,BOOK #d1 ,*APT] #f 
,( ,S9C]ITY 

#agicagic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,! TEXT IS TAK5 FROM MY COPY ( ! F\R? $ITION1 #a#h#d#b4 ,?IS V]SION ( ,POLITICAL ,JU/ICE1 ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 #a#g#i#c1 IS BAS$ ON ! CORRECT$ ?IRD $ITION1 PUBLI%$ 9 #a#g#i#h4 

  

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,ITS FAVORABLE T5D5CIES 9 RESPECT TO - 9NOC5CE - 5]GY - 9TELLECTUAL 
 IMPROVEM5T - & PHILAN?ROPY4 ,HI/ORY - & EFFECTS ( 9S9C]ITY4 
  - ,S9C]ITY DEL9EAT$4 - ,*>ACT]( ITS ADH]5TS4 

,I,T WAS FUR!R PROPOS$ TO CONSID] ! VALUE ( TRU? 9 A PRACTICAL VIEW1 AS IT RELATES TO ! 9CID5TS & COMM]CE ( ORD9>Y LIFE1 UND] :I* =M IT IS KN[N BY ! D5OM9ATION ( S9C]ITY4 

,! P[]FUL RECOMM5DATIONS ATT5DANT UPON S9C]ITY >E OBVI\S4 ,IT IS 9TIMATELY CONNECT$ ) ! G5]AL DISSEM9ATION ( 9NOC5CE1 5]GY1 9TELLECTUAL IMPROVEM5T1 & PHILAN?ROPY4 

,DID EV]Y MAN IMPOSE ?IS LAW UPON HIMSELF1 DID HE REG>D HIMSELF AS NOT AU?ORIZ$ TO CONCEAL ANY P>T ( HIS *>ACT] & CONDUCT1 ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE ALONE W\LD PREV5T MILLIONS ( ACTIONS FROM BE+ P]PETRAT$ 9 :I* WE >E N[ 9DUC$ TO 5GAGE BY ! PROSPECT ( SECRECY & IMPUNITY4 ,WE HAVE ONLY TO SUPPOSE M5 OBLIG$ TO CONSID]1 BE=E !Y DET]M9$ UPON AN EQUIVOCAL ACTION1 :E!R !Y *OSE TO BE !IR [N HI/ORIANS1 ! FUTURE N>RATORS ( ! SC5E 9 :I* !Y W]E ACT+ A P>T1 & ! MO/ ORD9>Y IMAG9ATION WILL 9/ANTLY SUGGE/ H[ ESS5TIAL A V>>IATION W\LD BE 9TRODUC$ 9TO HUMAN AFFAIRS4 ,IT HAS BE5 JU/LY OBS]V$ ?AT ! POPI% PRACTICE ( CONFESSION IS ATT5D$ ) SOME SALUT>Y EFFECTS4 ,H[ MU* BETT] W\LD IT BE IF1 9/EAD ( AN 9/ITUTION ?US EQUIVOCAL1 & :I* HAS BE5 MADE SO DANG]\S AN 9/RUM5T ( ECCLESIA/ICAL DESPOTISM1 EV]Y MAN W]E TO MAKE ! WORLD HIS CONFESSIONAL1 & ! HUMAN SPECIES ! KEEP] ( HIS CONSCI5CE8 

,!RE IS A FUR!R B5EFIT ?AT W\LD RESULT TO ME FROM ! HABIT ( TELL+ EV]Y MAN ! TRU?1 REG>DLESS ( ! DICTATES ( WORLDLY PRUD5CE & CU/OM4 ,I %\LD ACQUIRE A CLE>1 +5U\S & UNEMB>RASS$ AIR4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! E/ABLI%$ MODES ( SOCIETY1 :5EV] ,I HAVE A CIRCUM/ANCE TO /ATE :I* W\LD REQUIRE SOME EF=T ( M9D & DISCRIM9ATION TO 5ABLE ME TO DO IT JU/ICE1 & /ATE IT ) ! PROP] EFFECT1 ,I FLY FROM ! TALK1 & TAKE REFUGE 9 SIL5CE OR EQUIVOCATION4 ,BUT ! PR9CIPLE :I* =BAD ME CONCEALM5T W\LD KEEP MY M9D = EV] AWAKE1 & = EV] W>M4 ,I %\LD ALWAYS BE OBLIG$ TO EX]T MY ATT5TION1 LE/1 9 PRET5D+ TO TELL ! TRU?1 ,I %\LD TELL IT 9 SO IMP]FECT & MANGL$ A WAY AS TO PRODUCE ! EFFECT ( FALSEHOOD4 ,IF ,I SPOKE TO A MAN ( MY [N FAULTS OR ?OSE ( HIS NEI<BOR1 ,I %\LD BE ANXI\S NOT TO SUFF] !M TO COME DI/ORT$ OR EXAGG]AT$ TO HIS M9D1 OR TO P]MIT :AT AT FIR/ WAS FACT TO DEG5]ATE 9TO SATIRE4 ,IF ,I SPOKE TO HIM ( ! ]RORS HE HAD HIMSELF COMMITT$1 ,I %\LD C>EFULLY AVOID ?OSE 9CONSID]ATE EXPRESSIONS :I* MI<T CONV]T :AT WAS 9 ITSELF B5EFIC5T 9TO (F5SE2 & MY ?\<TS W\LD BE FULL ( ?AT K9DNESS1 & G5]\S CONC]N = HIS WELF>E1 :I* SU* A TALK NECESS>ILY BR+S ALONG ) IT4 ,S9C]ITY W\LD LIB]ATE MY M9D1 & MAKE ! EULOGIUMS ,I HAD OCCASION TO PRON\NCE1 CLE>1 COPI\S & APPROPRIATE4 ,CONV]SATION W\LD SPE$ILY EX*ANGE ITS PRES5T *>ACT] ( LI/LESSNESS & 9SIGNIFICANCE1 = A ,ROMAN BOLDNESS & F]VOR2 &1 ACCU/OM$1 AT FIR/ BY ! =TUIT\S OP]ATION ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 TO TELL M5 ( ?+S IT WAS USEFUL = !M TO KN[1 ,I %\LD SPE$ILY LE>N TO /UDY !IR ADVANTAGE1 & NEV] RE/ SATISFI$ ) MY CONDUCT TILL ,I HAD DISCOV]$ H[ TO SP5D ! H\RS ,I WAS 9 !IR COMPANY 9 ! WAY :I* WAS MO/ RATIONAL & IMPROV+4 

,! EFFECTS ( S9C]ITY UPON O!RS W\LD BE SIMIL> TO ITS EFFECTS UPON HIM ?AT PRACTIC$ IT4 ,H[ GREAT W\LD BE ! B5EFIT IF EV]Y MAN W]E SURE ( MEET+ 9 HIS NEI<BOR ! +5U\S C5SOR1 :O W\LD TELL HIM 9 P]SON1 & PUBLI% TO ! WORLD1 HIS VIRTUES1 HIS GOOD DE$S1 HIS MEANNESSES & HIS FOLLIES8 ,WE HAVE NEV] A /RONG FEEL+ ( !SE 9 \R [N CASE1 EXCEPT SO F> AS !Y >E CONFIRM$ TO US BY ! SUFFRAGE ( \R NEI<BORS4 ,KN[L$GE1 SU* AS WE >E ABLE TO ACQUIRE IT1 DEP5DS 9 A MAJORITY ( 9/ANCES1 NOT UPON ! S+LE EF=TS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 BUT UPON ! CONS5T ( O!R HUMAN UND]/&+S SANCTION+ ! JUDGM5T ( \R [N4 ,IT IS ! UNC]TA9TY ( :I* EV]Y MAN IS CONSCI\S AS TO HIS SOLIT>Y JUDGM5T ?AT PRODUCES1 = ! MO/ P>T1 ZEAL = PROSELYTISM1 & IMPATI5CE ( CONTRADICTION4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE ,I %\LD HAVE A TRUE SATISFACTION 9 MY DISPOSITIONS & TAL5TS1 OR EV5 ANY PRECISE P]CEPTIONS ( VIRTUE & VISE1 UNLESS ASSI/$ BY ! CONCURR5CE ( MY FELL[S4 

,AN IMP>TIAL DI/RIBUTION ( COMM5DATION & BLAME TO ! ACTIONS ( M5 W\LD BE A MO/ P[]FUL 9C5TIVE TO VIRTUE4 ,BUT ?IS DI/RIBUTION1 AT PRES5T1 SC>CELY 9 ANY 9/ANCE EXI/S4 ,ONE MAN IS SATIRIZ$ ) BITT]NESS1 & ! MISCONDUCT ( ANO!R IS TREAT$ ) 9ORD9ATE L5ITY4 ,9 SPEAK+ ( \R NEI<BORS1 WE >E P]PETUALLY UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( S9I/] & UNACKN[L$G$ MOTIVES4 ,EV]Y?+ IS DISFIGUR$ & DI/ORT$4 ,! BASE/ HYPOCRITE PASSES ?R\< LIFE ) APPLAUSE2 & ! PURE/ *>ACT] IS LOAD$ ) UNM]IT$ ASP]SIONS4 ,! B5EFACTORS ( MANK9D >E FREQU5TLY ! OBJECTS ( !IR BITT]E/ HATR$ & MO/ UNREL5T+ +RATITUDE4 ,:AT 5C\RAGEM5T !N IS AF=D$ TO VIRTUE8 ,?OSE :O >E SMITT5 ) ! LOVE ( DI/9CTION WILL RA!R SEEK IT 9 EXT]NAL SPL5DOR1 & UNMEAN+ LUXURY1 ?AN 9 MORAL ATTA9M5TS4 ,:ILE ?OSE :O >E L$ TO B5EVOL5T PURSUITS BY ! PURE/ MOTIVES YET LANGUI% UND] ! PRIVATION ( ?AT HONOR & E/EEM :I* W\LD GIVE NEW FIRMNESS TO RECTITUDE1 & >DOR TO B5EVOL5CE4 

,A G5U9E & UNALT]ABLE S9C]ITY W\LD NOT FAIL TO REV]SE ! SC5E4#a ,EV]Y IDLE OR MALIGNANT TALE N[ PRODUCES ITS EFFECT1 BECAUSE M5 >E UNACCU/OM$ TO EX]CISE !IR JUDGM5T UPON ! PROBABILITIES ( HUMAN ACTION1 OR TO POSSESS ! MAT]IALS ( JUDGM5T4 ,BUT !N ! RA% ASS]TIONS ( ONE 9DIVIDUAL W\LD BE CORRECT$ BY ! MATUR] 9=MATION ( HIS NEI<BOR4 ,EX]CIS$ 9 DISCRIM9ATION1 WE %\LD BE LITTLE LIKELY TO BE MISL$4 ,! TRU? W\LD BE KN[N1 ! :OLE TRU?1 & ! UNV>NI%$ TRU?4 ,?IS W\LD BE A TRIAL ?AT ! MO/ /UBBORN OBLIQUITY W\LD BE F\ND UNABLE TO )/&4 ,IF A JU/ & IMP>TIAL *>ACT] W]E AW>D$ TO ALL HUMAN ACTIONS1 VISE W\LD BE UNIV]SALLY DES]T$1 & VIRTUE EV]Y:]E PRACTIC$4 ,S9C]ITY !RE=E4 ONCE 9TRODUC$ 9TO ! MANN]S ( MANK9D1 W\LD NECESS>ILY BR+ EV]Y O!R VIRTUE 9 ITS TRA94 

,M5 >E N[ FEEBLE 9 !IR TEMP] BECAUSE !Y >E NOT ACCU/OM$ TO HE> ! TRU?4 ,!Y BUILD !IR CONFID5CE 9 BE+ P]SONALLY TREAT$ ) >TIFICIAL DELICACY1 & EXPECT US TO AB/A9 FROM REPEAT+ :AT WE KN[ TO !IR DISADVANTAGE4 ,BUT IS ?IS RI<T8 ,IT HAS ALREADY APPE>$ ?AT PLA9 DEAL+1 TRU?1 SPOK5 ) K9DNESS1 BUT SPOK5 ) S9C]ITY1 IS ! MO/ :OLESOME ( ALL DISCIPL9ES4 ,H[ !N CAN WE BE JU/IFI$ 9 ?US SUBV]T+ ! NATURE ( ?+S1 & ! SY/EM ( ! UNIV]SE1 9 BRE$+ A SET ( SUMM] 9SECTS UPON :I* ! BREEZE ( S9C]ITY MAY NEV] BL[1 & ! TEMPE/ ( MIS=TUNE NEV] BEAT8 

,9 ! ?IRD PLACE1 S9C]ITY IS1 9 AN EM95T DEGREE1 CALCULAT$ TO CONDUCE TO \R 9TELLECTUAL IMPROVEM5T4 ,IF FROM TIMIDITY ( DISPOSITION1 OR ! DANG] ?AT ATT5DS A DISCLOSURE1 WE SUPPRESS ! REFLECTIONS ?AT OCCUR TO US1 WE %ALL NEI!R ADD TO1 NOR CORRECT !M4 ,FROM ! ACT ( TELL+ MY ?\<TS1 ,I D]IVE 5C\RAGEM5T TO PROCE$4 ,NO?+ CAN MORE P[]FULLY CONDUCE TO P]SPICUITY ?AN ! V]Y ATTEMPT TO >RANGE & EXPRESS !M4 ,IF !Y BE RECEIV$ CORDIALLY BY O!RS1 !Y D]IVE FROM ?AT CIRCUM/ANCE A PECULI> FIRMNESS & CONSI/5CY4 ,IF !Y BE RECEIV$ ) OPPOSITION & DI/RU/1 ,I AM 9DUC$ TO REVISE !M4 ,I DETECT !IR ]RORS2 OR ,I /R5G!N MY >GUM5TS1 & ADD NEW TRU?S TO ?OSE :I* ,I HAD PREVI\SLY ACCUMULAT$4 ,IT IS NOT BY ! SOLIT>Y AN*ORITE1 :O NEI!R SPEAKS1 NOR HE>S1 NOR READS ! G5U9E S5TIM5TS ( MAN1 ?AT ! /OCK ( HUMAN GOOD IS EM95TLY 9CREAS$4 ,! P]IOD ( BOLD & UNRE/RICT$ COMMUNICATION IS ! P]IOD 9 :I* ! MAT]IALS ( HAPP9ESS F]M5T & G]M9ATE4 ,:AT CAN EXCITE ME TO ! PURSUIT ( DISCOV]Y IF ,I KN[ ?AT ,I AM NEV] TO COMMUNICATE MY DISCOV]IES8 ,IT IS 9 ! NATURE ( ?+S IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ! MAN :O HAS DET]M9$ NEV] TO UTT] ! TRU?S HE MAY BE ACQUA9T$ ) %\LD BE AN 9TREPID & 9DEFATIGABLE ?9K]4 ,! L9K :I* B9DS TOGE!R ! 9W>D & ! \TW>D MAN IS 9DISSOLUBLE2 & HE ?AT IS NOT BOLD 9 SPEE* WILL NEV] BE >D5T & UNPREJUDIC$ 9 9QUIRY4 

,:AT IS IT ?AT1 AT ?IS DAY1 5ABLES A ?\S& ]RORS TO KEEP !IR /ATION 9 ! WORLD2 PRIE/CRAFT1 TE/S1 BRIB]Y1 W>1 CABAL & :ATEV] ELSE EXCITES ! DISAPPROBATION ( ! HONE/ & 5LI<T5$ M9D8 ,C[>DICE2 ! TIMID RES]VE :I* MAKES M5 %R9K FROM TELL+ :AT !Y KN[2 & ! 9SIDI\S POLICY ?AT ANNEXES P]SECUTION & PUNI%M5T TO AN UNRE/RA9$ & SPIRIT$ DISCUSSION ( ! TRUE 9T]E/S ( SOCIETY4 ,M5 EI!R REFRA9 FROM ! PUBLICATION ( UNPALATABLE OP9IONS BECAUSE !Y >E UNWILL+ TO MAKE A SACRIFICE ( !IR WORLDLY PROSPECTS2 OR !Y PUBLI% !M 9 A FRIGID & 5IGMATICAL SPIRIT1 /RIPP$ ( !IR TRUE *>ACT]1 & 9CAPABLE ( !IR G5U9E OP]ATION4 ,IF EV]Y MAN TODAY W\LD TELL ALL ! TRU? HE KNEW1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO PR$ICT H[ %ORT W\LD BE ! REIGN ( USURPATION & FOLLY4 

,LA/LY1 A /ILL ADDITIONAL B5EFIT ATT5DANT ON ! PRACTICE ( S9C]ITY IS GOOD HUMOR1 K9DNESS & B5EVOL5CE4 ,AT PRES5T1 M5 MEET TOGE!R ) ! TEMP] LESS ( FRI5DS ?AN 5EMIES4 ,EV]Y MAN EYES HIS NEI<BOR1 AS IF HE EXPECT$ TO RECEIVE FROM HIM A SECRET W\ND4 ,EV]Y MEMB] ( A POLI%$ & CIVILIZ$ COMMUNITY GOES >M$4 ,HE KN[S MANY ?+S ( HIS ASSOCIATE1 :I* HE CONCEIVES HIMSELF OBLIG$ NOT TO ALLUDE TO 9 HIS HE>+1 BUT RA!R TO PUT ON AN AIR ( ! PR(\NDE/ IGNORANCE4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( ! P]SON CONC]N$1 HE SC>CELY KN[S H[ TO M5TION HIS DEFECTS1 H[EV] ESS5TIAL ! ADV]TISEM5T MAY BE1 LE/ HE %\LD 9CUR ! IMPUTATION ( A CALUMNIATOR4 ,IF HE M5TION !M1 IT IS UND] ! SEAL ( SECRECY4 ,HE SPEAKS ( !M ) ! S5TIM5TS ( A CRIM9AL1 CONSCI\S ?AT :AT HE IS SAY+ HE W\LD BE UNWILL+ TO UTT] BE=E ! 9DIVIDUAL CONC]N$4 ,P]HAPS HE DOES NOT FULLY ADV]T TO ?IS >TIFICIAL *>ACT] 9 HIMSELF2 BUT HE AT LEA/ NOTES IT ) 9FALLIBLE OBS]VATION 9 HIS NEI<BOR4 ,9 Y\?1 IT MAY BE1 HE ACCOMMODATES HIMSELF ) A PLIANT SPIRIT TO ! MANN]S ( ! WORLD2 &1 :ILE HE LOSES NO JOT ( HIS GAIETY1 LE>NS FROM IT NO O!R LESSONS ?AN ?OSE ( SELFI%NESS & *E]FUL 9DIFF]5CE4 ,OBS]VANT ( ! GAME ?AT GOES =W>D >\ND HIM1 HE BECOMES SKILLFUL 9 HIS TURN TO ELUDE ! CURIOSITY ( O!RS1 & SMILES 9W>DLY AT ! FALSE SC5T HE PROMPTS !M TO FOLL[4 ,DEAD TO ! EMOTIONS ( A DIS9T]E/$ SYMPA?Y1 HE CAN CALMLY CONSID] M5 AS ! M]E NEUTRAL 9/RUM5TS ( HIS 5JOYM5TS4 ,HE CAN PRES]VE HIMSELF 9 A TRUE EQUIPOISE BETWE5 LOVE & HATR$4 ,BUT ?IS IS A TEMPOR>Y *>ACT]4 ,! WANTON WILDNESS ( Y\? AT L5G? SUBSIDES1 & HE IS NO LONG] CONT5T$ TO /& ALONE 9 ! WORLD4 ,ANXI\S = ! CONSOLATIONS ( SYMPA?Y & FRANKNESS1 HE REM>KS ! DEFECTS ( MANK9D ) A DIFF]5T SPIRIT4 ,HE IS SEIZ$ ) A %UDD]+ AT ! S5SATION ( !IR COLDNESS4 ,HE CAN NO LONG] TOL]ATE !IR SUBT]FUGES & DISGUISES4 ,HE SE>*ES 9 VA9 = AN +5U\S *>ACT]1 & LOSES PATI5CE AT ! ET]NAL DISAPPO9TM5T4 ,! DEFECT ?AT HE BE=E REG>D$ ) 9DIFF]5CE HE N[ CONSID]S AS ! CONSUMMATION ( VISE4 ,:AT WOND] ?AT1 UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 MOROS5ESS1 S\RNESS & MISAN?ROPY BECOME ! RUL+ S5TIM5TS ( SO L>GE A PORTION ( MANK9D8 

,H[ W\LD ! :OLE ( ?IS BE REV]S$ BY ! PRACTICE ( S9C]ITY8 ,WE C\LD NOT BE 9DIFF]5T TO M5 :OSE CU/OM IT WAS TO TELL US ! TRU?4 ,HATR$ W\LD P]I% FROM A FAILURE 9 ITS PR9CIPAL +R$I5T1 ! DUPLICITY & IMP5ETRABL5ESS ( HUMAN ACTIONS4 ,NO MAN C\LD ACQUIRE A DI/ANT & UNSYMPA!TIC TEMP]4 ,RES]VE1 DECEITFULNESS1 & AN >TFUL EXHIBITION ( \RSELVES TAKE FROM ! HUMAN =M ITS S\L1 & LEAVE US ! UNANIMAT$ SEMBLANCE ( :AT MAN MI<T HAVE BE52 ( :AT HE W\LD HAVE BE51 W]E NOT EV]Y IMPULSE ( ! M9D ?US /UNT$ & DE/ROY$4 ,IF \R EMOTIONS W]E NOT *ECK$1 WE %\LD BE TRULY FRI5DS ) EA* O!R4 ,\R *>ACT] W\LD EXP&3 ! LUXURY ( 9DULG+ \R FEEL+S1 & ! EX]CISE ( UTT]+ !M1 W\LD RAISE US TO ! /ATURE ( M54 ,I %\LD NOT CONCEIVE AL>M FROM MY NEI<BOR1 BECAUSE ,I %\LD BE CONSCI\S ?AT ,I KNEW HIS G5U9E S5TIM5TS4 ,I %\LD NOT H>BOR BAD PASSIONS & UNSOCIAL PROP5SITIES1 BECAUSE ! HABIT ( EXPRESS+ MY ?\<TS W\LD 5ABLE ME TO DETECT & DISMISS !M 9 ! \TSET4 ,?US EV]Y MAN W\LD BE 9UR$ TO ! S5TIM5T ( LOVEL & W\LD F9D 9 HIS SPECIES OBJECTS WOR?Y ( HIS AFFECTION4 ,CONFID5CE IS UPON ALL ACC\NTS ! SURE/ FOIL ( MUTUAL K9DNESS4 

,! VALUE ( S9C]ITY WILL BE /ILL FUR!R ILLU/RAT$ BY A BRIEF CONSID]ATION ( ! NATURE ( 9S9C]ITY4 ,VIEW$ SUP]FICIALLY & AT A DI/ANCE1 WE >E EASILY RECONCIL$1 & >E P]SUAD$ TO HAVE REC\RSE TO IT UPON ! MO/ TRIVIAL OCCASIONS4 ,DID WE EXAM9E IT 9 DETAIL1 & CALL TO M9D ITS G5U9E HI/ORY1 ! RESULT C\LD NOT FAIL TO BE DIFF]5T4 ,ITS FEATURES >E NEI!R LIKE VIRTUE1 NOR COMPATIBLE ) VIRTUE4 ,! S5SATIONS IT OBLIGES US TO UND]GO >E ( ! MO/ ODI\S NATURE4 ,ITS DIRECT BUS9ESS IS TO CUT (F ALL COMM]CE BETWE5 ! HE>T & ! TONGUE4 ,!RE >E ORGANS H[EV] ( ! HUMAN FRAME MORE DIFFICULT TO BE COMM&$ ?AN ! M]E SYLLABLES & PHRASES WE UTT]4 ,WE MU/ BE UPON \R GU>D1 OR \R *EEKS WILL BE COV]$ ) A CONSCI\S BLU%1 ! AWKW>DNESS ( \R GE/URES WILL BETRAY US1 & \R LIPS WILL FALT] ) !IR UNWONT$ TASK4 ,SU* IS ! ISSUE ( ! FIR/ ATTEMPT1 NOT M]ELY ( ! LI>1 BUT ( HIM :O PRACTICES CONCEALM5T1 OR :OSE OBJECT IT IS TO MISLEAD ! P]SON ) :OM HE HAPP5S TO CONV]SE4 ,AFT] A S]IES ( ESSAYS WE BECOME MORE EXP]T4 ,WE >E NOT1 AS AT FIR/1 DETECT$ BY ! P]SON FROM :OM WE 9T5D$ TO )HOLD :AT WE KNEW2 BUT WE FE> DETECTION4 ,WE FEEL UNC]TA9TY & CONFUSION2 & IT IS ) DIFFICULTY WE CONV9CE \RSELVES ?AT WE HAVE ESCAP$ UNSUSPECT$4 ,IS IT ?US A MAN \<T TO FEEL8 ,AT LA/ P]HAPS WE BECOME CONSUMMATE 9 HYPOCRISY1 & FEEL ! SAME CONFID5CE & ALACRITY 9 DUPLICITY ?AT WE BE=E FELT 9 5TIRE FRANKNESS4 ,:I*1 TO AN ORD9>Y EYE1 W\LD APPE> ! MAN ( VIRTUE2 HE :O1 BY ! DEP? ( HIS HYPOCRISY1 CONTRIV$ TO KEEP HIS SECRET :OLLY UNSUSPECT$1 OR HE :O WAS PRECIPITATE 5\< TO BE ?US MISL$1 & TO BELIEVE ?AT HIS NEI<BOR MADE USE ( WORDS = ! PURPOSE ( BE+ UND]/OOD8 

,BUT ?IS IS NOT ALL4 ,IT REMA9S = ! DECEIV]1 9 ! NEXT PLACE1 TO MA9TA9 ! DELUSION HE HAS ONCE IMPOS$1 & TO TAKE C>E ?AT NO UNEXPECT$ OCCURR5CE %ALL BETRAY HIM4 ,IT IS UPON ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT ! COMMON OBS]VATION IS F\ND$ ?AT 0ONE LIE WILL ALWAYS NE$ A HUNDR$ O!RS TO JU/IFY & COV] IT40 ,WE CANNOT DET]M9E TO KEEP ANY?+ SECRET )\T RISK+ TO BE 9VOLV$ 9 >TIFICES1 QUIBBLES1 EQUIVOCATIONS & FALSEHOODS )\T NUMB]4 ,! *>ACT] ( ! VIRTU\S MAN SEEMS TO BE ?AT ( A FIRM & UNALT]ABLE RESOLUTION1 CONFID5T 9 HIS [N 9TEGRITY4 ,BUT ! *>ACT] ?AT RESULTS FROM 9S9C]ITY1 BEG9S 9 HESITATION1 & 5DS 9 DISGRACE4 ,LET US SUPPOSE ?AT ! IMPOSITION ,I PRACTIC$ IS 9 DANG] ( DETECTION4 ,( C\RSE IT WILL BECOME MY WISDOM TO CALCULATE ?IS DANG]1 &1 IF IT BE TOO IMM95T1 NOT TO ?9K ( ATTEMPT+ ANY FUR!R DISGUISE4 ,BUT1 IF ! SECRET BE IMPORTANT1 & ! DANG] PROBLEMATICAL1 ,I %ALL PROBABLY P]SI/4 ,! :OLE EXT5T ( ! DANG] CAN BE KN[N ONLY BY DEGREES4 ,SUPPOSE ! P]SON :O QUE/IONS ME RETURN TO ! *>GE1 & AFFIRM ?AT HE HE>D ! FACT1 AS IT REALLY WAS1 BUT NOT AS ,I REPRES5T IT1 FROM ANO!R4 ,:AT AM ,I N[ TO DO8 ,AM ,I TO ASP]SE ! *>ACT] ( ! HONE/ REPORT]1 & AT ! SAME TIME1 IT MAY BE1 9/EAD ( E/ABLI%+ ! DELUSION1 ONLY A/ONI% MY NEI<BOR ) MY COOL & 9TREPID EFFRONT]Y8 

,:AT HAS ALREADY BE5 ADDUC$ MAY ASSI/ US TO DET]M9E ! SPECIES ( S9C]ITY :I* VIRTUE PRESCRIBES1 & :I* ALONE CAN BE ( GREAT PRACTICAL B5EFIT TO MANK9D4 ,S9C]ITY MAY BE CONSID]$ AS ( ?REE DEGREES4 ,FIR/1 A MAN MAY CONCEIVE ?AT HE SUFFICI5TLY PRES]VES HIS V]ACITY IF HE NEV] UTT] ANY?+ ?AT CANNOT BE EXPLA9$ 9TO A CONSI/5CY ) TRU?4 ,!RE IS A PLA9 DI/9CTION BETWE5 ?IS MAN & HIM :O MAKES NO SCRUPLE ( ! MO/ PALPABLE & DIRECT FALSEHOOD4 ,OR1 SECONDLY1 IT MAY HAPP5 ?AT HIS DELICACY %ALL NOT /OP H]E1 & HE MAY RESOLVE1 NOT ONLY TO UTT] NO?+ ?AT IS LIT]ALLY UNTRUE1 BUT ALSO NO?+ :I* HE KN[S OR BELIEVES WILL BE UND]/OOD BY ! HE>] 9 A S5SE ?AT IS UNTRUE4 ,?IS HE MAY CONSID] AS AM\NT+ = ! MO/ P>T TO AN ADEQUATE DIS*>GE ( HIS DUTY2 & HE MAY CONCEIVE ?AT !RE IS LITTLE MIS*IEF 9 ! FREQU5TLY SUPPRESS+ 9=MATION :I* IT WAS 9 HIS P[] TO SUPPLY4 ,! ?IRD & HI<E/ DEGREE ( S9C]ITY CONSI/S 9 ! MO/ P]FECT FRANKNESS1 DISC>DS EV]Y SPECIES ( CONCEALM5T OR RES]VE1 &1 AS ,CIC]O EXPRESSES IT1 0UTT]S NO?+ ?AT IS FALSE1 & )HOLDS NO?+ ?AT IS TRUE40 

,! TWO FIR/ ( !SE BY NO MEANS ANSW] ! G5U9E PURPOSES ( S9C]ITY4 ,! =M] LABORS UND] ONE DISADVANTAGE MORE ?AN DIRECT FALSEHOOD4 ,IT IS ( LITTLE CONSEQU5CE1 TO ! P]SONS ) :OM ,I COMMUNICATE1 ?AT ,I HAVE A SUBT]FUGE BY :I* ,I CAN1 TO MY [N M9D1 EXPLA9 MY DECEIT 9TO A CONSI/5CY ) TRU?2 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME ! /UDY ( SU* SUBT]FUGES IS MORE ADV]SE TO C\RAGE & 5]GY ?AN A CONDUCT :I* UNBLU%+LY AV[S ! LAXITY ( ITS PR9CIPLES4 ,! SECOND ( ! DEGREES 5UM]AT$1 :I* M]ELY PROPOSES TO ITSELF ! AVOID+ EV]Y ACTIVE DECEPTION1 SEEMS TO BE MEASUR$ LESS BY ! /&>D ( MAGNANIMITY ?AN ( P]SONAL PRUD5CE4 ,IF1 AS ,R\SSEAU HAS ASS]T$1#b 0! GREAT DUTY ( MAN BE TO DO NO 9JURY TO HIS NEI<BOR10 !N ?IS NEGATIVE S9C]ITY MAY BE ( CONSID]ABLE VALUE3 BUT1 IF IT BE ! HI<E/ & MO/ 9DISP5SABLE BUS9ESS ( MAN TO /UDY & PROMOTE HIS NEI<BOR'S WELF>E1 A VIRTUE ( ?IS SORT WILL CONTRIBUTE LITTLE TO SO HONORABLE AN UND]TAK+4 ,IF S9C]ITY BE1 AS WE HAVE 5DEAVOR$ TO DEMON/RATE1 ! MO/ P[]FUL 5G9E ( HUMAN IMPROVEM5T1 A S*EME = RE/RA9+ IT )9 SO N>R[ LIMITS CANNOT BE 5TITL$ TO CONSID]ABLE APPLAUSE4 ,ADD TO ?IS1 ?AT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE1 9 MANY CASES1 TO SUPPRESS 9=MATION )\T GREAT MA/]Y 9 ! >TS ( AMBIGUITY & EVASION1 & SU* A P]FECT COMM& ( C\NT5ANCE AS %ALL PREV5T IT FROM BE+ AN 9DEX TO \R REAL S5TIM5TS4 ,9DE$ ! MAN :O IS FREQU5TLY ACCU/OM$ TO SEEM IGNORANT ( :AT HE REALLY KN[S1 ?\< HE WILL ESCAPE ! OP5 DISGRACE ( HIM :O IS DETECT$ 9 DIRECT FALSEHOOD OR AMBIGU\S IMPOSITION1 WILL YET BE VIEW$ BY HIS NEI<BORS ) COLDNESS & DI/RU/1 & E/EEM$ AN UNFA?OMABLE & SELFI% *>ACT]4 

,H5CE IT APPE>S ?AT ! ONLY SPECIES ( S9C]ITY :I* CAN 9 ANY DEGREE PROVE SATISFACTORY TO ! 5LI<T5$ MORALI/ & POLITICIAN IS ?AT :]E ! FRANKNESS IS P]FECT1 & EV]Y DEGREE ( RES]VE IS DISC>D$4 

,NOR IS !RE ANY DANG] ?AT SU* A *>ACT] %\LD DEG5]ATE 9TO RUGG$NESS & BRUTALITY4 ,S9C]ITY1 UPON ! PR9CIPLES ON :I* IT IS H]E RECOMM5D$1 IS PRACTIC$ FROM A CONSCI\SNES ( ITS UTILITY1 & FROM S5TIM5TS ( PHILAN?ROPY4 ,IT WILL COMMUNICATE FRANKNESS TO ! VOICE1 F]VOR TO ! GE/URE & K9DNESS TO ! HE>T4 ,EV5 9 EXPO/ULATION & C5SURE1 FRI5DL9ESS ( 9T5TION & MILDNESS ( PROCE$+ MAY BE EM95TLY CONSPICU\S4 ,!RE %\LD BE NO MIXTURE ( DISDA9 & SUP]IORITY4 ,! 9T]E/ ( HIM :O IS CORRECT$1 NOT ! TRIUMPH ( ! CORRECTOR1 %\LD BE ! PR9CIPLE ( ACTION4 ,TRUE S9C]ITY WILL BE ATT5D$ ) ?AT EQUALITY :I* IS ! ONLY SURE F\NDATION ( LOVE1 & ?AT LOVE :I* GIVES ! BE/ F9I%+ & LU/] TO A S5TIM5T ( EQUALITY4 

 ,FOOTNOTES 

#a ,BOOK ,V,I1 ,*AP4 ,V,I4 

#b,EMILE1 LIV4 II4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #agib 3 ,BOOK #d1 ,*APT] #f -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#f1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #d1 ,*APT] #f -- ,ADD$4 

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