,BOOK #f1 ,*APT] #h 
,( ,NATIONAL ,$UCATION 

#agicagic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,B,O,O,K ,V,I 

,OP9ION AS A ,SUBJECT ( ,POLITICAL ,9/ITUTION 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I,I,I 

  

,( ,N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,$,U,C,A,T,I,O,N 

 ,>GUM5TS 9 ITS FAVOR4 - ,ANSW]4 - ,I4 ,IT ,PRO- 
 DUCES P]MAN5CE ( OP9ION4 - ,NATURE (  
 PREJUDICE & JUDGM5T DESCRIB$4 - #b4 ,IT RE- 
 QUIRES UNI=MITY ( OP]ATION4 - #c4 ,IT IS !  
 MIRROR & TOOL ( NATIONAL GOV]NM5T4 - ,!  
 RI<T ( PUNI%+1 NOT F\ND$ 9 ! PRE- 
  VI\S FUNCTION ( 9/RUCT+4 

,A ,M,O,D,E 9 :I* GOV]NM5T HAS BE5 ACCU/OM$ TO 9T]F]E1 = ! 
PURPOSE ( 9FLU5C+ OP9ION1 IS BY ! SUP]9T5D5CE IT HAS 9 A 
GREAT] OR LESS DEGREE1 EX]T$ 9 ! >TICLE ( $UCATION4 ,IT IS 
WOR?Y ( OBS]VATION ?AT ! IDEA ( ?IS SUP]9T5D5CE HAS OBTA9$ 
! C\NT5ANCE ( SEV]AL ( ! ZEAL\S ADVOCATES ( POLITICAL RE=M4 
 ,! QUE/ION RELATIVE TO ITS PROPRIETY OR IMPROPRIETY IS 5TITL$1 ON 
?AT ACC\NT1 TO ! MORE DELIB]ATE EXAM9ATION4 

,! >GUM5T 9 ITS FAVOR HAVE BE5 ALREADY ANTICIPAT$4 ',CAN IT BE 
JU/IFIABLE 9 ?OSE P]SONS :O >E APPO9T$ TO ! FUNCTIONS ( 
MAGI/RACY1 & :OSE DUTY IT IS TO CONSULT = ! PUBLIC WELF>E1 TO 
NEGLECT ! CULTIVATION ( ! 9FANT M9D1 & TO SUFF] ITS FUTURE 
EXCELL5CE OR DEPRAVITY TO BE AT ! DISPOSAL ( =TUNE8 ,IS IT POSSIBLE 
= PATRIOTISM & ! LOVE ( ! PUBLIC TO BE MADE ! *>ACT]I/IC 
( A :OLE PEOPLE 9 ANY O!R WAY SO SUCCESSFULLY AS BY R5D]+ ! 
E>LY COMMUNICATION ( !SE VIRTUES A NATIONAL CONC]N8 ,IF ! 
$UCATION ( \R Y\? BE 5TIRELY CONFID$ TO ! PRUD5CE ( !IR 
P>5TS1 OR ! ACCID5TAL B5EVOL5CE ( PRIVATE 9DIVIDUALS1 WILL IT 
NOT BE A NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE ?AT SOME WILL BE $UCAT$ TO VIRTUE1 
O!RS TO VISE1 & O!RS AGA9 5TIRELY NEGLECT$8' ,TO !SE 
CONSID]ATIONS IT HAS BE5 ADD$1 ',?AT ! MAXIM :I* HAS PREVAIL$ 9 
! MAJORITY ( CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES1 ?AT IGNORANCE ( ! LAW IS NO 
APOLOGY = ! BREA* ( IT1 IS 9 ! HI<E/ DEGREE 9IQUIT\S2 & 
?AT GOV]NM5T CANNOT JU/LY PUNI% US = \R CRIMES :5 COMMITT$ 
UNLESS IT HAVE =EW>N$ US AGA9/ !IR COMMISSION1 :I* CANNOT BE 
ADEQUATELY DONE )\T SOME?+ ( ! NATURE ( PUBLIC $UCATION4' 

,! PROPRIETY OR IMPROPRIETY ( ANY PROJECT = ?IS PURPOSE MU/ BE 
DET]M9$ BY ! G5]AL CONSID]ATION ( ITS B5EFICIAL OR 9JURI\S 
T5D5CY4 ,IF ! EX]TIONS ( ! MAGI/RATE 9 BEHALF ( ANY SY/EM ( 
9/RUCTION WILL /& ! TE/1 AS CONDUCIVE TO ! PUBLIC S]VICE1 
UND\BT$LY HE CANNOT BE JU/IFI$ 9 NEGLECT+ !M4 ,IF1 ON ! 
CONTR>Y1 !Y CONDUCE TO 9JURY1 IT IS WRONG & UNJU/IFIABLE ?AT 
!Y %\LD BE MADE4 

,! 9JURIES ?AT RESULT FROM A SY/EM ( NATIONAL $UCATION >E1 9 
! FIR/ PLACE1 ?AT ALL PUBLIC E/ABLI%M5TS 9CLUDE 9 !M ! 
IDEA ( P]MAN5CE4 ,!Y 5DEAVOR1 IT MAY BE1 TO SECURE & TO DIFFUSE 
:ATEV] ( ADVANTAGE\S TO SOCIETY IS ALREADY KN[N1 BUT !Y =GET 
?AT MORE REMA9S TO BE KN[N4 ,IF !Y REALIZ$ ! MO/ SUB/ANTIAL 
B5EFITS AT ! TIME ( !IR 9TRODUCTION1 !Y MU/ 9EVITABLY BECOME 
LESS & LESS USEFUL AS !Y 9CREAS$ 9 DURATION4 ,BUT TO DESCRIBE 
!M AS USELESS IS A V]Y FEEBLE EXPRESSION ( !IR DEM]ITS4 ,!Y 
ACTIVELY RE/RA9 ! FLI<TS ( M9D1 & FIX IT 9 ! BELIEF ( 
EXPLOD$ ]RORS4 ,IT HAS FREQU5TLY BE5 OBS]V$ ( UNIV]SITIES1 & 
EXT5SIVE E/ABLI%M5TS = ! PURPOSE ( $UCATION1 ?AT ! 
KN[L$GE TAU<T !RE IS A C5TURY BEH9D ! KN[L$GE :I* EXI/S 
AMONG ! UN%ACKL$ & UNPREJUDIC$ MEMB]S ( ! SAME POLITICAL 
COMMUNITY4 ,! MOM5T ANY S*EME ( PROCE$+ GA9S A P]MAN5T 
E/ABLI%M5T1 IT BECOMES IMPRESS$1 AS ONE ( ITS *>ACT]I/IC 
FEATURES1 ) AN AV]SION TO *ANGE4 ,SOME VIOL5T CONCUSSION MAY 
OBLIGE ITS CONDUCTORS TO *ANGE AN OLD SY/EM ( PHILOSOPHY = A SY/EM 
LESS OBSOLETE2 & !Y >E !N AS P]T9ACI\SLY ATTA*$ TO ?IS 
SECOND DOCTR9E AS !Y W]E TO ! FIR/4 ,REAL 9TELLECTUAL 
IMPROVEM5T DEM&S ?AT M9D %\LD1 AS SPE$ILY AS POSSIBLE1 BE 
ADVANC$ TO ! HEI<T ( KN[L$GE ALREADY EXI/+ AMONG ! 
5LI<T5$ MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY1 & />T FROM !NCE 9 ! 
PURSUIT ( FUR!R ACQUISITIONS4 ,BUT PUBLIC $UCATION HAS ALWAYS 
EXP5D$ ITS 5]GIES 9 ! SUPPORT ( PREJUDICE2 IT TEA*ES ITS 
PUPILS1 NOT ! =TITUDE ?AT %ALL BR+ EV]Y PROPOSITION TO ! TE/ 
( EXAM9ATION1 BUT ! >T ( V9DICAT+ SU* T5ETS AS MAY *ANCE TO 
BE E/ABLI%$4 ,WE /UDY ,>I/OTLE1 OR ,?OMAS ,AQU9AS1 OR ,BELL>M9E1 
OR *IEF JU/ICE ,COKE1 NOT ?AT WE MAY DETECT !IR ]RORS1 BUT ?AT \R 
M9DS MAY BE FULLY IMPREGNAT$ ) !IR ABSURDITIES4 ,?IS FEATURE 
RUNS ?R\< EV]Y SPECIES ( PUBLIC E/ABLI%M5T2 &1 EV5 9 ! 
PETTY 9/ITUTION ( ,SUNDAY S*OOLS1 ! *IEF LESSONS ?AT >E TAU<T 
>E A SUP]/ITI\S V5]ATION = ! *UR* ( ,5GL&1 & TO B[ TO 
EV]Y MAN 9 A H&SOME COAT4 ,ALL ?IS IS DIRECTLY CONTR>Y TO ! TRUE 
9T]E/S ( MANK9D4 ,ALL ?IS MU/ BE UNLE>N$ BE=E WE CAN BEG9 TO 
BE WISE4 

,IT IS ! *>ACT]I/IC ( M9D TO BE CAPABLE ( IMPROVEM5T4 ,AN 
9DIVIDUAL SURR5D]S ! BE/ ATTRIBUTE ( MAN1 ! MOM5T HE RESOLVES 
TO ADH]E TO C]TA9 FIX$ PR9CIPLES1 = REASONS NOT N[ PRES5T TO 
HIS M9D1 BUT :I* =M]LY W]E4#a ,! 9/ANT 9 :I* HE %UTS UPON 
HIMSELF ! C>E] ( 9QUIRY IS ! 9/ANT ( HIS 9TELLECTUAL 
DECEASE4 ,HE IS NO LONG] A MAN2 HE IS ! <O/ ( DEP>T$ MAN4  
',!RE CAN BE NO S*EME MORE EGREGI\SLY /AMP$ ) FOLLY ?AN ?AT ( 
SEP>AT+ A T5ET FROM ! EVID5CE UPON :I* ITS VALIDITY DEP5DS4  
,IF ,I CEASE FROM ! HABIT ( BE+ ABLE TO RECALL ?IS EVID5CE1 MY 
BELIEF IS NO LONG] A P]CEPTION1 BUT A PREJUDICE3 IT MAY 9FLU5CE ME 
LIKE A PREJUDICE2 BUT CANNOT ANIMATE ME LIKE A REAL APPREH5SION ( 
TRU?4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! MAN ?US GUID$ & ! MAN ?AT 
KEEPS HIS M9D P]PETUALLY ALIVE IS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 C[>DICE & 
=TITUDE4 ,! MAN :O IS1 9 ! BE/ S5SE1 AN 9TELLECTUAL BE+ 
DELI<TS TO RECOLLECT ! REASONS ?AT HAVE CONV9C$ HIM1 TO REPEAT 
!M TO O!RS1 ?AT !Y MAY PRODUCE CONVICTION 9 !M1 & /& MORE 
DI/9CT & EXPLICIT 9 HIS [N M9D2 &1 HE ADDS TO ?IS A 
WILL+NESS TO EXAM9E OBJECTIONS1 BECAUSE HE TAKES NO PRIDE 9 
CONSI/5T ]ROR4 ,! MAN :O IS NOT CAPABLE ( ?IS SALUT>Y EX]CISE1 
TO :AT VALUABLE PURPOSE CAN HE BE EMPLOY$8 ,H5CE IT APPE>S ?AT NO 
VISE CAN BE MORE DE/RUCTIVE ?AN ?AT :I* TEA*ES US TO REG>D ANY 
JUDGM5T AS F9AL1 & NOT OP5 TO REVIEW4 ,! SAME PR9CIPLE ?AT 
APPLIES TO 9DIVIDUALS APPLIES TO COMMUNITIES1 ,!RE IS NO PROPOSITION 
AT PRES5T APPREH5D$ TO BE TRUE SO VALUABLE AS TO JU/IFY ! 
9TRODUCTION ( AN E/ABLI%M5T = ! PURPOSE ( 9CULCAT+ IT ON 
MANK9D4 ,REF] !M TO READ+1 TO CONV]SATION1 TO M$ITATION2 BUT 
TEA* !M NEI!R CRE$S NOR CATE*ISMS1 EI!R MORAL OR POLITICAL4 

,SECONDLY1 ! IDEA ( NATIONAL $UCATION IS F\ND$ 9 AN 9ATT5TION TO 
! NATURE ( M9D4 ,:ATEV] EA* MAN DOES = HIMSELF IS DONE WELL2 
:ATEV] HIS NEI<BORS OR HIS C\NTRY UND]TAKE TO DO = HIM IS DONE 
ILL4 ,IT IS \R WISDOM TO 9CITE M5 TO ACT = !MSELVES1 NOT TO 
RETA9 !M 9 A /ATE ( P]PETUAL PUPILAGE4 ,HE ?AT LE>NS BECAUSE 
HE DESIRES TO LE>N WILL LI/5 TO ! 9/RUCTIONS LIE RECEIVES1 & 
APPREH5D !IR MEAN+4 ,HE ?AT TEA*ES BECAUSE HE DESIRES TO TEA* 
WILL DIS*>GE HIS OCCUPATION ) 5?USIASM & 5]GY4 ,BUT ! 
MOM5T POLITICAL 9/ITUTION UND]TAKES TO ASSIGN TO EV]Y MAN HIS 
PLACE1 ! FUNCTIONS ( ALL WILL BE DIS*>G$ ) SUP95ESS & 
9DIFF]5CE4 ,UNIV]SITIES & EXP5SIVE E/ABLI%M5TS HAVE LONG BE5 
REM>K$ = =MAL DULLNESS4 ,CIVIL POLICY HAS GIV5 ME ! P[] TO 
APPROPRIATE MY E/ATE TO C]TA9 !ORETICAL PURPOSES2 BUT IT IS AN IDLE 
PRESUMPTION TO ?9K ,I CAN 5TAIL MY VIEWS1 AS ,I CAN 5TAIL MY =TUNE4  
,REMOVE ?OSE OB/ACLES :I* PREV5T M5 FROM SEE+1 & :I* RE/RA9 
!M FROM PURSU+ !IR REAL ADVANTAGE2 BUT DO NOT ABSURDLY UND]TAKE 
TO RELIEVE !M FROM ! ACTIVITY :I* ?IS PURSUIT REQUIRES4 ,:AT ,I 
E>N1 :AT ,I ACQUIRE ONLY BECAUSE ,I DESIRE TO ACQUIRE IT1 ,I E/IMATE AT 
ITS TRUE VALUE2 BUT :AT IS ?RU/ UPON ME MAY MAKE ME 9DOL5T1 BUT 
CANNOT MAKE RESPECTABLE4 ,IT IS AN EXTREME FOLLY TO 5DEAVOR TO SECURE 
TO O!RS1 9DEP5D5TLY ( EX]TION ON !IR P>T1 ! MEANS ( BE+ 
HAPPY4 - ,?IS :OLE PROPOSITION ( NATIONAL $UCATION IS F\ND$ UPON A 
SUPPOSITION :I* HAS BE5 REPEAT$LY REFUT$ 9 ?IS WORK1 BUT :I* 
HAS RECURR$ UPON US 9 A ?\S& =MS1 ?AT UNPATRONIZ$ TRU? IS 
9ADEQUATE TO TIRE PURPOSE ( 5LI<T5+ MANK9D4 

,?IRDLY1 ! PROJECT ( A NATIONAL $UCATION \<T UNI=MLY TO BE 
DISC\RAG$ ON ACC\NT ( ITS OBVI\S ALLIANCE ) NATIONAL GOV]NM5T4 
 ,?IS IS AN ALLIANCE ( A MORE =MIDABLE NATURE ?AN ! OLD & MU* 
CONTE/$ ALLIANCE ( *UR* & /ATE4 ,BE=E WE PUT SO P[]FUL A 
MA*9E UND] ! DIRECTION ( SO AMBIGU\S AN AG5T1 IT BEHOOVES US TO 
CONSID] WELL :AT IT IS ?AT WE DO4 ,GOV]NM5T WILL NOT FAIL TO EMPLOY 
IT1 TO /R5G!N ITS H&S1 & P]PETUATE ITS 9/ITUTIONS4 ,IF WE 
C\LD EV5 SUPPOSE ! AG5TS ( GOV]NM5T NOT TO PROPOSE TO !MSELVES 
AN OBJECT :I* WILL BE APT TO APPE> 9 !IR EYES1 NOT M]ELY 
9NOC5T1 BUT M]ITORI\S2 ! EVIL W\LD NOT ! LESS HAPP54 ,!IR 
VIEWS AS 9/ITUT]S ( A SY/EM ( $UCATION WILL NOT FAIL TO BE 
ANALOG\S TO !IR VIEWS 9 !IR POLITICAL CAPACITY3 ! DATA UPON 
:I* !IR CONDUCT AS /ATESM5 IS V9DICAT$ WILL BE ! DATA UPON 
:I* !IR 9/RUCTIONS >E F\ND$4 ,IT IS NOT TRUE ?AT \R Y\? 
\<T TO BE 9/RUCT$ TO V5]ATE ! CON/ITUTION1 H[EV] EXCELL5T2 
!Y %\LD BE L$ TO V5]ATE TRU?2 & ! CON/ITUTION ONLY SO F> 
AS IT CORRESPONDS ) !IR UN9FLU5C$ D$UCTIONS ( TRU?4 ,HAD ! 
S*EME ( A NATIONAL $UCATION BE5 ADOPT$ :5 DESPOTISM WAS MO/ 
TRIUMPHANT1 IT IS NOT TO BE BELIEV$ ?AT IT C\LD HAVE = EV] /IFL$ 
! VOICE ( TRU?4 ,BUT IT W\LD HAVE BE5 ! MO/ =MIDABLE & 
PR(\ND CONTRIVANCE = ?AT PURPOSE ?AT IMAG9ATION CAN SUGGE/4  
,/ILL1 9 ! C\NTRIES :]E LIB]TY *IEFLY PREVAILS1 IT IS REASONABLY 
TO BE ASSUM$ ?AT !RE >E IMPORTANT ]RORS1 & A NATIONAL $UCATION 
HAS ! MO/ DIRECT T5D5CY TO P]PETUATE ?OSE ]RORS1 & TO =M ALL 
M9DS UPON ONE MODEL4 

,IT IS NOT EASY TO SAY :E!R ! REM>K '?AT GOV]NM5T CANNOT JU/LY 
PUNI% (F5D]S1 UNLESS IT HAVE PREVI\SLY 9=M$ !M :AT IS VIRTUE 
& :AT IS (F5SE' BE 5TITL$ TO A SEP>ATE ANSW]4 ,IT IS TO BE 
HOP$ ?AT MANK9D WILL NEV] HAVE TO LE>N SO IMPORTANT A LESSON 
?R\< SO 9COMPET5T A *ANNEL4 ,GOV]NM5T MAY REASONABLY & 
EQUITABLY PRESUME ?AT M5 :O LIVE 9 SOCIETY KN[ ?AT 5ORM\S CRIMES 
>E 9JURI\S TO ! PUBLIC WEAL1 )\T ITS BE+ NECESS>Y TO 
ANN\NCE !M AS SU*1 BY LAWS1 TO BE PROCLAIM$ BY H]ALDS1 OR 
EXP\ND$ BY CURATES4 ,IT HAS BE5 ALLEG$ ?AT 'M]E REASON MAY TEA* 
ME NOT TO /RIKE MY NEI<BOR2 BUT WILL NEV] =BID MY S5D+ A SACK 
( WOOL FROM ,5GL&1 OR PR9T+ ! ,FR5* CON/ITUTION 9 ,SPA9'4  
,?IS OBJECTION LEADS TO ! TRUE DI/9CTION UPON ! SUBJECT4 ,ALL REAL 
CRIMES ?AT ?AT CAN BE SUPPOS$ TO BE ! FIT OBJECTS ( JUDICIAL 
ANIMADV]SION >E CAPABLE ( BE+ DISC]N$ )\T ! TEA*+ ( 
LAW4 ,ALL SUPPOS$ CRIMES NOT CAPABLE ( BE+ SO DISC]N$ >E TRULY 
& UNALT]ABLY PLAC$ BEYOND ! COGNIZANCE ( A S\ND CRIM9AL 
JU/ICE4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT MY [N UND]/&+ W\LD NEV] HAVE TOLD ME 
?AT ! EXPORTATION ( WOOL WAS A CRIME3 NEI!R DO ,I BELIEVE IT IS A 
CRIME1 N[ ?AT LAW HAS BE5 MADE AFFIRM+ IT TO BE SU*4 ,IT IS A 
FEEBLE & CONTEMPTIBLE PALLIATION ( 9IQUIT\S PUNI%M5TS TO SIGNIFY 
TO MANK9D BE=EH& ?AT Y\ 9T5D TO 9FLICT !M4 ,M5 ( A L(TY 
& G5]\S SPIRIT W\LD ALMO/ BE TEMPT$ TO EXCLAIM3 ,DE/ROY US 
IF Y\ PLEASE2 BUT DO NOT 5DEAVOR1 BY A NATIONAL $UCATION1 TO DE/ROY 
9 \R UND]/&+S ! DISC]NM5T ( JU/ICE & 9JU/ICE4 ,! 
IDEA ( SU* AN $UCATION1 OR EV5 P]HAPS ( ! NECESSITY ( A WRITT5 
LAW1 W\LD NEV] HAVE OCCURR$ IF GOV]NM5T & JURISPRUD5CE HAD NEV] 
ATTEMPT$ ! >BITR>Y CONV]SION ( 9NOC5CE 9TO GUILT4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a,BOOK #a1 ,*AP4 ,V1 P4 #a#b#g4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #f1 ,*APT] #h -- ,ADD$4 

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