,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #e 
,! ,VOLUNT>Y ,ACTIONS ( ,M5 ,ORIG9ATE 9 !IR ,OP9IONS 

#agicagic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,PREVAIL+ IDEAS ON ?IS SUBJECT4-,ITS IMPORTANCE 9 ! SCI5CE (  
 POLITICS4 - ,I4 ,VOLUNT>Y & 9VOLUNT>Y ACTION DI/+UI%$4 -LN- 
 F]5CES4 -,OP9ION ( C]TA9 RELIGIONI/S ON ?IS SUBJECT -( C]TA9  
 PHILOSOPH]S4 -,CONCLUSION4 -,I,I4 ,SELF-DECEPTION CONSID]$ -,CU/OM1  
 OR HABIT DEL9EAT$4 -,ACTIONS PROCE$+ FROM ?IS S\RCE IMP]FECTLY  
 VOLUNT>Y4 -,SUBTLETY ( ! M9D4 -,T5D5CY ( \R PROGRESSIVE IM- 
 PROVEM5TS4 -,APPLICATION4 -,I,I,I4 ,COMP>ATIVE P[]S ( S5SE &  
 REASON4 -,NATURE ( S5SUAL GRATIFICATION4 -,ITS EVID5T 9F]IORITY4 - 
 ,OBJECTION FROM ! PRIORITY ( S5SIBLE IMPRESSIONS REFUT$ FROM  
 ANALOGY -FROM ! PROGRESSIVE P[] ( O!R IMPRESSIONS -FROM EX- 
 P]I5CE4 ,9F]5CE4 -,I,V4 ,VULG> ]RORS4 -,MEAN+S ( ! WORD  
 PASSION -#a4 >DOR-#b4 DELUSION -#c4 APPETITE -( ! WORD NATURE4 - 
 ,V4 ,COROLL>IES4 -,TRU? WILL PREVAIL OV] ]ROR -CAPABLE ( BE+ ADE- 
 QUATELY COMMUNICAT$ -OMNIPOT5T4 -,VICE NOT 9CURABLE4 -,P]FECTIBILITY  
 ( MAN4 

,I,F BY ! REASONS ALREADY GIV51 WE HAVE REMOV$ ! SUPPOSITION ( ANY ORIG9AL BIAS 9 ! M9D ?AT IS 9ACCESSIBLE TO HUMAN SKILL1 & %[N ?AT ! DEFECTS TO :I* WE >E N[ SUBJECT >E NOT IRREVOCABLY 5TAIL$ UPON US1 !RE IS ANO!R QUE/ION ( NO LESS IMPORTANCE TO BE DECID$1 BE=E ! GR\ND CAN APPE> TO BE SUFFICI5TLY CLE>$ = POLITICAL MELIORATION4 ,!RE IS A DOCTR9E ! ADVOCATES ( :I* HAVE NOT BE5 LESS NUM]\S ?AN ?OSE = 9NATE PR9CIPLES & 9/9CTS1 TEA*+ 0?AT ! CONDUCT ( HUMAN BE+S 9 MANY IMPORTANT P>TICUL>S IS NOT DET]M9$ UPON ANY GR\NDS ( REASON+ & COMP>ISON1 BUT BY IMM$IATE & IRRESI/IBLE IMPRESSION1 9 DEFIANCE ( ! CONCLUSIONS & CONVICTION ( ! UND]/&+ ,MAN IS A COMP\ND BE+10 SAY ! FAVOR]S ( ?IS HYPO!SIS1 0MADE UP ( P[]S ( REASON+ & P[]S ( S5SATION4 ,!SE TWO PR9CIPLES >E 9 P]PETUAL HO/ILITY2 &1 AS REASON WILL 9 SOME CASES SUBDUE ALL ! ALLUREM5TS ( S5SE1 SO !RE >E O!RS ILL :I* ! HEADLONG IMPULSES ( S5SE WILL = EV] DEFEAT ! T>DY DECISIONS ( JUDGM5T4 ,HE ?AT %\LD ATTEMPT TO REGULATE MAN 5TIRELY BY HIS UND]/&+1 & SUP]S$E ! IRREGUL> 9FLU5CES ( MAT]IAL EXCITEM5T2 OR ?AT %\LD IMAG9E IT PRACTICABLE BY ANY PROCESS & 9 ANY L5G? ( TIME TO R$UCE ! HUMAN SPECIES UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( G5]AL TRU?2#a W\LD %[ HIMSELF PR(\NDLY IGNORANT ( SOME ( ! FIR/ LAWS ( \R NATURE40 

,?IS DOCTR9E1 :I* 9 MANY CASES HAS PASS$ SO CURR5T AS TO BE ?\<T SC>CELY A TOPIC = EXAM9ATION1 IS HI<LY WOR?Y ( A M9UTE ANALYSIS4 ,IF TRUE1 IT NO LESS ?AN ! DOCTR9E ( 9NATE PR9CIPLES OPPOSES A B> TO ! EF=TS ( PHILAN?ROPY1 & ! IMPROVEM5T ( SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,C]TA9 IT IS ?AT \R PROSPECTS ( MELIORATION DEP5D UPON ! PROGRESS ( 9QUIRY & ! G5]AL ADVANCEM5T ( KN[L$GE4 ,IF !RE=E !RE BE PO9TS1 & ?OSE IMPORTANT ONES1 9 :I*1 SO TO EXPRESS MYSELF1 KN[L$GE & ! ?9K+ PR9CIPLE 9 MAN CANNOT BE BR\<T 9TO CONTACT1 IF1 H[EV] GREAT BE ! IMPROVEM5T ( HIS REASON1 HE WILL NOT ! LESS C]TA9LY 9 MANY CASES ACT 9 A WAY IRRATIONAL & ABSURD1 ?IS CONSID]ATION MU/ GREATLY OV]CL\D ! PROSPECT ( ! MORAL RE=M]4 

,!RE IS ANO!R CONSEQU5CE ?AT WILL FL[ FROM ! VULG>LY RECEIV$ DOCTR9E UPON ?IS SUBJECT4 ,IF MAN BE1 BY ! V]Y CON/ITUTION ( HIS NATURE1 ! SUBJECT ( OP9ION1 & IF TRU? & REASON :5 PROP]LY DISPLAY$ GIVE US A COMPLETE HOLD UPON HIS *OICE1 !N ! SE>* ( ! POLITICAL 5QUIR] WILL BE MU* SIMPLIFI$4 ,!N WE HAVE ONLY TO DISCOV] :AT =M ( CIVIL SOCIETY IS MO/ CON=MABLE TO REASON1 & WE MAY RE/ ASSUR$ ?AT1 AS SOON AS M5 %ALL BE P]SUAD$ FROM CONVICTION TO ADOPT ?AT =M1 !Y WILL HAVE ACQUIR$ TO !MSELVES AN 9VALUABLE B5EFIT4 ,BUT1 IF REASON BE FREQU5TLY 9ADEQUATE TO ITS TASK1 IF !RE BE AN OPPOSITE PR9CIPLE 9 MAN RE/+ UPON ITS [N GR\ND1 & MA9TA9+ A SEP>ATE JURISDICTION1 ! MO/ RATIONAL PR9CIPLES ( SOCIETY MAY BE R5D]$ ABORTIVE1 IT MAY BE NECESS>Y TO CALL 9 M]E S5SIBLE CAUSES TO 5C\NT] CAUSES ( ! SAME NATURE1 FOLLY MAY BE ! FITTE/ 9/RUM5T TO EFFECT ! PURPOSES ( WISDOM1 & VICE TO DISSEM9ATE & E/ABLI% ! PUBLIC B5EFIT4 ,9 ?AT CASE ! SALUT>Y PREJUDICES & USEFUL DELUSIONS 7AS !Y HAVE BE5 CALL$7 ( >I/OCRACY1 ! GLITT]+ DIADEM1 ! MAGNIFIC5T CANOPY1 ! RIB&S1 />S & TITLES ( AN ILLU/RI\S RANK1 MAY AT LA/ BE F\ND ! FITTE/ 9/RUM5TS = GUID+ & ALLUR+ TO HIS PROP] 5DS ! SAVAGE1 MAN4#b 

,SU* IS ! NATURE ( ! QUE/ION TO BE EXAM9$1 & SU* ITS CONNECTION ) ! 9QUIRY CONC]N+ ! 9FLU5CE ( POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS4 

,! MORE ACCURATELY TO CONCEIVE ! TOPIC BE=E US1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO OBS]VE ?AT IT RELATES TO ! VOLUNT>Y ACTIONS ( MAN4 

,! DI/9CTION BETWE5 VOLUNT>Y & 9VOLUNT>Y ACTION1 IF PROP]LY /AT$1 IS EXCE$+LY SIMPLE4 ,?AT ACTION IS 9VOLUNT>Y :I* TAKES PLACE 9 US EI!R )\T =ESI<T ON \R P>T1 OR CONTR>Y TO ! FULL B5T ( \R 9CL9ATIONS4 ,?US1 IF A *ILD OR A P]SON ( MATURE AGE BUR/ 9TO TE>S 9 A MANN] UNEXPECT$ OR UN=ESE5 BY HIMSELF1 OR IF HE BUR/ 9TO TE>S ?\< HIS PRIDE OR ANY O!R PR9CIPLE MAKE HIM EX]T EV]Y EF=T TO RE/RA9 !M1 ?IS ACTION IS 9VOLUNT>Y4 ,VOLUNT>Y ACTION IS :]E ! EV5T IS =ESE5 PREVI\SLY TO ITS OCCURR5CE1 & ! HOPE OR FE> ( ?AT EV5T =MS ! EXCITEM5T1 OR1 AS IT IS MO/ FREQU5TLY T]M$1 ! MOTIVE1#c 9DUC+ US1 IF HOPE BE ! PASSION1 TO 5DEAVOR TO =W>D1 &1 IF FE>1 TO 5DEAVOR TO PREV5T IT4 ,IT IS ?IS MOTION1 9 ?IS MANN] G5]AT$1 TO :I* WE ANNEX ! IDEA ( VOLUNT>9ESS4 ,LET IT BE OBS]V$ ?AT ! WORD ACTION IS H]E US$ 9 ! S5SE ( NATURAL PHILOSOPH]S1 AS DESCRIPTIVE ( A *>GE TAK+ PLACE 9 ANY P>T ( ! UNIV]SE1 )\T 5T]+ 9TO ! QUE/ION :E!R ?AT *ANGE BE NECESS>Y OR FREE4 

,N[ LET US CONSID] :AT >E ! 9F]5CES ?AT IMM$IATELY RESULT FROM ! ABOVE SIMPLE & UNQUE/IONABLE EXPLANATION ( VOLUNT>Y ACTION4 

',VOLUNT>Y ACTION IS ACCOMPANI$ ) =ESI<T2 ! HOPE OR FE> ( A C]TA9 EV5T IS ITS MOTIVE4' ,BUT =ESI<T IS NOT AN AFFAIR ( SIMPLE & IMM$IATE IMPULSE3 IT IMPLIES A S]IES ( OBS]VATIONS SO EXT5SIVE AS TO 5ABLE US FROM LIKE ANTEC$5TS TO 9F] LIKE CONSEQU5TS4 ,VOLUNT>Y ACTION IS OCCASION$ BY ! IDEA ( CONSEQU5CES TO RESULT4 ,W9E IS SET BE=E ME1 & ,I FILL MY GLASS4 ,I DO ?IS EI!R BECAUSE ,I =ESEE ?AT ! FLAVOR WILL BE AGREEABLE TO MY PALATE1 OR ?AT ITS EFFECT WILL BE TO PRODUCE GAIETY & EXHIL>ATION1 OR ?AT MY DR9K+ IT WILL PROVE ! K9DNESS & GOOD HUMOR ,I FEEL T[>DS ! COMPANY ) :I* ,I AM 5GAG$4 ,IF 9 ANY CASE MY ACTION 9 FILL+ DW9DLE 9TO ME*ANICAL OR SEMI-ME*ANICAL1 DONE ) LITTLE OR NO ADV]T+ ( ! M9D TO ITS P]=MANCE1 IT SO F> BECOMES AN 9VOLUNT>Y ACTION4 ,BUT1 IF EV]Y VOLUNT>Y ACTION BE P]=M$ = ! SAKE ( ITS CONSEQU5CES1 !N 9 EV]Y VOLUNT>Y ACTION !RE IS COMP>ISON & JUDGM5T4 ,EV]Y SU* ACTION PROCE$S UPON ! APPREH5D$ TRU? ( SOME PROPOSITION4 ,! M9D DECIDES 0?IS IS GOOD0 OR 0DESIRABLE20 & IMM$IATELY UPON ?AT DECISION1 IF ACCOMPANI$ ) A P]SUASION ?AT WE >E COMPET5T TO ACCOMPLI% ?IS GOOD OR DESIRABLE ?+1 ! LIMBS PROCE$ TO !IR (FICE4 ,! M9D DECIDES 0?IS IS BETT] ?AN SOME?+ ELSE20 EI!R W9E & CORDIALS >E BE=E ME1 & ,I *OOSE ! W9E RA!R ?AN ! CORDIALS2 OR ! W9E ONLY IS PRES5T$ OR ?\<T (1 & ,I DECIDE ?AT TO TAKE ! W9E IS BETT] ?AN TO AB/A9 FROM IT4 ,?US IT APPE>S ?AT 9 EV]Y VOLUNT>Y ACTION !RE IS PREF]5CE OR *OICE1 :I* 9DE$ >E SYNONYM\S T]MS4 

,?IS FULL ELUCIDATION ( ! NATURE ( VOLUNT>Y ACTION 5ABLES US TO PROCE$ A /EP FUR!R4 ,H5CE IT APPE>S ?AT ! VOLUNT>Y ACTIONS ( M5 9 ALL CASES ORIG9ATE 9 !IR OP9IONS4 ,! ACTIONS ( M51 IT WILL READILY BE ADMITT$1 ORIG9ATE 9 ! /ATE ( !IR M9DS IMM$IATELY PREVI\S TO ?OSE ACTIONS4 ,ACTIONS !RE=E :I* >E PREC$$ BY A JUDGM5T 0?IS IS GOOD10 OR 0?IS IS DESIRABLE10 ORIG9ATE 9 ! /ATE ( JUDGM5T OR OP9ION UPON ?AT SUBJECT4 ,IT MAY HAPP5 ?AT ! OP9ION MAY BE EXCE$+LY FUGITIVE2 IT MAY HAVE BE5 PREC$$ BY AV]SION & FOLL[$ BY REMORSE2 BUT IT WAS UNQUE/IONABLY ! OP9ION ( ! M9D AT ! 9/ANT 9 :I* ! ACTION COMM5C$4 

,IT IS BY NO MEANS UN9/RUCTIVE TO REM>K H[ ?OSE P]SONS :O SEEM MO/ TO HAVE DISC>D$ ! USE ( !IR REASON HAVE FREQU5TLY FALL5 BY ACCID5T1 AS IT W]E1 UPON IMPORTANT TRU?S4 ,!RE HAS BE5 A SECT ( ,*RI/IANS :O TAU<T ?AT ! ONLY PO9T :I* WAS TO DET]M9E ! FUTURE EV]LA/+ HAPP9ESS OR MIS]Y ( MANK9D WAS !IR FAI?4 ,BE+ PRESS$ ) ! %OCK+ IMMORALITY ( !IR DOCTR9E1 & ! CRUEL & TYRANNICAL *>ACT] IT IMPUT$ TO ! AU?OR ( ! UNIV]SE1 SOME ( ! MO/ +5I\S ( !M HAVE EXPLA9$ !MSELVES ?US4 

0,MAN IS MADE UP ( TWO P>TS1 HIS 9T]NAL S5TIM5TS & HIS EXT]NAL CONDUCT4 ,BETWE5 !SE TWO !RE IS A CLOSE & 9DISSOLUBLE CONNECTION2 AS >E HIS S5TIM5TS SO IS HIS CONDUCT4 ,FAI?1 ?AT FAI? :I* ALONE 5TITLES TO SALVATION1 IS 9DE$ A MAN'S OP9ION1 BUT NOT EV]Y OP9ION HE MAY HAPP5 OP5LY TO PR(ESS1 NOT EV]Y OP9ION :I* FLOATS IDLY 9 HIS BRA91 & IS ONLY RECOLLECT$ :5 HE IS GRAVELY QUE/ION$ UPON ! SUBJECT4 ,FAI? IS ! OP9ION ?AT IS ALWAYS PRES5T TO ! M9D1 ?AT LIVES 9 ! MEMORY1 OR AT LEA/ 9FALLIBLY SUGGE/S ITSELF :5 ANY >TICLE ( CONDUCT IS CONSID]$ ) :I* IT IS MAT]IALLY CONNECT$4 ,FAI? IS ?AT /RONG1 P]MAN5T & LIVELY P]SUASION ( ! UND]/&+ ) :I* NO DELUSIVE TEMPTATIONS WILL EV] BE ABLE SUCCESSFULLY TO CONT5D4 ,FAI? MODIFIES ! CONDUCT1 GIVES A NEW DIRECTION TO ! DISPOSITIONS1 & R5D]S ! :OLE *>ACT] PURE & HEAV5LY4 ,BUT HEAV5LY DISPOSITIONS ONLY CAN FIT A MAN = ! 5JOYM5T ( HEAV54 ,HEAV5 9 REALITY IS NOT SO PROP]LY A PLACE AS A /ATE ( ! M9D2 &1 IF A WICK$ MAN C\LD BE 9TRODUC$ 9TO ! SOCIETY ( 'SA9TS MADE P]FECT1' HE W\LD BE MIS]ABLE4 ,GOD !RE=E1 :5 HE REQUIRES FAI? ALONE AS A QUALIFICATION = HEAV51 IS SO F> FROM BE+ >BITR>Y ?AT HE M]ELY EXECUTES ! LAWS ( REASON1 & DOES ! ONLY ?+ IT WAS POSSIBLE = HIM TO DO40 

,9 ?IS SY/EM !RE >E 5ORM\S ABSURDITIES1 BUT ! VIEW IT EXHIBITS ( ! S\RCE ( VOLUNT>Y ACTION1 SUFFICI5TLY CORRESPONDS ) ! ANALYSIS WE HAVE GIV5 ( ! SUBJECT4 

,! AU?OR ( ! ,*>ACT]I/ICS HAS ILLU/RAT$ ?IS BRAN* ( ! NATURE ( MAN 9 A V]Y MA/]LY MANN]4 ,HE OBS]VES3 0,!RE >E FEW :O ?9K ALWAYS CONSI/5TLY1 OR ACCORD+ TO ONE C]TA9 HYPO!SIS UPON ANY SUBJECT SO AB/RUSE & 9TRICATE AS ! CAUSE ( ALL ?+S & ! ECONOMY OR GOV]NM5T ( ! UNIV]SE4 ,= IT IS EVID5T 9 ! CASE ( ! MO/ DEV\T PEOPLE1 EV5 BY !IR [N CONFESSION1 ?AT !RE >E TIMES :5 !IR FAI? H>DLY CAN SUPPORT !M 9 ! BELIEF ( A SUPREME1 WISDOM2 & ?AT !Y >E (T5 TEMPT$ TO JUDGE DISADVANTAGE\SLY ( A PROVID5CE & JU/ ADM9I/RATION 9 ! :OLE4 

0,?AT ALONE !RE=E IS TO BE CALL$ A MAN'S OP9ION1 :I* IS ( ANY O!R ! MO/ HABITUAL TO HIM1 & OCCURS UPON MO/ OCCASIONS4 ,SO ?AT IT IS H>D TO PRON\NCE C]TA9LY ( ANY MAN1 ?AT HE IS AN A!I/2 BECAUSE1 UNLESS HIS :OLE ?\<TS >E AT ALL SEASONS & ON ALL OCCASIONS /EADILY B5T AGA9/ ALL SUPPOSITION OR IMAG9ATION ( DESIGN 9 ?+S1 HE IS NO P]FECT A!I/4 ,9 ! SAME MANN]1 IF A MAN'S ?\<TS >E NOT AT ALL TIMES /EADY & RESOLUTE AGA9/ ALL IMAG9ATION ( *ANCE1 =TUNE1 OR ILL DESIGN 9 ?+S1 HE IS NO P]FECT !I/4 ,BUT1 IF ANY ONE BELIEVES MORE ( *ANCE & CONFUSION ?AN ( DESIGN1 HE IS TO BE E/EEM$ MORE AN A!I/ ?AN A !I/ .<?IS IS SURELY NOT A V]Y ACCURATE OR LIB]AL VIEW ( ! A!I/ICAL SY/EM.> FROM ?AT :I* MO/ PR$OM9ATES1 OR HAS ! ASC5DANT4 ,&1 9 CASE HE BELIEVES MORE ( ! PREVAL5CY ( AN ILL DESIGN+ PR9CIPLE ?AN ( A GOOD ONE1 HE IS RA!R A DEMONI/1 & MAY BE JU/LY SO CALL$1 FROM ! SIDE TO :I* ! BALANCE OR HIS JUDGM5T MO/ 9CL9ES4'#d 

,FROM ?IS VIEW ( ! SUBJECT WE %ALL EASILY BE L$ TO P]CEIVE H[ LITTLE ! FACT ( ! V>IABL5ESS & 9CON/ANCY ( HUMAN CONDUCT IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! PR9CIPLE H]E DELIV]$1 ?AT ! VOLUNT>Y ACTIONS ( M5 9 ALL CASES ORIG9ATE 9 !IR OP9IONS4 ,! P]SUASION ?AT EXI/S 9 ! M9D ( ! DRUNK>D 9 COMMITT+ HIS FIR/ ACT ( 9TOXICATION1 ?AT 9 SO DO+ HE COMPLIES ) ! MO/ COG5T & IRRESI/IBLE REASON CAPABLE ( BE+ ASSIGN$ UPON ! SUBJECT1 MAY BE EXCE$+LY TEMPOR>Y2 BUT IT IS ! CLE> & UNEQUIVOCAL P]SUASION ( HIS M9D AT ! MOM5T ?AT HE DET]M9ES UPON ! ACTION4 ,! ?\<TS ( ! MURD]] WILL FREQU5TLY BE 9 A /ATE ( ! MO/ TEMPE/U\S FLUCTUATION2 HE MAY MAKE & UNMAKE HIS DIABOLICAL PURPOSE FIFTY TIMES 9 AN H\R2 HIS M9D MAY BE TORN A ?\S& WAYS BY T]ROR & FURY1 MALIGNITY & REMORSE4 ,BUT1 :5EV] HIS RESOLUTION IS =M$1 IT IS =M$ UPON ! SUGGE/IONS ( ! RATIONAL FACULTY2 &1 :5 HE ULTIMATELY WORKS UP HIS M9D TO ! P]PETRATION1 HE IS !N MO/ /RONGLY IMPRESS$ ) ! SUP]IOR RECOMM5DATIONS ( ! CONDUCT HE PURSUES4 ,ONE ( ! FALLACIES BY :I* WE >E MO/ FREQU5TLY 9DUC$ TO A CONDUCT :I* \R HABITUAL JUDGM5T DISAPPROVES IS ?AT \R ATT5TION BECOMES SO 5GROSS$ BY A P>TICUL> VIEW ( ! SUBJECT AS :OLLY TO =GET1 = ! MOM5T1 ?OSE CONSID]ATIONS :I* AT O!R TIMES W]E ACCU/OM$ TO DET]M9E \R OP9ION4 ,9 SU* CASES IT FREQU5TLY HAPP5S ?AT ! NEGLECT$ CONSID]ATION RECURS ! 9/ANT ! HURRY ( ACTION HAS SUBSID$1 & WE /& A/ONI%$ AT \R [N 9FATUATION & FOLLY4 

,?IS REASON+1 H[EV] CLE> & IRRESI/IBLE IT MAY APPE>1 IS YET EXPOS$ TO ONE V]Y /RIK+ OBJECTION4 0,ACCORD+ TO ! IDEAS H]E DELIV]$1 M5 ALWAYS PROCE$ 9 !IR VOLUNT>Y ACTIONS UPON JUDGM5TS EXTANT TO !IR UND]/&+4 ,SU* JUDGM5TS MU/ BE ATT5D$ ) CONSCI\SNESS2 &1 W]E ?IS HYPO!SIS A S\ND ONE1 NO?+ C\LD BE MORE EASY ?AN = A MAN 9 ALL CASES TO ASSIGN ! PRECISE REASON ?AT 9DUC$ HIM TO ANY P>TICUL> ACTION4 ,! HUMAN M9D W\LD !N BE A V]Y SIMPLE MA*9E1 ALWAYS AW>E ( ! GR\NDS UPON :I* IT PROCE$$1 & SELF-DECEPTION W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,BUT ?IS /ATEM5T IS COMPLETELY 9 OPPOSITION TO EXP]I5CE & HI/ORY4 ,ASK A MAN ! REASON :Y HE PUTS ON HIS CLO!S1 :Y HE EATS HIS D9N]1 OR P]=MS ANY O!R ORD9>Y ACTION ( HIS LIFE4 ,HE IMM$IATELY HESITATES1 5DEAVORS TO RECOLLECT HIMSELF1 & (T5 ASSIGNS A REASON ! MO/ REMOTE FROM :AT ! TRUE PHILOSOPHY ( MOTIVE W\LD HAVE L$ US TO EXPECT4 ,NO?+ IS MORE DE> ?AN ?AT ( ! MOV+ CAUSE ( ?IS ACTION WAS NOT EXPRESSLY PRES5T TO HIS APPREH5SION AT ! TIME HE P]=M$ IT4 ,SELF-DECEPTION IS SO F> FROM IMPOSSIBLE ?AT IT IS ONE ( ! MO/ ORD9>Y PH5OM5A ) :I* WE >E ACQUA9T$4 ,NO?+ IS MORE USUAL ?AN = A MAN TO IMPUTE HIS ACTIONS TO HONORABLE MOTIVES1 :5 IT IS NE>LY DEMON/RABLE ?AT !Y FL[$ FROM SOME CORRUPT & CONTEMPTIBLE S\RCE4 ,ON ! O!R H& MANY P]SONS SUPPOSE !MSELVES TO BE WORSE ?AN AN IMP>TIAL SPECTATOR WILL F9D ANY GOOD REASON TO BELIEVE !M4 ,A P5ETRAT+ OBS]V] WILL FREQU5TLY BE ABLE TO CONV9CE HIS NEI<BOR ?AT UPON SU* AN OCCASION HE WAS ACTUAT$ BY MOTIVES V]Y DIFF]5T FROM :AT HE IMAG9$4 ,PHILOSOPH]S TO ?IS H\R DISPUTE :E!R HUMAN BE+S 9 !IR MO/ VIRTU\S EX]TIONS >E UND] ! P[] ( DIS9T]E/$ B5EVOL5CE1 OR M]ELY ( AN 5LI<T5$ SELF-9T]E/4 ,H]E !N WE >E PRES5T$1 9 ONE OR O!R ( !SE SETS ( PHILOSOPH]S1 ) A /RIK+ 9/ANCE ( M5'S ACT+ FROM MOTIVES DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSITE TO ?OSE :I* !Y SUPPOSE TO BE ! GUIDES ( !IR CONDUCT4 ,SELF-EXAM9ATION IS TO A PROV]B ONE ( ! MO/ >DU\S ( ?OSE TASKS :I* TRUE VIRTUE IMPOSES4 ,>E NOT !SE FACTS 9 EXPRESS CONTRADICTION TO ! DOCTR9E ?AT ! VOLUNT>Y ACTIONS ( M5 9 ALL CASES ORIG9ATE 9 ! JUDGM5TS ( ! UND]/&+80 

,UND\BT$LY ! FACTS :I* HAVE BE5 H]E 5UM]AT$ APPE> TO BE /RICTLY TRUE4 ,TO DET]M9E H[ F> !Y AFFECT ! DOCTR9E ( ! PRES5T *APT]1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO RETURN TO \R ANALYSIS ( ! PH5OM5A ( ! HUMAN M9D4 ,HI!RTO WE HAVE CONSID]$ ! ACTIONS ( HUMAN BE+S ONLY UND] TWO CLASSES1 VOLUNT>Y & 9VOLUNT>Y4 ,9 /RICTNESS H[EV] !RE IS A ?IRD CLASS1 :I* BELONGS TO NEI!R1 YET P>TAKES ( ! NATURE ( BO?4 

,WE HAVE ALREADY DEF9$ VOLUNT>Y ACTION TO BE ?AT ( :I* C]TA9 CONSEQU5CES1 =ESE51 & CONSID]$ EI!R AS OBJECTS ( DESIRE OR AV]SION1 >E ! MOTIVE4 ,=ESI<T & VOLITION >E 9SEP>ABLE4 ,BUT :AT IS =ESE5 MU/1 BY ! V]Y T]MS1 BE PRES5T TO ! UND]/&+4 ,EV]Y ACTION !RE=E1 SO F> AS IT IS P]FECTLY VOLUNT>Y1 FL[S SOLELY FROM ! DECISION ( ! JUDGM5T4 ,BUT ! ACTIONS ABOVE CIT$1 SU* AS RELATE TO \R G>M5TS & \R FOOD1 >E ONLY IMP]FECTLY VOLUNT>Y4#e 

,9 RESPECT ( VOLITION !RE APPE> TO BE TWO /AGES 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! HUMAN M9D4 ,=ESI<T IS ! RESULT ( EXP]I5CE2 !RE=E =ESI<T1 & BY P>ITY ( REASON+ VOLITION1 CANNOT 5T] 9TO ! E>LIE/ ACTIONS ( A HUMAN BE+4 ,AS SOON H[EV] AS ! 9FANT P]CEIVES ! CONNECTION BETWE5 C]TA9 ATTITUDES & GE/URES & ! CIRCUM/ANCE ( RECEIV+ SU*1 = EXAMPLE1 HE IS BR\<T TO DESIRE ?OSE PRELIM9>IES = ! SAKE ( ?AT RESULT4 ,H]E1 SO F> AS RELATES TO VOLITION & ! JUDGM5T ( ! UND]/&+1 ! ACTION IS AS SIMPLE AS CAN WELL BE IMAG9$4 ,YET1 EV5 9 ?IS 9/ANCE1 ! MOTIVE MAY BE SAID TO BE COMPLEX4 ,HABIT1 OR CU/OM1 HAS ITS %>E4 ,?IS HABIT IS F\ND$ 9 ACTIONS ORIG9ALLY 9VOLUNT>Y & ME*ANICAL1 & MODIFIES AFT] V>I\S ME?ODS SU* ( \R ACTIONS AS >E VOLUNT>Y4 

,BUT !RE >E HABITS ( A SECOND SORT4 ,9 PROPORTION AS \R EXP]I5CE 5L>GES1 ! SUBJECTS ( VOLUNT>Y ACTION BECOME MORE NUM]\S4 ,9 ?IS /ATE ( ! HUMAN BE+1 HE SOON COMES TO P]CEIVE A CONSID]ABLE SIMIL>ITY BETWE5 SITUATION & SITUATION4 ,9 CONSEQU5CE HE FEELS 9CL9$ TO ABRIDGE ! PROCESS ( DELIB]ATION1 & TO ACT TODAY CON=MABLY TO ! DET]M9ATION ( YE/]DAY4 ,?US ! UND]/&+ FIXES = ITSELF RE/+ PLACES1 IS NO LONG] A NOVICE1 & IS NOT AT ! TR\BLE CONT9UALLY TO GO BACK & REVISE ! ORIG9AL REASONS :I* DET]M9$ IT TO A C\RSE ( ACTION4 ,?US ! MAN ACQUIRE HABITS FROM :I* IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO WEAN HIM1 & :I* HE OBEYS )\T BE+ ABLE TO ASSIGN EI!R TO HIMSELF OR O!RS ANY EXPLICIT REASON = HIS PROCE$+4 ,?IS IS ! HI/ORY ( PREPOSSESSION & PREJUDICE4 

,LET US CONSID] H[ MU* !RE IS ( VOLUNT>Y1 & H[ MU* ( 9VOLUNT>Y 9 ?IS SPECIES ( ACTION4 ,LET ! 9/ANCE BE ( A MAN GO+ TO *UR* TODAY4 ,HE HAS BE5 ACCU/OM$1 SUPPOSE1 TO A C]TA9 R\T9E ( ?IS K9D FROM HIS *ILDHOOD4 ,MO/ UND\BT$LY !N1 9 P]=M+ ?IS FUNCTION TODAY1 HIS MOTIVE DOES NOT S+LY CONSI/ ( 9DUCEM5TS PRES5T TO HIS UND]/&+4 ,HIS FEEL+S >E NOT ( ! SAME NATURE AS ?OSE ( A MAN :O %\LD BE P]SUAD$ BY A TRA9 ( REASON+ TO P]=M ?AT FUNCTION = ! FIR/ TIME 9 HIS LIFE4 ,HIS CASE IS P>TLY SIMIL> TO ?AT ( A S*OL> :O HAS GONE ?R\< A C\RSE ( GEOMETRY1 & :O N[ BELIEVES ! TRU? ( ! PROPOSITIONS UPON ! TE/IMONY ( HIS MEMORY1 ?\< ! PRO(S >E BY NO MEANS PRES5T TO HIS UND]/&+4 ,?US ! P]SON 9 QUE/ION1 IS P>TLY 9DUC$ TO GO TO *UR* BY REASONS :I* ONCE APPE>$ SUFFICI5T TO HIS UND]/&+1 & ! EFFECTS ( :I* REMA91 ?\< ! REASONS >E N[ =GOTT51 OR AT LEA/ >E NOT CONT9UALLY RECOLLECT$4 ,HE GOES P>TLY = ! SAKE ( DECORUM1 *>ACT]1 & TO SECURE ! GOOD WILL ( HIS NEI<BORS4 ,A P>T ( HIS 9DUCEM5T ALSO P]HAPS IS ?AT HIS P>5TS ACCU/OM$ HIM TO GO TO *UR* AT FIR/1 FROM ! M]E =CE ( AU?ORITY1 & ?AT ! OMISSION ( A HABIT TO :I* WE HAVE BE5 =M$ IS APT TO FIT AWKW>DLY & UNEASILY UPON ! HUMAN M9D4 ,?US IT HAPP5S ?AT A MAN :O %\LD SCRUPUL\SLY EXAM9E HIS [N CONDUCT 9 GO+ TO *UR* W\LD F9D GREAT DIFFICULTY 9 SATISFY+ HIS M9D AS TO ! PRECISE MOTIVE1 OR PROPORTION CONTRIBUT$ BY DIFF]5T MOTIVES1 :I* MA9TA9$ HIS ADH]5CE TO ?AT PRACTICE4 

,IT IS PROBABLE H[EV] ?AT1 :5 HE GOES TO *UR*1 HE DET]M9ES ?AT ?IS ACTION IS RI<T1 PROP] OR EXP$I5T1 REF]R+ = ! REASONS :I* PROVE ?IS RECTITUDE OR EXP$I5CY TO ! COMPLEX IMPRESSION :I* REMA9S 9 HIS M9D1 FROM ! 9DUCEM5TS ?AT AT DIFF]5T TIMES 9CL9$ HIM TO ?AT PRACTICE4 ,IT IS /ILL MORE REASONABLE TO BELIEVE ?AT1 :5 HE SETS \T1 !RE IS AN EXPRESS VOLITION1 =ESI<T OR APPREH5D$ MOTIVE 9DUC+ HIM TO ?AT P>TICUL> ACTION1 & ?AT HE PROCE$S 9 SU* A DIRECTION BECAUSE HE KN[S IT LEADS TO ! *UR*4 ,N[1 SO MU* ( ?IS ACTION AS PROCE$S FROM ACTUALLY EXI/+ =ESI<T & APPREH5D$ MOTIVE1 IT IS PROP] TO CALL P]FECTLY VOLUNT>Y4 ,SO MU* AS PROCE$S UPON A MOTIVE1 \T ( SI<T1 & ! OP]ATION ( :I* DEP5DS UPON HABIT1 IS IMP]FECTLY VOLUNT>Y4 

,?IS SORT ( HABIT H[EV] MU/ BE ADMITT$ TO RETA9 SOME?+ ( ! NATURE ( VOLUNT>9ESS = TWO REASONS4 ,FIR/1 IT PROCE$S UPON JUDGM5T1 OR APPREH5D$ MOTIVES1 ?\< ! REASONS ( ?AT JUDGM5T BE \T ( SI<T & =GOTT52 AT ! TIME ! 9DIVIDUAL P]=M$ ! FIR/ ACTION ( ! K9D1 HIS PROCE$+ WAS P]FECTLY VOLUNT>Y4 ,SECONDLY1 ! CU/OM ( LANGUAGE AU?ORIZES US 9 D5OM9AT+ EV]Y ACTION AS 9 SOME DEGREE VOLUNT>Y :I* A VOLITION1 =ESI<T OR APPREH5D$ MOTIVE 9 CONTR>Y DIRECTION MI<T HAVE PREV5T$ FROM TAK+ PLACE4 

,P]HAPS NO ACTION ( A MAN >RIV$ AT YE>S ( MATURITY IS1 9 ! S5SE ABOVE DEF9$1 P]FECTLY VOLUNT>Y2 AS !RE IS NO DEMON/RATION 9 ! HI<] BRAN*ES ( ! MA!MATICS :I* CONTA9S ! :OLE ( ITS PRO( )9 ITSELF1 & DOES NOT DEP5D UPON =M] PROPOSITIONS1 ! PRO(S ( :I* >E NOT PRES5T TO ! M9D ( ! LE>N]4 ,! SUBTLETY ( ! HUMAN M9D 9 ?IS RESPECT IS 9CR$IBLE4 ,MANY S+LE ACTIONS1 IF C>EFULLY ANALYZ$ & TRAC$ TO !IR REMOTE/ S\RCE1 W\LD BE F\ND TO BE ! COMPLEX RESULT ( DIFF]5T MOTIVES1 TO ! AM\NT P]HAPS ( SOME HUNDR$S4 

,9 ! MEANTIME IT IS OBVI\S TO REM>K ?AT ! P]FECTION ( ! HUMAN *>ACT] CONSI/S 9 APPROA*+ AS NE>LY AS POSSIBLE TO ! P]FECTLY VOLUNT>Y /ATE4 ,WE \<T TO BE UPON ALL OCCASIONS PREP>$ TO R5D] A REASON ( \R ACTIONS4 ,WE %\LD REMOVE \RSELVES TO ! FUR!/ DI/ANCE FROM ! /ATE ( M]E 9ANIMATE MA*9ES1 ACT$ UPON BY CAUSES ( :I* !Y HAVE NO UND]/&+4 ,WE %\LD BE CAUTI\S ( ?9K+ IT A SUFFICI5T REASON = AN ACTION ?AT WE >E ACCU/OM$ TO P]=M IT1 & ?AT WE ONCE ?\<T IT RI<T4 ,! HUMAN UND]/&+ HAS SO P[]FUL A T5D5CY TO IMPROVEM5T ?AT IT IS MORE ?AN PROBABLE ?AT1 9 MANY 9/ANCES1 ! >GUM5TS :I* ONCE APPE>$ TO US SUFFICI5T W\LD UPON REEXAM9ATION APPE> 9ADEQUATE & FUTILE4 ,WE %\LD !RE=E SUBJECT !M TO P]PETUAL REVISAL4 ,9 \R SPECULATIVE OP9IONS & \R PRACTICAL PR9CIPLES WE %\LD NEV] CONSID] ! BOOK ( 9QUIRY AS %UT4 ,WE %\LD ACCU/OM \RSELVES NOT TO =GET ! REASONS ?AT PRODUC$ \R DET]M9ATION1 BUT BE READY UPON ALL OCCASIONS CLE>LY TO ANN\NCE & FULLY TO 5UM]ATE !M4 

,HAV+ ?US EXPLA9$ ! NATURE ( HUMAN ACTIONS1 9VOLUNT>Y1 IMP]FECTLY VOLUNT>Y & VOLUNT>Y1 LET US CONSID] H[ F> ?IS EXPLANATION AFFECTS ! DOCTR9E ( ! PRES5T *APT]4 ,N[ IT %\LD SEEM ?AT ! GREAT PRACTICAL POLITICAL PR9CIPLE REMA9S AS 5TIRE AS EV]4 ,/ILL VOLITION & =ESI<T1 9 !IR /RICT & ACCURATE CON/RUCTION1 >E 9SEP>ABLE4 ,ALL ! MO/ IMPORTANT OCCASIONS ( \R LIVES >E CAPABLE ( BE+ SUBJECT$ AT PLEASURE TO A DECISION1 AS NE>LY AS POSSIBLE1 P]FECTLY VOLUNT>Y4 ,/ILL IT REMA9S TRUE ?AT1 :5 ! UND]/&+ CLE>LY P]CEIVES RECTITUDE1 PROPRIETY & ELIGIBILITY TO BELONG TO A C]TA9 CONDUCT1 & SO LONG AS IT HAS ?AT P]CEPTION1 ?AT CONDUCT WILL 9FALLIBLY BE ADOPT$4 ,A P]CEPTION ( TRU? WILL 9EVITABLY BE PRODUC$ BY A CLE> EVID5CE BR\<T HOME TO ! UND]/&+1 & ! CON/ANCY ( ! P]CEPTION WILL BE PROPORTION$ TO ! APPREH5D$ VALUE ( ! ?+ P]CEIV$4 ,REASON !RE=E & CONVICTION /ILL APPE> TO BE ! PROP] 9/RUM5T1 & ! SUFFICI5T 9/RUM5T = REGULAT+ ! ACTIONS ( MANK9D4 

,HAV+ SUFFICI5TLY E/ABLI%$ ! PR9CIPLE ?AT 9 ALL CASES ( VOLITION WE ACT1 NOT FROM IMPULSE1 BUT OP9ION1 !RE IS A FUR!R OB/ACLE TO BE REMOV$ BE=E ?IS REASON+ CAN BE USEFULLY APPLI$ TO ! SUBJECT ( POLITICAL MELIORATION4 ,IT MAY BE OBJECT$1 BY A P]SON :O %\LD ADMIT ! =CE ( ! ABOVE >GUM5TS1 0?AT LITTLE WAS GA9$ BY ?IS EXPOSITION TO ! CAUSE IT WAS 9T5D$ TO PROMOTE4 ,:E!R OR NO ! ACTIONS ( M5 FREQU5TLY >ISE1 AS SOME AU?ORS HAVE ASS]T$1 FROM IMM$IATE IMPRESSION1 IT CANNOT H[EV] BE D5I$ ?AT ! P]TURBATIONS ( S5SE FREQU5TLY S$UCE ! JUDGM5T1 & ?AT ! IDEAS & TEMPOR>Y NOTIONS !Y PRODUCE >E TOO /RONG = ANY =CE ?AT CAN BE BR\<T AGA9/ !M4 ,BUT1 :AT MAN IS N[ 9 ?IS RESPECT HE WILL ALWAYS TO A C]TA9 DEGREE REMA94 ,HE WILL ALWAYS HAVE S5SES1 &1 9 SPITE ( ALL ! ATTEMPTS :I* CAN BE MADE TO MORTIFY !M1 !IR PLEASURES WILL ALWAYS BE ACCOMPANI$ ) IRRITATION & ALLUREM5T4 ,H5CE IT APPE>S ?AT ALL IDEAS ( VA/ & EXTRAORD9>Y IMPROVEM5T 9 MAN >E VISION>Y1 ?AT HE WILL ALWAYS REMA9 9 SOME DEGREE ! DUPE ( ILLUSION1 & ?AT REASON1 & ABSOLUTE1 IMP>TIAL TRU?1 CAN NEV] HOPE TO POSSESS HIM 5TIRE40 

,! FIR/ OBS]VATION ?AT SUGGE/S ITSELF UPON ?IS /ATEM5T IS ?AT ! PO9TS ALREADY E/ABLI%$ T5D 9 SOME DEGREE TO SET ?IS NEW QUE/ION 9 A CLE>] LI<T4 ,FROM !M IT MAY BE 9F]R$ ?AT ! CONT5D+ =CES ( REASON & S5SE1 9 ! P[] !Y EX]CISE OV] \R CONDUCT1 AT LEA/ PASS ?R\< ! SAME M$IUM1 & ASSUME ! SAME =M4 ,IT IS OP9ION CONT5D+ ) OP9ION1 & JUDGM5T ) JUDGM5T2 & ?IS CONSID]ATION IS NOT UNATT5D$ ) 5C\RAGEM5T4 ,:5 WE DISC\RSE ( ! COMP>ATIVE P[]S ( APPETITE & REASON1 WE SPEAK ( ?OSE ACTIONS :I* HAVE ! CONS5T ( ! M9D1 & P>TAKE ( ! NATURE ( VOLUNT>Y4 ,! QUE/ION NEI!R IS NOR DES]VES TO BE RESPECT+ CASES :]E NO *OICE IS EX]T$1 & NO PREF]5CE %[N4 ,EV]Y MAN IS AW>E ?AT ! CASES 9TO :I* VOLITION 5T]S EI!R = A P>T OR ! :OLE >E SUFFICI5TLY NUM]\S TO DECIDE UPON ALL ?AT IS MO/ IMPORTANT 9 ! EV5TS ( \R LIFE4 ,IT FOLL[S !RE=E ?AT1 9 ! CONT5TION ( S5SE & REASON1 IT CANNOT BE IMPROBABLE TO HOPE ?AT ! OP9ION :I* IS 9TR9SICALLY ! BE/ F\ND$ %ALL ULTIMATELY PREVAIL4 

,BUT LET US EXAM9E A LITTLE M9UTELY !SE PLEASURES ( S5SE1 ! ATTRACTIONS ( :I* >E SUPPOS$ TO BE SO IRRESI/IBLE4 ,9 REALITY !Y >E 9 NO WAY 5ABL$ TO MA9TA9 !IR HOLD UPON US BUT BY MEANS ( ! ADSCITITI\S ORNAM5TS ) :I* !Y >E ASSIDU\SLY CONNECT$4 ,R$UCE !M TO !IR TRUE NAK$NESS1 & !Y W\LD BE G5]ALLY DESPIS$4 ,:]E ALMO/ IS ! MAN :O W\LD SIT D[N ) IMPATI5T EAG]NESS TO ! MO/ SPL5DID FEA/1 ! MO/ EXQUISITE VI&S & HI<LY FLAVOR$ W9ES1 0TA/E AFT] TA/E UPHELD ) K9DLIE/ *ANGE10#f IF HE MU/ SIT D[N ALONE1 & IT W]E NOT RELIEV$ & ASSI/$ BY ! MORE EXALT$ *>MS ( SOCIETY1 CONV]SATION & MUTUAL B5EVOL5CE8 ,/RIP ! COMM]CE ( ! SEXES ( ALL ITS ATT5DANT CIRCUM/ANCES2 & ! EFFECT W\LD BE SIMIL>4 ,TELL A MAN ?AT ALL WOM51 SO F> AS S5SE IS CONC]N$1 >E NE>LY ALIKE4 ,BID HIM !RE=E TAKE A P>TN] )\T ANY ATT5TION TO ! SYMMETRY ( H] P]SON1 H] VIVACITY1 ! VOLUPTU\S S(TNESS ( H] TEMP]1 ! AFFECTIONATE K9DNESS ( H] FEEL+S1 H] IMAG9ATION OR H] WIT4 ,Y\ W\LD PROBABLY 9/ANTLY CONV9CE HIM ?AT ! COMM]CE ITSELF1 :I* BY SUP]FICIAL OBS]V]S IS PUT = ! :OLE1 IS ! LEA/ IMPORTANT BRAN* ( ! COMPLICAT$ CONSID]ATION TO :I* IT BELONGS4 ,IT IS PROBABLE ?AT HE :O %\LD =M HIMSELF ) ! GREATE/ C>E UPON A SY/EM ( SOLIT>Y S5SUALISM W\LD COME AT LA/ TO A DECISION NOT V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ?AT :I* ,EPICURUS IS SAID TO HAVE ADOPT$ 9 FAVOR ( FRE% H]BS & WAT] FROM ! SPR+4 

0,BUT LET IT BE CONFESS$ ?AT ! PLEASURES ( S5SE >E UNIMPORTANT & TRIVIAL4 ,IT IS NEXT TO BE ASK$ :E!R1 TRIFL+ AS !Y >E1 !Y MAY NOT NEV]!LESS POSSESS A DELUSIVE & TREA*]\S P[] BY MEANS ( :I* !Y MAY (T5 BE 5ABL$ TO OV]COME EV]Y OPPOSITION80 

,! BETT] TO DET]M9E ?IS QUE/ION1 LET US SUPPOSE A MAN TO BE 5GAG$ 9 ! PROGRESSIVE VOLUPTU\SNESS ( ! MO/ S5SUAL SC5E4 ,H]E1 IF EV]1 WE MAY EXPECT S5SATION TO BE TRIUMPHANT4 ,PASSION IS 9 ?IS CASE 9 ITS FULL C>E]4 ,HE IMPATI5TLY %UTS \T EV]Y CONSID]ATION ?AT MAY DI/URB HIS 5JOYM5T2 MORAL VIEWS & DISSUASIVES CAN NO LONG] OBTRUDE !MSELVES 9TO HIS M9D2 HE RESIGNS HIMSELF1 )\T P[] ( RESI/ANCE1 TO HIS PR$OM9ANT IDEA4 ,ALAS1 9 ?IS SITUATION1 NO?+ IS SO EASY AS TO EXT+UI% HIS S5SUALITY6 ,TELL HIM AT ?IS MOM5T ?AT HIS FA!R IS DEAD1 ?AT HE HAS LO/ OR GA9$ A CONSID]ABLE SUM ( MONEY1 OR EV5 ?AT HIS FAVORITE HORSE IS /OL5 FROM ! MEAD[1 & HIS :OLE PASSION %ALL BE 9/ANTLY ANNIHILAT$3 SO VA/ IS ! P[] :I* A M]E PROPOSITION POSSESSES OV] ! M9D ( MAN4 ,SO CONSCI\S >E WE ( ! PREC>I\SNESS ( ! FASC9ATION ( ! S5SES ?AT UPON SU* OCCASIONS WE PROVIDE AGA9/ ! SLI<TE/ 9T]RUPTION4 ,IF \R LITTLE F+] A*$1 WE MI<T PROBABLY IMM$IATELY BID ADIEU TO ! EMPIRE ( ?IS SUPPOS$ ALMI<TY P[]4 ,IT IS SAID TO BE AN EXP]IM5T SUCCESSFULLY MADE BY SAILORS & P]SONS 9 ?AT CLASS ( SOCIETY1 TO LAY A WAG] ) !IR COMRADES ?AT ! SEXUAL 9T]C\RSE %ALL NOT TAKE PLACE BETWE5 !M & !IR B$FELL[ ! 5SU+ NI<T1 & TO TRU/ TO !IR V]ACITY = A CONFESSION ( ! EV5T4 ,! ONLY MEANS PROBABLY BY :I* ANY MAN EV] SUCCE$S 9 9DULG+ ! PLEASURES ( S5SE1 9 CONTRADICTION TO ! HABITUAL P]SUASION ( HIS JUDGM5T1 IS BY CONTRIV+ TO =GET EV]Y?+ ?AT CAN BE (F]$ AGA9/ !M4 ,IF1 NOT)/&+ ALL HIS 5DEAVORS1 ! UNWI%$ = IDEA 9TRUDES1 ! 9DULG5CE 9/ANTLY BECOMES IMPOSSIBLE4 ,IS IT TO BE SUPPOS$ ?AT ! P[] ( S5SUAL ALLUREM5T1 :I* MU/ BE C>EFULLY KEPT ALIVE1 & :I* ! SLI<TE/ ACCID5T OV]?R[S1 CAN BE 9V9CIBLE ONLY TO ! >TILL]Y ( REASON1 & ?AT ! MO/ IRRESI/IBLE CONSID]ATIONS ( JU/ICE1 9T]E/ & HAPP9ESS WILL NEV] BE ABLE HABITUALLY TO CONTROL IT8 

,TO CONSID] ! SUBJECT 9 ANO!R PO9T ( VIEW4 ,IT SEEMS TO BE A /RANGE ABSURDITY TO HE> M5 ASS]T ?AT ! ATTRACTIONS ( S5SUAL PLEASURE >E IRRESI/IBLE1 9 CONTRADICTION TO ! MULTIPLI$ EXP]I5CE ( ALL AGES & C\NTRIES4 ,>E ALL GOOD /ORIES ( \R NATURE FALSE8 ,DID NO MAN EV] RESI/ TEMPTATION8 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 HAVE NOT ALL ! CONSID]ATIONS :I* HAVE P[] OV] \R HOPES1 \R FE>S1 OR \R WEAKNESSES BE51 9 COMPETITION ) A FIRM & MANLY VIRTUE1 EMPLOY$ 9 VA98 ,BUT :AT HAS BE5 DONE MAY BE DONE AGA94 ,:AT HAS BE5 DONE BY 9DIVIDUALS CANNOT BE IMPOSSIBLE1 9 A WIDELY DIFF]5T /ATE ( SOCIETY1 TO BE DONE BY ! :OLE SPECIES4 

,! SY/EM WE >E H]E COMBAT+1 ( ! IRRESI/IBLE P[] ( S5SUAL ALLUREM5TS1 HAS BE5 NUM]\SLY SUPPORT$1 & A V>IETY ( >GUM5TS HAS BE5 ADDUC$ 9 ITS BEHALF4 ,AMONG O!R ?+S IT HAS BE5 REM>K$ 0?AT1 AS ! HUMAN M9D HAS NO 9NATE & ORIG9AL PR9CIPLES1 SO ALL ! 9=MATION IT HAS IS D]IV$ FROM S5SATION2 & EV]Y?+ ?AT PASSES )9 IT IS EI!R DIRECT IMPRESSION UPON \R EXT]NAL ORGANS1 OR ! SUB/ANCE ( SU* IMPRESSIONS MODIFI$ & REF9$ ?R\< C]TA9 9TELLECTUAL /RA9]S & ALEMBICS4 ,IT IS !RE=E REASONABLE TO CONCLUDE ?AT ! ORIG9AL SUB/ANCE %\LD BE MO/ P[]FUL 9 ITS PROP]TIES1 & ! PLEASURES ( EXT]NAL S5SE MORE G5U9E ?AN ANY O!R PLEASURE4 ,EV]Y S5SATION IS1 BY ITS V]Y NATURE1 ACCOMPANI$ ) ! IDEA ( PLEASURE OR PA9 9 A VIGOR\S OR FEEBLE DEGREE4 ,! ONLY ?+ :I* CAN OR \<T TO EXCITE DESIRE IS HAPP9ESS OR AGREEABLE S5SATION4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ! H& CAN BE /RET*$ \T TO OBTA9 ANY?+ EXCEPT SO F> AS IT IS CONSID]$ AS DESIRABLE2 & TO BE DESIRABLE IS ! SAME ?+ AS TO HAVE A T5D5CY TO COMMUNICATE PLEASURE4 ,?US1 AFT] ALL ! COMPLEXITIES ( PHILOSOPHY1 WE >E BR\<T BACK TO ?IS SIMPLE & IRRESI/IBLE PROPOSITION1 ?AT MAN IS AN ANIMAL PURELY S5SUAL4 ,H5CE IT FOLL[S ?AT 9 ALL HIS TRANSACTIONS MU* MU/ DEP5D UPON IMM$IATE IMPRESSION1 & LITTLE IS TO BE ATTRIBUT$ TO ! G5]ALITIES ( RATIOC9ATION40 

,ALL ! PREMISES 9 ! OBJECTION H]E /AT$ >E UNQUE/IONABLY TRUE4 ,MAN IS JU/ SU* AN ANIMAL AS ! OBJECTION DESCRIBES4 ,EV]Y?+ )9 HIM ?AT HAS A T5D5CY TO VOLUNT>Y ACTION IS AN AFFAIR ( EXT]NAL OR 9T]NAL S5SE1 & HAS RELATION TO PLEASURE OR PA94 ,BUT IT DOES NOT FOLL[ FROM H5CE ?AT ! PLEASURES ( \R EXT]NAL ORGANS >E MORE EXQUISITE ?AN ANY O!R PLEASURES4 ,IT IS BY NO MEANS UNEXAMPL$ = ! RESULT ( A COMB9ATION ( MAT]IALS TO BE MORE EXCELL5T ?AN ! MAT]IALS !MSELVES4 ,LET US CONSID] ! MAT]IALS BY MEANS ( :I* AN ADMIRABLE POEM1 OR1 IF Y\ WILL1 ! AU?OR ( AN ADMIRABLE POEM1 IS CON/RUCT$1 & WE %ALL IMM$IATELY ACKN[L$GE ?IS TO BE ! CASE4 ,9 REALITY ! PLEASURES ( A SAVAGE1 OR1 :I* IS MU* ! SAME ?+1 ( A BRUTE1 >E FEEBLE 9DE$ COMP>$ ) ?OSE ( ! MAN ( CIVILIZATION & REF9EM5T4 ,\R S5SUAL PLEASURES1 COMMONLY SO CALL$1 W\LD BE ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY DESPIS$ HAD WE NOT ! >T TO COMB9E !M ) ! PLEASURES ( 9TELLECT & CULTIVATION4 ,NO MAN EV] P]=M$ AN ACT ( EXALT$ B5EVOL5CE )\T HAV+ SUFFICI5T REASON TO KN[1 AT LEA/ SO LONG AS ! S5SATION WAS PRES5T TO HIS M9D1 ?AT ALL ! GRATIFICATIONS ( APPETITE W]E CONTEMPTIBLE 9 ! COMP>ISON4 ,?AT :I* GIVES ! LA/ ZE/ TO \R 5JOYM5TS IS ! APPROBATION ( \R [N M9DS1 ! CONSCI\SNESS ?AT ! EX]TION WE HAVE MADE WAS SU* AS WAS CALL$ = BY IMP>TIAL JU/ICE & REASON2 & ?IS CONSCI\SNESS WILL BE CLE> & SATISFY+ 9 PROPORTION AS \R DECISION 9 ?AT RESPECT IS UNMIX$ ) ]ROR4 ,\R P]CEPTIONS CAN NEV] BE SO LUM9\S & ACCURATE 9 ! BELIEF ( FALSEHOOD AS ( TRU?4 

,! GREAT ADVANTAGE POSSESS$ BY ! ALLUREM5TS ( S5SE IS 0?AT ! IDEAS SUGGE/$ BY !M >E DEF9ITE & PRECISE1 :ILE ?OSE :I* DEAL 9 G5]ALITIES >E APT TO BE FA9T & OBSCURE4 ,! DIFF]5CE IS LIKE ?AT BETWE5 ?+S ABS5T & PRES5T2 ( ! RECOMM5DATIONS POSSESS$ BY ! LATT] WE HAVE A MORE VIVID P]CEPTION1 & SEEM TO HAVE A BETT] ASSURANCE ( ! PROBABILITY ( !IR ATTA9M5T4 ,!SE CIRCUM/ANCES MU/ NECESS>ILY1 9 ! COMP>ISON 9/ITUT$ BY ! M9D 9 ALL SIMIL> CASES1 TO A C]TA9 DEGREE 9CL9E ! BALANCE T[>DS ?AT SIDE4 ,ADD TO :I*1 ?AT :AT IS PRES5T =CES ITSELF UPON \R ATT5TION1 :ILE ?AT :I* IS ABS5T DEP5DS = ITS RECURR5CE UPON ! CAPRICI\SNESS ( MEMORY40 

,BUT !SE ADVANTAGES >E SE5 UPON ! V]Y FACE ( !M TO BE ( A PREC>I\S NATURE4 ,IF MY IDEAS ( VIRTUE1 B5EVOL5CE & JU/ICE1 OR :ATEV] IT IS ?AT \<T TO RE/RA9 ME FROM AN IMPROP] LEAN+ TO ! PLEASURES ( S5SE1 BE N[ LESS DEF9ITE & PRECISE1 !Y MAY BE GRADUALLY & UNLIMIT$LY IMPROV$4 ,IF ,I DO NOT N[ SUFFICI5TLY P]CEIVE ALL ! RECOMM5DATIONS !Y POSSESS1 & !IR CLE> SUP]IORITY OV] ! ALLUREM5TS ( S5SE1 !RE IS SURELY NO NATURAL IMPOSSIBILITY 9 MY BE+ MADE TO UND]/& A DI/9CT PROPOSITION1 OR 9 MY BE+ FULLY CONV9C$ BY AN UNANSW]ABLE >GUM5T4 ,AS TO RECOLLECTION1 ?AT IS C]TA9LY A FACULTY ( ! M9D :I* IS CAPABLE ( IMPROVEM5T2 & ! PO9T1 ( :I* ,I HAVE BE5 ONCE 9TIMATELY CONV9C$ & HAVE HAD A LIVELY & PR(\ND IMPRESSION1 WILL NOT EASILY BE =GOTT5 :5 ! P]IOD ( ACTION %ALL >RIVE4 

,IT HAS BE5 SAID 0?AT A RA9Y DAY WILL FREQU5TLY CONV]T A MAN ( VALOR 9TO A C[>D40 ,IF ?AT %\LD BE ! CASE1 !RE IS NO PRESUMPTION 9 AFFIRM+ ?AT HIS C\RAGE WAS PRODUC$ BY V]Y SLI<T & 9ADEQUATE MOTIVES4 ,H[ LONG W\LD A S5SATION ( ?IS K9D BE ABLE TO HOLD \T AGA9/ ! IDEA ( ! B5EFITS TO >ISE FROM HIS VALOR1 SAFETY TO HIS FAMILY & *ILDR51 DEFEAT TO AN UNJU/ & =MIDABLE ASSAILANT1 & FRE$OM & FELICITY TO BE SECUR$ TO HIS C\NTRY8 ,9 REALITY1 ! ATMOSPH]E1 9/EAD ( CONSID]ABLY AFFECT+ ! MASS ( MANK9D1 AFFECTS 9 AN EM95T DEGREE ONLY A SMALL P>T ( ?AT MASS4 ,! MAJORITY >E EI!R ABOVE OR BEL[ IT2 >E EI!R TOO GROSS TO FEEL /RONGLY !SE M9UTE V>IATIONS1 OR TOO BUSY TO ATT5D TO !M4 ,! CASE IS TO A CONSID]ABLE DEGREE ! SAME ) ! RE/ ( \R ANIMAL S5SATIONS4 0,9DIGE/ION10 IT HAS BE5 SAID1 0P]HAPS A FIT ( ! TOO? A*E1 R5D]S A MAN 9CAPABLE ( /RONG ?9K+ & SPIRIT$ EX]TION40 ,H[ F> W\LD !Y BE ABLE TO MA9TA9 !IR GR\ND AGA9/ AN UNEXPECT$ PIECE ( 9TELLIG5CE ( ! MO/ DELI<TFUL NATURE8 

,PA9 IS PROBABLY MORE =MIDABLE 9 ITS ATTACKS UPON US1 & MORE EXQUISITELY FELT ?AN ANY SPECIES ( BODILY PLEASURE4 ,YET ALL HI/ORY AF=DS US EXAMPLES :]E PA9 HAS BE5 CONTEMN$ & DEFI$ BY ! 5]GIES ( 9TELLECTUAL RESOLUTION4 ,DO WE NOT READ ( ,MUTIUS ,SCAEVOLA :O SUFF]$ HIS H& TO BE DE/ROY$ BY FIRE )\T BETRAY+ ANY SYMPTOM ( EMOTION1 & >*BI%OP ,CRANM] :O 5DUR$ ! SAME TRIAL TWO HUNDR$ YE>S AGO 9 \R [N C\NTRY8 ,IS IT NOT RECORD$ ( ,ANAX>*US ?AT1 :ILE SUFF]+ ! MO/ EXCRUCIAT+ TORTURES1 HE EXCLAIM$1 0,BEAT ON1 TYRANT6 ,?\ MAYE/ DE/ROY ! %ELL ( ,ANAX>*US1 BUT ?\ CAN/ NOT T\* ,ANAX>*US HIMSELF80 ,! V]Y SAVAGE ,9DIANS S+ AMID ! WANTON TORTURES ?AT >E 9FLICT$ ON !M1 & TAUNT+LY PROVOKE !IR TORM5TORS TO MORE +5I\S CRUELTY4 ,:5 WE READ SU* /ORIES1 WE RECOGNIZE 9 !M ! G5U9E *>ACT]I/ICS ( MAN4 ,MAN IS NOT A VEGETABLE TO BE GOV]N$ BY S5SATIONS ( HEAT & COLD1 DRYNESS & MOI/URE4 ,HE IS A REASONABLE CREATURE1 CAPABLE ( P]CEIV+ :AT IS ELIGIBLE & RI<T1 ( FIX+ 9DELIBLY C]TA9 PR9CIPLES UPON HIS M9D1 & ADH]+ 9FLEXIBLY TO ! RESOLUTIONS HE HAS MADE4 

,LET US ATT5D = A MOM5T TO ! G5]AL RESULT ( ! PREC$+ DISCUSSIONS4 ,! T5D5CY ( ! :OLE IS TO ASC]TA9 AN IMPORTANT PR9CIPLE 9 ! SCI5CE ( ! HUMAN M9D4 ,IF ! >GUM5TS H]E ADDUC$ TO BE ADMITT$ TO BE VALID1 IT NECESS>ILY FOLL[S ?AT :ATEV] CAN BE ADEQUATELY BR\<T HOME TO ! CONVICTION ( ! UND]/&+ MAY BE DEP5D$ UPON AS AF=D+ A SECURE HOLD UPON ! CONDUCT4 ,WE >E NO LONG] AT LIB]TY TO CONSID] MAN AS DIVID$ BETWE5 TWO 9DEP5D5T PR9CIPLES1 OR TO IMAG9E ?AT HIS 9CL9ATIONS >E 9 ANY CASE 9ACCESSIBLE ?R\< ! M$IUM ( HIS REASON4 ,WE F9D ! PR9CIPLE )9 US TO BE UNI=M & SIMPLE2 9 CONSEQU5CE ( :I* WE >E 5TITL$ TO CONCLUDE1 ?AT IT IS 9 EV]Y RESPECT ! PROP] SUBJECT ( $UCATION & P]SUASION1 & IS SUSCEPTIBLE ( UNLIMIT$ IMPROVEM5T4 ,!RE IS NO CONDUCT1 9 ITSELF REASONABLE1 :I* ! REFUTATION ( ]ROR1 & DISSIPAT+ ( UNC]TA9TY1 WILL NOT MAKE APPE> TO BE SU*4 ,!RE IS NO CONDUCT :I* CAN BE %[N TO BE REASONABLE1 ! REASONS ( :I* MAY NOT SOON] OR LAT] BE MADE IMPRESSIVE1 IRRESI/IBLE & MATT] ( HABITUAL RECOLLECTION4 ,LA/LY1 !RE IS NO CONDUCT1 ! REASONS ( :I* >E ?US CONCLUSIVE & ?US COMMUNICAT$1 :I* WILL NOT 9FALLIBLY & UNI=MLY BE ADOPT$ BY ! MAN TO :OM !Y >E COMMUNICAT$4 

,IT MAY NOT BE IMPROP] TO ATT5D A LITTLE TO ! LI<T :I* MAY BE D]IV$ FROM !SE SPECULATIONS UPON C]TA9 MAXIMS1 ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY RECEIV$1 BUT :I*1 AS !Y CONVEY NO DI/9CT IDEAS1 MAY BE PRODUCTIVE ( MIS*IEF1 & CAN SC>CELY BE PRODUCTIVE ( GOOD4 

,! FIR/ ( !SE IS ?AT ! PASSIONS \<T TO BE PURIFI$1 BUT NOT TO BE ]ADICAT$4 ,ANO!R1 CONVEY+ NE>LY ! SAME LESSON1 BUT 9 DIFF]5T WORDS1 IS ?AT PASSION IS NOT TO BE CONQU]$ BY REASON1 BUT BY BR++ SOME O!R PASSION 9TO CONT5TION ) IT4 

,! WORD PASSION IS A T]M EXTREMELY VAGUE 9 ITS SIGNIFICATION4 ,IT IS US$ PR9CIPALLY 9 ?REE S5SES4 ,IT EI!R REPRES5TS ! >DOR & VEHEM5CE ( M9D ) :I* ANY OBJECT IS PURIFI$2 OR SECONDLY1 ?AT TEMPOR>Y P]SUASION ( EXCELL5CE & DESIRABL5ESS :I* ACCOMPANIES ANY ACTION P]=M$ BY US CONTR>Y TO \R MORE CU/OM>Y & USUAL HABITS ( ?9K+2 OR LA/LY1 ?OSE EXT]NAL MODES OR NECESSITIES TO :I* ! :OLE HUMAN SPECIES IS ALIKE SUBJECT1 SU* AS HUNG]1 ! PASSION BETWE5 ! SEXES1 & O!RS4 ,9 :I* ( !SE S5SES IS ! WORD TO BE UND]/OOD 9 ! MAXIMS ABOVE /AT$8 

,9 ! FIR/ S5SE1 IT HAS SUFFICI5TLY APPE>$ ?AT NONE ( \R S5SATIONS1 OR1 :I* IS ! SAME ?+1 NONE ( \R IDEAS1 >E UNACCOMPANI$ ) A CONSCI\SNESS ( PLEASURE OR PA92 CONSEQU5TLY ALL \R VOLITIONS >E ATT5D$ ) COMPLAC5CE OR AV]SION4 ,9 ?IS S5SE )\T D\BT PASSION CANNOT BE ]ADICAT$2 BUT 9 ?IS S5SE ALSO PASSION IS SO F> FROM BE+ 9COMPATIBLE ) REASON ?AT IT IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM IT4 ,VIRTUE1 S9C]ITY1 JU/ICE & ALL ?OSE PR9CIPLES :I* >E BEGOTT5 & *]I%$ 9 US BY A DUE EX]CISE ( REASON WILL NEV] BE V]Y /R5U\SLY ESP\S$ TILL !Y >E >D5TLY LOV$2 ?AT IS1 TILL !IR VALUE IS CLE>LY P]CEIV$ & ADEQUATELY UND]/OOD4 ,9 ?IS S5SE NO?+ IS NECESS>Y BUT TO %[ US ?AT A ?+ IS TRULY GOOD & WOR?Y TO BE DESIR$1 9 ORD] TO EXCITE 9 US A PASSION = ITS ATTA9M5T4 ,IF !RE=E ?IS BE ! MEAN+ ( PASSION 9 ! ABOVE PROPOSITION1 IT IS TRUE ?AT PASSION \<T NOT TO BE ]ADICAT$1 BUT IT IS EQUALLY TRUE ?AT IT CANNOT BE ]ADICAT$3 IT IS TRUE ?AT ! ONLY WAY TO CONQU] ONE PASSION IS BY ! 9TRODUCTION ( ANO!R2 BUT IT IS EQUALLY TRUE ?AT1 IF WE EMPLOY \R RATIONAL FACULTIES1 WE CANNOT FAIL ( ?US CONQU]+ \R ]RONE\S PROP5SITIES4 ,! MAXIMS !RE=E >E NUGATORY4 

,9 ! SECOND S5SE1 \R PASSIONS >E AMBITION1 AV>ICE1 ! LOVE ( P[]1 ! LOVE ( FAME1 5VY1 REV5GE & 9NUM]ABLE O!RS4 ,MIS]ABLE 9DE$ W\LD BE \R CONDITION IF WE C\LD ONLY EXPEL ONE BAD PASSION BY ANO!R ( ! SAME K9D1 & !RE WAS NO WAY ( ROOT+ \T DELUSION FROM ! M9D BUT BY SUB/ITUT+ ANO!R DELUSION 9 ITS PLACE4 ,BUT IT HAS BE5 DEMON/RAT$ AT L>GE ?AT ?IS IS NOT ! CASE4 ,TRU? IS NOT LESS P[]FUL1 OR LESS FRI5DLY TO >D5T EX]TION1 ?AN ]ROR1 & NE$S NOT FE> ITS 5C\NT]4 ,FALSEHOOD IS NOT1 AS SU* A PR9CIPLE W\LD SUPPOSE1 ! ONLY ELEM5T 9 :I* ! HUMAN M9D CAN EXI/1 SO ?AT1 IF ! SPACE :I* ! M9D OCCUPIES BE TOO MU* R>EFI$ & CLE>$1 ITS EXI/5CE OR HEAL? WILL BE 9 SOME DEGREE 9JUR$4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE NE$ NOT FE> ANY S9I/] CONSEQU5CES FROM ! SUBV]SION ( ]ROR1 & 9TRODUC+ AS MU* TRU? 9TO ! M9D AS WE CAN POSSIBLY ACCUMULATE4 ,ALL ?OSE NOTIONS BY :I* WE >E ACCU/OM$ TO ASCRIBE TO ANY?+ A VALUE :I* IT DOES NOT REALLY POSSESS %\LD BE ]ADICAT$ )\T M]CY2 & TRU?1 A S\ND & JU/ E/IMATE ( ?+S1 :I* IS NOT LESS FAVORABLE TO ZEAL OR ACTIVITY1 %\LD BE E>NE/LY & 9CESSANTLY CULTIVAT$4 

,9 ! ?IRD S5SE ( ! WORD PASSION1 AS IT DESCRIBES ! RESULT ( ?OSE CIRCUM/ANCES :I* >E COMMON TO ! :OLE SPECIES1 SU* AS HUNG] & ! PROP5SITY TO ! 9T]C\RSE ( ! SEXES1 IT SEEMS SUFFICI5TLY REASONABLE TO SAY ?AT NO ATTEMPT \<T TO BE MADE TO ]ADICATE !M4 ,BUT ?IS S5TIM5T WAS H>DLY WOR? ! =MALITY ( A MAXIM4 ,SO F> AS !SE PROP5SITIES \<T TO BE CONQU]$ OR RE/RA9$1 !RE IS NO REASON :Y ?IS %\LD NOT HE EFFECT$ BY ! DUE EX]CISE ( ! UND]/&+4 ,FROM !SE ILLU/RATIONS IT IS SUFFICI5TLY APP>5T ?AT ! C>E RECOMM5D$ TO US NOT TO EXT+UI% OR SEEK TO EXT+UI% \R PASSIONS IS F\ND$ 9 A CONFUS$ OR MI/AK5 VIEW ( ! SUBJECT4 

,ANO!R MAXIM NOT 9F]IOR 9 REPUTATION TO ?OSE ABOVE RECIT$ IS ?AT ( FOLL[+ NATURE4 ,BUT ! T]M NATURE H]E IS /ILL MORE LOOSE & UN9TELLIGIBLE ?AN ! T]M PASSION WAS BE=E4 ,IF IT BE MEANT ?AT WE \<T TO ACCOMMODATE \RSELVES TO HUNG] & ! O!R APPETITES :I* >E COMMON TO \R SPECIES1 ?IS IS PROBABLY TRUE4 ,BUT !SE APPETITES1 SOME ( !M 9 P>TICUL>1 LEAD TO EXCESS1 & ! MIS*IEF ) :I* !Y >E PREGNANT IS TO BE CORRECT$1 NOT BY CONSULT+ \R APPETITES1 BUT \R REASON4 ,IF IT BE MEANT ?AT WE %\LD FOLL[ 9/9CT1 IT HAS BE5 PROV$ ?AT WE HAVE NO 9/9CTS4 ,! ADVOCATES ( ?IS MAXIM >E APT TO CONSID] :ATEV] N[ EXI/S AMONG MANK9D AS 9H]5T & P]PETUAL1 & TO CONCLUDE ?AT ?IS IS TO BE MA9TA9$1 NOT 9 PROPORTION AS IT CAN BE %[N TO BE REASONABLE1 BUT BECAUSE IT IS NATURAL4 ,?US IT HAS BE5 SAID ?AT MAN IS NATURALLY A RELIGI\S ANIMAL1 & = ?IS REASON1 & NOT 9 PROPORTION TO \R P[] ( DEMON/RAT+ ! BE+ ( A ,GOD OR ! TRU? ( ,*RI/IANITY1 RELIGION IS TO BE MA9TA9$4 ,?US AGA9 IT HAS BE5 CALL$ NATURAL ?AT M5 %\LD =M !MSELVES 9TO IMM5SE TRIBES OR NATIONS1 & GO TO W> ) EA* O!R4 ,?US P]SONS ( N>R[ VIEWS & OBS]VATION REG>D EV]Y?+ AS NATURAL & RI<T ?AT HAPP5S1 H[EV] CAPRICI\SLY OR = H[EV] %ORT A TIME1 TO PREVAIL 9 ! SOCIETY 9 :I* !Y LIVE4 ,! ONLY ?+S :I* CAN BE SAID TO COMPOSE ! NATURE OR CON/ITUTION ( MAN >E \R EXT]NAL /RUCTURE1 :I* ITSELF IS CAPABLE ( BE+ MODIFI$ ) 9DEF9ITE V>IETY2 ! APPETITIES & IMPRESSIONS GR[+ \T ( ?AT /RUCTURE2 & ! CAPACITY ( COMB9+ IDEAS & 9F]R+ CONCLUSIONS4 ,! APPETITES COMMON TO ! SPECIES WE CANNOT :OLLY DE/ROY3 ! FACULTY ( REASON IT W\LD BE ABSURD SY/EMATICALLY TO C\NT]ACT1 S9CE IT IS ONLY BY SOME SORT ( REASON+1 BAD OR GOOD1 ?AT WE CAN SO MU* AS ADOPT ANY SY/EM4 ,9 ?IS S5SE !RE=E NO D\BT WE \<T TO FOLL[ NATURE1 ?AT IS1 TO EMPLOY \R UND]/&+S & 9CREASE \R DISC]NM5T4 ,BUT1 BY CON=M+ \RSELVES TO ! PR9CIPLES ( \R CON/ITUTION 9 ?IS RESPECT1 WE MO/ EFFECTUALLY EXCLUDE ALL FOLL[+1 OR IMPLICIT ASS5T4 ,IF WE W\LD FULLY COMPORT \RSELVES 9 A MANN] CORRESPOND5T TO \R PROP]TIES & P[]S1 WE MU/ BR+ EV]Y?+ TO ! /&>D ( REASON4 ,NO?+ MU/ BE ADMITT$ EI!R AS PR9CIPLE OR PRECEPT ?AT WILL NOT SUPPORT ?IS TRIAL4 ,NO?+ MU/ BE SU/A9$ BECAUSE IT IS ANCI5T1 BECAUSE WE HAVE BE5 ACCU/OM$ TO REG>D IT AS SACR$1 OR BECAUSE IT HAS BE5 UNUSUAL TO BR+ ITS VALIDITY 9TO QUE/ION4 ,F9ALLY1 IF BY FOLL[+ NATURE BE UND]/OOD ?AT WE MU/ FIX \R PREF]5CE UPON ?+S ?AT WILL CONDUCE TO HUMAN HAPP9ESS1 9 ?IS !RE IS SOME TRU?4 ,BUT ! TRU? IT CONTA9S IS EXTREMELY D>K5$ BY ! PHRASEOLOGY 9 :I* IT IS C\*$4 ,WE MU/ CONSID] \R EXT]NAL /RUCTURE SO F> AS RELATES TO ! M]E QUE/ION ( \R PRES]VATION4 ,AS TO ! RE/1 :ATEV] WILL MAKE A REASONABLE NATURE HAPPY WILL MAKE US HAPPY2 & \R PREF]5CE \<T TO BE BE/[$ UPON ?AT SPECIES ( PLEASURE :I* HAS MO/ 9DEP5D5CE & MO/ ANIMATION4 

,! COROLL>IES RESPECT+ POLITICAL TRU?1 D$UCIBLE FROM ! SIMPLE PROPOSITION1 :I* SEEMS CLE>LY E/ABLI%$ BY ! REASON+S ( ! PRES5T *APT]1 ?AT ! VOLUNT>Y ACTIONS ( M5 >E 9 ALL 9/ANCES CON=MABLE TO ! D$UCTIONS ( !IR UND]/&+1 >E ( ! HI<E/ IMPORTANCE4 ,H5CE WE MAY 9F] :AT >E ! HOPES & PROSPECTS ( HUMAN IMPROVEM5T4 ,! DOCTR9E :I* MAY BE F\ND$ UPON !SE PR9CIPLES MAY P]HAPS BE/ BE EXPRESS$ 9 ! FIVE FOLL[+ PROPOSITIONS3 ,S\ND REASON+ & TRU?1 :5 ADEQUATELY COMMUNICAT$1 MU/ ALWAYS BE VICTORI\S OV] ]ROR3 ,S\ND REASON+ & TRU? >E CAPABLE ( BE+ SO COMMUNICAT$3 ,TRU? IS OMNIPOT5T3 ,! VICES & MORAL WEAKNESS ( MAN >E NOT 9V9CIBLE3 ,MAN IS P]FECTIBLE1 OR 9 O!R WORDS SUSCEPTIBLE ( P]PETUAL IMPROVEM5T4 

,!SE PROPOSITIONS WILL BE F\ND 9 P>T SYNONYM\S ) EA* O!R4 ,BUT ! TIME ( ! 5QUIR] WILL NOT BE UNPR(ITABLY SP5T 9 COPI\SLY CLE>+ UP ! F\NDATIONS ( MORAL & POLITICAL SY/EM4 ,IT IS EXTREMELY B5EFICIAL ?AT TRU? %\LD BE VIEW$ ON ALL SIDES1 & EXAM9$ UND] DIFF]5T ASPECTS4 ,! PROPOSITIONS >E EV5 LITTLE MORE ?AN SO MANY DIFF]5T MODES ( /AT+ ! PR9CIPAL TOPIC ( ?IS *APT]4 ,BUT1 IF !Y WILL NOT ADMIT EA* ( A DI/9CT TRA9 ( >GUM5TS 9 ITS SUPPORT1 IT MAY NOT H[EV] BE USELESS TO BE/[ UPON EA* A %ORT ILLU/RATION4 

,! FIR/ ( !SE PROPOSITIONS IS SO EVID5T ?AT IT NE$S ONLY BE /AT$1 9 ORD] TO ! BE+ UNIV]SALLY ADMITT$4 ,IS !RE ANYONE :O CAN IMAG9E ?AT1 :5 S\ND >GUM5T & SOPHI/RY >E FAIRLY BR\<T 9TO COMP>ISON1 ! VICTORY CAN BE D\BTFUL8 ,SOPHI/RY MAY ASSUME A PLAUSIBLE APPE>ANCE1 & CONTRIVE TO A C]TA9 EXT5T TO BEWILD] ! UND]/&+4 ,BUT IT IS ONE ( ! PR]OGATIVES ( TRU?1 TO FOLL[ IT 9 ITS MAZES & /RIP IT ( DISGUISE4 ,NOR DOES ANY DIFFICULTY FROM ?IS CONSID]ATION 9T]F]E ) ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! PRES5T PROPOSITION4 ,WE SUPPOSE TRU? NOT M]ELY TO BE EXHIBIT$1 BUT ADEQUATELY COMMUNICAT$2 ?AT IS1 9 O!R WORDS1 DI/9CTLY APPREH5D$ BY ! P]SON TO :OM IT IS ADDRESS$4 ,9 ?IS CASE ! VICTORY IS TOO SURE TO ADMIT ( BE+ CONTROV]T$ BY ! MO/ 9VET]ATE SKEPTICISM4 

,! SECOND PROPOSITION IS ?AT S\ND REASON+ & TRU? >E CAPABLE ( BE+ ADEQUATELY COMMUNICAT$ BY ONE MAN TO ANO!R4 ,?IS PROPOSITION MAY BE UND]/OOD ( SU* COMMUNICATION1 EI!R AS IT AFFECTS ! 9DIVIDUAL1 OR ! SPECIES4 ,FIR/ ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 

,9 ORD] TO ITS DUE APPLICATION 9 ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 OPPORTUNITY = ! COMMUNICATION MU/ NECESS>ILY BE SUPPOS$4 ,! 9CAPACITY ( HUMAN 9TELLECT AT PRES5T REQUIRES ?AT ?IS OPPORTUNITY %\LD BE ( LONG DURATION OR REPEAT$ RECURR5CE4 ,WE DO NOT ALWAYS KN[ H[ TO COMMUNICATE ALL ! EVID5CE WE >E CAPABLE ( COMMUNICAT+ 9 A S+LE CONV]SATION1 & MU* LESS 9 A S+LE 9/ANT4 ,BUT1 IF ! COMMUNICATOR BE SUFFICI5TLY MA/] ( HIS SUBJECT1 & IF ! TRU? BE ALTOGE!R ON HIS SIDE1 HE MU/ ULTIMATELY SUCCE$ 9 HIS UND]TAK+4 ,WE SUPPOSE HIM TO HAVE SUFFICI5T URBANITY TO CONCILIATE ! GOOD WILL1 & SUFFICI5T 5]GY TO 5GAGE ! ATT5TION1 ( ! P>TY CONC]N$4 ,9 ?AT CASE1 !RE IS NO PREJUDICE1 NO BL9D REV]5CE = E/ABLI%$ SY/EMS1 NO FALSE FE> ( ! 9F]5CES TO BE DRAWN1 ?AT CAN RESI/ HIM4 ,HE WILL 5C\NT] !SE ONE AFT] ! O!R1 & HE WILL 5C\NT] !M ) SUCCESS4 ,\R PREJUDICES1 \R UNDUE REV]5CE1 & IMAG9>Y FE>S1 FL[ \T ( SOME VIEWS ! M9D HAS BE5 9DUC$ TO 5T]TA92 !Y >E F\ND$ 9 ! BELIEF ( SOME PROPOSITIONS4 ,BUT EV]Y ONE ( !SE PROPOSITIONS IS CAPABLE ( BE+ REFUT$4 ,! *AMPION WE DESCRIBE PROCE$S FROM PO9T TO PO9T2 IF 9 ANY HIS SUCCESS HAVE BE5 D\BTFUL1 ?AT HE WILL RETRACE & PUT \T ( ! REA* ( MI/AKE2 & IT IS EVID5TLY IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ) SU* QUALIFICATIONS & SU* P]SEV]ANCE HE %\LD NOT ULTIMATELY ACCOMPLI% HIS PURPOSE4 

,SU* IS ! APPE>ANCE :I* ?IS PROPOSITION ASSUMES :5 EXAM9$ 9 A LOOSE & PRACTICAL VIEW4 ,9 /RICT CONSID]ATION IT WILL NOT ADMIT ( DEBATE4 ,MAN IS A RATIONAL BE+4 ,IF !RE BE ANY MAN :O IS 9CAPABLE ( MAK+ 9F]5CES = HIMSELF1 OR ( UND]/&+1 :5 /AT$ 9 ! MO/ EXPLICIT T]MS1 ! 9F]5CES ( ANO!R1 HIM WE CONSID] AS AN ABORTIVE PRODUCTION1 & NOT 9 /RICTNESS BELONG+ TO ! HUMAN SPECIES4 ,IT IS ABSURD !RE=E TO SAY ?AT S\ND REASON+ & TRU? CANNOT BE COMMUNICAT$ BY ONE MAN TO ANO!R4 ,:5EV] 9 ANY CASE HE FAILS1 IT IS ?AT HE IS NOT SUFFICI5TLY LABORI\S1 PATI5T & CLE>4 ,WE SUPPOSE ( C\RSE ! P]SON :O UND]TAKES TO COMMUNICATE ! TRU? REALLY TO POSSESS IT1 & BE MA/] ( HIS SUBJECT2 = IT IS SC>CELY WOR? AN OBS]VATION TO SAY ?AT ?AT :I* HE HAS NOT HIMSELF HE CANNOT COMMUNICATE TO ANO!R4 

,IF TRU? !RE=E CAN BE BR\<T HOME TO ! CONVICTION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 LET US SEE H[ IT /&S ) ! PUBLIC OR ! WORLD4 ,N[ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 IT IS EXTREMELY CLE> ?AT1 IF NO 9DIVIDUAL CAN RESI/ ! =CE ( TRU?1 IT CAN ONLY BE NECESS>Y TO APPLY ?IS PROPOSITION FROM 9DIVIDUAL TO 9DIVIDUAL1 & WE %ALL AT L5G? COMPREH5D ! :OLE4 ,?US ! AFFIRMATION 9 ITS LIT]AL S5SE IS COMPLETELY E/ABLI%$4 

,) RESPECT TO ! *ANCE ( SUCCESS1 ?IS WILL DEP5D1 FIR/1 UPON ! PRECLUD+ ALL EXTRAORD9>Y CONVULSIONS ( NATURE1 & AFT] ?IS UPON ! ACTIVITY & 5]GY ( ?OSE TO :OSE H&S ! SACR$ CAUSE ( TRU? MAY BE 5TRU/$4 ,IT IS APP>5T ?AT1 IF JU/ICE BE DONE TO ITS M]ITS1 IT 9CLUDES 9 IT ! 9DE/RUCTIBLE G]M ( ULTIMATE VICTORY4 ,EV]Y NEW CONV]T ?AT IS MADE TO ITS CAUSE1 IF HE BE TAU<T ITS EXCELL5CE AS WELL AS ITS REALITY1 IS A FRE% APO/LE TO EXT5D ITS ILLUM9ATIONS ?R\< A WID] SPH]E4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT IT RESEMBLES ! MOTION ( A FALL+ BODY1 :I* 9CREASES ITS RAPIDITY 9 PROPORTION TO ! SQU>ES ( ! DI/ANCES4 ,ADD TO :I* ?AT :5 A CONV]T TO TRU? HAS BE5 ADEQUATELY 9=M$ IT IS B>ELY POSSIBLE ?AT HE %\LD EV] FAIL 9 HIS ADH]5CE2 :]EAS ]ROR CONTA9S 9 IT ! PR9CIPLE ( ITS [N MORTALITY4 ,?US ! ADVOCATES ( FALSEHOOD & MI/AKE MU/ CONT9UALLY DIM9I%1 & ! WELL 9=M$ ADH]5TS ( TRU? 9CESSANTLY MULTIPLY4 

,IT HAS SOMETIMES BE5 AFFIRM$ ?AT1 :5EV] A QUE/ION IS ABLY BR\<T =W>D = EXAM9ATION1 ! DECISION ( ! HUMAN SPECIES MU/ ULTIMATELY BE ON ! RI<T SIDE4 ,BUT ?IS PROPOSITION IS TO BE UND]/OOD ) ALL[ANCES4 ,CIVIL POLICY1 MAGNIFIC5T EMOLUM5TS & S9I/] MOTIVES MAY UPON MANY OCCASIONS1 BY DI/RACT+ ! ATT5TION1 CAUSE ! WORSE REASON TO PASS AS IF IT W]E ! BETT]4 ,IT IS NOT ABSOLUTELY C]TA9 ?AT1 9 ! CONTROV]SY BR\<T =W>D BY ,CL>KE & ,:I/ON AGA9/ ! DOCTR9E ( ! ,TR9ITY1 OR BY ,COLL9S & ,WOOL/ON AGA9/ ! ,*RI/IAN REVELATION1 ! 9NOVATORS HAD ALTOGE!R ! WOR/ ( ! >GUM5T4 ,YET FIFTY YE>S AFT] ! AGITATION ( !SE CONTROV]SIES1 !IR EFFECTS C\LD SC>CELY BE TRAC$1 & ?+S APPE>$ ON ALL SIDES AS IF ! CONTROV]SIES HAD NEV] EXI/$4 ,P]HAPS IT WILL BE SAID ?AT1 ?\< ! EFFECTS ( TRU? MAY BE OBSCUR$ = A TIME1 !Y WILL BREAK \T 9 ! SEQUEL ) D\BLE LU/]4 ,BUT ?IS AT LEA/ DEP5DS UPON CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,NO COMET MU/ COME 9 ! MEANTIME & SWEEP AWAY ! HUMAN SPECIES3 NO ,ATTILA MU/ HAVE IT 9 HIS P[] ONCE AGA9 TO LEAD BACK ! FLOOD ( B>B>ISM TO DELUGE ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD3 & ! DISCIPLES1 OR AT LEA/ ! BOOKS ( ! ORIG9AL *AMPIONS MU/ REMA91 OR !IR DISCOV]IES & DEMON/RATIONS MU/ BE NE>LY LO/ TO ! WORLD4 

,! ?IRD ( ! PROPOSITIONS 5UM]AT$ IS ?AT TRU? IS OMNIPOT5T4 ,?IS PROPOSITION1 :I* IS CONV5I5T = ITS BREVITY1 MU/ BE UND]/OOD ) LIMITATIONS4 ,IT W\LD BE ABSURD TO AFFIRM ?AT TRU?1 UNACCOMPANI$ BY ! EVID5CE :I* PROVES IT TO BE SU*1 OR :5 ?AT EVID5CE IS P>TIALLY & IMP]FECTLY /AT$1 HAS ANY SU* PROP]TY4 ,BUT IT HAS SUFFICI5TLY APPE>$ FROM ! >GUM5TS ALREADY ADDUC$ ?AT TRU?1 :5 ADEQUATELY COMMUNICAT$1 IS1 SO F> AS RELATES TO ! CONVICTION ( ! UND]/&+1 IRRESI/IBLE4 ,!RE MAY 9DE$ BE PROPOSITIONS :I*1 ?\< TRUE 9 !MSELVES1 MAY BE BEYOND ! SPH]E ( HUMAN KN[L$GE1 OR RESPECT+ :I* HUMAN BE+S HAVE NOT YET DISCOV]$ SUFFICI5T >GUM5TS = !IR SUPPORT4 ,9 ?AT CASE1 ?\< TRUE 9 !MSELVES1 !Y >E NOT TRU?S TO US4 ,! REASON+ BY :I* !Y >E ATTEMPT$ TO BE E/ABLI%$ IS NOT S\ND REASON+4 ,IT MAY P]HAPS BE F\ND ?AT ! HUMAN M9D IS NOT CAPABLE ( >RIV+ AT ABSOLUTE C]TA9TY UPON ANY SUBJECT ( 9QUIRY2 & IT MU/ BE ADMITT$ ?AT HUMAN SCI5CE IS ATT5D$ ) ALL DEGREES ( C]TA9TY1 FROM ! HI<E/ MORAL EVID5CE TO ! SLI<TE/ BALANCE ( PROBABILITY4 ,BUT HUMAN BE+S >E CAPABLE ( APPREH5D+ & WEI<+ ALL !SE DEGREES2 & TO KN[ ! EXACT QUANTITY ( PROBABILITY :I* ,I \<T TO ASCRIBE TO ANY PROPOSITION MAY BE SAID TO BE 9 ONE S5SE ! POSSESS+ C]TA9 KN[L$GE4 ,IT W\LD FUR!R BE ABSURD1 IF WE REG>D TRU? 9 RELATION TO ITS EMPIRE OV] \R CONDUCT1 TO SUPPOSE ?AT IT IS NOT LIMIT$ 9 ITS OP]ATIONS BY ! FACULTIES ( \R FRAME4 ,IT MAY BE COMP>$ TO A CONNOISSEUR :O1 H[EV] CONSUMMATE BE HIS TAL5TS1 CAN EXTRACT FROM A GIV5 9/RUM5T ONLY SU* TONES AS ?AT 9/RUM5T WILL AF=D4 ,BUT1 )9 !SE LIMITS1 ! D$UCTION :I* =MS ! PR9CIPAL SUB/ANCE ( ?IS *APT] PROVES TO US ?AT :ATEV] IS BR\<T HOME TO ! CONVICTION ( ! UND]/&+1 SO LONG AS IT IS PRES5T TO ! M9D1 POSSESSES AN UNDISPUT$ EMPIRE OV] ! CONDUCT4 ,NOR WILL HE :O IS SUFFICI5TLY CONV]SANT ) ! SCI5CE ( 9TELLECT BE HA/Y 9 ASSIGN+ ! B\NDS ( \R CAPACITY4 ,!RE >E SOME ?+S :I* ! /RUCTURE ( \R BODIES WILL R5D] US =EV] UNABLE TO EFFECT2 BUT 9 MANY CASES ! L9ES :I* APPE> TO PRESCRIBE A T]M TO \R EF=TS WILL1 LIKE ! MI/S ?AT >ISE FROM A LAKE1 RETIRE FUR!R & FUR!R1 ! MORE CLOSELY WE 5DEAVOR TO APPROA* !M4 

,F\R?LY1 ! VICES & MORAL WEAKNESS ( MAN >E NOT 9V9CIBLE4 ,?IS IS ! PREC$+ PROPOSITION ) A V]Y SLI<T V>IATION 9 ! /ATEM5T4 ,VICE & WEAKNESS >E F\ND$ UPON IGNORANCE & ]ROR2 BUT TRU? IS MORE P[]FUL ?AN ANY *AMPION ?AT CAN BE BR\<T 9TO ! FIELD AGA9/ IT2 CONSEQU5TLY TRU? HAS ! FACULTY ( EXPELL+ WEAKNESS & VICE1 & PLAC+ NOBL] & MORE B5EFIC5T PR9CIPLES 9 !IR /EAD4 

,LA/LY1 MAN IS P]FECTIBLE4 ,?IS PROPOSITION NE$S SOME EXPLANATION4 

,BY P]FECTIBLE1 IT IS NOT MEANT ?AT HE IS CAPABLE ( BE+ BR\<T TO P]FECTION4 ,BUT ! WORD SEEMS SUFFICI5TLY ADAPT$ TO EXPRESS ! FACULTY ( BE+ CONT9UALLY MADE BETT] & RECEIV+ P]PETUAL IMPROVEM5T2 & 9 ?IS S5SE IT IS H]E TO BE UND]/OOD4 ,! T]M P]FECTIBLE1 ?US EXPLA9$1 NOT ONLY DOES NOT IMPLY ! CAPACITY ( BE+ BR\<T TO P]FECTION1 BUT /&S 9 EXPRESS OPPOSITION TO IT4 ,IF WE C\LD >RIVE AT P]FECTION1 !RE W\LD BE AN 5D TO \R IMPROVEM5T4 ,!RE IS H[EV] ONE ?+ ( GREAT IMPORTANCE ?AT IT DOES IMPLY3 EV]Y P]FECTION OR EXCELL5CE ?AT HUMAN BE+S >E COMPET5T TO CONCEIVE1 HUMAN BE+S1 UNLESS 9 CASES ?AT >E PALPABLY & UNEQUIVOCALLY EXCLUD$ BY ! /RUCTURE ( !IR FRAME1 >E COMPET5T TO ATTA94 

,?IS IS AN 9F]5CE :I* IMM$IATELY FOLL[S FROM ! OMNIPOT5CE ( TRU?4 ,EV]Y TRU? ?AT IS CAPABLE ( BE+ COMMUNICAT$ IS CAPABLE ( BE+ BR\<T HOME TO ! CONVICTION ( ! M9D4 ,EV]Y PR9CIPLE :I* CAN BE BR\<T HOME TO ! CONVICTION ( ! M9D WILL 9FALLIBLY PRODUCE A CORRESPOND5T EFFECT UPON ! CONDUCT4 ,IF !RE W]E NOT SOME?+ 9 ! NATURE ( MAN 9COMPATIBLE ) ABSOLUTE P]FECTION1 ! DOCTR9E ( ! OMNIPOT5CE ( TRU? W\LD AF=D NO SMALL PROBABILITY ?AT HE W\LD ONE DAY REA* IT4 ,:Y IS ! P]FECTION ( MAN IMPOSSIBLE8 

,! IDEA ( ABSOLUTE P]FECTION IS SC>CELY )9 ! GRASP ( HUMAN UND]/&+4 ,IF SCI5CE W]E MORE FAMILI>IZ$ TO SPECULATIONS ( ?IS SORT1 WE %\LD P]HAPS DISCOV] ?AT ! NOTION ITSELF WAS PREGNANT ) ABSURDITY & CONTRADICTION4 

,IT IS NOT NECESS>Y 9 ?IS >GUM5T TO DWELL UPON ! LIMIT$ NATURE ( ! HUMAN FACULTIES4 ,WE CAN NEI!R BE PRES5T TO ALL PLACES NOR TO ALL TIMES4 ,WE CANNOT P5ETRATE 9TO ! ESS5CES ( ?+S1 OR RA!R WE HAVE NO S\ND & SATISFACTORY KN[L$GE ( ?+S EXT]NAL TO \RSELVES1 BUT M]ELY ( \R [N S5SATIONS4 ,WE CANNOT DISCOV] ! CAUSES ( ?+S1 OR ASC]TA9 ?AT 9 ! ANTEC$5T :I* CONNECTS IT ) ! CONSEQU5T1 & DISC]N NO?+ BUT !IR CONTIGUITY ,) :AT PRET5SE#g CAN A BE+ ?US %UT 9 ON ALL SIDES LAY CLAIM TO ABSOLUTE P]FECTION8 

,BUT1 NOT TO 9SI/ UPON !SE CONSID]ATIONS1 !RE IS ONE PR9CIPLE 9 ! HUMAN M9D :I* MU/ =EV] EXCLUDE US FROM >RIV+ AT A CLOSE ( \R ACQUISITIONS1 & CONF9E US TO P]PETUAL PROGRESS4 ,! HUMAN M9D1 SO F> AS WE >E ACQUA9T$ ) IT1 IS NO?+ ELSE BUT A FACULTY ( P]CEPTION4 ,ALL \R KN[L$GE1 ALL \R IDEAS1 EV]Y?+ WE POSSESS AS 9TELLIG5T BE+S1 COMES FROM IMPRESSION4 ,ALL ! M9DS ?AT EXI/ SET \T FROM ABSOLUTE IGNORANCE4 ,!Y RECEIV$ FIR/ ONE IMPRESSION1 & !N A SECOND4 ,AS ! IMPRESSIONS BECAME MORE NUM]\S1 & W]E /OR$ BY ! HELP ( MEMORY1 & COMB9$ BY ! FACULTY ( ASSOCIATION1 SO ! EXP]I5CE 9CREAS$1 & ) ! EXP]I5CE ! KN[L$GE1 ! WISDOM1 EV]Y?+ ?AT DI/+UI%ES MAN FROM :AT WE UND]/& BY A 0CLOD ( ! VALLEY40 ,?IS SEEMS TO BE A SIMPLE & 9CONTROV]TIBLE HI/ORY ( 9TELLECTUAL BE+2 &1 IF IT BE TRUE1 !N AS \R ACCUMULATIONS HAVE BE5 9CESSANT 9 ! TIME ?AT IS GONE1 SO1 AS LONG AS WE CONT9UE TO P]CEIVE1 TO REMEMB] OR REFLECT1 !Y MU/ P]PETUALLY 9CREASE4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a,OBJECTIONS HAVE BE5 />T$ TO ! USE ( ! WORD TRU? 9 ?IS ABSOLUTE CON/RUCTION1 AS IF IT IMPLI$ 9 ! M9D ( ! WRIT] ! NOTION ( SOME?+ HAV+ AN 9DEP5D5T & SEP>ATE EXI/5CE1 :]EAS NO?+ CAN BE MORE C]TA9 ?AN ?AT TRU?1 ?AT IS1 AFFIRMATIVE & NEGATIVE PROPOSITIONS1 HAS /RICTLY NO EXI/5CE BUT 9 ! M9D ( HIM :O UTT]S OR HE>S IT4 ,BUT !SE OBJECTIONS SEEM TO HAVE BE5 TAK5 UP TOO HA/ILY4 ,IT CANNOT BE D5I$1 ?AT !RE >E SOME PROPOSITIONS :I* >E BELIEV$ = A TIME & AFT]W>DS REFUT$2 & O!RS1 SU* AS MO/ ( ! !OREMS ( MA!MATICS1 & MANY ( ?OSE ( NATURAL PHILOSOPHY1 RESPECT+ :I* !RE IS NO PROBABILITY ?AT !Y EV] WILL BE REFUT$4 ,EV]Y SUBJECT ( 9QUIRY IS SUSCEPTIBLE ( AFFIRMATION & NEGATION2 & ?OSE PROPOSITIONS CONC]N+ IT1 :I* DESCRIBE ! REAL RELATIONS ( ?+S1 MAY 9 A C]TA9 S5SE1 :E!R WE BE OR BE NOT AW>E ?AT !Y DO SO1 BE SAID TO BE TRUE4 ,TAK5 9 ?IS S5SE1 TRU? IS IMMUTABLE4 ,HE ?AT SPEAKS ( ITS IMMUTABILITY1 DOES NO?+ MORE ?AN PR$ICT ) GREAT] OR LESS PROBABILITY1 & SAY 0,?IS IS :AT ,I BELIEVE1 & :AT ALL REASONABLE BE+S1 TILL !Y %ALL FALL %ORT ( ME 9 !IR DEGREE ( 9=MATIONM1 WILL CONT9UE TO BELIEVE40  

#b,BOOK ,V1 ,*AP4 ,X,V4 

#c,! T]M MOTIVE IS APPLICABLE 9 ALL CASES :]E ! REGUL> OP]ATIONS ( 9ANIMATE MATT] >E SUP]S$$ BY ! 9T]F]5CE ( 9TELLIG5CE4 ,:ATEV] S5SATION OR P]CEPTION 9 ! M9D IS CAPABLE ( 9FLU5C+ ?IS 9T]F]5CE1 IS CALL$ MOTIVE4 ,MOTIVE !RE=E IS APPLICABLE TO ! CASE ( ALL ACTIONS ORIG9AT+ 9 S5SATION OR P]CEPTION1 :E!R VOLUNT>Y OR 9VOLUNT>Y4 

#d,*>ACT]I/ICS2 ,TREATISE ,I,V41 ,B1 ,I41 ,P>T I41 ,P>AGRAPH #b4 

#e,?IS DI/RIBUTION IS 9 SUB/ANCE ! SAME AS ?AT ( ,H>TLEY2 BUT IS H]E 9TRODUC$ )\T ANY 9T5TION TO ADOPT ! PECULI>ITIES ( HIS PHRASEOLOGY4 ,OBS]VATIONS ON ,MAN1 ,*APT]4 ,I41 ,P>AGRAPH III1 ,PROP4 #b#a4 

#f,MILTON3 ,P>ADISE ,LO/1 B41 V4 

#g,BOOK ,I,V1 ,*AP4 ,V,I,I4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #agib 3 ,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#f1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 

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