,BOOK #d1 ,*APT] #b 
,( ,REVOLUTIONS 

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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

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,DUTY ( A CITIZ5 AS TO ! CON/ITUTION ( HIS C\NTRY4 - ,NO S*EME (  
 GOV]NM5T P]FECT OR F9AL4 - ,REVOLUTION>Y MEASURES1 DUR+ !IR  
 OP]ATION1 9IMICAL TO 9DEP5D5CE - & 9TELLECTUAL 9QUIRY4 -  
 ,P]IOD ( !IR OP]ATION4 - ,REVOLUTIONS ACCOMPANI$ ) BLOOD -  
 CRUDE & PREMATURE 9 !IR EFFECTS - UNC]TA9 9 PO9T ( SUCCESS4  
 - ,CONVICTION ( ! UND]/&+ AN ADEQUATE MEANS ( DEMOLI%+  
 POLITICAL ABUSE4 - ,! PROGRESS ( CONVICTION NOT T>DY & FEEBLE - NOT  
 PREC>I\S4 - ,REVOLUTIONS 9 SOME CASES TO BE LOOK$ =4  

,! QUE/ION ( RESI/ANCE IS CLOSELY CONNECT$ ) ?AT ( REVOLUTIONS4 ,IT MAY BE PROP] !RE=E1 BE=E WE DISMISS ?IS P>T ( ! SUBJECT1 TO 5T] 9TO SOME DISQUISITION RESPECT+ ! NATURE & EFFECTS ( ?AT SPECIES ( EV5T :I* IS COMMONLY KN[N BY ?IS APPELLATION1 & ! S5TIM5TS :I* A GOOD CITIZ5 %\LD 5T]TA9 CONC]N+ IT4 

,& H]E ONE ( ! FIR/ OBS]VATIONS ?AT (F]S ITSELF IS ?AT IT IS NOT UNWOR?Y ( A GOOD MEMB] ( SOCIETY TO BE ! ADV]S>Y ( ! CON/ITUTION ( HIS C\NTRY4 

,9 CONTRADICTION TO ?IS PROPOSITION IT HAS BE5 SAID1 0?AT WE LIVE UND] ! PROTECTION ( ?IS CON/ITUTION2 & PROTECTION1 BE+ A B5EFIT CONF]R$1 OBLIGES US TO A RECIPROCATION ( SUPPORT 9 RETURN40 

,TO ?IS IT MAY BE ANSW]$1 FIR/1 ?AT ! B5EFIT ( ?IS PROTECTION IS SOME:AT EQUIVOCAL4 ,?AT CIVILIZATION IS A B5EFIT MAY P]HAPS BE CONC$$2 BUT CIVILIZATION1 ?\< 9 SOME DEGREE PRES]V$ BY ! POLITICAL CON/ITUTION ( EV]Y C\NTRY 9 ,EUROPE1 CAN SC>CELY BE CONSID]$ AS ! *>ACT]I/IC ( A BAD CON/ITUTION1 OR AS 9SEP>ABLY 9VOLV$ ) ! IMP]FECTIONS ( ANY4 ,A GOOD MEMB] ( SOCIETY WILL1 PROBABLY1 BE ANXI\S TO FAVOR ! CAUSE ( CIVILIZATION2 BUT HIS ATTA*M5T TO ?AT CAUSE MAY WELL EXCITE HIS WI%ES TO SEE IT FRE$ FROM ! SL\< ( CORRUPT & P>TIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 

,SECONDLY1 GRATITUDE1 9 ! S5SE 9 :I* IT IS H]E SPOK5 (1 HAS ALREADY BE5 PROV$ NOT TO BE A VIRTUE1 BUT A VISE4 ,EV]Y MAN & COLLECTION ( M5 \<T TO BE TREAT$ BY US 9 A MANN] F\ND$ UPON !IR 9TR9SIC QUALITIES & CAPACITIES1 & NOT ACCORD+ TO A RULE1 :I* HAS EXI/5CE ONLY 9 RELATION TO \RSELVES4#a 

,ADD TO ?IS1 ?IRDLY1 ?AT NO MOTIVE CAN BE MORE EQUIVOCAL ?AN ! GRATITUDE H]E RECOMM5D$4 ,GRATITUDE TO ! CON/ITUTION1 AN AB/RACT IDEA1 AN IMAG9>Y EXI/5CE1 IS ALTOGE!R UN9TELLIGIBLE4 ,AFFECTION TO MY C\NTRYM5 WILL BE MU* BETT] PROV$ BY EX]TIONS TO PROCURE !M A SUB/ANTIAL B5EFIT ?AN BY MY SUPPORT+ A SY/EM :I* ,I BELIEVE TO BE FRAU<T ) 9JURI\S CONSEQU5CES4 

,A DEM& ( ! NATURE :I* IS H]E CONTROV]T$ IS SIMIL> TO ! DEM& UPON ME TO BE A ,*RI/IAN BECAUSE ,I AM AN ,5GLI%MAN1 OR A ,MAHOMETAN BECAUSE ,I AM A NATIVE ( ,TURKEY4 ,9/EAD ( BE+ AN EXPRESSION ( RESPECT1 IT >GUES CONTEMPT ( ALL RELIGION & GOV]NM5T1 & EV]Y?+ SACR$ AMONG M54 ,IF GOV]NM5T BE AN 9/ITUTION CONDUCIVE TO ! PUBLIC WELF>E1 IT DES]VES MY ATT5TION & 9VE/IGATION4 ,I AM B\ND1 9 PROPORTION AS ,I DESIRE ! HAPP9ESS ( O!RS1 TO CONSID] IT ) ALL ! ACCURACY MY CIRCUM/ANCES WILL ALL[1 & EMPLOY MY TAL5TS1 & EV]Y HONE/ 9FLU5CE ,I AM ABLE TO EX]T1 TO R5D] IT SU* AS JU/ICE & REASON MAY REQUIRE4 

,?IS G5]AL VIEW ( ! DUTIES ( A CITIZ5 9 RELATION TO ! GOV]NM5T UND] :I* HE LIVES BE+ PREMIS$1 WE MAY N[ PROCE$ ) ADVANTAGE TO ! P>TICUL> PO9TS :I* >E CALCULAT$ TO 9FLU5CE \R JUDGM5T AS TO ! CONDUCT WE \<T TO HOLD ) RESPECT TO REVOLUTIONS4 

,!RE IS ONE EXT5SIVE VIEW UPON ! SUBJECT ( REVOLUTIONS :I* WILL BE ( GREAT CONSEQU5CE 9 DET]M9+ ! S5TIM5TS & CONDUCT WE \<T TO MA9TA9 RESPECT+ !M4 ,! WISE MAN IS SATISFI$ ) NO?+4 ,IT IS SC>CELY POSSIBLE !RE %\LD BE ANY 9/ITUTION 9 :I* IMP>TIAL DISQUISITION WILL NOT F9D DEFECTS4 ,! WISE MAN IS NOT SATISFI$ ) HIS [N ATTA9M5TS1 OR EV5 ) HIS PR9CIPLES & OP9IONS4 ,HE IS CONT9UALLY DETECT+ ]RORS 9 !M2 HE SUSPECTS MORE2 !RE IS NO 5D TO HIS REVISALS & 9QUIRIES4 ,GOV]NM5T IS 9 ITS NATURE AN EXP$I5T1 A REC\RSE TO SOME?+ ILL TO PREV5T AN IMP5D+ MIS*IEF2 IT AF=DS !RE=E NO GR\ND ( COMPLETE SATISFACTION4 ,F9ITE ?+S MU/ BE P]PETUALLY CAPABLE ( 9CREASE & ADVANCEM5T2 IT W\LD >GUE !RE=E EXTREME FOLLY TO RE/ 9 ANY GIV5 /ATE ( IMPROVEM5T1 & IMAG9E WE HAD ATTA9$ \R SUMMIT4 ,! TRUE POLITICIAN CONF9ES NEI!R HIS EXPECTATIONS NOR DESIRES )9 ANY SPECIFIC LIMITS2 HE HAS UND]TAK5 A LABOR )\T 5D4 ,HE DOES NOT SAY1 0,LET ME ATTA9 ?US MU*1 & ,I WILL BE CONT5T$2 ,I WILL DEM& NO MORE2 ,I WILL NO LONG] C\NT]ACT ! E/ABLI%$ ORD] ( ?+S2 ,I WILL SET ?OSE :O SUPPORT !M AT RE/ FROM FUR!R IMPORTUNITY40 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! :OLE P]IOD ( HIS EXI/5CE IS DEVOT$ TO ! PROMOTION ( 9NOVATION & RE=M4 

,! DIRECT 9F]5CE FROM !SE S5TIM5TS SEEMS TO BE UNFAVORABLE TO REVOLUTIONS4 ,! POLITICIAN :O AIMS AT A LIMIT$ OBJECT1 & HAS %UT UP HIS VIEWS )9 ?AT OBJECT1 MAY BE =GIV5 IF HE MANIFE/ SOME IMPATI5CE = ITS ATTA9M5T4 ,BUT ?IS PASSION CANNOT BE FELT 9 AN EQUAL DEGREE BY HIM :O AIMS AT IMPROVEM5T1 NOT UPON A DEF9ITE1 BUT AN 9DEF9ITE SCALE4 ,?IS MAN KN[S ?AT1 :5 HE HAS C>RI$ ANY P>TICUL> PO9T1 HIS TASK IS F> FROM COMPLETE4 ,HE KN[S ?AT1 :5 GOV]NM5T HAS BE5 ADVANC$ ONE DEGREE HI<] 9 EXCELL5CE1 ABUSES WILL /ILL BE NUM]\S4 ,MANY WILL BE OPPRESS$2 MANY WILL BE EXPOS$ TO UNJU/ CONDEMNATION2 DISCONT5T WILL HAVE ITS EMPIRE & ITS VOT>IES2 & ! REIGN ( 9EQUALITY WILL BE EXT5SIVE4 ,HE CAN M>K !RE=E ! PROGRESS ( MELIORATION ) CALMNESS2 ?\< IT WILL HAVE ALL ! WI%ES ( HIS HE>T1 & ALL ! EX]TIONS ( HIS UND]/&+4 ,?AT PROGRESS1 :I* MAY BE C>RI$ ON ?R\< A LONG] TIME1 & A GREAT] V>IETY ( >TICLES1 ?AN HIS =ESI<T CAN DEL9EATE1 HE MAY BE EXPECT$ TO DESIRE %\LD TAKE PLACE 9 A MILD & GRADUAL1 ?\< 9CESSANT ADVANCE1 NOT BY VIOL5T LEAPS1 NOT BY CONCUSSIONS :I* MAY EXPOSE MILLIONS TO RISK1 & SWEEP G5]ATIONS ( M5 FROM ! /AGE ( EXI/5CE4 

,& H]E LET US BRIEFLY CONSID] :AT IS ! NATURE ( REVOLUTION4 ,REVOLUTION IS 5G5D]$ BY AN 9DIGNATION AGA9/ TYRANNY1 YET IS ITSELF EV] MORE PREGNANT ) TYRANNY4 ,! TYRANNY :I* EXCITES ITS 9DIGNATION CAN SC>CELY BE )\T ITS P>TISANS2 &1 ! GREAT] IS ! 9DIGNATION EXCIT$1 & ! MORE SUDD5 & VA/ ! FALL ( ! OPPRESSORS1 ! DEEP] WILL BE ! RES5TM5T :I* FILLS ! M9DS ( ! LOS+ P>TY4 ,:AT MORE UNAVOIDABLE ?AN ?AT M5 %\LD 5T]TA9 SOME DISCONT5T AT BE+ VIOL5TLY /RIPP$ ( !IR WEAL? & !IR PRIVILEGES8 ,:AT MORE V5IAL ?AN ?AT !Y %\LD FEEL SOME ATTA*M5T TO ! S5TIM5TS 9 :I* !Y W]E $UCAT$1 & :I*1 IT MAY BE1 BUT A LITTLE BE=E1 W]E ! S5TIM5TS ( ALMO/ EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! COMMUNITY8 ,>E !Y OBLIG$ TO *ANGE !IR CRE$1 PRECISELY AT ! TIME AT :I* ,I SEE REASON TO ALT] M9E8 ,!Y HAVE BUT REMA9$ AT ! PO9T AT :I* WE BO? /OOD A FEW YE>S AGO4 ,YET ?IS IS ! CRIME :I* A REVOLUTION WAT*ES ) ! GREATE/ JEAL\SY1 & PUNI%ES ) ! UTMO/ SEV]ITY4 ,! CRIME :I* IS ?US M>K$ ) ! DEEPE/ REPROBATION IS NOT ! RESULT ( RELAXATION ( PR9CIPLE1 ( PR(LIGATE LIV+1 OR ( BITT] & 9EXORABLE HATR$4 ,IT IS A FAULT NOT ! LEA/ LIKELY TO OCCUR 9 A MAN ( UNTA9T$ HONOR1 ( AN UPRI<T DISPOSITION1 & DIGNIFI$ & G5]\S S5TIM5TS4 

,REVOLUTION IS 9/IGAT$ BY A HORROR AGA9/ TYRANNY1 YET ITS [N TYRANNY IS NOT )\T PECULI> AGGRAVATIONS4 ,!RE IS NO P]IOD MORE AT W> ) ! EXI/5CE ( LIB]TY4 ,! UNRE/RA9$ COMMUNICATION ( OP9IONS HAS ALWAYS BE5 SUBJECT$ TO MIS*IEV\S C\NT]ACTION1 BUT UPON SU* OCCASIONS IT IS TREBLY FETT]$4 ,AT O!R TIMES M5 >E NOT SO MU* AL>M$ = ITS EFFECTS4 ,BUT 9 A MOM5T ( REVOLUTION1 :5 EV]Y?+ IS 9 CRISIS1 ! 9FLU5CE EV5 ( A WORD IS DREAD$1 & ! CONSEQU5T SLAV]Y IS COMPLETE4 ,:]E WAS !RE A REVOLUTION 9 :I* A /RONG V9DICATION ( :AT IT WAS 9T5D$ TO ABOLI% WAS P]MITT$1 OR 9DE$ ALMO/ ANY SPECIES ( WRIT+ OR >GUM5T1 ?AT WAS NOT1 = ! MO/ P>T1 9 H>MONY ) ! OP9IONS :I* HAPP5$ TO PREVAIL8 ,AN ATTEMPT TO SCRUT9IZE M5'S ?\<TS1 & PUNI% !IR OP9IONS1 IS ( ALL K9DS ( DESPOTISM ! MO/ ODI\S2 YET ?IS ATTEMPT IS PECULI>LY *>ACT]I/IC ( A P]IOD ( REVOLUTION4 

,! ADVOCATES ( REVOLUTION USUALLY REM>K 0?AT !RE IS NO WAY TO RID \RSELVES ( \R OPPRESSORS1 & PREV5T NEW ONES FROM />T+ UP 9 !IR ROOM1 BUT BY 9FLICT+ ON !M SOME SEV]E & MEMORABLE RETRIBUTION40 ,UPON ?IS /ATEM5T IT IS P>TICUL>LY TO BE OBS]V$ ?AT !RE WILL BE OPPRESSORS AS LONG AS !RE >E 9DIVIDUALS 9CL9$1 EI!R FROM P]V]S5ESS1 OR ROOT$ & OB/9ATE PREJUDICE1 TO TAKE P>TY ) ! OPPRESSOR4 ,WE HAVE !RE=E TO T]RIFY NOT ONLY ! MAN ( CROOK$ AMBITION BUT ALL ?OSE :O W\LD SUPPORT HIM1 EI!R FROM A CORRUPT MOTIVE1 OR A WELL-9T5D$ ]ROR4 ,?US1 WE PROPOSE TO MAKE M5 FREE2 & ! ME?OD WE ADOPT IS TO 9FLU5CE !M1 MORE RIGOR\SLY ?AN EV]1 BY ! FE> ( PUNI%M5T4 ,WE SAY ?AT GOV]NM5T HAS USURP$ TOO MU*1 & WE ORGANIZE A GOV]NM5T T5FOLD MORE 5CROA*+ 9 ITS PR9CIPLES & T]RIBLE 9 ITS PROCE$+S4 ,IS SLAV]Y ! BE/ PROJECT ?AT CAN BE DEVIS$ = MAK+ M5 FREE8 ,IS A DISPLAY ( T]ROR ! READIE/ MODE = R5D]+ !M FE>LESS1 9DEP5D5T & 5T]PRIS+8 

,DUR+ A P]IOD ( REVOLUTION1 9QUIRY1 & ALL ?OSE PATI5T SPECULATIONS TO :I* MANK9D >E 9DEBT$ = !IR GREATE/ IMPROVEM5TS1 >E SUSP5D$4 ,SU* SPECULATIONS DEM& A P]IOD ( SECURITY & P]MAN5CE2 !Y CAN SC>CELY BE PURSU$ :5 M5 CANNOT =ESEE :AT %ALL HAPP5 TOMORR[1 & ! MO/ A/ONI%+ VICISSITUDES >E AFFAIRS ( P]PETUAL RECURR5CE4 ,SU* SPECULATIONS DEM& LEISURE1 & A TRANQUIL & DISPASSIONATE TEMP]2 !Y CAN SC>CELY BE PURSU$ :5 ALL ! PASSIONS ( MAN >E AFLOAT1 & WE >E H\RLY UND] ! /RONGE/ IMPRESSIONS ( FE> & HOPE1 APPREH5SION & DESIRE1 DEJECTION & TRIUMPH4 ,ADD TO ?IS1 :AT HAS BE5 ALREADY /AT$1#b RESPECT+ ! T5D5CY ( REVOLUTION1 TO RE/RA9 ! DECL>ATION ( \R ?\<TS1 & PUT FETT]S UPON ! LIC5SE ( 9VE/IGATION4 

,ANO!R CIRCUM/ANCE PROP] TO BE M5TION$ IS ! 9EVITABLE DURATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT4 ,?IS MAY BE ILLU/RAT$ FROM ! *ANGE ( GOV]NM5T 9 ,5GL& 9 #a#f#h#h4 ,IF WE LOOK AT ! REVOLUTION /RICTLY SO CALL$1 WE >E APT TO CONGRATULATE \RSELVES ?AT ! ADVANTAGES IT PROCUR$1 TO :ATEV] !Y MAY AM\NT1 W]E PUR*AS$ BY A *EAP & BLOODLESS VICTORY4 ,BUT1 IF WE W\LD MAKE A SOLID E/IMATE1 WE MU/ RECOLLECT IT AS ! PROCUR+ CAUSE ( TWO G5]AL W>S1 ( N9E YE>S UND] K+ ,WILLIAM1 & TWELVE UND] QUE5 ,ANNE2 & TWO 9TE/9E REBELLIONS 7EV5TS WOR?Y ( EXECRATION1 IF WE CALL TO M9D ! GALLANT SPIRIT & G5]\S FIDELITY ( ! ,JACOBITES1 & !IR MIS]ABLE 5D7 9 #agae & #a#g#d#e4 ,YET ?IS WAS1 UPON ! :OLE1 A MILD & AUSPICI\S REVOLUTION4 ,REVOLUTIONS >E A /RUGGLE BETWE5 TWO P>TIES1 EA* P]SUAD$ ( ! JU/ICE ( ITS CAUSE1 A /RUGGLE NOT DECID$ BY COMPROMISE OR PATI5T EXPO/ULATION1 BUT BY =CE ONLY4 ,SU* A DECISION CAN SC>CELY BE EXPECT$ TO PUT AN 5D TO ! MUTUAL ANIMOSITY & V>IANCE4 

,P]HAPS NO IMPORTANT REVOLUTION WAS EV] BLOODLESS4 ,IT MAY BE USEFUL 9 ?IS PLACE TO RECOLLECT 9 :AT ! MIS*IEF ( %$D+ BLOOD CONSI/S4 ,! ABUSES :I* AT PRES5T EXI/ 9 POLITICAL SOCIETY >E SO 5ORM\S1 ! OPPRESSIONS :I* >E EX]CIS$ SO 9TOL]ABLE1 ! IGNORANCE & VISE !Y 5TAIL SO DREADFUL1 ?AT POSSIBLY A DISPASSIONATE 5QUIR] MI<T DECIDE ?AT1 IF !IR ANNIHILATION C\LD BE PUR*AS$ BY AN 9/ANT SWEEP+ ( EV]Y HUMAN BE+ N[ >RIV$ AT YE>S ( MATURITY FROM ! FACE ( ! E>?1 ! PUR*ASE W\LD NOT BE TOO DE>4 ,IT IS NOT BECAUSE HUMAN LIFE IS ( SO CONSID]ABLE VALUE ?AT WE \<T TO RECOIL FROM ! %$D+ ( BLOOD4 ,ALAS6 ! M5 ?AT N[ EXI/ >E = ! MO/ P>T POOR & SCANTY 9 !IR PORTION ( 5JOYM5T1 & !IR DIGNITY IS NO MORE ?AN A NAME4 ,DEA? IS 9 ITSELF AMONG ! SLI<TE/ ( HUMAN EVILS4 ,AN E>?QUAKE1 :I* %\LD SWALL[ UP A HUNDR$ ?\S& 9DIVIDUALS AT ONCE1 W\LD *IEFLY BE TO BE REGRETT$ = ! ANGUI% IT 5TAIL$ UPON SURVIVORS2 9 A FAIR E/IMATE ( ?OSE IT DE/ROY$1 IT W\LD (T5 BE COMP>ATIVELY A TRIVIAL EV5T4 ,! LAWS ( NATURE :I* PRODUCE IT >E A FIT SUBJECT ( 9VE/IGATION2 BUT !IR EFFECTS1 CONTRA/$ ) MANY O!R EV5TS1 >E SC>CELY A TOPIC ( REGRET4 ,! CASE IS ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T :5 MAN FALLS BY ! H& ( HIS NEI<BOR4 ,H]E A ?\S& ILL PASSIONS >E G5]AT$4 ,! P]PETRATORS1 & ! WITNESSES ( MURD]S1 BECOME OBDURATE1 UNREL5T+ & 9HUMAN4 ,?OSE :O SU/A9 ! LOSS ( RELATIONS OR FRI5DS BY A CATA/ROPHE ( ?IS SORT >E FILL$ ) 9DIGNATION & REV5GE4 ,DI/RU/ IS PROPAGAT$ FROM MAN TO MAN1 & ! DE>E/ TIES ( HUMAN SOCIETY >E DISSOLV$4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DEVISE A TEMP] MORE 9AUSPICI\S TO ! CULTIVATION ( JU/ICE & ! DIFFUSION ( B5EVOL5CE4 

,TO ! REM>K ?AT REVOLUTIONS CAN SC>CELY BE UNACCOMPANI$ ) ! %$D+ ( BLOOD1 IT MAY BE ADD$ ?AT !Y >E NECESS>ILY CRUDE & PREMATURE4 ,POLITICS IS A SCI5CE4 ,! G5]AL FEATURES ( ! NATURE ( MAN >E CAPABLE ( BE+ UND]/OOD1 & A MODE MAY BE DEL9EAT$ :I*1 9 ITSELF CONSID]$1 IS BE/ ADAPT$ TO ! CONDITION ( MAN 9 SOCIETY4 ,IF ?IS MODE \<T NOT1 EV]Y:]E1 & 9/ANTLY1 TO BE F\<T TO BE R$UC$ 9TO PRACTICE1 ! MODIFICATIONS ?AT >E TO BE GIV5 IT 9 CON=MITY TO ! V>IATION ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 & ! DEGREES 9 :I* IT IS TO BE REALIZ$1 >E ALSO A TOPIC ( SCI5TIFIC DISQUISITION4 ,N[ IT IS CLE>LY ! NATURE ( SCI5CE TO BE PROGRESSIVE 9 ITS ADVANCES4 ,H[ V>I\S W]E ! /AGES ( A/RONOMY BE=E IT RECEIV$ ! DEGREE ( P]FECTION :I* WAS GIV5 IT BY ,NEWTON8 ,H[ IMP]FECT W]E ! LISP+S ( 9TELLECTUAL SCI5CE BE=E IT ATTA9$ ! PRECISION ( ! PRES5T C5TURY8 ,POLITICAL KN[L$GE IS1 NO D\BT1 9 ITS 9FANCY2 &1 AS IT IS AN AFFAIR ( LIFE & ACTION1 WILL1 9 PROPORTION AS IT GA!RS VIGOR1 MANIFE/ A MORE UNI=M & LESS PREC>I\S 9FLU5CE UPON ! CONC]NS ( HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,IT IS ! HI/ORY ( ALL SCI5CE TO BE KN[N FIR/ TO A FEW1 BE=E IT DESC5DS ?R\< ! V>I\S DESCRIPTIONS & CLASSES ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,?US1 = TW5TY YE>S1 & ,PR9CIPIA ( ,NEWTON HAD SC>CELY ANY READ]S1 & HIS SY/EM CONT9U$ UNKN[N2 ! NEXT TW5TY P]HAPS SUFFIC$ TO MAKE ! \TL9ES ( ?AT SY/EM FAMILI> TO ALMO/ EV]Y P]SON 9 ! SLI<TE/ DEGREE T9CTUR$ ) SCI5CE4 

,! ONLY ME?OD ACCORD+ TO :I* SOCIAL IMPROVEM5TS CAN BE C>RI$ ON1 ) SUFFICI5T PROSPECT ( AN AUSPICI\S EV5T1 IS :5 ! IMPROVEM5T ( \R 9/ITUTIONS ADVANCES 9 A JU/ PROPORTION TO ! ILLUM9ATION ( ! PUBLIC UND]/&+4 ,!RE IS A CONDITION ( POLITICAL SOCIETY BE/ ADAPT$ TO EV]Y DIFF]5T /AGE ( 9DIVIDUAL IMPROVEM5T4 ,! MORE NE>LY ?IS CONDITION IS SUCCESSIVELY REALIZ$1 ! MORE ADVANTAGE\SLY WILL ! G5]AL 9T]E/ BE CONSULT$4 ,!RE IS A SORT ( PROVISION 9 ! NATURE ( ! HUMAN M9D = ?IS SPECIES ( PROGRESS4 ,IMP]FECT 9/ITUTIONS1 AS HAS ALREADY BE5 %[N1#c CANNOT LONG SUPPORT !MSELVES :5 !Y >E G5]ALLY DISAPPROV$ (1 & !IR EFFECTS TRULY UND]/OOD4 ,!RE IS A P]IOD AT :I* !Y MAY BE EXPECT$ TO DECL9E & EXPIRE1 ALMO/ )\T AN EF=T4 ,RE=M1 UND] ?IS MEAN+ ( ! T]M1 CAN SC>CELY BE CONSID]$ AS ( ! NATURE ( ACTION4 ,M5 FEEL !IR SITUATION2 & ! RE/RA9TS ?AT %ACKL$ !M BE=E VANI% LIKE A DECEPTION4 ,:5 SU* A CRISIS HAS >RIV$1 NOT A SWORD WILL NE$ TO BE DRAWN1 NOT A F+] TO BE LIFT$ UP 9 PURPOSES ( VIOL5CE4 ,! ADV]S>IES WILL BE TOO FEW & TOO FEEBLE TO BE ABLE TO 5T]TA9 A S]I\S ?\<T ( RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ! UNIV]SAL S5SE ( MANK9D4 

,UND] ?IS VIEW ( ! SUBJECT !N IT APPE>S ?AT REVOLUTIONS1 9/EAD ( BE+ TRULY B5EFICIAL TO MANK9D1 ANSW] NO O!R PURPOSE ?AN ?AT ( M>R+ ! SALUT>Y & UN9T]RUPT$ PROGRESS :I* MI<T BE EXPECT$ TO ATT5D UPON POLITICAL TRU? & SOCIAL IMPROVEM5T4 ,!Y DI/URB ! H>MONY ( 9TELLECTUAL NATURE4 ,!Y PROPOSE TO GIVE US SOME?+ = :I* WE >E NOT PREP>$1 & :I* WE CANNOT EFFECTUALLY USE4 ,!Y SUSP5D ! :OLESOME ADVANCEM5T ( SCI5CE1 & CONF\ND ! PROCESS ( NATURE & REASON4 

,WE HAVE HI!RTO >GU$ UPON ! SUPPOSITION ?AT ! ATTEMPT :I* %ALL BE MADE TO EFFECT A REVOLUTION %ALL BE CR[N$ ) SUCCESS4 ,BUT ?IS SUPPOSITION MU/ BY NO MEANS BE SUFF]$ TO PASS )\T NOTICE4 ,EV]Y ATTEMPT ( ?IS SORT1 EV5 IF M5AC$ ONLY1 & NOT C>RI$ 9TO ACT1 T5DS TO EXCITE A RESI/ANCE :I* O!RWISE W\LD NEV] BE CONSOLIDAT$4 ,! 5EMIES ( 9NOVATION BECOME AL>M$ BY ! 9TEMP]ANCE ( ITS FRI5DS4 ,! /ORM GRADUALLY ?ICK5S1 & EA* P>TY >MS ITSELF 9 SIL5CE ) ! WEAPONS ( VIOL5CE & /RATAGEM4 ,LET US OBS]VE ! CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS4 ,SO LONG AS ! CONTE/ IS M]ELY BETWE5 TRU? & SOPHI/RY1 WE MAY LOOK ) TOL]ABLE ASSURANCE TO ! PROGRESS & RESULT4 ,BUT1 :5 WE LAY ASIDE >GUM5TS1 & HAVE REC\RSE TO ! SWORD1 ! CASE IS ALT]$4 ,AMID ! B>B>\S RAGE ( W>1 & ! CLAMOR\S D9 ( CIVIL CONT5TION1 :O %ALL TELL :E!R ! EV5T WILL BE PROSP]\S OR ADV]SE8 ,! CONSEQU5CE MAY BE ! RIVET+ ON US ANEW ! *A9S ( DESPOTISM1 & 5SUR+1 ?R\< A CONSID]ABLE P]IOD1 ! TRIUMPH ( OPPRESSION1 EV5 IF IT %\LD FAIL TO C>RY US BACK TO A /ATE ( TORPOR1 & OBLIT]ATE ! MEMORY ( ALL \R IMPROVEM5TS4 

,IF SU* >E ! G5U9E FEATURES ( REVOLUTION1 IT WILL BE =TUNATE IF IT CAN BE MADE APPE> ?AT REVOLUTION IS :OLLY UNNECESS>Y1 & ! CONVICTION ( ! UND]/&+ A MEANS FULLY ADEQUATE TO ! DEMOLI%+ POLITICAL ABUSE4 ,BUT ?IS PO9T HAS ALREADY BE5 E/ABLI%$ 9 A =M] P>T ( \R 9QUIRY4#d ,IT IS COMMON TO AFFIRM 0?AT M5 MAY SUFFICI5TLY KN[ ! ]ROR ( !IR CONDUCT1 & YET BE 9 NO DEGREE 9CL9$ TO =SAKE IT40 ,?IS ASS]TION H[EV] IS NO O!RWISE R5D]$ PLAUSIBLE ?AN BY ! VAGUE MANN] 9 :I* WE >E ACCU/OM$ TO UND]/& ! T]M KN[L$GE4 ,! VOLUNT>Y ACTIONS ( M5 ORIG9ATE 9 !IR OP9IONS4#e ,:ATEV] WE BELIEVE TO HAVE ! /RONGE/ 9DUCEM5TS 9 ITS BEHALF1 ?AT WE 9FALLIBLY *OOSE & PURSUE4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT WE %\LD *OOSE ANY?+ AS EVIL4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT A MAN %\LD P]PETRATE A CRIME 9 ! MOM5T ?AT HE SEES IT 9 ALL ITS 5ORMITY4 ,9 EV]Y EXAMPLE ( ?IS SORT1 !RE IS A /RUGGLE BETWE5 KN[L$GE ON ONE SIDE1 & ]ROR OR HABIT ON ! O!R4 ,:ILE ! KN[L$GE CONT9UES 9 ALL ITS VIGOR1 ! ILL ACTION CANNOT BE P]PETRAT$4 ,9 PROPORTION AS ! KN[L$GE ESCAPES FROM ! M9D1 & IS NO LONG] RECOLLECT$1 ! ]ROR OR HABIT MAY PREVAIL4 ,BUT IT IS REASONABLE TO SUPPOSE ?AT ! P]MAN5CE1 AS WELL AS VIGOR1 ( \R P]CEPTIONS IS CAPABLE ( BE+ 9CREAS$ TO AN 9DEF9ITE EXT5T4 ,KN[L$GE 9 ?IS S5SE1 UND]/&+ BY IT A CLE> & UND\BT+ APPREH5SION1 SU* AS NO DELUSION CAN RESI/1 IS A ?+ TOTALLY DIFF]5T FROM :AT IS ORD9>ILY CALL$ BY ?AT NAME1 FROM A S5TIM5T SELDOM RECOLLECT$1 &1 :5 IT IS RECOLLECT$1 SC>CELY FELT OR UND]/OOD4#f 

,! BEAUTY ( ! CONCEPTION H]E DEL9EAT$1 ( ! POLITICAL IMPROVEM5T ( MANK9D1 MU/ BE PALPABLE TO EV]Y OBS]V]4 ,/ILL IT MAY BE URG$ 0?AT1 EV5 GRANT+ ?IS1 TRU? MAY BE TOO T>DY 9 ITS OP]ATION4 ,AGES WILL ELAPSE10 WE %ALL BE TOLD1 0BE=E SPECULATIVE VIEWS ( ! EVILS ( PRIVILEGE & MONOPOLY %ALL HAVE SPREAD SO WIDE1 & BE5 FELT SO DEEPLY1 AS TO BANI% !SE EVILS )\T COMMOTION OR /RUGGLE4 ,IT IS EASY = A REASON] TO SIT D[N 9 HIS CLOSET1 & AMUSE HIMSELF ) ! BEAUTY ( ! CONCEPTION1 BUT 9 ! MEANTIME MANK9D >E SUFF]+1 9JU/ICE IS H\RLY P]PETRAT$1 & G5]ATIONS ( M5 MAY LANGUI%1 9 ! MID/ ( FAIR PROMISES & HOPES1 & LEAVE ! /AGE )\T P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! B5EFIT4 ,*EAT US NOT !N10 IT WILL BE SAID1 0) REMOTE & UNC]TA9 PROSPECTS2 BUT LET US EMBRACE A ME?OD :I* %ALL SECURE US SPE$Y DELIV]ANCE FROM EVILS TOO HATEFUL TO BE 5DUR$40 

,9 ANSW] TO ?IS REPRES5TATION1 IT IS TO BE OBS]V$1 FIR/1 ?AT EV]Y ATTEMPT SUDD5LY TO RESCUE A :OLE COMMUNITY FROM AN USURPATION ! EVILS ( :I* FEW UND]/& HAS ALREADY BE5 %[N TO BE ATT5D$1 ALWAYS ) CALAMITY1 FREQU5TLY ) MISC>RIAGE4 

,SECONDLY1 IT IS A MI/AKE TO SUPPOSE ?AT1 BECAUSE WE HAVE NO POPUL> COMMOTIONS & VIOL5CE1 ! G5]ATION 9 :I* WE LIVE WILL HAVE NO B5EFIT FROM ! IMPROVEM5T ( \R POLITICAL PR9CIPLES4 ,EV]Y *ANGE ( S5TIM5T1 FROM MORAL DELUSION TO TRU?1 EV]Y ADDITION WE MAKE TO ! CLE>NESS ( \R APPREH5SION ON ?IS SUBJECT1 & ! RECOLLECT$NESS & 9DEP5D5CE ( \R M9D1 IS ITSELF AB/RACT$ FROM ! ABSOLUTE *ANGE ( \R 9/ITUTIONS1 AN UNQUE/IONABLE ACQUISITION4 ,FRE$OM ( 9/ITUTION IS DESIRABLE *IEFLY BECAUSE IT IS CONNECT$ ) 9DEP5D5CE ( M9D2 IF WE GA9 ! 5D1 WE MAY REASONABLY CONS5T TO BE LESS SOLICIT\S AB\T ! MEANS4#g ,9 REALITY H[EV]1 :]EV] ! POLITICAL OP9IONS ( A COMMUNITY1 OR ANY CONSID]ABLE PORTION ( A COMMUNITY1 >E *ANG$1 ! 9/ITUTIONS >E AFFECT$ ALSO4 ,!Y RELAX !IR HOLD UPON ! M9D2 !Y >E VIEW$ ) A DIFF]5T SPIRIT2 !Y GRADUALLY1 & ALMO/ )\T NOTICE1 S9K 9TO OBLIVION4 ,! ADVANTAGE GA9$ 9 EV]Y /AGE ( ! PROGRESS )\T COMMOTION IS NE>LY ! PRECISE ADVANTAGE IT IS MO/ = ! 9T]E/ ( ! PUBLIC TO SECURE4 

,9 ! MEANTIME IT IS IMPOSSIBLE NOT TO REM>K A /RIK+ FUTILITY 9 ! OBJECTION WE >E 5DEAVOR+ TO ANSW]4 ,! OBJECTORS COMPLA9 0?AT ! SY/EM :I* TRU/S TO REASON ALONE IS CALCULAT$ TO DEPRIVE ! PRES5T G5]ATION ( ! PRACTICAL B5EFIT ( POLITICAL IMPROVEM5TS40 ,YET WE HAVE JU/ %[N ?AT IT SECURES TO !M GREAT PRACTICAL B5EFIT2 :ILE1 ON ! O!R H&1 NO?+ IS MORE COMMON1 ?AN TO HE> ! ADVOCATES ( =CE !MSELVES CONFESS ?AT A GR& REVOLUTION 9CLUDES 9 IT ! SACRIFICE ( ONE G5]ATION4 ,ITS CONDUCTORS 5C\NT] ! CALAMITIES ATT5DANT ON FUNDAM5TAL 9NOVATION1 ?AT !IR PO/]ITY MAY REAP ! FRUITS 9 TRANQUILITY4 

,?IRDLY1 IT IS A MI/AKE TO SUPPOSE ?AT ! SY/EM ( TRU/+ TO REASON ALONE IS CALCULAT$ TO PLACE FUNDAM5TAL RE=M AT AN IMMEASURABLE DI/ANCE4 ,IT IS ! NATURE ( ALL SCI5CE & IMPROVEM5T TO BE SL[1 & 9 A MANN] IMP]CEPTIBLE1 9 ITS FIR/ ADVANCES4 ,ITS COMM5CEM5T IS AS IT W]E BY ACCID5T4 ,FEW ADV]T TO IT2 FEW HAVE ANY P]CEPTION ( ITS EXI/5CE4 ,IT ATTA9S ITS GR[? 9 OBSCURITY2 & ITS RESULT1 ?\< LONG 9 ! PREP>ATION1 IS TO A CONSID]ABLE DEGREE SUDD5 & UNEXPECT$4 ,?US IT IS P]HAPS ?AT WE \<T TO REG>D ! 9TRODUCTION ( PR9T+ AS HAV+ GIV5 ITS FULL SECURITY TO ! EMANCIPATION ( MANK9D4 ,BUT ?IS PROGRESSIVE CONSEQU5CE WAS LONG UNSUSPECT$2 & IT WAS RES]V$ = ! P5ETRAT+ M9D ( ,WOLFEY TO PR$ICT ALMO/ ?REE C5TURIES AGO1 SPEAK+ 9 ! NAME ( ! ,ROMI% CL]GY1 0,WE MU/ DE/ROY ! PRESS2 OR ! PRESS WILL DE/ROY US40 ,AT PRES5T1 ,IT REQUIRES NO EXTRAORD9>Y SAGACITY TO P]CEIVE ?AT ! MO/ 5ORM\S ABUSES ( POLITICAL 9/ITUTION >E HA/5+ TO !IR 5D4 ,!RE IS NO 5EMY TO ?IS AUSPICI\S CRISIS MORE TO BE FE>$ ?AN ! WELL MEAN+1 BUT 9TEMP]ATE1 *AMPION ( ! G5]AL GOOD4 

,!RE IS A PASSAGE 9 A WORK ( ,HELVETIUS WRITT5 TO BE PUBLI%$ AFT] HIS DEA?1 :I* HAPP5$ 9 #a#g#g#a1 SO MU* 9 ! TONE ( ! DISSATISFI$ & DESPAIR+ ADVOCATES ( PUBLIC LIB]TY AT PRES5T1 AS TO DES]VE TO BE CIT$ 9 ?IS PLACE4 0,9 ! HI/ORY ( EV]Y PEOPLE10 SAYS HE1 0!RE >E MOM5TS 9 :I*1 UNC]TA9 ( ! SIDE !Y %ALL *OOSE1 & BALANC$ BETWE5 POLITICAL GOOD & EVIL1 !Y FEEL A DESIRE TO BE 9/RUCT$2 9 :I* ! SOIL1 SO TO EXPRESS MYSELF1 IS 9 SOME MANN] PREP>$1 & MAY EASILY BE P5ETRAT$ BY ! DEW ( TRU?4 ,AT SU* A MOM5T1 ! PUBLICATION ( A VALUABLE BOOK MAY GIVE BIR? TO ! MO/ AUSPICI\S RE=MS3 BUT1 :5 ?AT MOM5T IS NO MORE1 ! NATION1 BECOME 9S5SIBLE TO ! BE/ MOTIVES1 IS1 BY ! NATURE ( ITS GOV]NM5T1 IRRECOV]ABLY PLUNG$ 9 IGNORANCE & /UPIDITY4 ,! SOIL ( 9TELLECT IS !N H>D & IMP5ETRABLE2 ! RA9S MAY FALL1 MAY SPREAD !IR MOI/URE UPON ! SURFACE1 BUT ! PROSPECT ( F]TILITY IS GONE4 ,SU* IS ! CONDITION ( ,FRANCE4 ,H] PEOPLE >E BECOME ! CONTEMPT ( ,EUROPE4 ,NO SALUT>Y CRISIS %ALL EV] RE/ORE !M TO LIB]TY40#h 

,IT IS SC>CELY NECESS>Y TO ADD ?AT ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION WAS AT ?IS TIME PREP>+ BY AN 9CESSANT *A9 ( EV5TS2 & ?AT ! TRA9 MAY P>TICUL>LY BE CONSID]$ AS TAK+ ITS DATE FROM ! CIRCUM/ANCE1 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! P>LIAM5TS BY ,L\IS ,X,V1 :I* 9SPIR$ ,HELVETIUS ) SO MELAN*OLY A PRESAGE4 

,AN ADDITIONAL SUPPORT TO ! OBJECTION WE >E H]E ATTEMPT+ TO REMOVE MAY BE D]IV$ FROM ! IDEA1 NOT ONLY 0?AT TRU? IS SL[ 9 ITS PROGRESS10 BUT 0?AT IT IS NOT ALWAYS PROGRESSIVE1 BUT SUBJECT1 LIKE O!R HUMAN ?+S1 TO ! VICISSITUDES ( FLUX & REFLUX40 ,?IS OP9ION HAS HI!RTO BE5 ( GREAT 9FLU5CE 9 PUBLIC AFFAIRS1 & IT HAS BE5 CONSID]$ AS 0! P>T ( A WISE /ATESMAN TO EMBRACE ! OPPORTUNITY1 :5 ! PEOPLE >E 9CL9$ TO ANY MEASURE 9 :I* HE WI%ES TO 5GAGE !M1 & NOT TO WAIT TILL !IR F]VOR HAS SUBSID$1 & ! MOM5T ( WILL+ COOP]ATION IS PA/40 

,UND\BT$LY !RE IS ! APPE>ANCE ( FLUX & REFLUX 9 HUMAN AFFAIRS4 ,9 SUBORD9ATE >TICLES1 !RE WILL BE A FA%ION1 R5D]+ ONE TRU? MORE POPUL>1 & MORE AN OBJECT ( ATT5TION1 AT ONE TIME1 ?AN AT ANO!R4 ,BUT ! MASS ( TRU? SEEMS TOO L>GE A CONSID]ATION TO BE SUSCEPTIBLE ( !SE VICISSITUDES4 ,IT HAS PROCE$$1 FROM ! REVIVAL ( LETT]S TO ! PRES5T H\R1 ) AN IRRESI/IBLE ADVANCE2 & ! APP>5T DEVI\SNESSES ( LIT]ATURE SEEM TO RESOLVE !MSELVES 9TO A GR& COLLECTIVE CONSI/5CY4 ,NOT ONE /EP HAS BE5 MADE 9 RETROGRESSION4 ,MA!MATICS1 NATURAL PHILOSOPHY1 MORAL PHILOSOPHY1 PHILOLOGY & POLITICS1 HAVE REA*$1 BY REGUL> IMPROVEM5TS1 TO !IR PRES5T DEGREE ( P]FECTION4 

0,BUT1 :ATEV] MAY BE SAID ( ! HI/ORY ( ! HUMAN M9D S9CE ! REVIVAL ( LETT]S1 ITS HI/ORY FROM ! E>LIE/ RECORDS ( MAN DISPLAYS A PICTURE ( A DIFF]5T SORT4 ,H]E C]TA9LY IT HAS NOT BE5 ALL PROGRESSION4 ,GREECE & ,ROME PRES5T !MSELVES LIKE TWO FAVOR$ SPOTS 9 ! IMM5SE DES]T ( 9TELLECT2 & !IR GLORY 9 ?IS RESPECT WAS EXCE$+LY TRANSI5T4 ,A!NS >RIV$ AT AN EXCELL5CE SO GREAT1 9 POETRY1 9 ELOQU5CE1 9 ! ACUT5ESS & VIGOR ( ITS PHILOSOPH]S1 & 9 SKILL 9 ! F9E >TS1 AS ALL ! AGES ( ! WORLD >E NOT ABLE TO P>ALLEL4 ,BUT ?IS SKILL WAS ATTA9$1 ONLY TO BE AFT]W>DS =GOTT52 IT WAS SUCCE$$ BY A NI<T ( B>B>ISM2 & WE >E AT ?IS MOM5T1 9 SOME ( !SE PO9TS1 EX]T+ \RSELVES TO >RIVE AT ! GR\ND :I* !Y =M]LY OCCUPI$4 ,! SAME REM>KS :I* APPLY TO 9DIVIDUAL IMPROVEM5T EQUALLY APPLY TO ! SUBJECT ( POLITICS2 WE HAVE NOT YET REALIZ$ ! POLITICAL ADVANTAGES1 TO :I* !Y W]E 9DEBT$ = !IR GREATNESS40 

,!RE IS BUT ONE CONSID]ATION ?AT CAN BE OPPOS$ TO ?IS /ATEM5T3 ! DISCOV]Y ( PR9T+4 ,BY ?IS >T WE SEEM TO BE SECUR$ AGA9/ ! FUTURE P]I%+ ( HUMAN IMPROVEM5T4 ,KN[L$GE IS COMMUNICAT$ TO TOO MANY 9DIVIDUALS TO AF=D ITS ADV]S>IES A *ANCE ( SUPPRESS+ IT4 ,! MONOPOLY ( SCI5CE1 ?\<1 FROM ! LOVE ( DI/9CTION1 :I* SO EXT5SIVELY *>ACT]IZES ! HUMAN RACE1 IT HAS BE5 5DEAVOR$ TO BE PROLONG$1 IS SUB/ANTIALLY AT AN 5D4 ,BY ! EASY MULTIPLICATION ( COPIES1 & ! *EAPNESS ( BOOKS1 EV]YONE HAS ACCESS TO !M4 ,! EXTREME 9EQUALITY ( 9=MATION AMONG DIFF]5T MEMB]S ( ! SAME COMMUNITY1 :I* EXI/$ 9 ANCI5T TIMES IS DIM9I%$4 ,A CLASS ( M5 IS BECOME NUM]\S :I* WAS !N COMP>ATIVELY UNKN[N1 & WE SEE VA/ MULTITUDES :O1 ?\< CONDEMN$ TO LABOR = ! P]PETUAL ACQUISITION ( ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE1 HAVE YET A SUP]FICIAL KN[L$GE ( MO/ ( ! DISCOV]IES & TOPICS :I* >E 9VE/IGAT$ BY ! LE>N$4 ,! CONSEQU5CE IS ?AT ! POSSESSORS ( KN[L$GE BE+ MORE1 ITS 9FLU5CE IS MORE C]TA94 ,UND] DIFF]5T CIRCUM/ANCES1 IT WAS OCCASIONALLY ONLY ?AT M5 W]E WR\<T UPON TO EXTRAORD9>Y EX]TIONS2 BUT ) US ! :OLE IS REGUL> & SY/EMATICAL4 

,!RE IS ONE G5]AL OBS]VATION :I* \<T TO BE MADE BE=E ! SUBJECT IS DISMISS$4 ,IT HAS P]HAPS SUFFICI5TLY APPE>$1 FROM ! PREC$+ DISCUSSION1 ?AT REVOLUTIONS >E NECESS>ILY ATT5D$ ) MANY CIRCUM/ANCES WOR?Y ( \R DISAPPROBATION1 & ?AT !Y >E BY NO MEANS ESS5TIAL TO ! POLITICAL IMPROVEM5T ( MANK9D4 ,YET1 AFT] ALL1 IT \<T NOT TO BE =GOTT5 ?AT1 ?\< ! CONNECTION BE NOT ESS5TIAL OR REQUISITE1 REVOLUTIONS & VIOL5CE HAVE TOO (T5 BE5 COEVAL ) IMPORTANT *ANGES ( ! SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,:AT HAS SO (T5 HAPP5$ 9 TIME PA/ IS NOT UNLIKELY OCCASIONALLY TO HAPP5 9 FUTURE4 ,! DUTY !RE=E ( ! TRUE POLITICIAN IS TO PO/PONE REVOLUTION IF HE CANNOT 5TIRELY PREV5T IT4 ,IT IS REASONABLE TO BELIEVE ?AT ! LAT] IT OCCURS1 & ! MORE G5]ALLY IDEAS ( POLITICAL GOOD & EVIL >E PREVI\SLY UND]/OOD1 ! %ORT]1 & ! LESS DEPLORABLE1 WILL BE ! MIS*IEFS ATT5DANT ON REVOLUTION4 ,! FRI5D ( HUMAN HAPP9ESS WILL 5DEAVOR TO PREV5T VIOL5CE2 BUT IT W\LD BE ! M>K ( A WEAK & VALETUD9>IAN TEMP] TO TURN AWAY \R EYES FROM HUMAN AFFAIRS 9 DISGU/1 & REFUSE TO CONTRIBUTE \R LABORS & ATT5TION TO ! G5]AL WEAL1 BECAUSE P]HAPS1 AT LA/1 VIOL5CE MAY =CIBLY 9TRUDE ITSELF4 ,IT IS \R DUTY TO MAKE A PROP] ADVANTAGE ( CIRCUM/ANCES AS !Y >ISE1 & NOT TO )DRAW \RSELVES BECAUSE EV]Y?+ IS NOT CONDUCT$ ACCORD+ TO \R IDEAS ( PROPRIETY4 ,! M5 :O GR[ ANGRY ) CORRUPTION1 & IMPATI5T AT 9JU/ICE1 & ?R\< ?OSE S5TIM5TS FAVOR ! ABETTORS ( REVOLUTION1 HAVE AN OBVI\S APOLOGY TO PALLIATE !IR ]RORS2 !IRS IS ! EXCESS ( A VIRTU\S FEEL+4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 H[EV] AMIABLE MAY BE ! S\RCE ( !IR ]ROR1 ! ]ROR ITSELF IS PROBABLY FRAU<T ) CONSEQU5CES P]NICI\S TO MANK9D4 

 ,FOOTNOTES 

#a,BOOK ,I,I1 ,*AP4 ,I,I1 P4 #bi 

#bP4 #abh 

#c,BOOK ,I1 ,*AP4 ,V,I4 

#d,BOOK ,I1 ,*AP4 ,V4 

#e,IBID4 

#f,BOOK ,I1 ,*AP4 ,V4 

#g,*AP4 ,I41 P4#a#b#c4 

#h0,DANS *AQUE NATION IL E/ DES MOM5S 
\ LES CITOY5S1 9C]TA9S DU P>TI QU'ILS DOIV5T PR5DRE1 ET 
SUSP5DUS 5TRE UN BON ET UN MAUVAIS G\V]NEM5T1 EPR\V5T LA SOIF 
DE L'9/RUCTION1 \ LES ESPRITS1 SI JE L'OSE DIRE1 PREP>ES ET 
AMEUBLIS PEUV5T ETRE FACILEM5T P5ETRES DE LA ROSEE DE LA V]ITE4 

,QU'5 CE MOM5T UN BON \VRAGE P>OISSE1 IL PEUT OP]] D'HEUREUSES 
RE=MES3 MAIS CET 9/ANT PASSE1 LES CITOY5S1 9S5SIBLES A LA 
GLOIRE1 SONT P> LA =ME DE LEUR G\V]NEM5T 9V9CIBLEM5T 
5TRA9ES V]S L'IGNORANCE ET L'ABRUTISSEM5T4 ,ALORS LES ESPRITS SONT 
LA T]RE 5DURCIE3 L'EAU DE LA V]ITE Y TOMBE1 Y C\LE1 MAIS SANS LA 
FECOND]4 ,TEL E/ L'ETAT DE LA ,FRANCE4 ,CETTE NATION AVILIE E/ 
AUJ\RD'HUI LE MEPRIS DE L',EUROPE4 ,NULLE CRISE SALUTAIRE NE LUI R5DRA 
LA LIB]TE40 ,DE L',HOMME1 ,PREFACE4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #agib 3 ,BOOK #d1 ,*APT] #b -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#f1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #d1 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/