,AN ,ACC\NT ( ,! ,SEM9>Y 

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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TAGS 3 /ATE ( SOCIETY1 SY/EM ( $UCATION1 LAT9 & GREEK1 /UDY ( HI/ORY1 PUBLIC S*OOLS1 MOD]N $UCATION1 MOD]N LANGUAGES1 CLASSICAL WRIT]S1 HUMAN HE>T1 HI/ORY4 

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,PHOTO BY ,/EPH5 ,CYSEWSKI1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,! TWO PR9CIPAL OBJECTS ( HUMAN P[] >E GOV]NM5T & $UCATION4 ,!Y HAVE ACCORD+LY 5GROSS$ A V]Y L>GE %>E 9 ! DISQUISITIONS ( ! SPECULATIVE 9 ALL AGES4 ,! SUBJECT ( ! =M] 9DE$ IS MAN1 ALREADY 5D[$ ) HIS GREATE/ =CE ( BODY1 & >RIV$ AT ! EX]CISE ( HIS 9TELLECTUAL P[]S3 ! SUBJECT ( ! LATT] IS MAN1 AS YET %UT UP 9 ! FEEBL5ESS ( *ILDHOOD1 & ! IMBECILITY ( 9EXP]I5CE4 ,CIVIL SOCIETY IS GREAT & UNLIMIT$ 9 ITS EXT5T2 ! TIME HAS BE51 :5 ! :OLE KN[N WORLD WAS .<#b.> 9 A MANN] UNIT$ 9 ONE COMMUNITY3 BUT ! SPH]E ( $UCATION HAS ALWAYS BE5 LIMIT$4 ,IT IS = NATIONS TO PRODUCE ! EV5TS1 ?AT 5*ANT ! IMAG9ATION1 & 5NOBLE ! PAGE ( HI/ORY3 9FANCY MU/ ALWAYS PASS AWAY 9 ! UNIMPORTANCE ( MIR?1 & ! PRIVACY ( RETREAT4 ,?AT GOV]NM5T H[EV] IS A !ME SO MU* SUP]IOR TO $UCATION1 IS NOT P]HAPS SO EVID5T1 AS WE MAY AT FIR/ IMAG9E4 

,IT IS 9DE$ WID] 9 ITS EXT5T1 BUT IT IS 9F9ITELY LESS ABSOLUTE 9 ITS P[]4 ,! /ATE ( SOCIETY IS 9CONTE/ABLY >TIFICIAL2 ! P[] ( ONE MAN OV] ANO!R MU/ BE ALWAYS D]IV$ FROM CONV5TION1 OR FROM CONQUE/2 BY NATURE WE >E EQUAL4 ,! NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE IS1 ?AT GOV]NM5T MU/ ALWAYS DEP5D UPON ! OP9ION ( ! GOV]N$4 ,LET ! MO/ OPPRESS$ PEOPLE UND] HEAV5 ONCE *ANGE !IR MODE ( ?9K+1 & !Y >E FREE4 ,BUT ! 9EQUALITY ( P>5TS & *ILDR5 IS ! LAW ( \R .<#c.> NATURE1 ET]NAL & UNCONTROLLABLE4 @&_?#a#e2,GOV]NM5T IS V]Y LIMIT$ 9 ITS P[] ( MAK+ M5 EI!R VIRTU\S OR HAPPY2 IT IS ONLY 9 ! 9FANCY ( SOCIETY ?AT IT CAN DO ANY ?+ CONSID]ABLE2 9 ITS MATURITY IT CAN ONLY DIRECT A FEW ( \R \TW>D ACTIONS4 ,BUT \R MORAL DISPOSITIONS & *>ACT] DEP5D V]Y MU*1 P]HAPS 5TIRELY1 UPON $UCATION4@&_?#a#e#a2,*ILDR5 9DE$ >E WEAK & IMBECIL2 BUT IT IS ! IMBECILITY ( SPR+1 & NOT ?AT ( AUTUMN2 ! IMBECILITY ?AT ?AT V]GES T[>DS P[]1 & NOT ?AT IS ALREADY EXHAU/$ ) P]=MANCE4 ,TO BEHOLD H]OISM 9 ITS 9FANCY1 & IMMORTALITY 9 ! BUD1 MU/ BE A MO/ ATTRACTIVE OBJECT4 ,TO MOLD ?OSE PLIANT DISPOSITIONS1 UPON :I* ! HAPP9ESS ( MULTITUDES MAY ONE DAY DEP5D1 MU/ BE 9F9ITELY IMPORTANT4 

,PROPORTIONABLE TO :AT WE HAVE /AT$ TO BE ! IMPORTANCE ( ! SUBJECT1 IS ! ATT5TION ?AT HAS BE5 AF=D$ IT 9 ! REPUBLIC ( LETT]S4 ,! BRI<TE/ .<#d.> WITS1 & ! PR(\NDE/ PHILOSOPH]S HAVE EMULAT$ EA* O!R 9 !IR 5DEAVORS TO ELUCIDATE SO VALUABLE A !ME4 ,9 VA9 HAVE P$ANTS URG$ ! /AMP ( ANTIQUITY1 & ! APPROBATION ( CU/OM2 !RE IS SC>CELY ! S*EME SO VISION>Y1 ! EXECUTION ( :I* HAS NOT AT SOME TIME OR O!R BE5 ATTEMPT$4 ,( ! WRIT]S UPON ?IS 9T]E/+ SUBJECT1 HE P]HAPS ?AT HAS PRODUC$ ! MO/ VALUABLE TREATISE IS ,R\SSEAU4 ,IF M5 ( EQUAL ABILITIES HAVE EXPLOR$ ?IS AMPLE FIELD1 ,I KN[ ( NONE1 H[EV]1 :O HAVE SO ?OR\<LY 9VE/IGAT$ ! FIR/ PR9CIPLES ( ! SCI5CE1 OR :O HAVE TREAT$ IT SO MU* AT L>GE4 ,IF HE HAVE 9DULG$ TO A ?\S& AGREEABLE VISIONS1 & W&]$ 9 ! PURSUIT ( MANY A SPECI\S P>ADOX1 HE HAS H[EV] RI*LY REPAID US = ?IS DEFECT1 BY ! PR(\NDE/ RESE>*ES & ! MO/ SOLID DISCOV]IES4 

,I HAVE BORR[$ SO MANY ( MY IDEAS FROM ?IS ADMIRABLE WRIT]1 ?AT ,I ?\< .<#e.> IT NECESS>Y TO MAKE ?IS ACKN[L$GM5T 9 ! \TSET4 ,! LE>N$ READ] WILL READILY P]CEIVE1 ?AT IF ,I HAVE NOT SCRUPL$ TO PR(IT FROM HIS DISCOV]IES1 AT LEA/ ,I HAVE FREELY & L>GELY DISS5T$ FROM HIM1 :]E HE APPE>$ TO ME TO W&] FROM ! PA? ( TRU?4 ,= MY [N P>T1 ,I AM P]SUAD$ ?AT IT CAN ONLY BE BY /RIK+ (F SOME?+ ( 9FLEXIBILITY FROM HIS SY/EM1 & SOME?+ ( P$ANTRY FROM ! COMMON ONE1 ?AT WE CAN EXPECT TO FURNI% A M$IUM1 EQUALLY CONG5IAL TO ! ELEGANCE ( CIVILIZATION1 & ! MANL9ESS ( VIRTUE4 

,9 PURSUANCE ( !SE PR9CIPLES IT %ALL BE MY FIR/ BUS9ESS TO 9QUIRE1 :E!R OR NOT ! LANGUAGES \<T TO MAKE ANY P>T ( ! P]FECT SY/EM ( $UCATION2 & IF !Y \<T1 AT :AT TIME ! %\LD BE COMM5C$4 ,! /UDY ( !M DOES 9DE$ /ILL RETA9 ITS GR\ND 9 \R PUBLIC S*OOLS & UNIV]SITIES4 ,BUT IT HAS RECEIV$ A RUDE .<#f.> %OCK FROM SOME WRIT]S ( ! PRES5T AGE2 NOR HAS ANY ATTACK BE5 MORE =MIDABLE1 ?AN ?AT ( ! AU?OR ( ,EMILE4 ,LET US 5DEAVOR TO EXAM9E ! QUE/ION1 NEI!R ) ! COLD PREJUDICE ( ANTIQUITY ON ! ONE H&2 NOR ON ! O!R1 ) ! TOO EAG] ?RIFT ( NOVELTY1 & UNB\ND$ ADMIRATION ( ! G5IUSES1 BY :OM IT HAS BE5 ATTACK$4 

,:5 WE LOOK BACK TO ! V5]ABLE ANCI5TS1 WE BEHOLD A CLASS ( WRIT]S1 IF NOT ( A MU* HI<] RANK1 AT LEA/ ( A V]Y DIFF]5T *>ACT]1 FROM ! MOD]NS4 ,ONE NATURAL ADVANTAGE !Y 9DISPUTABLY POSSESS$4 ,! FIELD ( NATURE WAS ALL !IR [N4 ,IT HAD NOT YET BE5 BLA/$ BY ANY VULG> BREA?1 OR T\*$ ) A SACRILEGI\S H&4 ,ITS FAIRE/ FL[]S HAD NOT BE5 CULL$1 & ITS *OICE/ SWEETS RIFL$ BE=E !M4 ,AS !Y W]E NOT 5CUMB]$ & H$G$ 9 ) ! MULTITUDE ( !IR PR$ECESSORS1 !Y DID NOT S]VILELY BORR[ !IR .<#g.> KN[L$GE FROM BOOKS2 !Y READ IT 9 ! PAGE ( ! UNIV]SE4 ,!Y /UDI$ NATURE 9 ALL H] ROMANTIC S5SES1 & ALL H] SECRET HAUNTS4 ,!Y /UDI$ M5 9 ! V>I\S RANKS ( SOCIETY1 & 9 DIFF]5T NATIONS ( ! WORLD4 ,I MI<T ADD TO ?IS SEV]AL O!R ADVANTAGES4 ,( !SE ! NOBLE FRE$OM ( M9D ?AT WAS *>ACT]I/IC ( ! REPUBLICANS ( ,GREECE & ,ROME1 & ?AT HAS SC>CELY & P>ALLEL AMONG \RSELVES1 W\LD NOT BE ! LEA/4 

,AGREEABLY TO !SE ADVANTAGES1 !Y ALMO/ EV]Y :]E1 P>TICUL>LY AMONG ! ,GREEKS1 BE> UPON !M ! /AMP ( ORIG9ALITY4 ,ALL COPIES >E FEEBLE & UNM>K$4 ,!Y SACRIFICE ! PLA9NESS ( NATURE TO ! GAUD9ESS ( ORNAM5T1 & ! T9SEL ( WIT4 ,BUT ! ANCI5TS >E FULL ( A NOBLE & AFFECT+ SIMPLICITY4 ,BY ONE T\* ( NATURE & OBS]VATION !Y PA9T A SC5E MORE TRULY1 ?AN !IR SUCCESSORS >E ABLE TO DO 9 :OLE WIRE-DRAWN PAGES4 ,9 DESCRIPTION .<#h.> !Y >E UNEQUAL$4 ,!IR ELOQU5CE IS F]V5T1 MANLY & SONOR\S4 ,!IR ?\<TS >E JU/1 NATURAL1 9DEP5D5T & PR(\ND4 ,! PA?OS ( ,VIRGIL1 & ! SUBLIMITY ( ,HOM]1 HAVE NEV] BE5 SURPASS$4 ,& AS !IR KN[L$GE WAS NOT ACQUIR$ 9 LE>N$ 9DOL5CE1 !Y KNEW H[ TO JO9 ! SEV]E/ APPLICATION ) ! BRI<TE/ G5IUS4 ,ACCORD+LY 9 !IR /YLE !Y HAVE UNIT$ SIMPLICITY1 ELOQU5CE & H>MONY1 9 A MANN] ( :I* ! MOD]NS HAVE SELDOM HAD EV5 AN IDEA4 ,! CORRECTNESS ( A ,CAES>1 & ! SONOR\S P]IOD ( A ,CIC]O2 ! MAJE/Y ( A ,VIRGIL1 & ! POLIT5ESS ( A ,HORACE1 >E SU* AS NO LIV+ LANGUAGE CAN EXPRESS4 

,IT IS ! REM>K ( A C]TA9 OLD-FA%ION$ WRIT]1 @&_?#a#d#g2,! =M ( ! WORLD PASSE? AWAY4@&_?#a#d#h2 ,A C5TURY OR TWO AGO ! GREATE/ WITS W]E KN[N TO HAVE PA!TICALLY LAM5T$1 ?AT ! WRIT]S1 ( :OSE M]ITS ,I HAVE BE5 SPEAK+1 W]E H&$ D[N TO US 9 SO MUTILAT$ A CONDITION4 .<#i.> ,N[ IT SEEMS V]Y PROBABLE1 ?AT1 IF !IR WORKS W]E TOTALLY ANNIHILAT$1 IT W\LD SC>CELY CALL =? A SI< FROM ! REF9$ G5IUSES ( ! PRES5T AGE4 ,IT IS C]TA9LY V]Y POSSIBLE TO C>RY ! PASSION = ANTIQUITY TO A RIDICUL\S EXTREME4 ,NO MAN CAN REASONABLY D5Y1 ?AT IT IS BY US ONLY ?AT ! TRUE SY/EM ( ! UNIV]SE HAS BE5 ASC]TA9$1 & ?AT WE HAVE MADE V]Y VALUABLE IMPROVEM5TS UPON MANY ( ! >TS4 ,NO MAN CAN QUE/ION ?AT SOME ( \R ,5GLI% POETS HAVE EQUAL$ ! ANCI5TS 9 SUBLIMITY1 & ?AT1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 \R NEI<BORS1 ! ,FR5*1 HAVE EMULAT$ ! ELEGANCE ( !IR COMPOSITION 9 A MANN]1 ?AT IS V]Y F> 9DE$ FROM CONTEMPT4 ,FROM !SE CONCESSIONS H[EV] WE >E BY NO MEANS AU?ORIZ$ TO 9F] !IR 9UTILITY4 

,BUT ,I %ALL BE TOLD ?AT 9 ! FIR/ REVIVAL ( LETT]S ! /UDY ( ! ANCI5T LANGUAGES MI<T 9DE$ BE V]Y PROP]2 .<#a.> BUT S9CE ?AT TIME WE HAVE HAD SO MANY EXCELL5T TRANSLATIONS ( EV]Y?+ !Y CONTA91 ?AT TO WA/E ! TIME1 & EXHAU/ ! ACTIVITY ( \R Y\? 9 ! LE>N+ ( ,LAT9 & ,GREEK1 IS TO V]Y LITTLE PURPOSE 9DE$4 ,TRANSLATION6 ,:AT A /RANGE WORD6 ,TO ME ,I CONFESS IT APPE>S ! MO/ UNACC\NTABLE 9V5TION1 ?AT EV] 5T]$ 9TO ! M9D ( MAN4 ,TO DI/ILL ! GL[+ CONCEPTIONS1 & TO TRAVE/Y ! BEAUTIFUL LANGUAGE ( ! ANCI5TS1 ?R\< ! M$IUM ( A LANGUAGE E/RANG$ TO ALL ITS PECULI>ITIES & ALL ITS ELEGANCIES4 ,! BE/ ?\<TS & EXPRESSIONS ( AN AU?OR1 ?OSE ?AT DI/+UI% ONE WRIT] FROM ANO!R1 >E PRECISELY ?OSE ?AT >E LEA/ CAPABLE ( BE+ TRANSLAT$4 ,& :O >E ! M5 WE >E TO EMPLOY 9 ?IS PROMIS+ BUS9ESS8 ,ORIG9AL G5IUS DISDA9S ! UNMEAN+FUL DRUDG]Y4 ,A M9D ?AT HAS ONE FEATURE RESEMBL+ ! ANCI5TS1 WILL SC>CELY /OOP TO BE !IR TRANSLATOR4 ,! P]SONS !N1 TO :OM ! P]=MANCE .<#a#a.> MU/ BE COMMITT$1 >E P]SONS ( COOL ELEGANCE4 ,5D[$ ) A LITTLE B>R5 TA/E1 !Y MU/ BE 9ANIMATE 5\< TO TREAD ) LABORI\S IMBECILITY 9 ! FOOT/EPS ( ANO!R4 ,!Y MU/ BE ET]NALLY 9CAPABLE ( IMBIB+ ! SPIRIT1 & GL[+ ) ! FIRE ( !IR ORIG9AL4 ,BUT WE %ALL SELDOM COME (F SO WELL AS ?IS4 ,! G5]ALITY ( TRANSLATORS >E EI!R ON ! ONE H& M]E P$ANTS & DEAL]S 9 WORDS1 :O1 UND]/&+ ! GRAMMATICAL CON/RUCTION ( A P]IOD1 NEV] GAVE !MSELVES ! TR\BLE TO 9QUIRE1 :E!R IT CONVEY$ EI!R S5TIM5T OR 9/RUCTION2 OR ON ! O!R H& M]E WRIT]S OR HIRE1 ! RETA9]S ( A BOOKSELL]1 M5 :O TRANSLATE ,HOM] FROM ! ,FR5*1 & ,HORACE \T ( ,CREE*4 

,LET IT NOT BE SAID ?AT ,I AM N[ TALK+ AT R&OM4 ,LET US DESC5D TO EXAMPLES4 ,WE NE$ NOT BE AFRAID ( 9/ANC+ 9 ! MO/ FAVORABLE4 ,I .<#a#b.> BELIEVE IT IS G5]ALLY ALL[$ ?AT ,MR4 ,POPE'S ,ILIAD IS ! V]Y BE/ V]SION ?AT WAS EV] MADE \T ( ONE LANGUAGE 9TO ANO!R4 ,IT MU/ BE CONFESS$ TO EXHIBIT V]Y MANY POETICAL BEAUTIES4 ,AS A TRIAL ( SKILL1 AS AN 9/ANCE ( :AT CAN BE EFFECT$ UPON SO =LORN A HOPE1 IT MU/ EV] BE ADMIR$4 ,BUT W]E ,I TO SE>* = A TRUE IDEA ( ! /YLE & COMPOSITION ( ,HOM]1 ,I ?9K ,I %\LD RA!R RECUR TO ! V]BAL TRANSLATION 9 ! M>G9 ( ! ORIG9AL1 ?AN TO ! V]SION ( ,POPE4 ,HOM] IS ! SIMPLE/ & MO/ UNAFFECT$ ( ! POETS4 ,( ALL ! WRIT]S ( ELEGANCE & TA/E ?AT EV] EXI/$1 HIS TRANSLATOR IS ! MO/ ORNAM5T$4 ,WE ACKN[L$GE ,HOM] BY HIS LOOSE & FL[+ ROBE1 ?AT DOES NOT CON/RA9 A MUSCLE ( HIS FRAME4 ,BUT ,POPE PRES5TS HIMSELF 9 ! CLOSE & UNGRACEFUL HABIT ( MOD]N TIMES2 

0,GLITT]+ ) GEMS1 & /IFF ) WOV5 GOLD40 

,NO1 LET US = ONCE CONDUCT \RSELVES ) HONE/Y & G5]OSITY4 ,IF WE WILL .<#a#c.> NOT /UDY ! ANCI5TS 9 !IR [N N]V\S & MANLY PAGE1 LET US CLOSE !IR VOLUMES = EV]4 ,I HAD RA!R1 SAYS ! AMIABLE PHILOSOPH] ( ,*A]ONEA1 IT %\LD BE SAID ( ME1 ?AT !RE NEV] WAS SU* A MAN AS ,PLUT>*1 ?AN ?AT ,PLUT>* WAS ILL-NATUR$1 >BITR>Y1 & TYRANNICAL4 ,& W]E ,I ! B>D ( ,V5USIA1 SURE ,I AM1 ,I HAD RA!R BE 5TIRELY =GOTT51 ?AN NOT TO BE KN[ = ! POLITE1 ! SPIRIT$1 & ! ELEGANT WRIT] ,I REALLY WAS4 

,TO CONV]SE ) ! ACCOMPLI%$1 IS ! OBVI\S ME?OD BY :I* TO BECOME ACCOMPLI%$ \RSELVES4 ,?IS G5]AL OBS]VATION IS EQUALLY APPLICABLE TO ! /UDY ( POLITE WRIT]S ( \R [N & ( O!R C\NTRIES4 ,BUT !RE >E SOME REASONS1 UPON ACC\NT ( :I* WE MAY EXPECT TO D]IVE A MORE P]CEPTIBLE ADVANTAGE FROM ! ANCI5TS4 ,!Y C>RI$ ! >T ( COMPOSITION TO GREAT] HEI<TS ?AN ANY ( ! MOD]NS4 ,!IR .<#a#d.> WRIT]S W]E ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY ( A HI<] RANK 9 SOCIETY1 ?AN \RS4 ,!RE DID NOT !N EXI/ ! TEMPTATION ( GA9 TO SPUR M5 ON TO ! PR(ESSION ( AN AU?OR4 ,AN 9DU/RI\S MOD]N WILL PRODUCE TW5TY VOLUMES1 9 ! TIME ?AT ,ISOCRATES EMPLOY$ TO POLI% ONE ORATION4 

,ANO!R >GUM5T FL[S FROM ! SIMPLE CIRCUM/ANCE ( !IR WRIT+ 9 A DIFF]5T LANGUAGE4 ,( ALL ! REQUISITES TO ! ATTA9M5T EI!R ( A /YLE ( \R [N1 OR A DISC]NM5T 9 ?AT ( O!RS1 ! FIR/ IS GRAMM>4 ,)\T ?IS1 \R IDEAS MU/ BE ALWAYS VAGUE & DESULTORY4 ,RESPECT+ ! DELICACIES ( COMPOSITION1 WE MAY GUESS1 BUT WE CAN NEV] DECIDE & DEMON/RATE4 ,N[1 ( ! M9UTIAE ( GRAMM>1 SC>CELY ANY MAN EV] ATTA9$ A JU/ KN[L$GE1 :O WAS ACQUA9T$ ) ONLY ONE LANGUAGE4 ,& IF ! /UDY ( O!RS BE ! SURE/1 ,I WILL V5TURE ALSO TO PRON\NCE IT ! .<#a#e.> EASIE/ ME?OD = ACQUIR+ A MA/]Y 9 PHILOLOGY4 

,FROM :AT HAS BE5 SAID1 ,I %ALL CONSID] ?IS CONCLUSION AS SUFFICI5TLY E/ABLI%$1 ?AT ! LANGUAGES \<T AT SOME TIME TO BE LE>N$ BY HIM :O W\LD =M TO HIMSELF A P]FECT *>ACT]4 ,I PROCE$ TO MY SECOND 9QUIRY1 AT :AT TIME ! /UDY ( !M %\LD BE COMM5C$8 ,& H]E ,I ?9K ?IS TO BE ! BE/ G5]AL ANSW]3 AT ! AGE ( T5 YE>S4 

,9 FAVOR ( SO E>LY A P]IOD ONE REASON MAY BE D]IV$ FROM :AT ,I HAVE JU/ BE5 M5TION+4 ,! KN[L$GE ( MORE LANGUAGES ?AN ONE1 IS ALMO/ AN 9DISP5SABLE PR]EQUISITE TO ! JU/ UND]/&+ EI!R ( ! SUBJECT ( GRAMM> 9 P>TICUL>1 OR ( ?AT ( /YLE 9 G5]AL4 ,N[ IF ! CULTIVATION ( ELEGANCE & PROPRIETY BE AT ALL IMPORTANT1 IT CANNOT BE 5T]$ UPON .<#a#f.> TOO SON1 PROVID$ ! IDEAS >E ALREADY COMPET5T TO ! CAPACITY ( ! PUPIL4 ,! ,ROMAN ,CORNELIA1 :O NEV] SUFF]$ A PROV9CIAL ACC5T1 OR A GRAMMATICAL B>B>ISM 9 ! HE>+ ( H] *ILDR51 HAS ALWAYS BE5 CIT$ ) COMM5DATION2 & ! SUBSEQU5T RHETORICAL EXCELL5CE ( ! ,GRAC*I HAS BE5 9 A GREAT DEGREE ASCRIB$ TO IT4 ,FLU5CY1 PURITY & EASE >E TO BE ACQUIR$ BY 9S5SIBLE DEGREES2 & AGA9/ HABITS ( ?IS K9D ,I APPREH5D !RE CAN BE NO OBJECTION4 

,ANO!R >GUM5T ( /ILL GREAT] IMPORTANCE IS1 ?AT ! KN[L$GE ( LANGUAGES HAS SC>CELY EV] BE5 MA/]$1 BUT BY ?OSE1 ! COMM5CEM5T ( :OSE ACQUA9TANCE ) !M WAS E>LY4 ,TO BE ACQUA9T$ ) ANY SCI5CE SLI<TLY & SUP]FICIALLY1 CAN 9 MY OP9ION BE PRODUCTIVE ( LITTLE ADVANTAGE4 ,BUT SU* AN ACQUA9TANCE ) LANGUAGES MU/ BE V]Y USELESS 9DE$4 ,:AT B5EFIT CAN .<#a#g.> IT BE EXPECT$ ?AT WE %\LD D]IVE FROM AN AU?OR1 :OM WE CANNOT P]USE ) FACILITY & PLEASURE8 ,! /UDY ( SU* AN AU?OR WILL DEM& A P>TICUL> /R5G? ( RESOLUTION1 & APTITUDE ( HUMOR4 ,HE CAN SC>CELY BECOME ! FAVORITE COMPANION ( \R RETIREM5T1 & ! NEV]-FAIL+ SOLACE ( \R C>ES4 ,SOME?+ ( SL[ & SATURN9E MU/ BE ! NECESS>Y ACCOMPANIM5T ( ?AT DISPOSITION1 ?AT CAN CONQU] ! DIFFICULTIES ( SU* A PURSUIT4 ,& ACCORD+LY WE F9D ?AT ! CLASSES & ! S*OOL >E G5]ALLY QUITT$ TOGE!R1 EV5 BY P]SONS ( TA/E1 :O HAVE NOT ACQUIR$ A COMPET5T MA/]Y ( !M 9 !IR C\RSE ( $UCATION4 ,V]Y FEW 9DE$ HAVE BE5 ?OSE1 :O1 E/RANG$ TO ! LANGUAGES TILL ! AGE ( MANHOOD1 HAVE AFT] ?AT P]IOD OBTA9$ SU* A FAMILI>ITY ) !M1 AS C\LD EV] BE PRODUCTIVE ( ANY CONSID]ABLE ADVANTAGE4 .<#a#h.> ,BRUTES & SAVAGES >E TOTALLY UNACQUA9T$ ) LASSITUDE & SPLE51 ! LU/ ( V>IETY1 & ! IMPATI5CE ( CURIOSITY4 ,9 A /ATE ( SOCIETY \R IDEAS HABITUALLY SUCCE$ 9 A C]TA9 PROPORTION1 & AN EMPLOYM5T ?AT RET>DS !IR PROGRESS1 SPE$ILY BECOMES DISAGREEABLE & T$I\S4 ,BUT *ILDR51 NOT HAV+ YET FELT ?IS EFFECT ( CIVILIZATION1 >E NOT SUSCEPTIBLE TO ?IS CAUSE ( DISGU/4 ,!Y >E 5D[$ ) A PLIABL5ESS & V]SATILITY ( M9D1 ?AT ) A LITTLE ATT5TION & MANAGEM5T MAY EASILY BE TURN$ TO ANY PURSUIT4 ,!IR UND]/&+S NOT YET PREOCCUPI$1 !Y HAVE A S+UL> FACILITY ( APPREH5D+1 & /R5G? ( RET5TION4 ,IT IS C]TA9 ?IS PLIABL5ESS & FACILITY >E V]Y LIABLE TO ABUSE4 ,IT IS NOT EASY TO BELIEVE1 ?AT !Y W]E GIV5 TO LE>N WORDS )\T MEAN+2 T]MS ( >T1 NOT UND]/OOD BY ! PUPIL2 ! SY/EMS ( !OLOGIANS1 & ! J>GON ( METAPHYSICS4 ,BUT !N NEI!R W]E !Y GIV5 )\T A CAPACITY .<#a#i.> ( BE+ TURN$ TO ADVANTAGE4 ,& IT %\LD SEEM ?AT IT C\LD NOT BE A V]Y FALLACI\S ANTIDOTE TO ABUSE1 TO CONF9E \R 9/RUCTIONS TO SU* K9DS ( KN[L$GE1 AS >E ( ! HI<E/ IMPORTANCE1 & >E SELDOM LE>N$ ) SUCCESS1 & EV5 SC>CELY ATTA9ABLE1 AT ANY O!R P]IOD4 

,LET IT BE OBS]V$ ?AT ,I HAVE NOT FIX$ UPON ! AGE ( T5 YE>S AT R&OM4 ,IT IS ! OBS]VATION ( ,R\SSEAU2 ,BO? *ILDR5 & M5 >E ESS5TIALLY FEEBLE4 ,*ILDR51 BECAUSE H[EV] FEW BE !IR WANTS1 !Y >E UNABLE TO SUPPLY !M4 ,M51 9 A /ATE ( SOCIETY1 BECAUSE :ATEV] BE !IR ABSOLUTE /R5G?1 ! PLAY ( ! IMAG9ATION R5D]S !IR DESIRES YET GREAT]4 ,!RE IS AN 9T]M$IATE P]IOD1 9 :I* \R P[]S HAV+ MADE SOME PROGRESS1 & ! >TIFICIAL & IMAG9>Y WANTS BE+ UNKN[N1 WE >E RELATIVELY /RONG4 ,& ?IS HE REPRES5TS AS ! PR9CIPAL P]IOD .<#b.> ( 9/RUCTION4 ,?IS REM>K IS 9DE$ /ILL MORE /RIK+1 :5 APPLI$ TO A PUPIL1 PROGRESS ( :OSE IMAG9ATION IS S$UL\SLY RET>D$4 ,BUT IT IS NOT DE/ITUTE EI!R ( TRU? OR UTILITY 9 ! MO/ G5]AL APPLICATION WE CAN POSSIBLY GIVE IT4 ,LET IT BE OBS]V$1 ?AT ,R\SSEAU FIXES ! COMM5CEM5T ( ?IS P]IOD AT TWELVE YE>S4 ,I W\LD *OOSE TO TAKE IT AT T54 

,H[EV] WE MAY F9D IT CONV5I5T TO DI/RIBUTE ! PRODUCTIONS ( NATURE 9TO CLASSES1 & H] OP]ATIONS 9TO EPO*AS1 YET LET IT BE REMEMB]$1 ?AT H] PROGRESS IS SIL5T & IMP]CEPTIBLE4 ,BETWE5 A P]FECT ANIMAL & VEGETABLE1 ! DI/9CTION IS ( ! HI<E/ ORD]4 ,BETWE5 DI/ANT P]IODS WE MAY REM>K ! MO/ IMPORTANT DIFF]5CES4 ,BUT ! GRADATIONS ( NATURE >E UN9T]RUPT$4 ,( H] *A9 EV]Y L9K IS COMPLEAT4 ,AS !RE=E ,I %ALL F9D 9 COMM5C+ AT T5 YE>S1 ?AT MY TIME WILL BE B>ELY .<#b#a.> SUFFICI5T = ! PURPOSES TO :I* ,I W\LD APPROPRIATE IT1 ,I CONSID] ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE AS SUFFICI5T TO DET]M9E MY ELECTION4 ,A Y\? ( T5 YE>S IS OMNIPOT5T1 IF WE CONTRA/ HIM ) A Y\? ( EI<T4 

,BUT IF ! LANGUAGES CON/ITUTE SO VALUABLE A P>T ( A JU/ SY/EM ( $UCATION1 ! NEXT QUE/ION IS1 9 :AT MANN] !Y >E TO BE TAU<T4 ,9DE$1 ,I BELIEVE1 IF ! P]SONS EMPLOY$ 9 ! BUS9ESS ( $UCATION HAD TAK5 HALF ! PA9S TO SMOO? ! ACCESS TO ?IS DEP>TM5T ( LIT]ATURE1 ?AT !Y HAVE EMPLOY$ TO PLANT IT R\ND ) BRI]S & ?ORNS1 ITS UTILITY & PROPRIETY1 9 ! VIEW WE >E N[ CONSID]+ IT1 W\LD SC>CELY HAVE BE5 QUE/ION$4 

,!RE IS SOME?+ NECESS>ILY DISGU/+ 9 ! =MS ( GRAMM>4 ,GRAMM> !RE=E IS MADE 9 \R PUBLIC S*OOLS ! BUS9ESS ( A TWELVEMON?4 .<#b#b.> ,RULES >E HEAP$ UPON RULES ) LABORI\S /UPIDITY4 ,TO R5D] !M ! MORE =MIDABLE1 !Y >E PRES5T$ TO \R Y\? 9 ! V]Y LANGUAGE1 ! FIR/ PR9CIPLES ( :I* !Y >E DESIGN$ TO TEA*4 ,= MY [N P>T1 ,I AM P]SUAD$ ! :OLE BUS9ESS ( GRAMM> MAY BE DISPAT*$ 9 A =TNI<T4 ,I W\LD ONLY TEA* ! DECL5SIONS ( N\NS1 & ! 9FLECTIONS ( V]BS4 ,= ! RE/1 NO?+ IS SO EASILY DEMON/RAT$1 AS ?AT ! AUXILI>Y SCI5CES >E BE/ COMMUNICAT$ 9 CONNECTION ) !IR PR9CIPALS4 ,*RONOLOGY1 GEOGRAPHY1 >E NEV] SO ?OR\<LY UND]/OOD1 AS BY HIM ?AT TREATS !M LIT]ALLY AS ! H&MAID ( HI/ORY4 ,HE1 :O IS 9/RUCT$ 9 ,LAT9 ) CLE>NESS & ACCURACY1 WILL NEV] BE AT A LOSS = ! RULES ( GRAMM>4 

,BUT TO COMPLETE ! DISGU/ WE SEEM SO C>EFUL TO 9SPIRE1 ! LE>N$ LANGUAGES >E EV] SURR\ND$ ) ! SEV]ITY .<#b#c.> ( DISCIPL9E2 & IT W\LD PROBABLY BE ?\<T LITTLE %ORT ( SACRILEGE TO DISCOMPOSE !IR FEATURES ) A SMILE4 ,SU* A MODE ( PROCE$+ CAN NEV] BE SUFFICI5TLY EXECRAT$4 

,9DE$1 ,I %ALL BE TOLD1 0?IS IS ! TIME TO CORRECT ! NATIVE VISES ( ! M9D4 ,9 *ILDHOOD ! 9FLU5CE ( PA9 & MORTIFICATION IS COMP>ATIVELY TRIFL+4 ,:AT !N CAN BE MORE JUDICI\S ?AN TO ACCUMULATE UPON ?IS P]IOD1 :AT MU/ O!RWISE FALL ) T5FOLD MIS*IEF UPON ! AGE ( MATURITY80 ,9 ANSW] TO ?IS REASON+1 LET IT BE FIR/ CONSID]$1 H[ MANY !RE >E1 :O BY ! S5T5CE ( NATURE >E CALL$ \T ( EXI/5CE1 BE=E !Y CAN LIVE TO REAP !SE BOA/$ ADVANTAGES4 ,:I* ( Y\ IS !RE1 ?AT HAS NOT AT SOME TIME REGRETT$ ?AT AGE1 9 :I* A SMILE IS EV] UPON ! C\NT5ANCE1 & PEACE & S]5ITY AT ! BOTTOM ( ! HE>T8 ,H[ IS IT Y\ CAN CONS5T TO .<#b#d.> DEPRIVE !SE LITTLE 9NOC5TS ( AN 5JOYM5T1 ?AT SLIDES SO FA/ AWAY8 ,H[ IS IT Y\ CAN F9D 9 Y\R HE>T TO PALL !SE FLEET+ YE>S ) BITT]NESS & SLAV]Y8 ,! UNDESIGN+ GAIETY ( Y\? HAS ! /RONGE/ CALIM UPON Y\R HUMANITY4 ,!RE IS NOT 9 ! WORLD A TRU] OBJECT ( PITY1 ?AN A *ILD T]RIFI$ AT EV]Y GLANCE1 & WAT*+1 ) ANXI\S UNC]TA9TY1 ! CAPRICES ( A P$AGOGUE4 ,IF HE SURVIVE1 ! LIB]TY ( MANHOOD IS DE>LY B\<T BY SO MANY HE>T A*ES4 ,& IF HE DIE1 HAPPY TO ESCAPE Y\R CRUELTY1 ! ONLY ADVANTAGE HE D]IVES FROM ! SUFF]+S Y\ HAVE 9FLICT$1 IS ?AT ( NOT REGRETT+ A LIFE1 ( :I* HE KNEW NO?+ BUT ! TORM5TS4 

,BUT :O IS IT ?AT HAS TOLD Y\1 ?AT ! C]TA91 OR EV5 ! PROBABLE CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS SEV]ITY >E B5EFICIAL8 ,NO?+ IS SO EASILY PROV$1 AS ?AT ! HUMAN M9D IS PURE & SPOTLESS1 AS IT CAME FROM ! H&S ( ,GOD1 & ?AT .<#b#e.> ! VISES ( :I* Y\ COMPLA91 HAVE !IR REAL S\RCE 9 ?OSE %ALL[ & CONTEMPTIBLE PRECAUTIONS1 ?AT Y\ PRET5D TO EMPLOY AGA9/ !M4 ,( ALL ! CONDITIONS TO :I* WE >E 9CID5T1 !RE IS NONE SO UNPROPITI\S TO :ATEV] IS +5U\S & HONORABLE1 AS ?AT ( A SLAVE4 ,IT PLUCKS AWAY BY ! ROOT ALL S5SE ( DIGNITY1 & ALL MANLY CONFID5CE4 ,9 ?OSE NATIONS ( ANTIQUITY1 MO/ CELEBRAT$ = =TITUDE & H]OISM1 !IR Y\? HAD NEV] !IR HAU<TY & UNSUBMITT+ NECK B[$ TO ! +LORI\S YOKE ( A P$AGOGUE4 ,TO BORR[ ! IDEA ( ?AT GALLANT ASS]TOR ( HUMANITY1 SIR ,RI*>D ,/EELE3 ,I WILL NOT SAY ?AT \R PUBLIC S*OOLS HAVE NOT PRODUC$ MANY GREAT & ILLU/RI\S *>ACT]S2 BUT ,I WILL ASS]T1 !RE WAS NOT ONE ( ?OSE *>ACT]S1 ?AT W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 MORE MANLY & V5]ABLE1 IF !Y HAD NEV] BE5 SUBJECT$ TO ?IS VILE & SORDID CONDITION4 

.<#b#f.> ,HAV+ ?US SET ASIDE ! PR9CIPAL CORRUPTIONS ( MOD]N $UCATION1 ! DEVIS+ ME?ODS = FACILITAT+ ! ACQUISITION ( LANGUAGES WILL NOT BE DIFFICULT4 ,! FIR/ BOOKS PUT 9TO ! H&S ( A PUPIL %\LD BE SIMPLE1 9T]E/+1 & AGREEABLE4 ,BY !IR MEANS1 HE WILL P]CEIVE A REASONABL5ESS & A BEAUTY 9 ! PURSUIT4 ,IF HE BE 5D[$ BY NATURE ) A CLE> UND]/&+1 & ! SMALLE/ PROP5SITY TO LIT]ATURE1 HE WILL NE$ V]Y LITTLE TO /IMULATE HIM EI!R FROM HOPE OR FE>4 

,ATT5TIVE TO ! NATIVE GAIETY ( Y\?1 ! P]IODS1 9 :I* HIS ATT5TION IS REQUIR$1 ?\< FREQU5T 9 !IR RETURNS1 %\LD 9 !IR DURATION BE %ORT & 9OPPRESSIVE4 ,! PUPIL %\LD DO NO?+ M]ELY BECAUSE HE IS SE5 OR HE>D BY HIS PRECEPTOR4 ,IF HE HAVE COMPANIONS1 /ILL NO?+ MORE IS REQUISITE1 ?AN ?AT DEGREE ( SIL5CE & ORD]1 :I* %ALL H9D] ! ATT5TION ( ANY FROM BE+ .<#b#g.> 9VOLUNT>ILY DIV]T$4 ,! PUPIL HAS NO?+ TO CONCEAL1 & NO NE$ ( FALSEHOOD4 ,! APPROBATION ( ! PRECEPTOR RESPECTS ONLY :AT COMES DIRECTLY UND] HIS COGNIZANCE1 & CANNOT BE DISGUIS$4 ,EV5 H]E1 REMEMB]+ ! VOLATILITY & SPRI<TL9ESS1 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! AGE1 HUMANITY WILL 9DUCE HIM NOT TO ANIMADV]T ) W>M? UPON ! APPE>ANCES ( A CASUAL DI/RACTION1 BUT HE WILL RA!R SOLICIT ! RETURN ( ATT5TION BY G5TL5ESS1 ?AN SEV]ITY4 

,BUT ( ALL RULES1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT IS ?AT ( ! PRES]V+ AN UNI=M1 EV5 T5OR ( CONDUCT4 ,9TO ! GOV]NM5T ( Y\? PASSION & CAPRICE %\LD NEV] 5T]4 ,! G5TLE YOKE ( ! PRECEPTOR %\LD BE CONF\ND$ AS MU* AS POSSIBLE1 ) ! ET]NAL LAWS ( NATURE & NECESSITY4 ,! CELEBRAT$ MAXIM ( REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T %\LD BE ADOPT$ H]E4 ,! LAWS %\LD SPEAK1 & ! MAGI/RATE BE SIL5T4 ,! CON/ITUTION .<#b#h.> %\LD BE = EV] UN*ANGEABLE & 9DEP5D5T ( ! *>ACT] ( HIM ?AT ADM9I/]S IT4 

,NO?+ CAN C]TA9LY BE MORE ABSURD ?AN ! ATTEMPT TO $UCATE *ILDR5 BY REASON4 ,WE MAY BE SURE !Y WILL TREAT EV]Y DET]M9ATION AS CAPRICI\S1 ?AT %OCKS !IR 9CL9ATION4 ,! *EF D'OEUVRE ( A GOOD $UCATION IS TO =M A REASONABLE HUMAN BE+2 & YET !Y PRET5D TO GOV]N A *ILD BY >GUM5T & RATIOC9ATION4 ,?IS IS TO 5T] UPON ! WORK AT ! WRONG 5D1 & TO 5DEAVOR TO CONV]T ! FABRIC ITSELF 9TO ONE ( ! TOOLS BY :I* IT IS CON/RUCT$4 ,! LAWS ( ! PRECEPTOR \<T TO BE AS F9AL & 9FLEXIBLE1 AS !Y >E MILD & HUMANE4 

,!RE IS YET ANO!R ME?OD = FACILITAT+ ! ACQUISITION ( LANGUAGES1 SO JU/ 9 ITSELF1 & SO UNIV]SALLY PRACTICABLE1 ?AT ,I CANNOT =BE> M5TION+ .<#b#i.> IT4 ,IT IS ?AT ( COMM5C+ ) ! MOD]N LANGUAGES1 ,FR5* = 9/ANCE 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,!SE 9 ! $UCATION ( \R Y\?1 >E UNIV]SALLY PO/PON$ TO :AT >E /IL$ ! LE>N$ LANGUAGES4 ,I %ALL P]HAPS BE TOLD ?AT MOD]N TONGUES BE+ 9 A GREAT MEASURE D]IV$ FROM ! ,LAT91 ! LATT] IS V]Y PROP]LY TO BE CONSID]$ AS 9TRODUCTORY TO ! =M]4 ,BUT :Y !N DO WE NOT ADOPT ! SAME CONDUCT 9 EV]Y 9/ANCE8 ,:Y TO ! ,LAT9 DO WE NOT PREMISE ! ,GREEK1 & TO ! ,GREEK ! ,COPTIC & ,ORI5TAL TONGUES8 ,OR H[ LONG S9CE IS IT1 ?AT ! SYN!TIC HAS BE5 PROV$ SO MU* SUP]IOR TO ! ANALYTIC MODE ( 9/RUCTION8 ,9 FEMALE $UCATION1 ! MOD]N LANGUAGES >E TAU<T )\T ALL ?IS PREP>ATION2 NOR DO ,I F9D ?AT \R FAIR RIVALS >E AT ALL 9F]IOR TO ! G5]ALITY O F\R SEX 9 !IR PR(ICI5CY4 ,) ! Y\? ( S5SE & SPIRIT ( BO? SEXES1 ! LE>N+ ( ,FR5* IS USUALLY CONSID]$1 RA!R AS A PLEASURE1 .<#c.> ?AN A BURD54 ,W]E ! ,LAT9 COMMUNICAT$ 9 ! SAME MILD & ACCOMMODAT+ MANN]1 ,I ?9K ,I MAY V5TURE TO PRON\NCE1 ?AT ?US TAK5 9 ! SECOND PLACE1 !RE WILL BE NO GREAT DIFFICULTY 9 R5D]+ IT EQUALLY ATTRACTIVE4 

,I W\LD JU/ OBS]VE ?AT !RE IS AN OBVI\S PROPRIETY 9 ! ,FR5* LANGUAGE BE+ LE>N$ UND] ! SAME DIRECTION1 AS ! ,LAT9 & ,GREEK4 ,! PURSUIT ( ?IS ELEGANT ACCOMPLI%M5T \<T AT NO TIME TO BE 5TIRELY OMITT$4 ,BUT ! ATT5TION ( Y\? IS DI/RACT$ BETWE5 ! ME?OD ( DIFF]5T MA/]S1 & !IR AMIABLE CONFID5CE1 9 ! DIRECTION UND] :I* !Y >E PLAC$1 5TIRELY RU9$ BY MUTABILITY & 9CON/ANCE4 ,! SAME OBS]VATION MAY ALSO BE APPLI$ H]E1 AS 9 ! LE>N$ LANGUAGES4 ,! ATT5TION ( ! PUPIL %\LD BE CONF9$ AS MU* AS POSSIBLE TO ! MO/ CLASSICAL WRIT]S2 & ! ,FR5* W\LD FURNI% A MO/ USEFUL SUBSIDI>Y 9 A C\RSE ( .<#c#a.> HI/ORY4 ,LET ME ADD1 ?AT ?\< ,I HAVE PRESCRIB$ ! AGE ( T5 YE>S1 AS ! MO/ ELIGIBLE = ! COMM5CEM5T ( CLASSICAL $UCATION1 ,I CONCEIVE !RE W\LD BE NO IMPROPRIETY 9 TAK+ UP ! MOD]N LANGUAGE SO E>LY AS N9E4 

,SU* !N IS ! K9D ( SUBJECTION1 ?AT ! LE>N+ ( LANGUAGES DEM&S4 ,! QUE/ION ?AT RECURS UPON US IS2 ,H[ F> ?IS SUBJECTION MAY FAIRLY BE CONSID]$ AS EXCEPTIONABLE1 & :E!R ITS B5EFICIAL CONSEQU5CES DO NOT 9F9ITELY \TWEI< ! TRIFL+ 9CONV5I5CES ?AT MAY /ILL BE ASCRIB$ TO IT8 

,BUT !RE IS ANO!R SUBJECT ?AT DEM&S \R CONSID]ATION4 ,MOD]N $UCATION NOT ONLY CORRUPTS ! HE>T ( \R Y\?1 BY ! RIGID SLAV]Y TO :I* IT CONDEMNS !M1 IT ALSO UND]M9ES !IR REASON1 BY ! UN9TELLIGIBLE J>GON ) :I* !Y >E OV]:ELM$ 9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE1 & ! LITTLE ATT5TION1 .<#c#b.> ?AT IS GIV5 TO ! ACCOMMODAT+ !IR PURSUITS TO !IR CAPACITIES 9 ! SECOND4 

,NO?+ CAN HAVE A GREAT] T5D5CY TO CLOG & DE/ROY ! NATIVE ACTIVITY ( ! M9D1 ?AN ! PR(US5ESS ) :I* ! MEMORY ( *ILDR5 IS LOAD$1 BY NURSES1 BY MO!RS1 BY MA/]S4 ,:AT CAN MORE CORRUPT ! JUDGM5T1 ?AN ! COMMUNICAT+1 )\T MEASURE1 & )\T 5D1 WORDS 5TIRELY DEVOID ( MEAN+8 ,:AT CAN HAVE A MORE RIDICUL\S 9FLU5CE UPON \R TA/E1 ?AN = ! FIR/ V]SES TO :I* \R ATT5TION IS DEM&$1 TO CONSI/ ( SU* /RANGE & UNC\? J>GON8 ,TO COMPLETE ! ABSURDITY1 & ?AT WE MAY D]IVE ALL ?AT ELEGANCE & REF9EM5T FROM ! /UDY ( LANGUAGES1 ?AT IT IS CALCULAT$ TO AF=D1 \R FIR/ IDEAS ( ,LAT9 >E TO BE COLLECT$ FROM SU* AU?ORS1 AS ,CORD]IUS1 ,]ASMUS1 ,EUTROPIUS1 & ! ,SELECTAE4 ,TO BEG9 9DE$ ) ! CLASSICAL WRIT]S1 IS NOT ! .<#c#c.> TO SMOO? ! PA? ( LIT]ATURE4 ,I AM ( OP9ION H[EV]1 ?AT ONE ( ! ABOVE-M5TION$ AU?ORS WILL BE ABUNDANTLY SUFFICI5T4 ,LET IT BE REMEMB]$1 ?AT ! PASSAGE FROM ! 9TRODUCTORY /UDIES TO ?OSE AU?ORS1 ?AT =M ! V]Y ESS5CE ( ! LANGUAGE1 WILL BE MU* FACILITAT$ BY ! PREVI\S ACQUISITION ( ! ,FR5*4 

,HAV+ SPOK5 ( ! >TICLE ( MEMORY1 LET ME BE P]MITT$ TO M5TION ! PRACTICE1 ?AT HAS ( LATE GA9$ SO GREAT A VOGUE2 ! 9/RUCT+ ( *ILDR5 9 ! >T ( SP\T+ & ACT+ PLAYS4 ,( ALL ! QUALITIES 9CID5T TO HUMAN NATURE1 ! MO/ UNIV]SALLY ATTRACTIVE IS SIMPLICITY1 ! MO/ DISGU/+ IS AFFECTATION4 ,N[ :AT IDEA HAS A *ILD ( ! PASSIONS ( A H]O1 & ! DI/RESSES ( ROYALTY8 ,BUT HE IS TAU<T ! MO/ VEHEM5T UTT]ANCE1 & A ?\S& CON/RA9$ CAD5CES1 )\T ITS BE+ POSSIBLE ?AT HE %\LD SEE 9 !M1 EI!R REASONABL5ESS OR PROPRIETY4 

.<#c#d.> ,I W\LD NOT HAVE A *ILD REQUIR$ TO COMMIT ANY ?+ TO MEMORY MORE ?AN IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y4 ,IF1 H[EV]1 HE BE A Y\? ( SPIRIT1 HE WILL PROBABLY LEAN SOME ?+S 9 ?IS MANN]1 & ! SOON] BECAUSE IT IS NOT EXPECT$ ( HIM4 ,IT WILL BE ( USE = HIM TO REPEAT !SE ) A GRAVE & DI/9CT VOICE1 ACCOMMODAT$ TO ?OSE CAD5CES1 :I* ! COMMAS1 ! P]IODS1 & ! NOTES ( 9T]ROGATION1 M>K$ 9 HIS AU?OR1 MAY REQUIRE1 BUT )\T ! SMALLE/ 9/RUCTION TO HUMOR ! GAY1 OR TO SADD5 ! PLA9TIVE4 

,ANO!R >TICLE1 ?AT MAKES A CONSPICU\S FIGURE 9 ! $UCATION ( \R Y\?1 IS COMPOSITION4 ,BE=E !Y >E ACQUA9T$ ) ! TRUE DIFF]5CE BETWE5 V]SE & PROSE1 BE=E !Y >E PREP>$ TO DECIDE UPON ! POETICAL M]IT ( ,LILY & ,VIRGIL1 !Y >E CALL$ UPON TO WRITE ,LAT9 V]SE !MSELVES4 ,9 ! SAME MANN] SOME ( !IR FIR/ .<#c#e.> PROSE COMPOSITIONS >E 9 A DEAD LANGUAGE4 ,AN UNI=M1 PETTY1 RIDICUL\S S*EME IS LAID D[N1 & )9 ?AT S*EME ALL !IR ?\<TS >E TO BE CIRCUMSCRIB$4 

,COMPOSITION IS C]TA9LY A DESIRABLE >T1 & ,I ?9K CAN SC>CELY BE 5T]$ UPON TOO SOON4 ,IT %\LD BE ONE 5D AFT] :I* ,I W\LD 5DEAVOR1 & ! MODE ( EFFECT+ IT WILL BE F>!R ILLU/RAT$ 9 ! SEQUEL1 TO SOLICIT A PUPIL TO FAMILI>ITY1 & TO 9DUCE HIM TO DISCLOSE HIS ?\<TS UPON SU* SUBJECTS AS W]E COMPET5T TO HIS CAPACITY1 9 AN HONE/ & SIMPLE MANN]4 ,AFT] HAV+ ?US W>M$ HIM BY DEGREES1 IT MI<T BE PROP] TO DIRECT HIM TO WRITE D[N HIS ?\<TS1 )\T ANY PRESCRIB$ ME?OD1 9 ! NATURAL & SPONTANE\S MANN]1 9 :I* !Y FL[$ FROM HIS M9D4 ,?US ! TALK ( ?R[+ HIS REFLECTIONS UPON PAP] W\LD BE FACILITAT$ TO HIM1 & HIS /YLE GRADUALLY .<#c#f.> =M$1 )\T TEA*+ HIM ANY K9D ( RE/RA9T & AFFECTION4 ,TO ! READ] :O 5T]S AT ALL 9TO MY IDEAS UPON ! SUBJECT1 IT W]E NE$LESS TO SUBJO9 ?AT ,I %\LD NEV] ?9K ( PUTT+ A Y\? UPON ! COMPOSITION ( V]SE4 

,FROM ALL ,I HAVE SAID IT WILL BE SUFFICI5TLY EVID5T1 ?AT IT W\LD BE A CON/ANT OBJECT ) ME TO MODEL MY 9/RUCTIONS TO ! CAPACITY ( MY PUPIL4 ,!Y >E BOOKS1 ?AT BEYOND ALL ?+S TEA* US TO TALK )\T ?9K+1 & USE WORDS )\T MEAN+4 ,TO ?IS EVIL !RE CAN BE NO COMPLETE REM$Y4 ,BUT %ALL WE ABOLI% LIT]ATURE1 BECAUSE IT IS NOT UNACCOMPANI$ ) 9CONV5I5CIES8 ,%ALL WE RETURN TO A /ATE ( SAVAGE IGNORANCE1 BECAUSE ALL ! ADVANTAGES ( CIVILIZATION HAVE !IR ATT5DANT DISADVANTAGES8 

,! ONLY REM$Y ?AT CAN BE APPLI$1 IS TO ACCU/OM \RSELVES TO CLE> & ACCURATE .<#c#g.> 9VE/IGATION4 ,TO PREF]1 :]EV] WE CAN HAVE REC\RSE TO IT1 ! BOOK ( NATURE TO ANY HUMAN COMPOSITION4 ,TO BEG9 ) ! LATT] AS LATE AS MAY BE CONSI/5T ) ! MO/ IMPORTANT PURPOSES ( $UCATION4 ,& :5 WE DO BEG91 SO TO >RANGE \R /UDIES1 AS ?AT WE MAY COMM5CE ) ! SIMPLE/ & EASIE/ SCI5CES1 & PROPORTION \R PROGRESS TO ! UND]/&+ ( ! PUPIL8 

,) RESPECT TO GRAMM> 9 P>TICUL>1 ! DECL5SIONS ( N\NS1 & ! 9FLECTIONS ( V]BS1 WE MAY OBS]VE1 ?AT TO LE>N WORDS TO :I* ABSOLUTELY NO IDEAS >E AFFIX$1 IS NOT TO LE>N TO ?9K LOOSELY1 & TO BELIEVE )\T BE+ CONV9C$4 ,!SE C]TA9LY CAN NEV] CORRUPT ! M9D4 ,& ,I SUPPOSE NO ONE WILL PRET5D1 ?AT TO LE>N GRAMM>1 IS TO BE L$ TO 5T]TA9 9ACCURATE NOTIONS ( ! SUBJECTS1 & :I* IT IS P>TICUL>LY CONV]SANT4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 .<#c#h.> ! IDEAS ( GRAMM> >E EXCE$+LY CLE> & ACCURATE4 ,IT HAS1 9 MY OP9ION1 ALL ?OSE ADVANTAGES1 BY :I* ! /UDY ( GEOMETRY IS USUALLY RECOMM5D$1 )\T ANY ( ITS DISADVANTAGES4 ,IT T5DS MU* TO PURGE ! UND]/&+1 TO R5D] IT CLOSE 9 ITS 9VE/IGATIONS1 & SURE 9 ITS DECISIONS4 ,IT 9TRODUCES MORE EASILY & 9TELLIGIBLY ?AN MA!MATICAL SCI5CE1 ?AT MO/ DIFFICULT ( ALL ! M5TAL OP]ATIONS1 AB/RACTION4 ,IT IMP]CEPTIBLY 5L>GES \R CONCEPTIONS1 & G5]ALIZES \R IDEAS4 

,BUT IF TO READ ITS AU?ORS1 BE ! MO/ VALUABLE PURPOSE ( LE>N+ A LANGUAGE1 ! GRAMM> WILL NOT BE SUFFICI5T4 ,O!R BOOKS WILL BE NECESS>Y4 ,& H[ %ALL !SE BE *OS51 SO AS NOT TO LEAVE BEH9D US ! UND]/&+ ( \R PUPIL8 ,%ALL WE 9TRODUCE HIM FIR/ TO ! SUBLIME FLI<TS ( ,VIRGIL1 ! PHILOSOPHICAL 9VE/IGATIONS ( A ,CIC]O1 OR ! REF9$ .<#c#i.> ELEGANCE & GAY SATIRE ( ,HORACE8 ,ALAS6 IF ?US 9TRODUC$ UNPREP>$ TO ! NOBLE/ HEI<TS ( SCI5CE1 H[ CAN IT BE EXPECT$ ?AT HIS UND]/&+ %\LD ESCAPE ! %IPWRECK1 & EV]Y ATOM ( COMMON S5SE NOT BE DA%$ & SCATT]$ T5 ?\S& WAYS8 

,! /UDY !N ,I W\LD H]E 9TRODUCE1 %\LD BE ?AT ( HI/ORY4 ,& ?AT ?IS /UDY IS NOT IMPROP] TO ! AGE ) :I* ,I CONNECT IT1 IS ! SECOND PO9T ,I W\LD 5DEAVOR TO DEMON/RATE4 

,BUT IS HI/ORY1 ,I %ALL BE ASK$1 ! /UDY SO PROP] = UN9/RUCT$ M9DS8 ,HI/ORY1 ?AT MAY 9 SOME MEASURE BE CONSID]$ AS CONC5T]+ 9 ITSELF ! ELEM5TS ( ALL ! O!R SCI5CES8 ,HI/ORY1 BY :I* WE >E 9=M$ ( ! RISE & PROGRESS ( EV]Y >T1 & BY :OSE TE/IMONY ! COMP>ATIVE EXCELL5CE ( EV]Y >T IS ASC]TA9$8 ,HI/ORY1 ! .<#d.> V]Y TE/IMONY ( :I* IS NOT TO BE ADMITT$1 )\T ! PREVI\S TRIAL ( METAPHYSICAL SCRUT9Y1 & PHILOSOPHIC 9VE/IGATION8 ,LA/LY1 ,HI/ORY1 ?AT IS TO BE CONSID]$ AS A CONT9UAL ILLU/RATION ( ! >TS ( =TIFICATION & TACTICS2 BUT ABOVE ALL ( POLITICS1 ) ITS V>I\S APP5DAGES1 COMM]CE1 MANUFACTURE1 F9ANCES8 

,TO ALL ?IS1 ,I CALMLY ANSW]1 ,NO3 IT IS NOT HI/ORY 9 ANY ( !SE =MS1 ?AT CON/ITUTES ! SCI5CE TO :I* ,I W\LD DIRECT ! ATT5TION ( MY PUPIL4 ,( ! UTILITY ( ! HI/ORY ( >TS & SCI5CE1 AT LEA/1 AS A G5]AL /UDY1 ,I HAVE NO V]Y HI< OP9ION4 ,BUT W]E MY OP9ION EV] SO EXALT$1 ,I %\LD C]TA9LY *USE TO PO/PONE ?IS /UDY = ! PRES5T4 ,I %\LD HAVE AS LITTLE TO DO ) TACTICS & =TIFICATION4 ,I W\LD AVOID AS MU* AS POSSIBLE ! V]Y SUBJECT ( W>4 ,POLITICS1 COMM]CE1 F9ANCES1 MI<T EASILY BE DEF]R$4 ,I W\LD KEEP .<#d#a.> F> ALO( FROM ! NICETIES ( *RONOLOGY1 & ! DISPUTE ( FACTS4 ,I W\LD NOT 5T] UPON ! /UDY ( HI/ORY ?R\< ! M$IUM ( EPITOME4 ,I W\LD EV5 PO/PONE ! G5]AL HI/ORY ( NATIONS1 TO ! *>ACT] & ACTIONS ( P>TICUL> M54 

,MANY ( ! >TICLES ,I HAVE M5TION$1 S]VE TO COMPOSE ! P$ANTRY ( HI/ORY4 ,?AN HI/ORY1 NO SCI5CE HAS BE5 MORE ABUS$4 ,IT HAS BE5 /UDI$ FROM O/5TATION2 IT HAS BE5 /UDI$ ) ! N>R[ VIEWS ( LITTLE M9DS2 IT HAS BE5 W>P$ TO S]VE A TEMPOR>Y PURPOSE4 ,+5I\S >T HAS HUNG IT R\ND ) A ?\S& SUBTLETIES1 & A ?\S& DISPUTES4 ,! TIME HAS AT L5G? >RIV$1 :5 IT REQUIRES AN ]ECT UND]/&+1 & A P5ETRAT+ VIEW1 ABOVE ! COMMON RATE1 TO DISCOV] ! NOBLE PURPOSES1 :I* ?IS SCI5CE IS MO/ IMM$IATELY CALCULAT$ TO SUBS]VE4 

.<#d#b.> ,9 A WORD1 ! FATE ( HI/ORY HAS BE5 LIKE ?AT ( TRAVEL+4 ,! 9/ITUTION HAS BE5 PRES]V$1 BUT ITS ORIG9AL USE IS LO/4 ,ONE MAN TRAVELS FROM FA%ION1 & ANO!R FROM PRIDE4 ,ONE MAN TRAVELS TO MEASURE BUILD+S1 ANO!R TO EXAM9E PICTURES1 & A ?IRD P]HAPS TO LE>N TO DANCE4 ,SC>CELY ANY REMEMB] ?AT ITS TRUE APPLICATION IS TO /UDY M5 & MANN]S4 ,P]HAPS A JU/] IDEA CANNOT BE GIV5 ( ! SCI5CE WE >E CONSID]+1 ?AN ?AT :I* WE MAY D$UCE FROM A REFLECTION ( ,R\SSEAU4 0,! ANCI5T HI/ORIANS10 SAYS HE1 0>E CR[D$ ) ?OSE VIEWS ( ?+S1 FROM :I* WE MAY D]IVE ! UTMO/ UTILITY1 EV5 ?\< ! FACTS ?AT SUGGE/ !M1 %\LD BE MI/AK54 ,BUT WE >E UNSKILL$ TO D]IVE ANY REAL ADVANTAGE FROM HI/ORY4 ,! CRITIQUE ( ]UDITION ABSORBS EV]Y?+2 AS IF IT IMPORT$ US MU* :E!R ! RELATION W]E TRUE1 PROVID$ WE C\LD EXTRACT FROM IT ANY USEFUL 9=MATION4 ,M5 .<#d#c.> ( S5SE \<T TO REG>D HI/ORY AS A TISSUE ( FABLES1 :OSE MORAL IS P]FECTLY ADAPT$ TO ! HUMAN HE>T40 

,! M]E EXT]NAL ACTIONS ( M5 >E NOT WOR? ! /UDY+3 ,:O W\LD HAVE EV] ?\<T ( GO+ ?R\< A C\RSE ( HI/ORY1 IF ! SCI5CE W]E COMPRIS$ 9 ! SET ( *RONOLOGICAL TABLES8 ,NO3 IT IS ! HE>TS ( M5 WE %\LD /UDY4 ,IT IS TO !IR ACTIONS1 AS EXPRESSIVE ( DISPOSITION & *>ACT]1 WE %\LD ATT5D4 ,BUT BY :AT IS IT ?AT WE CAN BE ADVANC$ ?US F>1 BUT BY SPECI\S CONJECTURE1 & PLAUSIBLE 9F]5CE8 ,! PHILOSOPHY ( A ,SALLU/1 & ! SAGACITY ( A ,TACITUS1 CAN ONLY ADVANCE US TO ! REGIONS ( PROBABILITY4 ,BUT :ATEV] BE ! MO/ P]FECT MODE ( HI/ORICAL COMPOSITION1 IT IS TO ! SIMPLE/ WRIT]S ?AT \R Y\? %\LD BE FIR/ 9TRODUC$1 WRIT]S EQUALLY DI/ANT FROM ! DRY DETAIL ( ,DU ,FRESNOY1 & ! UNRIVAL$ ELOQU5CE ( A ,LIVY4 ,! TRANSLATION .<#d#d.> ( ,PLUT>* W\LD1 9 MY OP9ION1 =M ! BE/ 9TRODUCTION4 ,AS HE IS NOT A WRIT] ( P>TICUL> ELEGANCE1 HE SUFF]S LESS FROM A V]SION1 ?AN MANY O!RS4 ,! ,ROMAN REVOLUTIONS ( ,V]TOT MI<T V]Y PROP]LY FILL 9 ! SECOND PLACE4 ,EA* ( !SE WRIT]S HAS ?IS FUR!R RECOMM5DATION1 ?AT1 AT LEA/1 9 ! =M] P>T ( !IR WORKS1 !Y TREAT ( ?AT SIMPLICITY & RECTITUDE ( MANN]S ( ! FIR/ ,GREEKS & ,ROMANS1 ?AT FURNI% ! HAPPIE/ SUBJECT ?AT CAN BE DEVIS$ = ! 9ITIAT+ Y\? 9 ! /UDY ( HI/ORY4 

,UND] ! RE/RICTIONS ,I HAVE LAID D[N1 HI/ORY IS ( ALL SCI5CES ! MO/ SIMPLE4 ,IT HAS BE5 EV] CONSID]$ BY PHILOSOPH]S1 AS ! POR* ( KN[L$GE4 ,IT HAS EV] BE5 TREAT$ BY M5 ( LIT]ATURE1 AS ! RELAXATION ( !IR SEV]] PURSUITS4 ,IT LEADS DIRECTLY TO ! MO/ IMPORTANT ( ALL ATTA9M5TS1 ! KN[L$GE ( ! HE>T4 ,IT 9TRODUCES US1 )\T EXP5SE1 & )\T DANG]1 TO .<#d#e.> AN ACQUA9TANCE ) MANN]S & SOCIETY4 ,BY ! MO/ NATURAL ADVANCES IT PO9TS US =W>D TO ALL ! DEP?S ( SCI5CE4 ,) ! MO/ ATTRACTIVE BL&I%M5TS IT =MS US BY DEGREES TO AN 9EXT+UI%ABLE ?RIFT ( LIT]ATURE4 

,BUT !RE IS /ILL AN OBJECTION REMA9+1 & ?AT ! MO/ IMPORTANT ( ALL4 ,LET HI/ORY BE /RIPP$ AS MU* AS Y\ WILL ( EV]Y EXTRANE\S CIRCUM/ANCE1 LET IT BE N>R[$ TO ! UTMO/ SIMPLICITY1 !RE IS /ILL ONE SCI5CE PREVI\SLY NECESS>Y4 ,IT IS ?AT ( MORALS4 ,IF Y\ SEE NO?+ 9 HUMAN CONDUCT1 BUT PURELY ! EXT]IOR & PHYSICAL MOVEM5TS1 :AT IS IT ?AT HI/ORY TEA*ES8 ,ABSOLUTELY NO?+2 & ! SCI5CE DEVOID ( 9T]E/1 BECOMES 9CAPABLE ( AF=D+ EI!R PLEASURE ( 9/RUCTION4 ,WE MAY ADD1 ?AT ! MORE P]FECTLY IT IS MADE A SCI5CE ( *>ACT] & BIOGRAPHY1 ! MORE 9DISP5SABLE IS E?ICAL EXAM9ATION4 ,BUT TO SU* AN EXAM9ATION IT HAS BE5 D\BT$ :E!R ! UND]/&+S ( .<#d#f.> *ILDR5 BE COMPET5T4 ,UPON ?IS QUE/ION ,I WILL BEG LEAVE TO SAY A FEW WORDS1 & ,I HAVE DONE4 

,IT IS SC>CELY NECESS>Y TO OBS]VE1 ?AT ,I DO NOT SPEAK H]E ( E?ICS AS AN ABSOLUTE SCI5CE1 BUT SIMPLY AS IT RELATES TO PRACTICE1 & ! OECONOMY ( HUMAN LIFE4 ,\R 9QUIRY !RE=E IS RESPECT+ ! TIME AT :I* ?AT 9TUITIVE FACULTY IS G5]ALLY AWAK5$1 BY :I* WE DECIDE UPON ! DIFF]5CES ( VIRTUE & VISE1 & >E IMPELL$ TO APPLAUD ! ONE1 & CONDEMN ! O!R4 

,! MOM5T 9 :I* ! FACULTY ( MEMORY BEG9S TO UNFOLD ITSELF1 ! MAN BEG9S TO UNFOLD ITSELF1 ! MAN BEG9S TO UNFOLD ITSELF1 ! MAN BEG9S TO EXI/ AS A MORAL BE+4 ,NOT LONG PO/]IOR TO ?IS1 IS ! COMM5CEM5T ( PRESCI5CE & =ESI<T4 ,R\SSEAU HAS TOLD US1 9 HIS ANIMAT$ LANGUAGE1 ?AT IF A *ILD C\LD ESCAPE A :IPP+1 OR OBTA9 A PAP] ( SWEETNESS1 BY PROMIS+ TO ?R[ HIMSELF \T AT W9D[ TOMORR[1 ! PROMISE W\LD 9/ANTLY .<#d#g.> BE MADE4 ,NO?+ IS MORE CONTR>Y TO EXP]I5CE ?AN ?IS4 ,IT IS TRUE1 DEA?1 OR ANY SU* EVILS1 ( :I* HE HAS NO CLE> CONCEPTION1 DO NOT /RONGLY AFFECT HIM 9 PROSPECT4 ,BUT BY ! VIEW ( ?AT :I* IS PALPABLE & /RIK+1 HE IS AS MU* 9FLU5C$ AS ANY MAN1 H[EV] EXT5SIVE HIS KN[L$GE1 H[EV] L>GE HIS EXP]I5CE4 ,IT IS ONLY BY SEIZ+ UPON ! ACTIVITY & E>NE/NESS 9CID5T TO Y\?FUL PURSUITS1 & TOTALLY BANI%+ ! IDEA ( :AT IS FUTURE1 ?AT WE CAN DE/ROY ITS 9FLU5CE4 ,!IR M9DS1 LIKE A %EET ( :ITE PAP]1 >E SUSCEPTIBLE TO EV]Y IMPRESSION4 ,!IR BRA91 UNCR\D$ ) A ?\S& CONFUS$ TRACES1 IS A CAUSE1 ?AT EV]Y IMPRESSION !Y RECEIVE IS /RONG & DURABLE4 

,! A]A ( =ESI<T IS ! A]A ( IMAG9ATION1 & IMAG9ATION IS ! GR& 9/RUM5T ( VIRTUE4 ,! M9D IS ! SEAT ( PLEASURE & PA94 ,IT IS NOT BY :AT WE SEE1 BUT BY :AT WE 9F] & SUPPOSE1 ?AT WE >E TAU<T1 ?AT ANY BE+ .<#d#h.> IS ! OBJECT ( COMMIS]ATION4 ,IT IS BY ! CON/ANT RETURN ( ! M9D TO ! UN=TUNATE OBJECT1 ?AT WE >E /RONGLY IMPRESS$ ) SYMPA?Y4 ,H5CE IT IS ?AT ! TO FREQU5T RECURR5CE ( OBJECTS ( DI/RESS1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT IT BLUNTS ! IMAG9ATION1 R5D]S ! HE>T CALL\S & OBDURATE4 

,! S5TIM5T ?AT ! P]SONS AB\T US HAVE LIFE & FEEL+ AS WELL AS \RSELVES1 CANNOT BE ( V]Y LATE 9TRODUCTION4 ,IT MAY BE =W>D$ BY CULTIVATION1 BUT IT CAN SC>CELY AT ANY RATE BE V]Y MU* RET>D$4 ,= ?IS S5TIM5T TO BECOME P]FECTLY CLE> & /RIK+1 & TO BE APPLI$ 9 EV]Y CASE ?AT MAY COME BE=E US1 MU/ UND\BT$LY BE AN AFFAIR GRADUAL 9 ITS PROGRESS4 ,FROM !NCE TO ! FEEL+S ( RI<T & WRONG1 ( COMPASSION & G5]OSITY1 !RE IS BUT ONE /EP4 

,IT HAS1 ,I ?9K1 BE5 FULLY DEMON/RAT$ BY ?AT V]Y ELEGANT PHILOSOPH] ,MR4 .<#d#i.> ,HUT*ESON1 ?AT SELF-LOVE IS NOT ! S\RCE ( ALL \R PASSIONS1 BUT ?AT DIS9T]E/$ B5EVOL5CE HAS ITS SEAT 9 ! HUMAN HE>T4 ,AT PRES5T IT IS NECESS>Y = ME TO TAKE ?IS = GRANT$4 ,! DISCUSSION W\LD LEAD ME TOO F> FROM MY SUBJECT4 ,:AT ,I W\LD 9F] FROM IT IS1 ?AT B5EVOL5T AFFECTIONS >E CAPABLE ( A V]Y E>LY COMM5CEM5T4 ,!Y DO NOT WAIT TO BE GRAFT$ UPON ! SELFI%4 ,!Y HAVE ! L>G] SCOPE 9 Y\?FUL M9DS1 AS SU* HAVE NOT YET LE>N$ ?OSE REF9EM5TS ( 9T]E/1 ?AT >E 9CID5T TO P]SONS ( LONG] EXP]I5CE4 

,ACCORD+LY NO OBS]VATION IS MORE COMMON1 ?AN ?AT MANK9D >E MORE G5]\S 9 ! E>LI] P]IODS ( !IR LIFE1 & ?AT !IR AFFECTIONS BECOME GRADUALLY CONTRACT$ ! F>!R !Y ADVANCE 9 ! VALE ( YE>S4 ,CONFID5CE1 K9DNESS1 B5EVOL5CE1 CON/ITUTE ! 5TIRE TEMP] ( Y\?4 ,& UNLESS !SE AMIABLE DISPOSITIONS BE BLA/$ 9 ! BUD .<#e.> BY ! BANEFUL 9FUSIONS ( AMBITION1 VANITY & PRIDE1 !RE IS NO?+ ) :I* !Y W\LD NOT P>T1 TO *]I% ADV]SITY1 & REMUN]ATE FAVOR4 

,H5CE WE MAY 9F]1 ?AT ! G5]AL IDEAS ( M]IT & *>ACT] >E P]FECTLY COMPET5T TO ! UND]/&+ ( *ILDR5 ( T5 YE>S4 ,FALSE GLORY IS ! F>!/ 9 ! WORLD FROM 9S9UAT+ ITS WIT*CRAFT 9TO ! UNDEPRAV$ HE>T1 :]E ! VA9 & MALIGNANT PASSIONS HAVE NOT YET ]ECT$ !IR /&>D4 ,IT IS TRUE1 ! PECULI> SUBLIMITIES ( H]OISM CANNOT BE SUPPOS$ P]FECTLY )9 HIS COMPREH5SION4 ,BUT SOME?+ ( ?IS SORT1 AS WE HAVE ALREADY SAID1 IS 9CID5T TO EV]Y /EP 9 ! SCALE ( LIT]ATURE4 

,BUT ! MORE P]FECTLY TO FAMILI>IZE TO MY PUPIL ! UND]/&+ & DIGE/+ :ATEV] HE READ1 ,I W\LD CONSID] IT AS AN 9DISP5SABLE P>T ( MY BUS9ESS1 TO TALK OV] ) HIM FAMILI>LY .<#e#a.> ! SUBJECTS1 ?AT MI<T NECESS>ILY DEM& \R ATT5TION4 ,I W\LD LEAD HIM BY DEGREES TO RELATE ) CLE>NESS & PRECISION ! /ORY ( HIS AU?OR4 ,I W\LD 9DUCE HIM TO DELIV] HIS FAIR & G5U9E S5TIM5TS UPON EV]Y ACTION & *>ACT] ?AT CAME BE=E US4 ,I W\LD FREQU5TLY CALL UPON HIM = A PLA9 & SIMPLE REASON = HIS OP9ION4 ,?IS %\LD ALWAYS BE DONE PRIVATELY1 )\T O/5TATION1 & )\T RIVAL%IP4 ,?US1 SEP>ATE FROM ! DANG] ( FOM5T+ ?OSE PASSIONS ( 5VY & PRIDE1 ?AT PREP>E AT A DI/ANCE = \R Y\? SO MANY MORTIFICATIONS1 & AT ! EXP5SE ( :I* TOO FREQU5TLY ?IS ACCOMPLI%M5T IS ATTA9$1 ,I W\LD TRA9 HIM TO DELIV] HIS OP9ION UPON EV]Y SUBJECT ) FRE$OM1 P]SPICUITY & FLU5CY4 ,)\T AT ANY TIME DICTAT+ TO HIM ! S5TIM5TS IT BECAME HIM TO 5T]TA91 ,I MI<T1 ) A LITTLE HONE/ >TIFICE1 MOLD HIS JUDGM5T 9TO ! =M IT WAS MO/ DESIRABLE IT %\LD TAKE1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT ,I DISCOV]$ .<#e#b.> HIS G5IUS1 & ASC]TA9$ ! ORIG9AL PROP5SITIES ( HIS M9D4 

,IT IS UNNECESS>Y = ME TO SAY ANY ?+ RESPECT+ MORALS 9 ! O!R S5SE ( ! WORD1 ,I MEAN AS !Y >E CONNECT$ ) ! CONDUCT1 ! HABITS ( :I* WE %\LD 5DEAVOR TO CULTIVATE 9 A PUPIL2 AS ?AT SUBJECT HAS BE5 ALREADY EXHAU/$4 ,! VISES ( Y\? SPR+ NOT FROM NATURE1 :O IS EQUALLY ! K9D & BLAMELESS MO!R ( ALL H] *ILDR52 !Y D]IVE FROM ! DEFECTS ( $UCATION4 ,WE HAVE ALREADY 5DEAVOR$ TO %UT UP ALL ! 9LETS ( VISE4 ,WE HAVE PRECLUD$ S]VILITY & C[>DICE4 ,WE HAVE TAK5 AWAY ! MOTIVES TO CONCEALM5T & FALSEHOOD4 ,BY ! LIB]AL 9DULG5CE WE HAVE PRESCRIB$1 WE HAVE LAID ! F\NDATION ( MANLY SPIRIT1 & G5]\S DIGNITY4 ,A CONT9UAL ATT5TION TO HI/ORY1 ACCOMPANI$ ) ! CULTIVATION ( MORAL DISC]NM5T1 & ANIMAT$ ) ! EXAMPLES ( H]OIC VIRTUE1 C\LD NOT FAIL TO =M ! HE>T .<#e#c.> ( ! PUPIL1 TO ALL ?AT IS EXCELL5T4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 BY ASSIDU\S C>E1 ! %OOTS ( VANITY & 5VY MI<T BE CRU%$ 9 ! BUD4 ,EMULATION IS A DANG]\S & MI/AK5 PR9CIPLE ( CON/ANCY4 ,9/EAD ( IT ,I W\LD WI% TO SEE ! CONNECTION ( PUPILS1 CONSI/+ ONLY ( PLEASURE & G5]OSITY4 ,!Y %\LD LE>N TO LOVE1 BUT NOT TO HATE EA* O!R4 ,B5EVOL5T ACTIONS %\LD NOT DIRECTLY BE PREA*$ TO !M1 !Y %\LD /RICTLY BEG9 9 ! HE>T ( ! P]=M]4 ,BUT :5 ACTUALLY DONE1 !Y %\LD RECEIVE ! MO/ DI/+UI%$ APPLAUSE4 

,LET ME BE P]MITT$ 9 ?IS PLACE TO OBS]VE1 ?AT HE ASSOCIATION ( A SMALL NUMB] ( PUPILS SEEMS ! MO/ P]FECT MODE ( $UCATION4 ,!RE IS SURELY SOME?+ UNSUITABLE TO ! PRES5T /ATE ( MANK9D1 9 ! WI%+ TO $UCATE \R Y\? 9 P]FECT SOLITUDE4 ,SOCIETY CALLS =? A ?\S& P[]S BO? ( M9D & BODY1 ?AT MU/ O!RWISE .<#e#d.> RU/ 9 9ACTIVITY4 ,& NO?+ IS MORE CLE> FROM EXP]I5CE1 ?AN ?AT !RE IS A C]TA9 T5D5CY TO MORAL DEPRAVATION 9 V]Y L>GE BODIES ( ?IS K9D1 TO :I* !RE HAS NOT YET BE5 DISCOV]$ A SUFFICI5T REM$Y4 

,IF1 BY ! PURSUIT ( PR9CIPLES LIKE !SE1 ! P[]S ( ! UND]/&+ & ! HE>T MI<T BE DEVELOP$ 9 CONC]T2 IF ! PUPILS W]E TRA9$ AT ONCE TO KN[L$GE & VIRTUE2 IF !Y W]E 5ABL$ TO LOOK BACK UPON ! P]IOD ( !IR $UCATION1 )\T REGRETT+ ONE 9/ANCE ( ANXI\S T]ROR1 OR CAPRICI\S SEV]ITY2 IF !Y RECOLLECT$ !IR TUTOR ) GRATITUDE1 & ?\<T ( !IR COMPANIONS1 AS ( ?OSE G5]\S FRI5DS :OM !Y W\LD ) = ! ASSOCIATES ( !IR LIFE1--9 ?AT CASE1 ! PA9S ( ! PRECEPTOR W\LD NOT BE ?R[N AWAY4 

,F ,I ,N ,I ,S4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #a<b 3 ,AN ,ACC\NT ( ,! ,SEM9>Y -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bag 3 ,AN ,ACC\NT ( ,! ,SEM9>Y -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,AN ,ACC\NT ( ,! ,SEM9>Y -- ,UPDAT$4 

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