,AM]ICA & ! ,SOVIETS #aica ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN ,TAGS 3 PRODUCTS ( =C$ LABOR1 UNFREE OR =C$ LABOR1 UNFREE =C$ LABOR1 UNIT$ /ATES1 =C$ LABOR1 FREE LABOR1 UNFREE =C$1 AM]ICAN LAW1 CONVICT LABOR1 RUSSIAN IMPORT]4 ,TEXT 3 ,A,M,],I,C,A ,& ,! ,S,O,V,I,E,T,S4 ,PHOTO BY /EVE BOR[SKI1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,A GREAT DEAL IS BE+ WRITT5 N[ 9 ! ,SOVIET ,PRESS AB\T ! NEW ,AM]ICAN LAW AGA9/ CONVICT OR =C$ LABOR4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS REC5TLY PASS$ A /ATUTE ACCORD+ TO :I* NO GOODS CAN 5T] ! C\NTRY ?AT >E ! PRODUCT ( UNFREE1 =C$ OR CONVICT LABOR4 ,! NEW LAW W5T 9TO EFFECT 9 ,JANU>Y & !RE IS MU* DISCUSSION 9 ,RUSSIA1 AS WELL AS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 AS TO :AT EFFECT ! NEW LEGISLATION WILL . ON ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RIAL CONDITIONS & ON ITS =EIGN TRADE4 ,! UNUSUAL FEATURE ( ! LAW IS ?AT ! BURD5 ( PRO( IS LAID UPON ! ACCUS$4 ,?AT IS1 IF ,RUSSIA ATTEMPTS TO BR+ ITS MANUFACTUR$ GOODS 9TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IT WILL . UP TO ! ,SOVIETS TO PROVE ?AT ! GOODS >E NOT ! PRODUCT ( =C$ OR CONVICT LABOR4 ,?US1 = 9/ANCE1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES NE$S ONLY TO *>GE ! ,RUSSIAN IMPORT] ) BR++ 9 PRODUCTS ( =C$ LABOR1 & !N ! IMPORT] IS AT ONCE PLAC$ UND] ! GREATE/ H&ICAP4 ,PRACTICALLY IT MAY BE EQUAL TO DEB>R+ ! ,SOVIET IMPORTS1 BY BURD5+ ! IMPORT] ) UNUSUAL & EXTRAORD9>Y DIFFICULTIES1 = IT IS ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE = ,RUSSIA TO PROVE ?AT ITS PRODUCTS >E MADE BY 0FREE0 LABOR4 ,9DE$1 H[ CAN IT BE PROV5 ?AT A C]TA9 PRODUCT IS ! RESULT ( FREE LABOR8 ,?IS DI/9CTION BETWE5 SO-CALL$ 0FREE0 LABOR & 0UNFREE OR =C$0 LABOR OP5S ! DOOR = 5DLESS QUIBBL+ & HAIRSPLITT+4 ,! 9T]PRETATION ( SU* A LAW WILL DEP5D 5TIRELY ON ! ATTITUDE ( A GIV5 JUDGE OR C\RT4 ,ONE UNFRI5DLY TO ! ,SOVIETS W\LD NATURALLY DECIDE AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN IMPORT] ON ! M]E BASIS ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T IS AN ABSOLUTE DICTATOR%IP1 )\T FRE$OM ( ACTION OR MOVEM5T1 & ?AT = ?AT V]Y REASON LABOR 9 ,RUSSIA CANNOT BE CONSID]$ FREE4 ,SU* AN ATTITUDE ON ! P>T ( ! ,AM]ICAN C\RTS W\LD NOT BE SURPRIS+ 9 VIEW ( ! PREVAIL+ ,AM]ICAN OP9ION AB\T ,RUSSIA & ALSO BECAUSE ( C]TA9 KN[N FACTS CONC]N+ ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 SU* AN 9T]PRETATION ( ! LAW %\LD APPLY ) EQUAL EFFECT TO O!R C\NTRIES ?AT IMPORT GOODS TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! UNPREJUDIC$ ,AM]ICAN CITIZ5 MAY >GUE ?AT IF POLITICAL DICTATOR%IP 9 ,RUSSIA 9VOLVES UNFREE OR =C$ LABOR1 ! SAME %\LD APPLY ALSO TO IMPORT]S FROM O!R C\NTRIES ?AT >E RUL$ BY DICTATOR%IPS4 ,9 FACT1 !RE >E TODAY QUITE A NUMB] ( L&. 9 ,EUROPE :OSE POLITICAL =M IS A DICTATOR%IP 9 ?IS OR ?AT =M1 SOME ( !M AS ABSOLUTE AS ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,ITALY1 ,POL&1 ,RUMANIA -- TO M5TION BUT A FEW C\NTRIES -- ALL BELONG TO ! SAME CLASS ( POLITICAL AUTOCRACY1 H[EV] !IR =MS V>Y4 ,FUR!R MORE1 MO/ ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES IMPORT TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES PRODUCTS ( !IR COLONIES4 ,9 C]TA9 ( ?OSE COLONIES LABOR IS NOT ONLY 0UNFREE01 BUT DIRECTLY & POSITIVELY =C$1 9 SOME PLACES EV5 ACTUAL SLAV]Y1 PEONAGE1 & O!R =MS ( =C$ TOIL4 ,IT WILL BE SE5 !RE=E ?AT SU* A LAW 9VOLVES ! GREATE/ COMPLICATIONS4 ,EV5 ) ! MO/ JUDICI\S & LIB]AL APPLICATION ( SU* A LAW !RE MU/ RESULT CONTRADICTORY DECISIONS1 CON/ANT FRICTION & A WIDE-SPREAD DISORGANIZATION ( ! 5TIRE WORLD M>KET4 ,UND] SU* CONDITIONS ! QUE/ION W\LD 9EVITABLY . COME UP SOON] OR LAT] AS TO A F9AL & CONCLUSIVE DECISION AS TO :AT CON/ITUTES 0FREE0 & :AT 0UNFREE1 =C$0 LABOR4 ,?AT W\LD 9DE$ BE A MO/ 9T]E/+ PROBLEM1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME A V]ITABLE ,GORDIAN KNOT4 ,SU* A DECISION C\LD 9 ! LA/ 9/ANCE BE DECID$ ONLY BY ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :I* IS ! HIG$ ) 9T]PRET+ ! MEAN+ ( LAWS4 ,ON ?AT B5*1 :I* CONSI/S ( #i P]SONS APPO9T$ = LIFE1 !RE (T5 HAPP5S TO BE ONE OR TWO MEMB]S1 LIKE ! LATE ,JU/ICE ,HOLMES & N[ ,BR&EIS1 :O LOOK AT ?+S RADICALLY4 ,& SO IT MAY HAPP5 ?AT A ,BR&EIS MAY ANALYZE ! QUE/ION ( 0FREE0 LABOR & 9QUIRE :AT LABOR CAN REALLY BE FREE UND] EXI/+ CONDITIONS4 ,= IF ! PROPOS$ NEW LAW B>S PRODUCTS ( UNFREE1 =C$ LABOR FROM O!R C\NTRIES1 A ,BR&EIS MAY WANT TO EXAM9E IF ! WORK]S 9 ,EUROPE >E SO SITUAT$ ?AT !IR CONDITION DOES NOT =CE !M TO LABOR1 AS MANY H\RS AS !Y >E COMPELL$ & = SU* PAY AS IS GIV5 !M4 ,IT CAN BE SE5 !RE=E :AT RAMIFICATIONS ! LAW UND] DISCUSSION WILL AFFECT IF IT BECOMES A /ATUTE & IS TO BE 5=C$4 ,JU/ N[ ! BILL IS BE=E ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,CONGRESS4 ,IT IS DEBATABLE :E!R ?AT BODY WILL TAKE ! /EP ?AT NECESS>ILY MU/ V]Y S]I\SLY AGGRAVATE ! GREAT CRISIS ON H& 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,= ! ECONOMIC SITUATION !RE IS AT PRES5T ! WOR/ ?AT ,AM]ICA HAS SE5 9 A C5TURY1 ) OV] SEV5 MILLIONS \T ( EMPLOYM5T4 ,RUSSIA IS DO+ N[ #ae MILLIONS WOR? ( BUS9ESS 79 DOLL>S7 ) ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & ! AM\NT IS GR[+ ) EA* YE>1 & ?AT IS A CONSID]ABLE ITEM = A C\NTRY :OSE W>EH\SES >E BUR/+ ) M\NTA9S ( PRODUCTS ?AT IT CANNOT SELL AT HOME4 ,RUSSIA IS N[ ONE ( ! BE/ CU/OM]S = ,AM]ICA & ! LATT] C\NTRY WILL H>DLY RISK LOS+ ?AT CU/OM] BY PASS+ A LAW ?AT W\LD ALI5ATE FROM IT ,RUSSIAN BUS9ESS4 ,! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T1 ON ! O!R H&1 CAN ALSO NOT IGNORE ! DANG] ?AT ?REAT5S IT FROM SU* A LAW4 ,TO LOSE ITS EXPORT TRADE TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W\LD BE A TREM5D\S BL[4 ,FUR!RMORE1 O!R C\NTRIES1 AS ,5GL&1 = 9/ANCE1 MIR+ ( ! WORLD M>KETS TO ,RUSSIA W\LD BR+ ! WOR/ CRISIS TO H]4 ,RUSSIA MU/ LOOK TO ! MATT] ( =C$ LABOR1 = ?AT IMPLIES WORK P]=M$ BY PEOPLE :OSE FRE$OM ( MOVEM5T & ( *OICE ( EMPLOYM5T IS RE/RICT$ BY AN \T] =CE4 ,IT MAY TAKE ! =M ( PRISON LABOR1 ( TOIL 9 CONC5TRATION CAMPS & LUMB] CLE>+S1 & MASS S]VITUDE AT ASSIGN$ TASKS4 ,9 %ORT1 IT COV]S ALL CASES :]E ! WORK]S >E DEPRIV$ ( LIB]TY1 >E COMPELL$ 9TO A C]TA9 5VIRONM5T & DEPRIV$ ( ! RIE JU/ 9 ?AT SITUATION4 ,!ORETICALLY1 ( C\RSE1 ! WORK]S 9 ,RUSSIA >E !IR 0[N BOSSES01 !IR [N EMPLOY]S2 !Y >E ! 0PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP0 & !Y MIE [N$ PRIVATELY 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! WORK]S >E1 G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 9 ! SAME SITUATION AS ANY O!R WORK]S HOLD+ A JOB ) SOME EMPLOY]2 EXCEPT ?AT ! PAY ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK] IS MU* LESS & HIS /&>D ( LIV+ L[]4 ,BUT ! GREAT MAJORITY ( 9DU/RIES & O!R FACTORIES BELONG TO ! ,/ATE1 & !RE ! WORK] IS =BIDD5 BY LAW EV5 TO /RIKE4 ,NOR CAN HE LEAVE HIS JOB IF ! CONDITIONS DO NOT SUIT HIM4 ,UND] ! #e-YE> PLAN MIGRATIONS ( WORK]S HAVE BE5 5TIRELY /OPP$1 & A WORK] IS =BIDD5 TO *ANGE FROM ONE 9DU/RY TO ANO!R4 ,HE CANNOT GIVE UP HIS JOB AT WILL1 = 9 ! MAJORITY ( CASES ! WORK]S HAVE TO SIGN CONTRACTS BY :I* !Y >E PL$G$ TO REMA9 AT !IR PRES5T JOBS UNTIL ! #e-YE> PLAN IS COMPLET$4 ,COMPELL$ TO /AY ON HIS PRES5T JOB1 ! ,RUSSIAN WORK] IS PRACTICALLY A BONDSMAN1 )\T ANY REC\RSE TO /RIK+ & )\T A *ANCE TO APPEAL TO HIS UNION = R$RESS ( GRIEVANCES1 S9CE ! UNION IS UND] ! DIRECT CONTROL ( ! ,P>TY & ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS SITUATION CONSID]$1 ! PROPOS$ ,AM]ICAN LAW W\LD 9DE$ BE A GREAT BL[ TO ,RUSSIA4 ,A LAW DEB>R+ PRODUCTS ( =C$ LABOR C\LD BE SO 9T]PRET$ & APPLI$ AS TO EXCLUDE FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES NOT ONLY ! MANUFACTURES ( ,RUSSIA BUT ALSO ITS PRODUCTS ( AGRICULTURE4 ,ALL ,M>XIAN !ORY & ,BOL%EVIK >GUM5TS NOT)/&+1 IT W\LD BE ALTOGE!R IMPOSSIBLE = ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA TO PROVE TO ! SATISFACTION ( ! WORLD ?AT H] LABOR IS 0FREE04 ,FEBRU>Y1 #aica ,S\RCE3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY'S ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN >*IVE4 ,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #c#a1 #aica 3 ,AM]ICA & ! ,SOVIETS -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,FEBRU>Y #c1 #bag 3 ,AM]ICA & ! ,SOVIETS -- ,ADD$4 ,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,AM]ICA & ! ,SOVIETS -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/