS TRAMPL$ 9TO AN EQUALITY ( ! MO/ ODI\S SORT4 ,EV]Y?+ ?AT PROMISES GREATNESS IS DE/9$ TO FALL UND] ! EXT]M9AT+ H& ( SUSPICION & 5VY4 ,9 DESPOTISM1 !RE IS NO 5C\RAGEM5T TO EXCELL5CE4 ,M9D DELI<TS TO EXPATIATE1 9 A FIELD :]E EV]V SPECIES ( DI/9CTION IS )9 ITS REA*4 ,A S*EME ( POLICY UND] :I* ALL M5 >E FIX$ 9 CLASSES1 OR LEVEL$ ) ! DU/1 AF=DS IT NO 5C\RAGEM5T TO PURSUE ITS C>E]4 ,! 9HABITANTS ( C\NTRIES 9 :I* DESPOTISM IS COMPLETE >E FREQU5TLY BUT A MORE VICI\S SPECIES ( BRUTES4 ,OPPRESSION /IMULATES !M TO MIS*IEF & PIRACY & SUP]IOR =CE ( M9D (T5 DISPLAYS ITSELF ONLY 9 DEEP] TREA*]Y1 OR MORE D>+ 9JU/ICE4 

,ONE ( ! MO/ 9T]E/+ QUE/IONS1 9 RELATION TO AN>*Y1 IS ?AT1( ! RESULT 9 :I* IT MAY BE EXPECT$ TO T]M9ATE4 ,! POSSIBILITIES AS TO ?IS T]M9ATION >E AS WIDE AS ! V>I\S S*EMES ( SOCIETY :I* ! HUMAN IMAG9ATION CAN CONCEIVE4 ,AN>*Y MAY & HAS T]M9AT$ 9 DESPOTISM2 &1 9 ?AT CASE1 ! 9TRODUCTION ( AN>*Y WILL ONLY S]VE TO AFFLICT US ) V>IETY ( EVILS4 ,IT MAY LEAD TO A MODIFICATION ( DESPOTISM1 A MILD] & MORE EQUITABLE GOV]NM5T ?AN ?AT :I* HAD GONE BE=E4 ,IT CANNOT IMM$IATELY LEAD TO ! BE/ =M ( SOCIETY1 S9CE IT NECESS>ILY LEAVES MANK9D 9 A /ATE ( F]M5T1 :I* REQUIRES A /RONG H& TO CONTROL1 & A SL[ & W>Y PROCESS TO TRANQUILIZE4 

,! SC5E 9 :I* AN>*Y %ALL T]M9ATE PR9CIPALLY DEP5DS UPON ! /ATE ( M9D BY :I* IT HAS BE5 PREC$$4 ,ALL MANK9D W]E 9 A /ATE ( AN>*Y1 ?AT IS1 )\T GOV]NM5T1 PREVI\SLY TO !IR BE+ 9 A /ATE ( POLICY4 ,IT W\LD NOT BE DIFFICULT TO F9D1 9 ! HI/ORY ( ALMO/ EV]Y C\NTRY1 A P]IOD ( AN>*Y4 ,! PEOPLE ( ,5GL& W]E 9 A /ATE ( AN>*Y IMM$IATELY BE=E ! ,RE/ORATION4 ,! ,ROMAN PEOPLE W]E 9 A /ATE ( AN>*Y AT ! MOM5T ( !IR SECESSION TO ! ,SACR$ ,M\NTA94 ,H5CE IT FOLL[S ?AT AN>*Y IS NEI!R SO GOOD NOR SO ILL A ?+ 9 RELATION TO ITS CONSEQU5CES AS IT HAS SOMETIMES BE5 REPRES5T$4 

,LITTLE GOOD CAN BE EXPECT$ FROM ANY SPECIES ( AN>*Y ?AT %\LD SUBSI/1 = 9/ANCE1 AMONG ,AM]ICAN SAVAGES4 ,9 ORD] TO AN>*Y BE+ R5D]$ A SE$-PLOT ( FUTURE JU/ICE1 REFLECTION & 9QUIRY MU/ HAVE GONE BE=E1 ! REGIONS ( PHILOSOPHY MU/ HAVE BE5 P5ETRAT$1 & POLITICAL TRU? HAVE OP5$ H] S*OOL TO MANK9D4 ,IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT ! REVOLUTIONS ( ! PRES5T AGE 7= REVOLUTION IS A SPECIES ( AN>*Y7 PROMISE A MORE AUSPICI\S ULTIMATE RESULT ?AN ! REVOLUTIONS ( ANY =M] P]IOD4 ,= ! SAME REASON1 ! MORE AN>*Y CAN BE HELD AT BAY1 ! MORE =TUNATE WILL IT BE = MANK9D4 ,FALSEHOOD MAY GA9 BY PRECIPITAT+ ! CRISIS2 BUT A G5U9E & 5LI<T5$ PHILAN?ROPY WILL WAIT1 ) UNALT]$ PATI5CE1 = ! H>VE/ ( 9/RUCTION4 ,! >RIVAL ( ?AT H>VE/ MAY BE SL[1 BUT IT IS P]HAPS 9FALLIBLE4 ,IF VIGILANCE & WISDOM BE SUCCESSFUL 9 !IR PRES5T OPPOSITION TO AN>*Y1 EV]Y B5EFIT MAY ULTIMATELY BE EXPECT$1 UNT>NI%$ ) VIOL5CE1 & UN/A9$ ) BLOOD4 

,!SE OBS]VATIONS >E CALCULAT$ TO LEAD US TO AN ACCURATE E/IMATE ( ! MIS*IEFS ( AN>*Y1 &1 ( CONSEQU5CE1 TO %[ ! IMPORTANCE WE >E B\ND TO ATTA* TO ! EXCLUSION ( IT4 ,GOV]NM5T IS FREQU5TLY A S\RCE ( PECULI> EVILS2 BUT AN 5L>G$ VIEW WILL TEA* US TO 5DURE ?OSE EVILS :I* EXP]I5CE SEEMS TO EV9CE >E 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! F9AL B5EFIT ( MANK9D4 ,FROM ! SAVAGE /ATE TO ! HI<E/ DEGREE ( CIVILIZATION1 ! PASSAGE IS LONG & >DU\S2 &1 IF WE ASPIRE TO ! F9AL RESULT1 WE MU/ SUBMIT TO ?AT PORTION ( MIS]Y & VISE :I* NECESS>ILY FILLS ! SPACE BETWE54 ,IF WE W\LD FREE \RSELVES FROM !SE 9CONV5I5CES1 UNLESS \R ATTEMPT BE BO? SKILLFUL & CAUTI\S1 WE %ALL BE 9 DANG]1 BY \R IMPATI5CE1 ( PRODUC+ WORSE EVILS ?AN ?OSE WE W\LD ESCAPE4 ,N[ IT IS ! FIR/ PR9CIPLE ( MORALITY & JU/ICE ?AT DIRECTS US1 :]E ONE ( TWO EVILS IS 9EVITABLE1 TO *OOSE ! LEA/4 ,( CONSEQU5CE1 ! WISE & JU/ MAN1 BE+ UNABLE1 AS YET1 TO 9TRODUCE ! =M ( SOCIETY :I* HIS UND]/&+ APPROVES1 WILL CONTRIBUTE TO ! SUPPORT ( SO MU* CO]CION AS IS NECESS>Y TO EXCLUDE :AT IS WORSE1 AN>*Y4 

,IF !N CON/RA9T AS ! ANTAGONI/ ( CON/RA9T MU/ 9 C]TA9 CASES1 & UND] TEMPOR>Y CIRCUM/ANCES1 BE ADMITT$1 IT IS AN 9T]E/+ 9QUIRY TO ASC]TA9 :I* ( ! ?REE 5DS ( PUNI%M5T1 ALREADY 5UM]AT$1 MU/ BE SELECT$ BY ! 9DIVIDUALS BY :OM PUNI%M5T IS EMPLOY$4 ,& H]E IT WILL BE SUFFICI5T V]Y BRIEFLY TO RECOLLECT ! REASON+S ?AT HAVE BE5 /AT$ UND] EA* ( !SE HEADS4 ,IT CANNOT BE RE=MATION4 ,RE=MATION IS IMPROVEM5T2 & NO?+ CAN TAKE PLACE 9 A MAN WOR?Y ! NAME ( IMPROVEM5T O!RWISE ?AN BY AN APPEAL TO ! UNBIASS$ JUDGM5T ( HIS M9D1 & ! ESS5TIAL FEEL+S ( HIS NATURE4 ,IF ,I W\LD IMPROVE A MAN'S *>ACT]1 :O IS !RE ?AT KN[S NOT ?AT ! ONLY EFFECTUAL MODE IS BY REMOV+ ALL EXTR9SIC 9FLU5CES & 9CITEM5TS1 BY 9DUC+ HIM TO OBS]VE1 TO REASON & 9QUIRE1 BY LEAD+ HIM TO ! =M+ A S]IES ( S5TIM5TS ?AT >ETRULY HIS [N1 & NOT SLAVI%LY MODEL$ UPON ! S5TIM5TS ( ANO!R8 

,TO CONCEIVE ?AT COMPULSION & PUNI%M5T >E ! PROP] MEANS ( RE=MATION IS ! S5TIM5T ( A B>B>IAN2 CIVILIZATION & SCI5CE >E CALCULAT$ TO EXPLODE SO F]OCI\S AN IDEA4,IT WAS ONCE UNIV]SALLY ADMITT$ & APPROV$2 IT IS N[ NECESS>ILY UPON ! DECL9E4 

,PUNI%M5T MU/ EI!R ULTIMATELY SUCCE$ 9 IMPOS+ ! S5TIM5TS IT IS EMPLOY$ TO 9CULCATE UPON ! M9D ( ! SUFF]]2 OR IT MU/ =CIBLY ALI5ATE HIM AGA9/ !M4 

,! LA/ ( !SE CAN NEV] BE ! 9T5TION ( ITS EMPLOY]1 OR HAVE A T5D5CY TO JU/IFY ITS APPLICATION4 ,IF IT W]E SO1 PUNI%M5T \<T TO FOLL[ UPON DEVIATIONS FROM VISE1 NOT DEVIATIONS FROM VIRTUE4 ,YET TO ALI5ATE ! M9D ( ! SUFF]] FROM ! 9DIVIDUAL ?AT PUNI%ES1 & FROM ! S5TIM5TS HE 5T]TA9S1 IS P]HAPS ! MO/ COMMON EFFECT ( PUNI%M5T4 

,LET US SUPPOSE H[EV] ?AT ITS EFFECT IS ( AN OPPOSITE NATURE2 ?AT IT PRODUCES OB$I5CE1 & EV5 A *ANGE ( OP9ION4 ,:AT SORT ( A BE+ DOES IT LEAVE ! MAN ?US RE=M$8 ,HIS OP9IONS >E NOT *ANG$ UPON EVID5CE4 ,HIS CONV]SION IS ! RESULT ( FE>4 ,S]VILITY HAS OP]AT$ ?AT )9 HIM :I* LIB]AL 9QUIRY & 9/RUCTION W]E NOT ABLE TO DO4 

,PUNI%M5T UND\BT$LY MAY *ANGE A MAN'S BEHAVIOR4 ,IT MAY R5D] HIS EXT]NAL CONDUCT B5EFICIAL FROM 9JURI\S1 ?\< IT IS NO V]Y PROMIS+ EXP$I5T = ?AT PURPOSE4 ,BUT IT CANNOT IMPROVE HIS S5TIM5TS1 OR LEAD HIM TO ! =M ( RI<T PROCE$+ BUT BY ! BASE/ & MO/ DESPICABLE MOTIVES4 ,IT LEAVES HIM A SLAVE1 DEVOT$ TO AN EXCLUSIVE SELF-9T]E/1 & ACTUAT$ BY FE>1 ! MEANE/ ( ! SELFI% PASSIONS4 

,BUT IT MAY BE SAID1 'H[EV] /RONG MAY BE ! REASONS ,I AM ABLE TO COMMUNICATE TO A MAN 9 ORD] TO HIS RE=MATION1 HE MAY BE RE/LESS & IMPATI5T ( EXPO/ULATION1 & ( CONSEQU5CE R5D] IT NECESS>Y ?AT ,I %\LD RETA9 HIM BY =CE1 TILL ,I CAN PROP]LY 9/ILL !SE REASONS 9TO HIS M9D'4 ,IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$ ?AT ! IDEA H]E IS NOT ?AT ( PRECAUTION1 TO PREV5T ! MIS*IEFS HE MI<T P]PETRATE1 = ?AT BELONGS TO ANO!R ( ! ?REE 5DS ( PUNI%M5T1 ?AT ( RE/RA9T4 ,BUT1 SEP>ATELY FROM ?IS IDEA1 ! >GUM5T IS PECULI>LY WEAK4 ,IF ! REASONS ,I HAVE TO COMMUNICATE BE ( AN 5]GETIC & IMPRESSIVE NATURE IF !Y /& =W>D P]SPICU\S & DI/9CT 9 MY [N M9D1 IT WILL BE /RANGE IF !Y DO NOT1 AT ! \TSET1 EXCITE CURIOSITY & ATT5TION 9 HIM TO :OM !Y >E ADDRESS$4 ,IT IS MY DUTY TO *OOSE A PROP] REASON TO COMMUNICATE !M1 & NOT TO BETRAY ! CAUSE ( JU/ICE BY AN ILL-TIM$ IMPATI5CE4 ,?IS PRUD5CE ,I %\LD 9FALLIBLY EX]CISE IF MY OBJECT W]E TO OBTA9 SOME?+ 9T]E/+ TO MYSELF2 :Y %\LD ,I BE LESS QUICK-SI<T$ :5 ,I PURPOSE ! B5EFIT ( ANO!R8 ,IT IS A MIS]ABLE WAY ( PREP>+ A MAN = CONVICTION TO COMPEL HIM BY VIOL5CE TO HE> AN EXPO/ULATION :I* HE IS EAG] TO AVOID4 - ,!SE >GUM5TS PROVE1 NOT ?AT WE %\LD LOSE SI<T ( RE=MATION1 IF PUNI%M5T = ANY O!R REASON APPE> TO BE NECESS>Y2 BUT ?AT RE=MATION CANNOT REASONABLY BE MADE ! OBJECT ( PUNI%M5T4 

,PUNI%M5T = ! SAKE ( EXAMPLE IS A !ORY1 ?AT CAN NEV] BE JU/LY MA9TA9$4 ,! SUFF]+ PROPOS$ TO BE 9FLICT$1 CONSID]$ ABSOLUTELY1 IS EI!R RI<T OR WRONG4 ,IF IT BE RI<T1 IT %\LD BE 9FLICT$ = ITS 9TR9SIC RECOMM5DATIONS4 ,IF IT BE WRONG1 :AT SORT ( EXAMPLE DOES IT DISPLAY8 ,TO DO A ?+ = ! SAKE ( EXAMPLE IS1 9 O!R WORDS1 TO DO A ?+ TODAY 9 ORD] TO PROVE ?AT ,I WILL DO A SIMIL> ?+ TOMORR[4 ,?IS MU/ ALWAYS BE A SUBORD9ATE CONSID]ATION4 ,NO >GUM5T HAS BE5 SO GROSSLY ABUS$ AS ?IS ( EXAMPLE4 ,WE F\ND IT1 UND] ! SUBJECT ( W>1 #b EMPLOY$ TO PROVE ! PROPRIETY ( MY DO+ A ?+ O!RWISE WRONG1 9 ORD] TO CONV9CE ! OPPOSITE P>TY ?AT ,I %\LD1 :5 OCCASION (F]$1 DO SOME?+ ELSE ?AT WAS RI<T4 ,HE WILL DISPLAY ! BE/ EXAMPLE1 :O C>EFULLY /UDIES ! PR9CIPLES ( JU/ICE1 & ASSIDU\SLY PRACTICES !M4 ,A BETT] EFFECT WILL BE PRODUC$ 9 HUMAN SOCIETY BY MY CONSCI5TI\S ADH]5CE TO !M ?AN BY MY ANXIETY TO CREATE A SPECIFIC EXPECTATION RESPECT+ MY FUTURE CONDUCT4 ,?IS >GUM5T WILL BE /ILL FUR!R 5=C$ IF WE RECOLLECT :AT HAS ALREADY BE5 SAID RESPECT+ ! 9EXHAU/IBLE DIFF]5CES ( DIFF]5T CASES1 & ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( R$UC+ !M TO G5]AL RULES4#c 

,! ?IRD OBJECT ( PUNI%M5T ACCORD+ TO ! 5UM]ATION ALREADY MADE IS RE/RA9T4 ,IF PUNI%M5T BE1 9 ANY CASE1 TO BE ADMITT$1 ?IS IS ! ONLY OBJECT IT CAN REASONABLY PROPOSE TO ITSELF4 ,! S]I\S OBJECTIONS TO :I*1 EV5 9 ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 IT IS LIABLE HAVE BE5 /AT$ 9 ANO!R /AGE ( ! 9QUIRY #d3 ! AM\NT ( ! NECESSITY T5D+ TO SUP]S$E !SE OBJECTIONS HAS ALSO BE5 CONSID]$4 ,! SUBJECT ( ?IS *APT] IS ( GREAT IMPORTANCE 9 PROPORTION TO ! L5G? ( TIME ?AT MAY POSSIBLY ELAPSE BE=E ANY CONSID]ABLE P>T ( MANK9D %ALL BE P]SUAD$ TO EX*ANGE ! PRES5T COMPLEXITY ( POLITICAL 9/ITUTION = A MODE :I* PROMISES TO SUP]S$E ! NECESSITY ( PUNI%M5T4 ,IT IS HI<LY UNWOR?Y ( ! CAUSE ( TRU?1 TO SUPPOSE ?AT1 DUR+ ?IS 9T]VAL1 ,I HAVE NO ACTIVE DUTIES TO P]=M1 ?AT ,I AM NOT OBLIG$ TO COOP]ATE = ! PRES5T WELF>E ( ! COMMUNITY1 AS WELL AS = ITS FUTURE REG5]ATION4 ,! TEMPOR>Y OBLIGATION ?AT >ISES \T ( ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE EXACTLY CORRESPONDS ) :AT WAS =M]LY DELIV]$ ON ! SUBJECT ( DUTY4 ,DUTY IS ! BE/ POSSIBLE APPLICATION ( A GIV5 P[] TO ! PROMOTION ( ! G5]AL GOOD4 #e ,BUT MY P[] DEP5DS UPON ! DISPOSITION ( ! M5 BY :OM ,I AM SURR\ND$4 ,IF ,I W]E 5LI/$ 9 AN >MY ( C[>DS1 IT MI<T BE MY DUTY TO RETREAT1 ?\<1 ABSOLUTELY CONSID]$1 IT %\LD HAVE BE5 ! DUTY ( ! >MY TO COME TO BL[S4 ,UND] EV]Y POSSIBLE CIRCUM/ANCE1 IT ,IS MY DUTY TO ADVANCE ! G5]AL GOOD1 BY ! BE/ MEANS :I* ! CIRCUM/ANCES UND] :I* ,I AM PLAC$ WILL ADMIT4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a,BOOK ,V1 ,*AP4 ,X,X,I,I1 P4 #$d 

#b,BOOK ,V1 ,*AP4 ,X,V,I1 P4 #eaa 

#c,*AP4 ,I,V 

#d,*AP4 ,I,I,I 

#e,BOOK ,I,I1 ,*AP4 ,I,V 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #agib 3 ,BOOK #g1 ,*APT] #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #g1 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/