,*APT] #h 

#aihcaihc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,RETURN+ EA/W>D FROM ,?RACE1 ! ,P]SIANS TANGLE ) ,AEGEAN & ,ANATOLIAN ,GREEKS1 PEOPLE CALL$ ,MU%KI ON ANCI5T TABLETS4 ,! ,P]SIANS' [N ONE-TIME ,SCY?IAN COMPANIONS4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! ,AEGEAN & ,IONIAN SEAS >E V]ITABLE HORNETS' NE/S ( PETTY QU>RELS1 FEUDS & NEV] 5D+ W>S AMONG PUNY CITIES4 

,BUT ON CLOS] 9SPECTION ! =M] ,MU%KI >E NOT AT ALL AS ! ,ASSYRIAN & ,BABYLONIAN TABLETS DESCRIBE !M4 ,!Y SPEAK ! ,GREEK DIALECT ( ! ,P]SIANS' [N ORIG9AL TONGUE1 BUT 9 ALL O!R RESPECTS ?OSE ! ,ASSYRIANS CALL$ ,MUSKI >E ,PHO5ICIANS-NOT LIKE ! ,PHO5ICIANS ( ,D>IUS'S DAY1 BUT LIKE ! ANCI5T WORLD-EMBRAC+ ,PHO5ICIANS4 ,!Y WRITE !IR ,GREEK ) ,PHO5ICIAN *>ACT]S1 WE> ,PHO5ICIAN G>M5TS1 TELL ,PHO5ICIAN TALES1 TRAVEL 9 ,PHO5ICIAN %IPS1 & EV]Y LITTLE CITY HAS TRAD+ PO/S 9 EV]Y P>T ( ! ,M$IT]RANEAN1 JU/ LIKE ! ,PHO5ICIANS4 

,EV]Y CITY1 CALL$ A ,POLIS1 HAS %R9ES TO GODS1 SOME ( !M ,PHO5ICIAN4 ,BUT ! ,TEMPLE IS NOT :]E ! GODS >E4 ,! GODS >E 9 ,AGORA1 ! M>KETPLACE4 

,! M5 ( ! POLIS >E ALL M]*ANTS ( W9E & OLIVES-ALL1 ?AT IS1 EXCEPT ! SLAVES-& ALL SW9DLE & LIE AS EXP]TLY AS ,PHO5ICIANS4 ,!Y CLAIM TO D]IVE !IR PHYSICAL /R5G? FROM !IR VIGOR\S EX]CIS+ 9 ! SUN1 BUT ! ,P]SIANS QUICKLY LE>N ?AT AT LEA/ P>T ( ! ,GREEKS' /R5G? COMES FROM ! %IPLOADS ( :EAT :I* >RIVE DAILY1 & AL?\< ! ,GREEKS TRY TO LIE AB\T ! S\RCE ( ! :EAT1 ,D>IUS DISCOV]S ?AT !SE =M] ,MU%KI HAVE NO TR\BLE LOCAT+ ! ,SCY?IANS2 LIKE TRUE ,PHO5ICIANS1 !Y GIVE A FEW J>S ( OLIVES & SOME JUGS ( W9E TO A FEW ,SCY?IAN /RONGM5 & !Y RETURN TO ! ,AEGEAN ) ALL ! :EAT !Y CAN EAT4 

,! ,ASSYRIAN->MOR$ ,P]SIANS 9/9CTIVELY SEE ! WEAK SPOT ( !SE T9Y ,GREEK ,PHO5ICIAS ) !IR FLOAT+ EMPIRES3 ! ,GREEK CITIES CANNOT FE$ L>GE >MIES2 !Y MU/ KEEP !IR WEAL? AFLOAT & EV5 TO MA9TA9 IT4 ,! ,P]SIANS KN[ !Y CAN BE MA/]S ( EV]Y ,ANATOLIAN POLIS 9 A S+LE CAMPAIGN4 

,BUT SU* A CAMPAIGN IS UNNECESS>Y4 ,! ,GREEKS ALSO KN[ !IR [N WEAKNESS1 & EA* ,IONIAN POLIS \TDOES ALL ! O!RS 9 EMPTY+ ALL ITS VISIBLE C(F]S & %IPS TO REGALE ,D>IUS ! ,GREAT ) MORE GIFTS ?AN HIS >MY CAN C>RY TO ,P]SEPOLIS4 ,LIKE ! SECOND ,HIRAM ( ,TIRE1 ! ,GREEKS TRY TO BUY !IR WAY \T ( ! WORLD-EMBRAC+ ,LEVIA?AN'S 5TRAILS4 

,! GREAT ,D>IUS1 CYNICALLY 0,K+ BY ! GRACE ( ,AHURA ,MAZDA10 SURELY RECOGNIZES SOME?+ ?AT MAKES !SE ,GREEKS DIFF] FROM ALL !IR PR$ECESSORS4 

,! ,GREEKS KN[ ?AT !IR GODS >E DEAD1 ?AT ! ,TEMPLES >E EMPTY4 ,:5 !Y LI/5 TO A RECITATION ( ,HESIOD'S DESCRIPTION ( ! AGE :5 GODS M+L$ ) M51 ! LI/5]S CONC5TRATE ON C\NT+ ! /ROPHES 9 ,HESIOD'S L9ES4 

,D>IUS MU/ WI% ! ,P]SIANS :O LI/5 TO RECITATIONS ( ,Z>A?U/RA'S VISIONS W\LD LE>N TO CONC5TRATE ON MET] & V]SE4 ,D>IUS'S [N CYNICISM SURELY HELPS HIM RECOGNIZE ?AT ! ,GREEKS >E BECOM+ SOME?+ WE CALL ,SECUL>1 & HE SURELY ?9KS !M UNIQUE 9 ?IS1 = HE CANNOT KN[ ?AT DI/ANT ,*9ESE >E AT ?AT V]Y MOM5T HURL+ !MSELVES 9TO A SIMIL> SECUL>ISM4 

,! ,GREEKS /ILL MAKE1 OR PRET5D TO MAKE1 SACRIFICES & (F]+S TO !IR GODS2 !Y DON'T KILL & PLUND] = ! SAKE ( KILL+ & PLUND]+4 ,BUT :5 !Y GO TO !IR ,TEMPLES & %R9ES1 ! ,GREEKS DO NOT CONC5TRATE ON GODS1 EV5 DEAD GODS4 ,!Y CONC5TRATE ON ! L9ES1 =MS & COLORS ( ! RO(S & COLUMNS4 

,H[ IS ?IS POSSIBLE8 ,! OLD ,PHO5ICIANS C\LDN'T BE> TO LIVE )\T !IR DEAD ,BAAL1 !Y C\LDN'T BE> TO SEE !MSELVES AS M]E M]*ANTS ( PURPLE & IVORY4 

,! ,GREEKS CAN BE> ?IS NO BETT] ?AN !IR M5TORS4 ,!Y DREAD ! ?\<T ( A NEW ,HESIOD DESCRIB+ A SIX? G5]ATION MADE ( NO METAL :ATEV] BUT ( W9E & OLIVE OIL /OR$ 9 CLAY VASES4 ,!Y SPEAK ( EV]Y?+ EXCEPT ! W9E & OLIVE OIL & ! SLAVES :O H>VE/1 SQUEEZE & /ORE ! OLIVE OIL & ! SLAVES :O H>VE/1 SQUEEZE & /ORE ! JUICES4 ,NO1 !Y DO NOT ?9K !MSELVES M]*ANTS ( W9E & OLIVES4 ,!Y ?9K !MSELVES EXP]T JUDGES ( L9ES1 =MS & COLORS1 EV5 ?OSE ON ! \TSIDE ( ! VASES4 

,! ,GREEKS >E :AT WE CALL ,CONNOISSEURS ( ,>T4 ,!Y'VE P]=M$ ! FEAT ( TRANSF]R+ ! ,TEMPLE'S ACTIVITIES TO ! ,AGORA4 ,!Y'RE ABLE TO DO ?IS BECAUSE FEW ( !IR ,TEMPLE'S ACTIVITIES CAME FROM !IR [N PA/2 MANY COME FROM ,PH5ICIA & NEV] HAD MU* MEAN+ = ! ,GREEKS4 

,:5 !Y'RE ?R\< RANSACK+ ! ,TEMPLE1 !Y'VE =G$ ACTIVITIES ?AT NO LONG] HAVE ANY CONNECTION TO !IR [N OR ANYONE ELSE'S PA/4 ,:AT TO ALL O!RS IS ! SOLE REALITY LOSES ALL ITS REALITY AMONG ! ,GREEKS4 ,! GREAT 5ACTM5TS >E R$UC$ TO ,DRAMA1 ! %R9ES TO >*ITECTURE1 ! VISIONS TO ,PA9T+ & ,SCULPTURE4 ,! EXT]NALIZATION ( VISIONS BECOMES ,>T2 ! 9T]NAL PROB+S BECOME ,PHILOSOPHY2 ! %>+ BECOMES ,RHETORIC4 

,! ,GREEKS HAVE 9V]T$ ! RELATION BETWE5 ! ,TEMPLE & ! ,LEVIA?AN4 ,= ALL !IR PR$ECESSORS1 ! >TIFICIAL BEA/1 H[EV] L>GE & /RONG1 WAS A M]E TOOL1 AN 9/RUM5T = FE$+ ! DEAD GODS 9 ! ,TEMPLE4 ,BUT ! ,GREEKS HAVE TAK5 ! FRAGM5TS ( !IR DISEMB[EL$ ,TEMPLE & TURN$ !M 9TO M]E ORNAM5TS ( !IR ,LEVIA?AN4 ,! ONLY GOD !Y WOR%IP IS ?IS POLIS1 AL?\< !Y WOR%IP ONLY A POLIS ?AT IS PROP]LY ADORN$4 

,!IR ,>I/OTLE WILL ?9K ?AT !IR 5ACTM5TS & ORNAM5TS S]VE TO PURGE PEOPLE ( !IR >MOR1 TO PURIFY !M1 BUT ?IS MAN WILL SEE MANY ?+S ?R\< L5SES ?AT 9V]T = HIM ?+S CLE>LY VISIBLE TO O!RS4 ,! ,GREEKS' 5ACTM5TS & ORNAM5TS S]VE TO PREV5T PEOPLE FROM PURG+ & PURIFY+ !MSELVES1 = !Y COV] UP ! >MOR1 MASK IT1 GIVE IT ! APPE>ANCE ( ,>T4 

,D>IUS ! ,P]SIAN MU/ KN[ ?AT ! ,GREEKS >E F> AHEAD ( HIS ,CANAANITE SUBJECTS ON ! ,LEVANT :O ACTUALLY WOR%IP ! AB/RACTION ( ,LEVIA?AN1 BUT :O TREAT ?IS AB/RACTION AS IF IT W]E A ,SUM]IAN GOD & MAKE !IR ACTUAL ,LEVIA?AN SUBS]VI5T TO IT4 ,!SE ,CANAANITES EV5 P]SECUTE ,AMMONITES1 ,MOABITES1 ,$OMITES1 ,SAM>ITANS1 ,PHO5ICIANS & O!R ,CANAANITES :O DO NOT WOR%IP ! AB/RACTION 9 !IR ,TEMPLE4 

,ONLY MU* LAT] PEOPLE :O CLAIM TO BE HEIRS ( ,MOSES WILL LE>N TO WOR%IP ! ACTUAL ,LEVIA?AN1 BUT 9 ?IS !Y WILL BE HEIRS ( ! ,GREEKS & ( ! LAT] ,5GLI% ,GREEKS ( ,HOBBES'S AGE :O WILL TRY TO P]=M ! FEAT ( WOR%IP+ ,LEVIA?AN UNADORN$4 

,D>IUS & HIS /RONGM5 LE>N :AT !Y CAN1 & SOON !IR CAPITAL ,P]SEPOLIS & !IR ADM9I/RATIVE C5T] ,SUSA FILL ) BUILD+S :I* >E NOT ,TEMPLES & ) MONUM5TS :I* >E NOT %R9ES4 ,SOON ,>*ITECTURE RISES ON ! ,F]TILE ,CRESC5T1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 & ,P]SIANS :O HAD S\<T ! LI<T ( ,AHURA ,MAZDA F9D ! >TIFICIAL LI<T ( ,>T4 

,DUR+ ! REIGNS ( ,Z]ZES & ,>TAZ]ZES1 ! ,P]SIAN ,LEVIA?AN BECOMES 9CREAS+LY ADORN$1 & BY ! REIGN ( ! SECOND ,D>IUS IT IS AS PRETTY AS A POLIS4 

,BY ! TIME ! ?IRD & LA/ ,D>IUS FLEES FROM ,>I/OTLE'S WORLD-R5[N$ PUPIL1 ! ,P]SIANS WILL KN[ ( ,Z>A?U/RA ALMO/ AS LITTLE AS ! ,GREEKS1 & AL?\< ! ,GREEKS WILL R5D] ! NAME AS ,ZOROA/]1 !Y WILL KN[ ONLY ! NAME4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,! ,P]SIAN RUL]S TRY TO /AY \T ( ! ,AEGEAN HORNETS' NE/1 :]E EV]Y LITTLE POLIS W\LD TRY TO DRAW ! 5TIRE WORM 9TO A PETTY FEUD AGA9/ A NEI<BOR+ POLIS4 

,CONSEQU5TLY1 NOT EV]Y ,GREEK POLIS FALLS 9TO ! ,P]SIAN ,LEVIA?AN'S EMBRACE4 ,& ! UNSWALL[$ ,GREEKS DO NOT HESITATE TO EXPLOIT ! H&ICAP ( !IR BRE?R51 ANY MORE ?AN ,PHO5ICIANS HESITAT$ TO EXPLOIT ! IGNORANCE ( !IR FELL[-,CANAANITES :OSE ,EGYPTIAN CAPTIVITY HAD GIV5 !M NO UND]/&+ ( TRADE4 

,ACTUALLY1 NOT ALL ,AEGEAN ,GREEKS B5EFIT FROM ! PLI<T ( !IR ,ANATOLIAN BRE?R54 ,SOME1 LIKE ! ,SP>TANS1 >E NOT ABLE TO D]IVE ANY B5EFIT FROM IT4 ,! ,SP>TANS1 MANY G5]ATIONS E>LI]1 HAD TRI$ TO REMA9 9 :AT ,HESIOD CALL$ !IR FIR/ AGE4 ,WOM5 HAD REMA9$ IMPORTANT AMONG !M1 & M5 HAD BE5 CONT5T TO BEHAVE MORE AS ORNAM5TS ?AN AS MA/]S4 ,BUT ! ,SP>TANS HAD MADE ! MI/AKE ( TRY+ TO PRES]VE !IR VANI%+ COMMUNITY BY =C+ O!RS TO PROVISION IT1 BY CONQU]+ & 5SLAV+ !IR ,MESS5IAN NEI<BORS4 ,9/EAD ( PRES]V+ ANY?+ WOR? KEEP+1 ?IS ACT HAD TURN$ ! ,SP>TANS 9TO FROZ5 >MORS GLU$ TO !IR SPE>S1 EV]-FE>FUL ?AT ! =M] ,MESS5IANS R$UCE TO ,HELOTS W\LD RISE & EXT+UI% ! LITTLE ?AT WAS LEFT ( ,SP>TA4 

,! ,GREEKS :O GA9 FROM ! ,IONIANS' DISCOMFITURE >E ! ONES :O HAVE PRES]V$ NO?+ FROM !IR PA/1 ?OSE ( ,COR9?1 ,AEG9A1 ,]ETRIA1 & ABOVE ALL ,A!NS4 

,DRACON'S LAWS HAVE R$UC$ SE$ PLANT]S TO DEBTORS1 & =M] DEBTORS >E N[ SLAVES :O ORNAM5T M]*ANTS ( W9E & OLIVES4 ,= ! M]*ANTS1 ! WORLD IS AN OBJECT ( PLUND]4 ,E>? IS NOT ,MO!R4 ,%E'S A SWIRL ( MOV+ ATOMS1 JU/ LIKE ! POLIS4 

,EV]Y LITTLE CITY1 AL?\< A HORNET TO ,D>IUS1 IS 9 FACT ! HEAD ( AN OCTOPUS1 ) FREE-MOV+ T5TACLES PROB+ EV]Y COVE & CREVICE ALONG ! ,M$IT]RANEAN'S %ORES1 ) TRAD+ PO/S & COLONIES ON ! %ORES ( ,AFRICA1 ,SPA9 & ,ITALY4 ,! ,GREEK T5TACLES TRY NOT TO CROSS PA?S ) ! T5TACLES S5T \T BE ,C>?AGE1 ,GADES OR ,T>TESSUS1 = ! ,GREEKS >E NOT SURE ( !IR COMM]CIAL PR[ESS 9 ! FACE ( ! ACTUAL ,PHO5ICIANS :O /ILL OP]ATE FROM !SE PLACES4 ,BUT ! ,GREEKS1 ESPECIALLY ! ,A!NIANS1 GO EV]:]E ELSE1 & NO?+ DET]S !M FROM S5D+ %IPS FULL ( M]*&ISE TO ! \TPO/S & COLONIES ( ! UN=TUNATE ,IONIANS :O HAVE TO EMPTY !IR %IPS TO PLEASE ,P]SIAN ,D>IUS4 ,& BY DEFEAT+ ! FLEET S5T AGA9/ !M BY ,D>IUS'S SON ,X]XES1 ! ,A!NIANS SAVE !MSELVES FROM PAY+ TRIBUTE TO ,P]SIA & QUICKLY BECOME AS WEAL?Y AS !IR ,PHO5ICIAN M5TORS' SURVIV+ HEIRS1 ! ,C>?AG5IANS4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,N[ BEG9S ! RISE ( ?AT GREAT & GREAT] ,A!NS SO HI<LY ADMIR$ BY ! LAT] ,WE/]N ,SPIRIT & ITS SO-CALL$ ,R5AISSANCE4 ,! FOLL[+ SIX G5]ATIONS WILL TEEM1 9 >MOR$ ,WE/]N EYES1 ) 9F9ITELY V>I$ 0=MS ( FRE$OM40 

,! 0=MS ( FRE$OM0 WILL BE VISIBLE TO ?OSE :O LOOK AT ,A!NIAN ,RHETORIC & NOT AT ! SLAVES1 GRAPES & OLIVES4 

,A!NIAN RHETORIC PROCLAIMS ?AT ! ,ANATOLIAN CITIES >E N[ FREE & CAN RESUME :]E !Y LEFT (F4 

,BUT ! UNDEFEAT$ ,A!NIAN NAVY EMBRACES !M ALL 9 A ,DELIAN ,CONF$]ACY1 A RHETORICAL NAME = ! ,A!NIAN ,EMPIRE4 ,CAIAN & ,LYDIAN T[NS :I* POLITELY REFUSE TO BE EMBRAC$ >E CO]C$ BY ! SEABORNE ,A!NIAN OCTOPUS ?AT REPLACES ! L&BORNE ,P]SIAN WORM4 

,DISCORD REA*ES ! METROPOLIS ITSELF4 ,TWO P>TIES =M1 A ,WORM ,P>TY & AN ,OCTOPUS ,P>TY4 

,! AU?ORIT>IANS 9 ! ,WORM P>TY KN[ ?AT AN EMPIRE NE$S A L>GE CONC5TRATION ( MILIT>Y P[] TO KEEP FROM DISMEMB]+4 

,! M]*ANTS 9 ! ,OCTOPUS ,P>TY1 L$ BY ! CON/ITUTIONAL TYRANT ,P]ICLES1 KN[ ?AT ! WEAL? ( ,A!NS COMES FROM ITS FREELY-MOV+ T5TACLES1 & ?AT A L>GE MILIT>Y CONC5TRATION W\LD EAT UP ! S\RCES ( ! WEAL?1 EMPTY ! %IPS & LOSE ! EMPIRE4 ,! M]*ANTS KN[ ?AT ! T5TACLES >E NOT FREE HUMAN BE+S BUT BITS ( >MOR1 P>TS ( ! POLIS1 SPL9T]S :I*1 LIKE >R[S1 S]VE !IR PURPOSE ONLY :5 !Y'RE LOOS$4 

,= ?IS M]CANTILE GOOD S5SE1 ,>*ON ,P]ICLES WILL BE PRAIS$ 9 A LAT] DAY AS A DEF5D] ( FRE$OM4 

,P]ICLES DEF5DS ! FRE$OM ( COMMODITY CIRCULATION1 NOT ! FRE$OM ( PEOPLE4 ,TWO ?IRDS ( ! POPULATION ( ! V]Y METROPOLIS CONSI/S ( ZEKS1 ( LABOR GANGS 5GAG$ 9 M9+1 QU>RY+1 CRAFTS1 P]SONAL S]VICE4 ,& ! CITIES 9 ! ,A!NIAN ,EMPIRE >E TRIBUTE-PAY]S LIKE ! CITIES 9 ! ,P]SIAN ,EMPIRE4 

,! ,WORM ,P>TY IS DEFEAT$1 BUT ,A!NIANS DO NOT GIVE UP !IR WORMLIKE ASPIRATIONS4 ,!Y TRY TO EMBRACE !IR 5TIRE H9T]L&1 ,HESIOD'S ,BOEOTIA1 )9 !IR ,EMPIRE4 ,?IS LEADS TO W> ) ,!BES AS WELL AS ,SP>TA1 & ! ,A!NIANS UND] ,P]ICLES BEG9 ! METAMORPHOSES1 ! ALMO/ DAILY *ANGE FROM A FLEXIBLE OCTOPUS TO AN 5TR5*$ WORM1 TO & FRO4 ,UND] ,P]ICLES !Y S5D T5TACLES TO ,EGYPT1 YET BUILD WALLS4 ,DEFEAT$ BY ,SP>TANS & !IR ALLIES1 ! ,A!NIANS GIVE UP !IR L& EMPIRE1 BUT !Y RU% TO R$UCE SEA COLONIES ,SAMOS & ,BYZANTIUM4 

,9SIDE ! METROPOLIS ITSELF RISE :AT ,TOYNBEE WILL DESCRIBE AS SUPREMELY BEAUTIFUL >*ITECTURAL WORKS PAID ) IMP]IAL TRIBUTE EXACT$ BY ,A!NIAN >M$ =CE &1 ,I W\LD ADD1 BY COMM]CIAL WILE4 

,P]ICLEAN FRE$OM IS ! FRE$OM ( CLAWS & T5TACLES TO GRAB :ATEV] CAN BE REA*$4 ,IT IS ! FUNCTION ( ! SUPREMELY BEAUTIFUL >T & >*ITECTURE & DRAMA TO CONCEAL ! CLAWS & T5TACLES1 FIR/ ( ALL FROM ! ,A!NIANS !MSELVES4 

,! ,A!NIANS >E NEV]!LESS AW>E ( ! CLAWS & T5TACLES1 S9CE !Y OP]ATE !M4 ,ONLY LAT] APOLOGI/S = O!R CLAWS WILL SEE NO?+ BUT SUPREME BEAUTY 9 ,P]ICLEAN ,A!NS4 

,FLU%$ ) ! P[] ( SUCCESSFUL IMP]IALI/S1 ,>*ON ,P]ICLES & HIS FELL[ M]*ANTS GO TOO F>4 ,! ,A!NIANS !MSELVES CALL SU* OV]REA* ,HUBRIS3 BL9D >ROGANCE4 ,!Y TRY TO GRAB = !MSELVES ! OV]SEAS \TPO/S ( ,COR9?4 

,BUT ,COR9? IS NOT AN ,IONIAN POLIS DISABL$ BY ,P]SIAN TRIBUTE COLLECTORS4 ,COR9? IS A NEXT-DOOR NEI<BOR1 SECOND ONLY TO ,A!NS 9 OV]SEAS POSSESSIONS4 

,N[ BEG9S ! TALE ( 9HUMAN VIOL5CE BY L& & BY SEA1 ( 5SLAVEM5TS1 MASSACRES & PLAGUES KN[N AS ! ,PELOPONESIAN ,W> & PRES]V$ = ET5ITY'S P]USAL BY ,?UCYDIDES4 

,EV]Y ,A!NIAN ALLY1 EV]Y CONF$]ATE & EV]Y COLONY REBELS AGA9/ ! =M ( FRE$OM ,P]ICLEAN ,A!NS HAD %>$ ) !M4 

,AFT] MORE ?AN A G5]ATION ( FRATRICIDAL & G5OCIDAL W>1 ,A!NS IS R$UC$ TO JU/ ANO!R POLIS1 A POLIS OV]LOAD$ ) MONUM5TS ( PA/ GLORY4 

,& ! R$UC$ ,A!NIANS BECOME PI\S4 ,!Y ORD] ! EXECUTION ( A MAN CALL$ ,SOCRATES BECAUSE HE ANN\NCES PUBLICLY ?AT ! ,A!NIANS' GODS >E DEAD4 ,!Y'VE BE5 DEAD = AGES1 BUT ?IS IS NOT ! TIME TO ANN\NCE !IR DEMISE4 ,)\T ! COV] ( !IR GODS1 ,A!NIANS >E ONLY W9E & OLIVE M]*ANTS1 & NOT FIR/ RATE M]*ANTS AT ?AT4 ,! ,PHO5ECIANS ( ,C>?AGE ON ,AFRICA'S NOR!RN %ORE >E %REWD]1 & AMONG ,GREEKS1 ,SYRACUSE HAS \TRUN ,A!NS 9 SIZE & WEAL?1 IF NOT 9 BEAUTIFUL WORKS4 

,! GREAT AGE ( ,A!NS IS OV]4 ,A!NS HAS RIS5 & FALL54 ,ALL ?AT'S LEFT IS ,PLATO'S ATTEMPT TO F\ND ! IDEAL ,LEVIA?AN1 ! P]FECT POLIS4 

,PLATO IS A TYPICAL ,A!NIAN4 ,HE SPEAKS ( ! ,LEVIA?AN ) ! LANGUAGE ( ! ,TEMPLE4 ,HE CONC5TRATES ON ! ORNAM5TS ?AT CONCEAL ! >MOR4 ,HE REF]S TO SLAVES1 GRAPES & OLIVES ONLY :5 HE EXPLA9S ?AT SOME >E BORN TO SQUEEZE ! JUICES1 O!RS TO SELL !M4 ,ACTUALLY1 HE ?9KS SLAVES WILL BE HAPPY IF SOMEONE EXPLA9S ?IS TO !M4 

,PLATO DOES NOT KN[1 CANNOT KN[1 ?AT A CONTEMPOR>Y ( HIS 9 DI/ANT ,*9A IS DEVIS+ AN ALMO/ ID5TICAL !ORY US+ ! LANGUAGE ( ,LEVIA?AN ITSELF1 UNADORN$4 

,?IS EXACT CONTEMPOR>Y ( ,PLATO IS ,%ANG ,YANG1 M9I/] TO ! ,DUKE ( ,*'9 :O IS !IR HEIR TO A WORM SEGM5T ON ,*9A'S WE/]N $GE1 A SEGM5T ?AT MAY HAVE BE5 C>RI$ !RE BY ,ASSYRIAN-9FLU5C$ PA/ORAL NOMADS OR EV5 BY ,SCY?IANS4 

,%ANG ,YANG'S IDEAL POLIS HAS NONE ( ,PLATO'S FRILLS4 ,! PHILOSOPH]-K+ ( ?IS ,REPUBLIC />TS ?+S MOV+ BY MAK+ ! L& ( PEASANT COMMUNITIES A M>KETABLE COMMODITY4 ,NEXT1 M]*ANTS IMPOV]I% ! PEASANTS & DRIVE !M 9TO DEBT4 ,N[ ! ,DUKE EXPROPRIATES ! DEFAULT+ PEASANTS1 OR ELSE ! PEASANTS !MSELVES SELL !IR L& TO GET \T ( DEBT4 ,EI!R WAY1 ! ANCI5T COMMUNITY BAS$ ON K9%IP IS BROK5 UP1 ! L& PASSES TO ! ,DUKE & HIS H5*M51 & A L>GE NUMB] ( L&LESS =M] PEASANTS IS AVAILABLE = LABOR GANGS & >MIES4 ,ON ?IS SOLID BASIS1 ,LEVIA?AN IS CON/RUCT$4 ,IT IS BOND$ BY CO]CION4 ,ITS ELD]S >E ! SECRET POLICE4 ,ITS >GUM5T IS T]ROR4 ,MUSIC1 POETRY & MORALITY SUBV]T ITS 5DS & >E TOTALLY LIQUIDAT$4 ,! PURPOSE ( ! MA*9E IS TO 5L>GE ITSELF BY P]PETUAL W> & PREP>ATION = W>4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,PLATO & ,%ANG ,YANG BO? F9D MON>*S TO :OM TO (F] !IR S]VICES1 BUT ONLY ,%ANG ,YANG'S ACCEPTS ! (F]+4 ,! ,SYRACUSAN TYRANT TO :OM ,PLATO (F]S HIS S]VICES HAS NO USE = ! FRILLS4 ,SYRACUSE NO LONG] USES ! LANGUAGE ( ! ,TEMPLE4 

,PLATO'S ADMIR] & PUPIL ,>I/OTLE PUTS ! MA/]'S WISDOM 9TO TEXTBOOKS1 A =M SUITABLE = ! ,ACADEMY1 & :5 ,PHILIP ! ,MAC$ONIAN 9VITES ?IS PHILOSOPH] TO TELL HIS SON ,ALEX&] ALL !RE IS TO KN[ AB\T ! POLIS1 ,>I/OTLE ACCEPTS ! 9VITATION4  
  

,PHILIP HIMSELF HAS BE5 GETT+ ALONG )\T ! PHILOSOPH]'S WISDOM4 ,HE />T$ \T BY REPAIR+ A RU/Y SEGM5T AB&ON$ 9 ,?RACE BY ,D>IUS ! ,P]SIAN DUR+ ! HUNT = ,SCY?IANS4 ,PHILIP KN[S ?+S ?AT ,>I/OTLE DOESN'T KN[4 ,HE KN[S -- P]HAPS 9TUITIVELY1 P]HAPS HE'S HE>D ( ,PH5ICIA'S FATE -- ?AT A SEABORNE OCTOPUS IS NO MAT* = A L&BORNE WORM1 ESPECIALLY N[1 :5 EV]Y POLIS 9 ! ,AEGEAN HAS BE5 EXHAU/$ BY ,A!NS'S ATTEMPT TO BE BO? AN OCTOPUS & A WORM4  
  

,! LA/ DEF5D] ( ! ,A!NIAN OCTOPUS IS A MAN CALL$ ,DEMOS!NES4 ,O!RS S5D EMBASSIES TO ,PHILLIP4 ,! ,OCTOPUS ,P>TY F\ND$ BY ,P]ICLES SEEMS TO HAVE P]I%$ ) ! SEA EMPIRE4 

,DEMOS!NES DEF5DS ! OCTOPUS4 ,BUT ,DEMOS!NES IS AN ,A!NIAN & AN ORATOR4 ,HE SPEAKS ,RHETORIC1 ! ORNAM5T$ LANGUAGE ?AT CONCEALS 9/EAD ( REVEAL+4 ,IF HE W] ,%ANG ,YANG HE W\LD SPEAK DIRECTLY ( ! W9E & OLIVES1 HE W\LD REM9D HIS FELL[ ,A!NIANS ?AT !IR WEAL?1 SU* AS IT IS1 /ILL COMES FROM ! CONT9UAL CIRCULATION ( ! COMMODITIES 9 !IR %IPS1 & ?AT EV5 A BRIEF VISIT BY ,PHILIP'S >MY W\LD EMPTY ! %IPS2 %\LD ,PHILIP /AY LONG]1 ! %IPS W\LD /OP MOV+ & ! ,A!NIAN M]*ANTS W\LD BECOME AS POOR AS !IR SLAVES4 

,DEMOS!NES' LI/5]S W\LD BE DEAF EV5 TO ,%ANG ,YANG'S CLE> W>N+S1 BECAUSE ! ,A!NIANS PREF] TO FACE SEV]AL ,PHILIPS RA!R ?AN ANO!R ,PELOPONESIAN W>1 & O!R ,GREEKS CANNOT IMAG9E ! ,MAC$ONIANS BE+ WORSE ?AN ! ,A!NIAN ,CONF$]ATION4 ,!Y 9VITE1 OR AT LEA/ PRET5D TO 9VITE ! ,MAC$ONIAN1 SIL5C+ ALL :O CALL = RESI/ANCE4 

,& ( C\RSE !Y'RE WRONG & ,DEMOS!NES1 OR RA!R ,%ANG ,YANG1 IS RI<T4 ,A!NS F>ES NO BETT] 9 ! 5TRAILS ( A ,MAC$ONIAN WORM ?AN ! SECOND ,HIRAM'S ,TIRE F>$ 9 ! ,ASSYRIAN WORM4 

,! /ORY ( ! ,GREEK POLIS & ITS FREE-MOV+ T5TACLES IS COMPLETELY OV]4 ,LEVIA?ANIZ$ HUMANITY HAS TAK5 ANO!R GREAT /EP UP ! LADD]4 ,PHILIP ( ,MAC$ON WILL BE A NAME KN[N TO EV]Y S*OOL*ILD4 

,! ONLY POLIS LEFT IS DI/ANT ,SYRACUSE1 SITUAT$ ON AN ISL& HALFWAY BETWE5 ,ITALY & ,C>?AGE1 & ,SYRACUSE WILL NEV] BE AS PRETTY AS ,A!NS /ILL IS4 ,! ,A!NIANS HAD RANSACK$ !IR ,TEMPLE & PULL$ ITS CONT5TS 9TO ! ,AGORA1 !Y HAD ALREADY PR(AN$ :AT WAS ONCE SACR$1 BUT !Y HAD DONE ALL ?IS ) PA9T]S' BRU%ES1 ) ,>T4 ,! ,SYRACUSANS DO IT ) BUT*]S' KNIVES1 & SOON !IR ,>*IM$ES WILL SELL ! P[] ( ! VISION>Y TO A TYRANT :O WILL TURN !M AGA9/ ,LIFE ITSELF1 AGA9/ ,MO!R ,E>?4 ,?IS ,>*IM$ES WILL BOA/ 0,GIVE ME A PLACE TO /& & ,I'LL MOVE ! WORLD10 & :5 ! TYRANT KILLS ) ! 9V5TOR'S LEV]S & PULLEYS1 ,>*IM$ES WILL %\T 0,EUREKA60 ,SYRACUSE IS NO LONG] A PRETTY POLIS4 ,IT IS SITUAT$ BETWE5 ! ORNAM5T$ WORLD ( ! ,GREEK POLIS & AN UNADORN$ FUTURE WORLD ( LABOR GANGS & KILL+ MA*9ES :OE DRI$ UP VISION>IES WILL EXPRESS !IR LE?AL MORAL PRECEPTS BY TRANSLAT+ 0,EUREKA60 9TO 0,IT WORKS60 

,AS SOON AS ,PHILIP 5T]S1 ,A*AEAN ,GREEKS LEAVE !IR BEAUTIFULLY ORNAM5T$ CITIES4 ,!IR %IPS />T TO ROT & WILL SOON JO9 ! %IPS ( ,TIRE ON ! BOTTOM ( ! SEA4 ,! =M] W9E & OLIVE M]*ANTS HIRE !MSELVES \T TO ANY RUL] ) WEAL? 5\< TO 5GAGE M]C5>IES4 ,FROM N[ ON !RE WILL BE ,GREEKS ON BO? SIDES ( EV]Y W> 9 EA/]N ,EURASIA WE/ ( ,*9A4 

,PHILIP IS APP>5TLY MURD]$ BY ORD] ( Y\NG ,ALEX&]'S MO!R4 ,! BRAVE ,DEMOS!NES PROPOSES A DECREE TO ! MEMORY ( ! TYRANT'S MURD]]4 

,BUT ! TYRANT'S SON IS NOT AB\T TO PUT 9TO PRACTICE PRECEPTS HE LE>N$ FROM ,>I/OTLE4 ,NEI!R HIS MO!R NOR HIS FA!R'S /RONGM5 HAVE ?IS 9 M9D4 ,EV5 IF ,ALEX&] LOOK$ BEH9D HIS TEA*] & LE>N$ ON HIS [N AB\T ! GRAPES & OLIVES1 !RE'S NO?+ HE CAN DO TO MAKE ! OCTOPUS RUN4 

,SO TW5TY-YE> OLD ,ALEX&] LETS HIMSELF BECOME 0! ,GREAT40 ,HE LETS A H&FUL ( /RONGM5 CALL HIM ,G5]AL ( ! ,GREEKS1 & HE SETS \T ) HIS FLATT]]S TO BECOME ,K+ ( ,K+S & ,LORD ( ,LORDS1 FOLL[+ PA?S BROK5 9 = HIM BY ,CRUS1 TWO ,S>GONS & ,LUGALZAGGIZI1 AT LA/ BURN+ \T 9 ,BABYLON AT ?IRTY-?REE4 

,MANY ( ! REMA9+ ,GREEKS LEAVE ! POLIS TO HELP RAISE ! ,G5]AL ( ! ,GREEKS TO ! ?RONE VACAT$ BY ! ?IRD & LA/ ,D>IUS1 & !Y 5C\NT] FELL[ ,GREEKS HIR$ TO KEEP ! ,P]SIAN FROM FALL+ (F HIS ?RONE4 

,!SE ,GREEKS1 AT LEA/ SOME ( !M1 BECOME ADM9I/RATORS ( ! REALMS C>V$ \T ( ,ALEX&]'S UNWIELDY ,LEVIA?AN BY ! /RONGM5 :O'D HAD PRECISELY ?IS 9 M9D :5 !Y'D SET \T ) ,>I/OTLE'S PUPIL4 ,EA* /RONGMAN BECOMES A ,K+ ( ,K+S 9 ONE OR SEV]AL ( ! MYRIAD LANGUAGES ( ,ALEX&]'S DECOMPOS$ ,LEVIA?AN1 & SOON ,GREEK ORNAM5TS1 ! FRILLS ?AT WILL LAT] BE HAIL$ AS 0=MS ( FRE$OM10 ADORN1 COV] & CONCEAL ! FANGS & CLAWS ( EV]Y CONCEIVABLE TYPE ( >TIFICIAL WORM4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,AFT] ! GREATE/ ( ALL ,GREEK VICTORIES1 ! ,GREEKS :O WELCOM$ ,PHILIP >E %ACKL$ BY TRIBUTE COLLECTIONS1 CONSCRIPT HUNTS & NI<T SE>*ES -- :AT WE WILL CALL TAXES1 LAW & ORD]4 ,! V]Y HOMEL& ( ! POLIS IS 9VAD$1 OCCUPI$1 G>RISON$1 & PLUND]$1 FIR/ BY ,PHILIP'S =M] /RONGMAN ,ANTIPAT]1 !N BY ,ALEX&]'S MO!R1 LAT] BY A SEQU5CE ( ,ANTIGONUSES1 ,DEMETRIUSES & ,PHILIPS1 UNTIL A FIF? ,PHILIP EXP]I5CES ! FATE ( ! ?IRD ,D>IUS & FALLS 9TO ! JAWS ( ! NEXT ,LEVIA?AN4 ,ANO!R ,HIS-/ORY 5DS4 ,5?USIA/S = ! POLIS BECOME LIBR>IANS & ANTIQU>IANS4 

,?IS SEQU5CE ( ATROCITIES WILL TURN UP 9 BOOKS ( ,HIS-/ORY AS AN $IFY+ SEQU5CE ( ADVANCES4 ,BUT !SE EV5TS >E NOT EXP]I5C$ AS HUMAN ADVANCES BY ?OSE :O LIVE !M4 

,! PLAYWRI<T ,M5&] EXPRESSES ! DEP? ( HIS 5?USIASM = ! M>* ( ,CIVILIZATION BY REFLECT+1 0,WISE/ IS HE :O HAS FEWE/ EXPECTATION1 & HAPPIE/ :O DIES Y\NG40 

,! PHILOSOPH] ,Z5O NO LONG] HAS EV5 A %R$ ( ! PATRIOTISM ( HIS PR$ECESSOR ,>I/OTLE & ,PLATO4 ,9 ,Z5O'S EYES1 EV]Y?+ 9 ! ,LEVIA?ANIC WORLD IS A NECESS>Y EVIL4 ,! 5?USIASM ( ! POLIS-BUILD]S GIVES WAY TO ! RESIGNATION ( ZEKS4 

,EPICURUS SAYS IT TOO3 ,HELL IS RI<T H]E1 IT IS ! MAN-MADE WORLD Y\'RE 91 & ! GODS >E TOO REMOTE TO HELP Y\1 SO LIVE UNOBTRUSIVELY &1 ) LUCK1 Y\'LL HAVE NO?+ TO FE>4 

,!RE >E SOME1 CALL$ ,CYNICS1 :O GO EV5 FUR!R4 ,!Y SAY !RE'S NO?+ AT ALL HUMAN AB\T ,LEVIA?AN1 & ! ONLY HUMAN ALT]NATIVE IS TO DISREG>D ,POLITY ALTOGE!R & LIVE BY ONE'S CONSCI5CE4 

,NOT S9CE ,HESIOD'S AGE HAVE ,GREEKS TURN$ !IR BACKS ON ,CIVILIZATION SO COMPLETELY4 

,! RESI/ANCE1 REJECTION & )DRAWAL >E EI!R SKIPP$ 9 ACC\NTS ( ,HIS-/ORY1 OR ELSE !Y'RE COMP>TM5TALIZ$ & EXPLA9$ AWAY AS 0RELIGION40 ,YET !SE >E ! ONLY P>TS ( ! /ORY TAT HAVE ANY HUMAN MEAN+4 ,ALL ! RE/ IS A TALE ( WORMS1 A TALE ( HUGE1 MANEAT+1 E>?WRECK+ >TIFICIAL WORMS4 

,! /ORY ( ,ALEX&]'S SUCCESSORS IS A TALE ( CRUELTY & W> BETWE5 RIVAL ,LEVIA?ANS TRY+ TO EAT EA* O!R4 ,!Y ALL 5D UP BE+ EAT5 BY A WORM MANN$ BY NEW PA/ORAL NOMADS F$ UP ) CONSCRIPT HUNTS1 TRIBUTE RAIDS & M]*ANT C>AVANS4 ,NOMADIC ,P>NI TRIBES ?R\< :OSE L&S ! C>AVANS MOVE TO ,*9A & BACK SET \T TO %ORT5 ,CIVILIZATION'S C>E]1 BUT LIKE SO MANY PR$ECESSORS !Y 5D UP /RET*+ A ,P>?IAN ,LEVIA?AN OV] ! EA/]N PROV9CES ( ,ALEX&]'S REALM4 

,NEXT DOOR TO ,P>?IA1 ,*5G PUTS ,%ANG ,YANG'S PRECEPTS 9TO PRACTICE & BECOMES ,%IH ,HUANG-TI1 FIR/ EMP]OR ( A UNIFI$ ,*9ESE ,LEVIA?AN4 

,9 ! ,M$IT]RANEAN1 EV]YONE'S EYES >E ON ,SYRACUSE1 ! LA/ SURVIV+ WEAL?Y & P[]FUL ,GREEK POLIS4 ,SYRACUSE IS />T+ TO TANGLE ) ! ,C>?AG9IAN OCTOPUS4 ,BUT WE WILL LOOK ELSE:]E1 BECAUSE WE WILL KN[ ?AT BO? ,SYRACUSE & ,C>?AGE >E GO+ TO BE SWALL[$ -- ,C>?AGE WILL 9 FACT BE DE/ROY$ -- BY A WORM NO ONE CAN SEE YET1 A WORM CALL$ ,ROME4  
  

"9 "9 "9  

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aihb 3 ,*APT] #h -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,OCTOB] #h1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #h -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/