,AGA9/ ,TE*NOLOGY3 ,A TALK BY ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN 7,APRIL #b#c1 #a#i#i#g7 

#aiig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN 

,TEXT 3 

,A HUMANITIES SYMPOSIUM CALL$ 0,DISC\RSE@a,NETWORKS #b0 WAS HELD AT ,/AN=D ,UNIV]SITY OV] ! C\RSE ( SEV]AL MON?S 9 #a#i#i#g4 ,! FOLL[+ TALK ON ,APRIL #bc REPRES5TS ! ONLY DISS5T TO ! PREVAIL+ HI<-TE* ORI5TATION_/APPRECIATION4 

 "9"9"9"9"9 

,?ANKS = COM+4 ,I'LL BE Y\R ,LUDDITE ?IS AFT]NOON4 ,! TOK5 ,LUDDITE1 SO IT FALLS ON ME TO UPHOLD ?IS UNPOPUL> OR CONTROV]SIAL BANN]4 ,! EMPHASIS WILL BE ON BREAD? RA!R ?AN DEP?1 & 9 RA!R REIFI$ T]MS1 [+ TO TIME CONSID]ATIONS4 ,BUT ,I HOPE IT WON'T DISABLE :ATEV] COG5CY !RE MI<T BE TO !SE SOME:AT G5]AL REM>KS4 

,IT SEEMS TO ME WE'RE 9 A B>R51 IMPOV]I%$1 TE*NICIZ$ PLACE & ?AT !SE *>ACT]I/ICS >E 9T]RELAT$4 ,TE*NOLOGY CLAIMS ?AT IT EXT5DS ! S5SES2 BUT ?IS EXT5SION1 IT SEEMS1 5DS UP BLUNT+ & ATROPHY+ ! S5SES1 9/EAD ( :AT ?IS PROMISE CLAIMS4 ,TE*NOLOGY TODAY IS (F]+ SOLUTIONS TO EV]Y?+ 9 EV]Y SPH]E4 ,Y\ CAN H>DLY ?9K ( ONE = :I* IT DOESN'T COME UP ) ! ANSW]4 ,BUT IT W\LD LIKE US TO =GET ?AT 9 VIRTUALLY EV]Y CASE1 IT HAS CREAT$ ! PROBLEM 9 ! FIR/ PLACE ?AT IT COMES R\ND TO SAY ?AT IT WILL TRANSC5D4 ,JU/ A LITTLE MORE TE*NOLOGY4 ,?AT'S :AT IT ALWAYS SAYS4 ,& ,I ?9K WE SEE ! RESULTS EV] MORE CLE>LY TODAY4 ,! COMPUT] CORNUCOPIA1 AS EV]Y?+ BECOMES WIR$ 9TO ! COMPUT] ?R\<\T SOCIETY1 (F]S V>IETY1 ! RI*ES ( COMPLETE ACCESS1 & YET1 AS ,FR$]ICK ,JAMESON SAID1 WE LIVE 9 A SOCIETY ?AT IS ! MO/ /&>DIZ$ 9 HI/ORY4 ,LET'S LOOK AT IT AS A 0MEANS & 5DS0 PROPOSITION1 AS 91 MEANS & 5DS MU/ BE EQUALLY VALID4 ,TE*NOLOGY CLAIMS TO BE NEUTRAL1 M]ELY A TOOL1 ITS VALUE OR MEAN+ COMPLETELY DEP5D5T ON H[ IT IS US$4 ,9 ?IS WAY IT HIDES ITS 5DS BY CLOAK+ ITS MEANS4 ,IF !RE IS NO WAY TO UND]/& :AT IT IS 9 T]MS ( AN ESS5CE1 9N] LOGIC1 HI/ORICAL EMB$D$NESS OR O!R DIM5SION1 !N :AT WE CALL TE*NOLOGY ESCAPES JUDGM5T4 ,WE G5]ALLY RECOGNIZE ! E?ICAL PRECEPT ?AT Y\ CAN'T A*IEVE VALID OR GOOD 5DS ) DEFICI5T OR 9VALID MEANS1 BUT H[ DO WE GAUGE ?AT UNLESS WE LOOK AT ! MEANS8 ,IF IT'S SOME?+ WE'RE NOT SUPPOS$ TO ?9K AB\T 9 T]MS ( ITS ESS5TIAL BE+1 ITS F\NDATIONS1 IT'S IMPOSSIBLE4 ,I MEAN1 Y\ CAN REPEAT ANY K9D ( CLI*E4 ,?IS IS ?AT K9D ( ?+ ?AT ONE HOPES IS NOT A CLI*E BECAUSE ! MEANS & 5DS !SIS IS A MORAL VALUE ?AT ,I ?9K DOES HAVE VALIDITY4 

,A NUMB] ( PEOPLE OR CASES C\LD BE BR\<T UP TO FUR!R ILLUM9ATE ?IS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,M>X E>LY ON WAS CONC]N$ ) :AT TE*NOLOGY IS1 :AT PRODUCTION & ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E1 & DET]M9$1 AS MANY1 MANY PEOPLE HAVE1 ?AT IT'S AT BASE DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,& H5CE IT IS A VITAL QUE/ION H[ /UNT+ OR H[ NEGATIVE DIVISION ( LABOR IS4 ,BUT ,M>X W5T ON FROM ?AT BANALITY1 :I* DOESN'T GET MU* EXAM9$1 AS WE KN[1 TO V]Y DIFF]5T QUE/IONS1 SU* AS :I* CLASS [NS & CONTROLS ! TE*NOLOGY & MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & H[ DOES ! DISPOSSESS$ CLASS1 ! PROLET>IAT1 SEIZE ?AT TE*NOLOGY FROM ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,?IS WAS QUITE A DIFF]5T EMPHASIS FROM EXAM9+ & EVALUAT+ TE*NOLOGY1 & REPRES5TS AN AB&ONM5T ( HIS E>LI] 9T]E/4  ,( C\RSE1 BY ?AT PO9T1 ,M>X C]TA9LY FELT ?AT TE*NOLOGY IS A POSITIVE GOOD4 ,TODAY ! PEOPLE :O SAY ?AT IT'S M]ELY A TOOL1 A NEUTRAL ?+1 ?AT IT'S PURELY A MATT] ( 9/RUM5TAL USE ( TE*NOLOGY1 REALLY BELIEVE ?AT TE*NOLOGY IS A POSITIVE ?+4 ,BUT !Y WANT TO BE A LITTLE MORE CANNY AB\T IT1 SO AGA91 MY PO9T IS ?AT IF Y\ SAY IT'S NEUTRAL1 !N Y\ AVOID TE/+ ! TRU? CLAIM ?AT IT'S POSITIVE4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 IF Y\ SAY IT'S NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE1 Y\ HAVE TO LOOK AT :AT IT IS4 ,Y\ HAVE TO GET 9TO IT4 ,BUT IF Y\ SAY IT'S NEUTRAL1 ?AT HAS WORK$ PRETTY WELL AT PRECLUD+ ?IS EXAM9ATION4  ,NEXT1 ,I WANT TO PROVIDE A QUOTE ?AT KEEPS COM+ BACK TO ME1 A V]Y PREGNANT QUOTE FROM A BRILLIANT MA!MATICIAN -- & IT'S NOT ,T$ ,KACZYNSKI4 ,IT'S ! ,BRITI% MA!MATICIAN1 ,ALAN ,TUR+1 & SOME ( Y\1 ,I'M SURE1 KN[ ?AT HE E/ABLI%$ MANY ( ! !ORETICAL F\NDATIONS = ! COMPUT] 9 ! #a#i#cS & #dS4 ,ALSO1 IT W\LD BE WOR? M5TION+ ?AT HE TOOK HIS [N LIFE 9 ! #eS BECAUSE ( A PROSECUTION /EMM+ FROM ! FACT ?AT HE WAS GAY1 SOME:AT LIKE ! ACTION AGA9/ ,OSC> ,WILDE AB\T #e YE>S E>LI]4 ,ANYWAY1 ,I M5TION ?AT -- & ,I DON'T WANT TO BELITTLE ! TRAGIC FACT ?AT HE WAS GAY & ?IS WAS HIS 5D BECAUSE ( IT -- BUT HE TOOK HIS LIFE BY PA9T+ AN APPLE ) CYANIDE & BIT+ 9TO IT1 & IT MAKES ME ?9K ( ! =BIDD5 FRUIT ( ! TREE ( KN[L$GE & :E!R HE WAS SAY+ SOME?+ AB\T ?AT1 AS WE KN[ :AT HAPP5$ ) ?AT4 ,WE HAVE WORK1 AGRICULTURE1 MIS]Y & TE*NOLOGY \T ( ?AT4 ,& ,I ALSO WOND]1 9 PASS+1 AB\T ,APPLE COMPUT]S4 ,:Y W\LD !Y USE AN APPLE8 ,IT'S K9D ( A MY/]Y TO ME4 .<LAU<T]4.> 

,BUT ANYWAY1 AFT] ?IS DIGRESSION1 ! QUOTE ?AT ,I WAS TRY+ TO GET TO H]E4  ,9 ! MIDDLE ( AN >TICLE = ! J\RNAL ,M9D 9 #a#i#e1 HE SAID1 0,I BELIEVE ?AT AT ! 5D ( ! C5TURY1 ! USE ( WORDS 9 G5]AL $UCAT$ OP9ION WILL HAVE ALT]$ SO MU* ?AT ONE WILL BE ABLE TO SPEAK ( MA*9ES ?9K+ )\T EXPECT+ TO BE CONTRADICT$40 ,N[1 :AT ,I ?9K IS ( A LOT ( 9T]E/ H]E IS ?AT HE DOESN'T SAY ?AT BY ! 5D ( ! C5TURY WE'LL HAVE COMPUT+ MA*9ES 7!Y W]E /ILL CALL$ COMPUT+ MA*9ES AT ?AT TIME7 ?AT HAVE ADVANC$ SO F> ?AT PEOPLE WON'T HAVE ANY TR\BLE UND]/&+1 N[1 ?AT MA*9ES ?9K4 ,HE SAYS1 0444! USE ( WORDS 9 G5]AL $UCAT$ OP9ION WILL HAVE ALT]$ SO MU*40 

,N[1 ,I'M GIV+ A READ+ ( ?IS :I* IS PROBABLY DIFF]5T FROM :AT HE HAD 9 M9D1 BUT :5 Y\ ?9K AB\T IT1 ?IS HAS TO DO ) ?IS QUE/ION ( ! 9T]RELATION%IP ( SOCIETY & TE*NOLOGY4 ,I ?9K HE WAS QUITE RI<T2 AGA91 NOT BECAUSE >TIFICIAL 9TELLIG5CE -- IT WASN'T CALL$ ?AT BACK !N1 ( C\RSE -- HAD ADVANC$ SO F>4 ,ACTUALLY1 IT HASN'T MADE V]Y GOOD ON ITS AMBITI\S CLAIMS1 AS ,I UND]/& IT4 ,BUT SOME PEOPLE N[ 5T]TA9 ?AT NOTION V]Y S]I\SLY4 ,9 FACT1 !RE'S EV5 A SMALL BUT CONSID]ABLE LIT]ATURE ON :E!R MA*9ES FEEL & AT :AT PO9T MA*9ES LIVE4 ,& ?AT ISN'T BECAUSE ,>TIFICIAL ,9TELLIG5CE HAS GONE V]Y F>1 IT SEEMS TO ME4 ,9 ! E>LY '#hS1 !RE WAS AN AWFUL LOT ( TALK AB\T 0JU/ >\ND ! CORN]10 & ,I'M NOT AN EXP]T ON ,A,I1 BUT ,I DON'T ?9K IT HAS GONE V]Y F>4 ,IT PLAYS A PRETTY GOOD GAME ( *ESS1 ,I GUESS1 BUT ,I DON'T ?9K IT'S ANY:]E NE> !SE O!R A*IEVEM5TS1 OR LEVELS4 

,I ?9K :AT EXPLA9S ! *ANGE 9 P]CEPTION AB\T COMPUT]S IS ! DE=MATION CAUS$ BY ! MASSIVE AM\NT ( ALI5ATION ?AT HAS HAPP5$ 9 ! PA/ #e YE>S OR SO4 ,?AT'S :Y SOME1 & ,I HOPE NOT MANY1 HOLD TO ?IS PO9T AB\T COMPUT]S LIV+4  ,9 T]MS ( :AT !Y >E CAPABLE (1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 :5 Y\ HAVE ! DI/ANCE N>R[+ BETWE5 HUMANS & MA*9ES 9 ! S5SE ?AT IF WE >E BECOM+ MORE MA*9E-LIKE1 IT'S EASI] TO SEE ! MA*9E AS MORE HUMAN-LIKE4 ,I DON'T WANT TO BE OV]LY DRAMATIC AB\T IT1 BUT ,I ?9K MORE & MORE PEOPLE WOND]1 IS ?IS LIV+ OR >E WE JU/ GO+ ?R\< ! MOTIONS8 ,:AT'S HAPP5+8 ,IS EV]Y?+ BE+ LEA*$ \T ( LIFE8 ,IS ! :OLE TEXTURE & VALUES & EV]Y?+ K9D ( DRA9+ AWAY8 ,WELL1 ?AT W\LD TAKE MANY O!R LECTURES1 BUT IT'S NOT SO MU* ! ACTUAL ADVANCE ( ! TE*NOLOGY3 ,IF MA*9ES CAN BE HUMAN1 HUMANS CAN BE MA*9ES4 ,! TRULY SC>Y PO9T IS ! N>R[+ ( ! DI/ANCE BETWE5 ! TWO4 

,ANO!R QUOTATION TO SIMIL>LY M>K ?IS DESC5T1 IF Y\ WILL1 IS A %ORT ONE FROM A COMPUT] COMMUNICATIONS EXP]T1 ,J4,C4,R4 ,LICKLID]4 ,9 #aifh HE SAID1 0,9 ! FUTURE1 WE'LL BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE MORE EFFECTIVELY ?R\< A MA*9E ?AN FACE-TO-FACE40 ,IF ?AT ISN'T E/RANGEM5T1 ,I DON'T KN[ :AT IS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ONE /RIK+ ASPECT 9 T]MS (C ULTURAL DEVELOPM5T IS ?AT ! CONCEPT ( ALI5ATION IS DISAPPE>+1 HAS ALMO/ DISAPPE>$4 ,IF Y\ LOOK AT ! 9DICES ( BOOKS 9 ! LA/1 SAY1 #b YE>S1 0ALI5ATION0 ISN'T !RE ANY MORE4 ,IT HAS BECOME SO BANAL1 ,I GUESS1 :AT'S ! PO9T ( TALK+ AB\T IT8  ,I WAS READ+ A REC5T REVIEW ON ANO!R SUBJECT BY ! POLITICAL !ORI/1 ,AN?ONY ,GIDD5S1 ,I ?9K IT'S ,SIR ,AN?ONY ,GIDD5S1 ACTUALLY4 ,HE F\ND IT REM>KABLE ?AT 0CAPITALISM HAS DISAPPE>$ AS AN OBJECT ( /UDY1 JU/ :5 IT HAS REMOV$ ANY ALT]NATIVE TO ITSELF40 ,ONE MI<T ?9K1 :AT ELSE IS !RE TO /UDY 9 ! ABS5CE ( ANY O!R SY/EM8 ,BUT NO ONE TALKS AB\T IT4 ,IT'S JU/ A GIV54 ,IT'S ANO!R COMMONPLACE ?AT IS APP>5TLY JU/ ACCEPT$ & NOT SCRUT9IZ$4 ,&1 ( C\RSE1 CAPITAL IS 9CREAS+LY TE*NOLOGIZ$4 ,A K9D ( OBVI\S PO9T4 ,! PEOPLE :O ?9K ?AT IT'S AB\T SURF+ ! ,NET & EX*ANG+ E-MAIL ) Y\R C\S9 9 ,IDAHO OR SOME?+1 OBVI\SLY NEGLECT ! FACT ?AT ! MOVEM5T ( CAPITAL IS ! COMPUT]'S BASIC FUNCTION4 ,! COMPUT] IS !RE = FA/] TRANSACTIONS1 ! FA/] MOVEM5T ( COMMODITIES & SO ON4  ,?AT %\LDN'T EV5 HAVE TO BE PO9T$ \T4 

,SO ANYWAY1 BACK TO ! !ME ( H[ ! :OLE FIELD OR GR\NDWORK MOVES & \R P]CEPTION ( TE*NOLOGY & ! VALUES WE ATTA* TO IT *ANGE1 USUALLY PRETTY IMP]CEPTIBLY4 ,FREUD SAID ?AT ! FULLNESS ( CIVILIZATION WILL MEAN UNIV]SAL NEUROSIS4 ,& ?AT S\NDS K9D ( TOO SANGU9E1 :5 Y\ ?9K AB\T IT4 ,I'M V]Y DI/URB$ BY :AT ,I SEE4 ,I LIVE 9 ,OREGON1 :]E ! RATE ( SUICIDE AMONG #a#e-TO-#a#i YE> OLDS HAS 9CREAS$ #f.0 S9CE #a#i#f#a4 ,I F9D IT H>D TO SEE ?IS AS O!R ?AN Y\? GETT+ TO ! ?RE%OLD ( ADUL?OOD & SOCIETY & LOOK+ \T1 & :AT DO !Y SEE8 ,!Y SEE ?IS B]EFT PLACE4 ,I'M NOT SAY+ !Y CONSCI\SLY GO ?R\< ?AT SORT ( =MULATION1 BUT SOME K9D ( ASSESSM5T TAKES PLACE1 & SOME JU/ OPT \T4 

,A /UDY ( SEV]AL ( ! MO/ DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES IS %[+ ?AT ! RATE ( S]I\S DEPRESSION D\BLES AB\T EV]Y T5 YE>S4 ,SO ,I GUESS ?AT MEANS IF !RE >5'T 5\< PEOPLE ON ANTI-DEPRESSANTS RI<T N[1 JU/ TO GET ?R\< ! DAY1 WE'LL ALL BE TAK+ !M BE=E LONG4 ,Y\ CAN JU/ EXTRAPOLATE FROM ?IS *ILL+ FACT4 ,IF Y\ LOOK = A REASON :Y ?AT WON'T KEEP GO+1 :AT W\LD ?AT BE )\T A PRETTY TOTAL *ANGE8  ,& MANY O!R ?+S4 ,! TURN AWAY FROM LIT]ACY4 ,?AT'S A PRETTY BASIC ?+ ?AT IS SOME:AT BAFFL+1 BUT IT ISN'T BAFFL+ IF Y\ ?9K ?AT PEOPLE >E VISC]ALLY TURN+ AWAY FROM :AT DOESN'T HAVE MEAN+ ANYMORE4 ,! \TBUR/S ( MULTIPLE HOMICIDES4 ,?AT US$ TO BE UNHE>D (1 EV5 9 ?IS VIOL5T C\NTRY1 JU/ A FEW DECADES AGO4 ,N[ IT'S SPREAD+ TO ALL ! O!R C\NTRIES4 ,Y\ CAN H>DLY PICK UP ! PAP] )\T SEE+ SOME HORR5D\S ?+ 9 ,MC,DONALD'S OR AT A S*OOL OR SOME PLACE 9 ,SCOTL& OR ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 AS WELL AS ,L4,A4 OR :]EV] 9 ! ,U4,S4 

,RAN*O ,SANTA ,FE4 ,Y\ PROBABLY REMEMB] ?IS QUOTE FROM ! NEWS4 ,IT'S FROM A WOMAN :O WAS P>T ( ! ,HEAV5'S ,GATE GR\P !RE4 0,MAYBE ,I'M CRAZY1 BUT ,I DON'T C>E4 ,I'VE BE5 H]E #ca YE>S1 & !RE'S NO?+ H]E = ME40 ,I ?9K ?AT SPEAKS = QUITE A LOT ( PEOPLE :O >E SURVEY+ ! EMPT9ESS1 NOT JU/ CULT MEMB]S4 

,SO WE'RE SEE+ ! CRISIS ( 9N] NATURE1 ! PROSPECT ( COMPLETE DEHUMANIZATION1 L9K+ UP ) ! CRISIS ( \T] NATURE1 :I* IS OBVI\SLY ECOLOGICAL CATA/ROPHE4 ,& ,I WON'T BORE Y\ ) ! LATT]2 EV]YONE H]E KN[S ALL ITS FEATURES1 ! ACCEL]AT+ EXT9CTION ( SPECIES1 ETC41 ETC4 ,UP 9 ,OREGON1 = EXAMPLE1 ! NATURAL1 ORIG9AL =E/ IS VIRTUALLY ONE HUNDR$ P]C5T GONE2 ! SALMON >E ON ! V]GE ( EXT9CTION4 ,EV]YBODY KN[S ?IS4  ,& IT'S GREATLY URG$ ALONG BY ! MOVEM5T ( TE*NOLOGY & ALL ?AT IS 9VOLV$ !RE4 

,M>V9 ,M9SKY -- ,I ?9K ?IS WAS 9 ! E>LY '#hS -- SAID ?AT ! BRA9 IS A ?REE-P\ND COMPUT] MADE ( MEAT4 ,HE'S ONE ( ! LEAD+ ,>TIFICIAL ,9TELLIG5CE PEOPLE4 ,& WE HAVE ALL ! RE/4 ,WE HAVE ,VIRTUAL ,REALITY4 ,PEOPLE WILL BE FLOCK+ TO ?AT1 JU/ TO TRY TO GET AWAY FROM AN OBJECTIVE SOCIAL EXI/5CE ?AT IS NOT TOO MU* TO LOOK AT OR DEAL )4 ,! CLON+ ( HUMANS1 OBVI\SLY IS JU/ A MATT] ( PROBABLY MON?S AWAY4 ,FRE% HORRORS ALL ! TIME4  ,$UCATION4 ,GET ! KIDS L9K$ UP :5 !Y'RE FIVE OR SO TO ! COMPUT]4 ,!Y CALL IT 0KN[L$GE PRODUCTION40 ,& ?AT'S ! BE/ ?+ Y\ C\LD SAY AB\T IT4 

,I WANT TO READ ONE QUOTE H]E FROM ,HANS ,MORAVEC FROM ,C>NEGIE-,MELLON1 :O IS A CONTRIBUTOR TO ! P]IODICAL ,EXTROPY4 ,HE SAYS1 0,! F9AL FRONTI] WILL BE URBANIZ$ ULTIMATELY 9TO AN >5A :]E EV]Y BIT ( ACTIVITY IS A MEAN+FUL COMPUTATION4 ,! 9HABIT$ PORTION ( ! UNIV]SE WILL BE TRANS=M$ 9TO A CYB]SPACE4 ,WE MI<T !N BE TEMPT$ TO REPLACE SOME ( \R 9N]MO/ M5TAL PROCESSES ) MORE CYB]SPACE -- APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS PUR*AS$ FROM >TIFICIAL 9TELLIG5CE & SO1 BIT BY BIT1 TRANS=M \RSELVES 9TO SOME?+ MU* LIKE IT4 ,ULTIMATELY1 \R ?9K+ PROC$URES C\LD BE TOTALLY LIB]AT$ FROM ANY TRACES ( \R ORIG9AL BODY1 9DE$ ( ANY BODY40 ,I DON'T ?9K ?AT REQUIRES ANY COMM5T4 

,BUT1 ( C\RSE1 !RE HAVE BE5 CONTR>Y VOICES4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 ANALYZES BY PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 PRETTY WORRI$ AB\T ! :OLE DEVELOPM5T4 ,ONE ( ! BE/ IS ,HORKHEIM] & ,ADORNO'S ,DIALECTIC ( ,5LI<T5M5T1 WRITT5 9 ! '#dS4 ,IF TE*NOLOGY IS NOT NEUTRAL1 !Y >GUE V]Y =CEFULLY1 REASON ISN'T A NEUTRAL ?+ EI!R1 :5 Y\ ?9K AB\T IT4 ,!Y RAISE A CRITIQUE ( :AT !Y CALL 09/RUM5TAL REASON40 ,REASON1 UND] ! SIGN ( CIVILIZATION & TE*NOLOGY1 IS FUNDAM5TALLY BIAS$ T[>D DI/ANC+ & CONTROL4 ,I'M NOT GO+ TO TRY TO SUM UP ! :OLE ?+ 9 A FEW WORDS1 BUT ONE ( ! MEMORABLE P>TS ( ?IS WAS !IR LOOK AT ,ODYSSEUS FROM ! ,ODYSSEY1 FROM ,HOM]1 ONE ( ! BASIC TEXTS ( ,EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION1 :]E ,ODYSSEUS IS TRY+ TO SAIL PA/ ! SIR5S4  ,HORKHEIM] & ,ADORNO DEMON/RATE ?AT ?IS DEPICTS AT A V]Y E>LY PO9T ! T5SION BETWE5 ! S5SU\S1 ,]OS1 PRE-HI/ORY1 PRE-TE*NOLOGY1 & ! PROJECT ( GO+ PA/ ?AT & DO+ SOME?+ ELSE4 ,ODYSSEUS HAS HIS O>SM5 TIE HIM TO ! MA/1 & /UFF !IR [N E>S ) WAX1 SO HE WON'T BE TEMPT$ BY PLEASURE & HE CAN GET ?R\< TO ! REPRESSIVE1 NON-S5SU\S LIFE ( CIVILIZATION & TE*NOLOGY4 

,( C\RSE1 !RE >E MANY O!R M>K]S ( E/RANGEM5T4 ,DESC>TES1 #ce YE>S AGO3 0,WE HAVE TO BECOME ! MA/]S & POSSESSORS ( NATURE40 ,BUT :AT ,I ?9K IS ALSO WOR? PO9T+ \T 9 A CRITIQUE LIKE ,HORKHEIM] & ,ADORNO'S & MANY O!RS1 IS ?AT IF SOCIETY DOESN'T SUBDUE NATURE1 SOCIETY ALWAYS WILL BE SUBJECT$ TO NATURE &1 9 EFFECT1 !RE PROBABLY WON'T BE ANY SOCIETY4 ,SO !Y ALWAYS PUT ?AT CAVEAT1 ?AT QUALIFICATION1 :I* IS TO !IR CR$IT = HONE/Y2 BUT IT PUTS A BRAKE ON ! IMPLICATIONS ( !IR CRITIQUE4 ,IT MAKES IT LESS A BLACK-&-:ITE ?+1 OBVI\SLY1 BECAUSE1 WELL1 WE CAN'T REALLY GET AWAY FROM DOM9ATION ( NATURE1 & ?AT'S :AT ! :OLE ?+ IS BAS$ ON1 \R V]Y EXI/5CE4 ,WE CAN CRITICIZE ! TE*NOLOGICAL LIFE1 BUT :]E W\LD WE BE )\T IT8 

,BUT SOME?+ ?AT ,I ?9K HAS V]Y1 V]Y 5ORM\S IMPLICATIONS HAS HAPP5$ 9 ! LA/ #b OR #c YE>S1 & ,I DON'T ?9K IT HAS YET GOT \T V]Y MU*4 ,!RE HAS BE5 A :OLESALE REVISION 9 S*OL>LY IDEAS ( :AT LIFE \TSIDE ( CIVILIZATION REALLY WAS4 ,ONE ( ! BASIC IDEOLOGICAL F\NDATIONS = CIVILIZATION1 = RELIGION1 ! /ATE1 POLICE1 >MIES1 EV]Y?+ ELSE1 IS ?AT Y\'VE GOT A PRETTY BLOOD?IR/Y1 AWFUL1 SUBHUMAN CONDITION BE=E CIVILIZATION4  ,IT HAS TO BE TAM$ & TUTOR$ & SO ON4 ,IT'S ,HOBBES4 ,IT'S ?AT FAM\S IDEA ?AT PRE-CIVILIZ$ LIFE WAS NA/Y1 BRUTI% & %ORT2 & SO TO RESCUE OR 5ABLE HUMANITY AWAY FROM FE> & SUP]/ITION1 FROM ?IS HORRIBLE CONDITION 9TO ! LI<T ( CIVILIZATION1 Y\ MU/ HAVE :AT ,FREUD CALL$ ! 0=CIBLE R5UNCIATION ( 9/9CTUAL FRE$OM40 ,Y\ JU/ HAVE TO4 ,?AT'S ! PRICE4  ,ANYWAY1 ?AT TURNS \T TO BE COMPLETELY WRONG4 ,C]TA9LY1 !RE >E DISAGREEM5TS AB\T SOME ( ! P>TS ( ! NEW P>ADIGM1 SOME ( ! DETAILS1 & ,I ?9K MO/ ( ! LIT]ATURE DOESN'T DRAW \T ITS RADICAL IMPLICATIONS4  ,BUT S9CE AB\T ! E>LY '#gS1 WE HAVE A />KLY DIFF]5T PICTURE ( :AT LIFE WAS LIKE 9 ! TWO MILLION OR SO YE>S BE=E CIVILIZATION1 A P]IOD ?AT 5D$ AB\T #a1 YE>S AGO1 ALMO/ NO TIME AT ALL4 

,PREHI/ORY IS N[ *>ACT]IZ$ MORE BY 9TELLIG5CE1 EGALIT>IANISM & %>+1 LEISURE TIME1 A GREAT DEGREE ( SEXUAL EQUALITY1 ROBU/NESS & HEAL?1 ) NO EVID5CE AT ALL ( ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE4 ,I MEAN1 ?AT'S JU/ /AGG]+4 ,IT'S VIRTUALLY A :OLESALE REVISION4 ,WE'RE /ILL LIV+1 ( C\RSE1 ) ! C>TOONI% IMAGES1 ! CAVEMAN PULL+ ! WOMAN 9TO ! CAVE1 ,NE&]?AL AS MEAN+ SOMEBODY :O IS A COMPLETE BRUTE & SUBHUMAN1 & SO ON4  ,BUT ! REAL PICTURE HAS BE5 :OLLY REVIS$4 

,I WON'T TAKE TIME H]E TO GO 9TO ! EVID5CE & ! >GUM5TS1 BUT ,I WANT TO M5TION JU/ A C\PLE ( !M4 ,= EXAMPLE1 H[ DO WE KN[ AB\T %>+8 ,?AT S\NDS LIKE SOME K9D ( '#fS ASS]TION1 RI<T8 ,BUT IT'S SIMPLE ?+S LIKE EXAM9+ ! EVID5CE >\ND HE>?S1 >\ND FIRE SITES1 PROBABLY 9 IMP]MAN5T SETTLEM5TS4 ,IF Y\ F\ND >\ND ONE FIRE Y\'VE GOT ALL ! GOODIES !RE1 WELL1 ?AT LOOKS LIKE ! *IEF & EV]YBODY ELSE HAS LITTLE OR NO?+4  ,BUT IF EV]YBODY HAS AB\T EXACTLY ! SAME AM\NT ( /UFF1 IT >GUES = A CONDITION ( EQUALITY4 ,?OMAS ,WYNN HAS HELP$ US SEE PREHI/ORIC 9TELLIG5CE 9 A DIFF]5T LI<T4 ,HE DREW ON ,PIAGET QUITE A BIT 9 T]MS ( :AT IS CONGEAL$ &_/OR CONCEAL$ 9 EV5 A SIMPLE /ONE TOOL1 & HE DECON/RUCT$ IT TO BR+ \T AB\T EI<T DIFF]5T /AGES & /EPS & ASPECTS TO :AT IT TAKES TO ACTUALLY TAKE SOME?+ LIKE ?AT & MAKE A TOOL \T ( IT4 ,& HE CONCLUD$ -- & ?IS HASN'T BE5 REFUT$ ?AT ,I SEE ANY:]E 9 ! LIT]ATURE -- ?AT AT LEA/ A MILLION YE>S AGO1 ,HOMO HAD AN 9TELLIG5CE EQUAL TO ?AT ( ! ADULT HUMAN TODAY4 ,SO ONE W\LD HAVE SAID1 WELL1 OKAY1 EV5 IF IT WAS K9D ( ROSY PRIOR TO CULTURE1 \R DI/ANT ANCE/ORS W]E JU/ SO DIM !Y C\LDN'T FIGURE \T H[ TO E/ABLI% AGRICULTURE1 HI]>*Y & ALL ! O!R WOND]FUL ?+S4  ,BUT IF ?AT'S NOT TRUE1 !N Y\ />T LOOK+ AT ! :OLE PICTURE QUITE DIFF]5TLY4 

,ONE O!R ?+3 ! BOOK ,/ONE ,AGE ,ECONOMICS BY ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S CAME \T 9 #a#i#g#a1 & A LOT ( HIS >GUM5T IS BAS$ ON EXI/+ HUNT]-GA!R] PEOPLES1 ON JU/ SIMPLY SEE+ H[ MU* !Y WORK$ -- :I* WAS V]Y1 V]Y LITTLE4 ,BY ! WAY1 HE WAS ! *AIRMAN ( ! AN?ROPOLOGY DEP>TM5T AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,MI*IGAN1 SO WE'RE NOT TALK+ AB\T SOME CRANK1 OR A M>G9AL FIGURE4 ,IF Y\ LOOK AT ! LIT]ATURE 9 AN?ROPOLOGY & >*AEOLOGY1 Y\ SEE QUITE AMAZ+ CORRECTIONS TO :AT WE HAD ?\<T4 ,IT MAKES Y\ />T TO ?9K1 ,I GUESS P]HAPS CIVILIZATION WASN'T SU* A GOOD IDEA4 ,! QUE/ION ALWAYS ASK$ WAS :Y DID IT TAKE HUMANITY SO LONG TO FIGURE \T AGRICULTURE8 ,I MEAN1 !Y JU/ ?\<T ( IT YE/]DAY1 RELATIVELY1 LESS ?AN #a1 YE>S AGO4 ,N[ ! QUE/ION IS1 :Y DID !Y EV] TAKE UP AGRICULTURE8 ,:I* IS REALLY ! QUE/ION ( :Y DID !Y EV] TAKE UP CIVILIZATION8 ,:Y DID !Y EV] />T \R DIVISION-(-LABOR-BAS$ TE*NOLOGY8 ,IF WE ONCE HAD A TE*NOLOGY1 IF Y\ WANT TO CALL IT ?AT1 BAS$ ON PRETTY MU* Z]O DIVISION ( LABOR1 = ME ?AT HAS PRETTY AMAZ+ IMPLICATIONS & MAKES ME ?9K ?AT SOMEH[ IT'S POSSIBLE TO GET BACK !RE 9 SOME WAY OR ANO!R4 ,WE MI<T BE ABLE TO RECONNECT TO A HI<] CONDITION1 ONE ?AT S\NDS TO ME LIKE A /ATE ( NE>NESS TO REALITY1 ( :OL5ESS4 

,I'M GETT+ PRETTY CLOSE TO ! 5D H]E4 ,I WANT TO M5TION ,HEIDEGG]4  ,HEIDEGG]1 ( C\RSE1 IS ?\<T ( BY MANY AS ONE ( ! DEEPE/ OR MO/ ORIG9AL ?9K]S ( ! C5TURY4 ,HE FELT ?AT TE*NOLOGY IS ! 5D ( PHILOSOPHY1 & ?AT'S BAS$ ON HIS VIEW ?AT AS TE*NOLOGY 5COMPASSES MORE & MORE ( SOCIETY1 EV]Y?+ BECOMES GRI/ = IT & GRI/ = PRODUCTION1 EV5 ?9K+4 ,IT LOSES ITS SEP>AT5ESS1 ITS QUALITY ( BE+ AP>T FROM ?AT4 ,HIS PO9T IS WOR? M5TION+ JU/ 9 PASS+4 ,& N[ ,I GET TO ONE ( MY FAVORITE TOPICS1 PO/MOD]NISM1 :I* ,I ?9K IS EXACTLY :AT ,HEIDEGG] W\LD HAVE HAD 9 M9D IF HE HAD /UCK >\ND LONG 5\< TO SEE IT4 ,I ?9K ?AT H]E WE HAVE A RA!R COMPLETE ABDICATION ( REASON ) PO/MOD]NISM 9 SO MANY WAYS4 ,IT'S SO P]VASIVE1 YET SO MANY PEOPLE DON'T SEEM TO KN[ :AT IT IS4 ,?\< WE >E COMPLETELY IMM]S$ 9 IT1 FEW1 EV5 N[1 SEEM TO HAVE A GRASP ( IT4 ,P]HAPS ?IS1 9 ITS WAY1 IS SIMIL> TO ! O!R BANALITIES ,I REF]R$ TO E>LI]4  ,NAMELY1 ?AT :I* HAS OV]P[]$ :AT IS ALI5 TO IT IS SIMPLY ACCEPT$ & R>ELY ANALYZ$4 

,SO ,I />T$ HAV+ TO DO SOME HOMEWORK1 & ,I'VE DONE SOME WRIT+ ON IT S9CE1 & ONE ( ! FUNDAM5TAL ?+S -- & SORRY1 = PEOPLE :O ALREADY KN[ ?IS -- COMES FROM ,LYOT>D 9 ! '#gS1 9 A BOOK CALL$ ,! ,PO/MOD]N ,CONDITION4 ,HE HELD ?AT PO/MOD]NISM IS FUNDAM5TALLY 0ANTIPA?Y TO META-N>RATIVES10 MEAN+ IT'S A REFUSAL ( TOTALITY1 ( ! OV]VIEW1 ( ! >ROGANT IDEA ?AT WE CAN HAVE A GRASP ( ! :OLE4 ,IT'S BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT ! TOTALITY IS TOTALIT>IAN4 ,TO TRY TO ?9K ?AT Y\ CAN GET SOME S5SE ( ! :OLE ?+8  ,?AT'S NO GOOD4 ,& ,I ?9K A LOT ( IT1 BY ! WAY1 IS A REACTION AGA9/ ,M>XISM1 :I* HELD SWAY = SO LONG 9 ,FRANCE AMONG ! 9TELLIG5TSIA2 ,I ?9K !RE WAS AN OV]REACTION BECAUSE ( ?AT4 

,SO Y\ HAVE AN ANTI-TOTALITY \TLOOK & AN ANTI-COH]5CE \TLOOK1 EV51 BECAUSE ?AT TOO IS SUSPECT & EV5 ?\<T TO BE A NA/Y ?+4 ,AFT] ALL1 7& H]E'S :]E HE PROBABLY CONCURR$ ) ,HORKHEIM] & ,ADORNO71 :AT HAS ,5LI<T5M5T ?9K+ BR\<T US8 ,:AT HAS MOD]NI/1 OV]VIEW1 TOTALITY-ORI5T$ ?9K+ GOT US8 ,WELL1 Y\ KN[1 ,AUS*WITZ1 ,HIRO%IMA1 NEUTRON BOMBS4 ,Y\ DON'T HAVE TO DEF5D ?OSE ?+S1 ?\<1 TO GET A S5SE ?AT MAYBE PO/MOD]NISM IS ?R[+ EV]Y?+ AWAY & HAS NO DEF5SES AGA9/1 = ONE ?+1 AN ONRU%+ TE*NOLOGY4 

,SIMIL>LY1 PO/MOD]NI/S >E AGA9/ ! IDEA ( ORIG9S4 ,!Y FEEL ?AT ! IDEA ( ORIG9S IS A FALSE ONE 7!SE >E ALL BIG G5]ALIZATIONS2 !RE >E PROBABLY SOME ) SLI<TLY DIFF]5T EMPHASES74 ,WE >E 9 CULTURE4 ,WE'VE ALWAYS BE5 9 CULTURE4 ,WE ALWAYS WILL BE 9 CULTURE4 ,SO WE CAN'T SEE \TSIDE ( CULTURE4 ,SO SOME?+ LIKE NATURE V]SUS CULTURE IS JU/ A FALSE NOTION4 ,?US !Y D5Y ?AT1 TOO1 & FUR!R 9HIBIT UND]/&+ ! PRES5T4 ,Y\ CAN'T GO BACK TO ANY ORIG9S OR BEG9N+ PO9TS ( CAUSATION OR DEVELOPM5T4 ,RELAT$LY1 HI/ORY IS A FAIRLY >BITR>Y FICTION2 ONE V]SION IS AB\T AS GOOD AS ANO!R4  ,!RE'S ALSO EMPHASIS ON ! FRAGM5T>Y1 PLURALISM1 DIV]SITY1 ! R&OM4 ,BUT ,I ASK Y\1 :]E IS ! R&OM8 ,:]E IS ! DIV]SITY8 ,:]E IS IT8 ,TO ME1 ! WORLD IS GETT+ SO />K & MONOLI?IC 9 T]MS ( ! G5]AL MOVEM5T ( ?+S & :AT ! MEAN+ ( ?IS MOVEM5T IS4 ,TO PLAY >\ND ) ?IS EMPHASIS ON M>G9S & SURFACES1 ?IS ATTITUDE ?AT Y\ CAN'T GET BEL[ ! SURFACE1 TO ME IS E?ICAL & 9TELLECTUAL C[>DICE4 0,TRU? & MEAN+80 ,WELL1 ?AT'S JU/ NONS5SE4 ,?AT'S PASSE4 ,ALWAYS PUT T]MS LIKE ?AT 9 QUOTES4 ,Y\ SEE PRETTY MU* EV]Y?+ 9 QUOTES :5 Y\ LOOK AT PO/MOD]N WRIT+4 ,SO IT'S A LOT ( IRONY1 ( C\RSE4 ,IRONY V]G+ ON CYNICISM IS :AT Y\ CAN N[ SEE EV]Y:]E 9 POPUL> CULTURE4 ,9 T]MS ( PO/MOD]NISM1 ?AT'S CLOSE TO ! :OLE ?+4 ,EV]Y?+ IS %IFT+4 ,IT'S JU/ SO SPL9T]$4 ,I DON'T QUITE GET H[ IT IS POSSIBLE TO EVADE :AT IS GO+ ON VIS-A-VIS ! 9DIVIDUAL & :AT IS LEFT ( NATURE4 

,I ?9K PO/MOD]NISM IS A GREAT ACCOMPLICE TO TE*NOLOGY1 & (T5 IS AN EXPLICIT EMBRACE ( IT4 ,LYOT>D SAID ?AT 0DATA BANKS >E ! NEW NATURE40 ,( C\RSE1 IF HE RULES \T ORIG9S1 H[ DOES HE KN[ :AT NATURE IS8 ,!Y HAVE !IR [N SET ( TOTALITY-TYPE ASSUMPTIONS1 BUT !Y DON'T WANT TO COP TO IT4  ,IT'S ONLY ! OLD-FA%ION$ PEOPLE1 ,I GUESS1 :O DON'T WANT TO PLAY ?AT GAME4  ,ONE MORE QUOTE3 ?IS IS FROM A ,PR(ESSOR ,ESCOB> 9 ! ,JUNE #aiid ISSUE ( ,CURR5T ,AN?ROPOLOGY4 ,IT REALLY HAS A LOT TO DO ) H[ TE*NOLOGY DEF9ES :AT IS ! NORM & :AT IS RUL$ \T4 ,HE SAID1 0,TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATIONS 9 DOM9ANT WORLD VIEWS G5]ALLY TRANS=M EA* O!R SO AS TO LEGITIMATE & NATURALIZE ! TE*NOLOGIES ( ! TIME4 ,NATURE & SOCIETY COME TO BE EXPLA9$ 9 WAYS ?AT RE9=CE ! TE*NOLOGICAL IMP]ATIVES ( ! DAY40 ,I ?9K ?AT'S REALLY WELL PUT4 

,SO ,I />T$ ) ONE BASIC FALLACY AB\T TE*NOLOGY4 ,TE*NOLOGY IS NOT NEUTRAL1 NOT A DISCRETE TOOL SEP>ATE FROM ITS SOCIAL PLACEM5T OR DEVELOPM5T AS P>T ( SOCIETY4 ,I ?9K ! O!R ONE IS ?AT1 OKAY1 Y\ CAN TALK ALL Y\ WANT AB\T TE*NOLOGY1 BUT IT'S H]E1 IT'S 9EXORABLE1 & :AT'S ! PO9T ( TALK+ AB\T IT8 ,WELL1 IT ISN'T 9EVITABLE4 ,IT'S ONLY 9EVITABLE IF WE DON'T DO ANY?+ AB\T IT4 ,IF WE JU/ GO ALONG1 !N IT IS 9EVITABLE4 ,I ?9K ?AT'S ! OBVI\S *ALL5GE4 ,! UNIMAG9ABLE WILL HAPP54 ,IT'S ALREADY HAPP5+4 ,& IF WE HAVE A FUTURE1 IT WILL BE BECAUSE WE /& UP TO IT1 & HAVE A DIFF]5T VISION1 & ?9K AB\T DISMANTL+ IT4  ,I ALSO ?9K1 BY ! WAY1 ?AT IF WE HAVE A FUTURE1 WE MAY HAVE A DIFF]5T IDEA AB\T :O ! REAL CRIM9ALS >E1 & :O ! ,UNABOMB] MI<T BE SE5 TO RESEMBLE3 ,JOHN ,BR[N1 P]HAPS2 & :O1 LIKE ,JOHN ,BR[N1 TRI$ TO SAVE US4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #b#c1 #aiig 3 ,AGA9/ ,TE*NOLOGY3 ,A TALK BY ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN 7,APRIL #b#c1 #a#i#i#g7 -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#c1 #bb 3 ,AGA9/ ,TE*NOLOGY3 ,A TALK BY ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN 7,APRIL #b#c1 #a#i#i#g7 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,AGA9/ ,TE*NOLOGY3 ,A TALK BY ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN 7,APRIL #b#c1 #a#i#i#g7 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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