,*APT] #af 

#aihcaihc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,VIK+S1 ,SLAVS1 ,MAGY>S & ,BYZANT9ES CONF9E ,ROMANIZ$ ,FRANKDOM TO A FIELD :OSE DIM5SIONS >E MODE/ = AN ALL-EMBRAC+1 NAMELY ,CA?OLIC ,EMPIRE4 

,ISLAM WILL UND]M9E & CUT %ORT ! DEVELOPM5T ( ANY ,FRANKI% PROJECT EV5 )9 ! N>R[ FIELD LEFT BY ! O!RS4 

,! 9CURSION ( ,*>LEMAGNE'S >MY 9TO ,ISLAMIC ,SPA9 DOES NO?+ = ! ,FRANKS & IT W>NS ! ,MUSLIMS ( ! EXI/5CE & *>ACT] ( ! ,FRANKI% ,EMPIRE4 

,!RE ISN'T EV5 A W>4 ,! TWO SIDES >E TOO UNEQUAL4 ,WE MU/ BE C>EFUL NOT TO PROJECT LAT] ,WE/]N TRAITS 9TO E>LI] EV5TS4 ,! ,MUSLIMS >E >MOR$ ) WEAPONS & TE*NOLOGIES ( ,C5TRAL ,EURASIA'S ,LEVIA?ANS4 ,! ,FRANKI% ,KNI<TS >E >MOR$ ) COATS ( MAIL :I* S]VE !M BE/ 9 !IR =E/ B\TS AGA9/ EA* O!R4 

,! ,KNI<TS HAVE ACQUIR$ 9FLAT$ CONCEPTIONS ( !IR MISSION & P[] FROM !IR MEGALOMANIACAL SPIRITUAL ADVIS]S1 BUT !Y W]E =MIDABLE ONLY :5 !Y BULLI$ & SLAU<T]$ ,SAXON PEASANTS4 ,!Y DID LESS WELL 9 ! FACE ( ,VIK+S1 ,MAGY>S & ,MORAVIANS4 ,!Y DIS9TEGRATE 9 ! FACE ( ,ISLAM4 

,*>LEMAGNE'S SON ,L\IS1 CALL$ ! ,PI\S1 REASSURES HIMSELF ( ,FRANKI% PR[ESS BY /AY+ CLOSE TO ! ICONS ?AT PROMISE ,FRANKS ! WORLD & F> FROM ! GAP+ JAWS ( ALL ! LIONS ( ! ,WE/1 BUT ?IS /R5G!NS ! WE/]N ,EMPIRE AB\T AS MU* AS ,BYZANTIUM'S RECOGNITION4 

,PI\S ,L\IS IS OV]?R[N BY HIS [N SONS1 :O PROMPTLY TURN !IR SPE>S & VASSALS AGA9/ EA* O!R4 

,MUSLIMS RETALIATE AGA9/ GR&FA!R ,*>LEMAGNE'S 9CURSIONS BY RAID+ & !N CONQU]+ ,SICILY4 ,! DECAPITAT$ ,CA?OLIC ,LEVIA?AN1 PLUNG$ 9TO CIVIL W> BY ! F\ND]'S GR&SONS1 HAS ALREADY LO/ ITS ABILITY TO RESPOND4 ,NOR? ,AFRICAN ,MUSLIMS MOVE UP ! COA/ ( ,ITALY1 US+ ,PAL]MO & !N ,B>I ON ! ,P59SULA'S V]Y COA/ AS BASES FROM :I* !Y PROCE$ 9L&4 ,SOON !Y >E PILLAG+ ,NAPLES1 =TIFY+ !MSELVES 9 ,APULIA1 & MOV+ T[>D ! T]RITORY ! ,POPES CLAIM TO HAVE RECIEV$ FROM ,CON/ANT9E4 

,! ,MUSLIM 9VAD]S REA* ,ITALY FROM A REGION !Y NAME ,IFIQUYAH1 A REGION :I* WAS KN[N AS ,C>?AGE BE=E IT BECAME A ,ROMAN PROV9CE CALL$ ,AFRICA4 ,! ,TUNISIAN ,MUSLIMS >E UNWITT+LY & BELAT$LY AV5G+ ! EXT]M9AT$ ,C>?AG9IANS :ILE ! LATT]-DAY ,ROMANS >E DIVID+ !IR ,EMPIRE 9TO ?REE ,K+DOMS1 NONE ( !M CAPABLE ( SAV+ ,ROME4 

,! PA!TIC ,VIC> ( ,*RI/1 SUPREME ,PONTIFEX ( AN EMPIRE ?AT NO LONG] EXI/S1 HAS TO FACE ,HANNIBAL'S SUCCESSORS ON HIS [N 9 A /RUGGLE :I* IS NEI!R MEMORABLE NOR ,ROMAN4 ,! F\R? ,LEO SAVES ONLY HIMSELF1 BY WALL+ HIMSELF 9TO A P>T ( ,ROME4 ,HIS PRISON WILL BE CALL$ ! ,LEON9E ,CITY AL?\< IT WILL HAVE NO AFF9ITY TO A LION BEYOND ! NAME4 ,/ILL LAT] IT WILL BE CALL$ ! ,VATICAN4 

,& ! ,POPE'S LONG-S\<T ,FRANKI% ,EMPIRE1 N[ DIVID$ 9TO ?REE ,FRANKI% ,K+DOMS1 LEAVES ! ,POPE 9 HIS PRISONBECAISE ! ,IMP]IAL GR&SONS >E NOT ABLE TO COPE EV5 ) !IR [N PROBLEMS4 ,BALD ,*>LES CANNOT /OP ,VIK+S FROM PLUND]+ ! COA/S ( ,GAUL NOR FROM REA*+ ,P>IS ITSELF4 ,BRO!R ,L\IS1 CALL$ ,! ,G]MAN1 CAN CONFRONT NEI!R UNIT$ ,MORAVIA NOR ! ,VIK+S PLUND]+ ! NOR!RN COA/S4 ,& ,BRO!R ,LO?>1 SUPREME ,LORD ( ,LO?>+IA1 EXP]I5CES HIS FA!R'S FATE ( SEE+ ,LO?>+IA SPLIT 9TO ?REE YET SMALL] P>CELS ( ,EMPIRE4 ,ONE MORE SU* DIVISION & ! ,IMP]IAL P>CELS WILL NOT EXCE$ ,MORAVIA 9 SIZE4 

,IT MI<T BE ?\<T ?AT ! HEIRS ( ! ,FRANKS W\LD AT ?AT PO9T COPY !IR NEI<BORS & CON/ITUTE !MSELVES 9TO NATION-/ATES4 ,?IS DOESN'T HAPP54 ,HAV+ ONCE TA/$ ,EMPIRE1 ! ,FRANKS WILL BE AS 9FLEXIBLY DEVOT$ TO PHANTOMS ( PA/ =MS AS ! ,PONTIFEX ( ,ROME4 ,*ANGES WILL BE IMPOS$ ON BO? BY \TSID]S4_* 

,FRANKS & ,POPES WILL 9 FACT PRET5D ?AT ! ,EMPIRE NEV] CEAS$ TO EXI/4 ,! ,POPE WILL ANO9T :I*EV] ( ,*>LEMAGNE'S HEIRS IS ABLE TO REA* ,ROME1 & :5 ,FRANKI% HEIRS BECOME EXT9CT1 ! ,POPES WILL CR[N ANY ADV5TUR] :O ALLIES ) ! ,PONTIFEX4 ,! ,POPES WILL CALL !SE ANO9TEES ,HOLY ,ROMAN ,EMP]ORS1 NAMELY ,EMP]ORS 9 ! EYES ( ,GOD & ! ,POPE4 

,! HEIRS ( ,*>LEMAGNE1 BESET BY 9VAD]S1 DO NOT FALL DEF5D+ ,FRANKDOM2 !Y TE> EA* O!R AP>T BE=E ! 9VAD]S REA* !M4 

,9 ! FACE ( 9DEP5D5T ,MORAVIANS & RAID+ ,MAGY>S1 ! EA/]NMO/ SECTOR ( ,FRANKDOM BREAKS \T 9 FEUDS :I* DISPOSE ( ! LA/ HEIRS4 ,! ,FRANKS >E REPLAC$ BY ,CA?OLIC ,SAXON FRONTI] COMM&]S :O DEVOTE !MSELVES TO DO+ TO O!RS :AT ,FRANKS DID TO ! ,SAXONS4 ,! FIR/ ( !SE1 ,H5RY ! ,F[L] & HIS SUCCESSOR ,OTTO1 SPREAD DESOLATION AMONG ,SC&9AVIANS1 ,MAGY>S1 ,SLAVIC ,W5DS & ,POLES4 ,OTTO VISITS ! ,POPE & DEM&S AN ,IMP]IAL CR[N = HIS EM95TLY ,FRANKI% & ,CA?OLIC DE$S4_* 

,! ,POPE1 A TWELF? ,JOHN :O CALLS HIMSELF ,OCTAVIAN1 ,PR9CE ( ,ROME1 ALREADY KN[S ?AT ! ONLY ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE LEFT IS ! ,POPE'S [N ,LEON9E ,CITY4 ,! ,POPE NEV]!LESS CR[NS ,OTTO BECAUSE ! G5OCIDAL ,SAXON FRONTI] >MY IS ALL ?AT IS LEFT ( ! ,CA?OLIC IMP]IAL PROJECT4 ,! ,LO?>+IAN P>T ( ,FRANKDOM IS EXT9CT1 & ! WE/]N HOME BASE ( ! ,FRANKS DIS9TEGRAT$ 9 ! FACE ( ,VIK+ & ,MUSLIM 9CURSIONS4 

,:5 ,MUSLIMS E/ABLI%$ !MSELVES ON ! ,PROV5CAL COA/ & ,VIK+S BESIEG$ ,P>IS1 A CONGRESS ( ,KNI<TS REMOV$ ! LA/ ,FRANKI% ,EMP]OR 9 ORD] TO RESI/ ! 9VAD]S4 ,! GR&SON ( ONE ( !SE ,KNI<TS1 A ,HU< ,CAPET1 RETA9S ! TITLE ,K+ ( ! ,FRANKS1 BUT HIS DOM9ION IS CONF9$ TO ,P>IS4 ,?IS ,CAPET'S DESC5DANTS WILL EXP& !IR DOM9ION ONLY AFT] !Y >E ?OR\<LY ,VIK+IZ$ & ,ISLAMIZ$4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,! ,NOR?M5 :O BESIEGE ! HE>T ( ,FRANKDOM >E 9 ,GAUL TO /AY4 ,!Y TAKE OV] A L>GE PORTION ( ,GAUL & R5AME IT ,NORM&Y4 ,!IR HEADMAN ,HROLF OR ,ROLLO BECOMES ,DUKE ( ! ,NORMANS4 ,9TIMATELY FAMILI> ) !IR LONG-TIME 5EMIES1 !SE ,VIK+S CLAIM1 ) TONGUE 9 *EEK1 ?AT ,NORM&Y WAS A DONATION ( ! LA/ ,FRANKI% ,EMP]OR TO ,DUKE ,ROLLO4 ,9 TIME !Y EV5 ADOPT ! LANGUAGE & SOME ( ! WAYS ( ! ,FRANKS4 ,& !Y TRANS=M ,FRANKDOM 9TO AN 5TITY ?AT WILL BE FAMILI> TO US1 BUT :I* IS EXOTIC & ANTI!TICAL TO ! ,CA?OLIC ,FRANKS4 

,! ,NORMANS BR+ M>ITIME COMM]CE -- ! ,CA?OLIC NAME = IT IS ,PIRACY -- TO ! HE>T ( ,FRANKDOM4 ,! ,NORMANS1 LIKE !IR NOR!RN K9SM5 & LIKE ! ,V5ETIANS1 >E CLI5TS ( ,LEVANT9E M]CANTILE H\SES2 ,NORM&Y IS ANO!R T5TACLE ( ! ,ISLAMIC SEABORNE OCTOPUS4 

,FR5*-SPEAK+ ,VIK+S REPLACE ,JEWS AS C>RI]S ( EXOTIC LUXURIES4 ,!IR NOR!RN K9 C>RY ,MUSLIM CLO? & SILV] ALL ! WAY TO ,ICEL& & ,GRE5L&1 & ,]IC ! ,R$ TRANSPORTS ,ISLAMIC LUXURIES ALL ! WAY TO ,V9L& 79 0,NOR? ,AM]ICA07 TW5TY G5]ATIONS BE=E O!R ,EUROPEANS DISCOV] ! EXI/5CE ( SU* A PLACE4 

,! %IPS ( ! ,NOR?M5 RETURN TO ! ,LEVANT LAD5 ) FURS1 TIMB] & 5SLAV$ HUMAN BE+S1 AL?\< ! ,V9L& %IPS DO NOT RETURN4 ,! ,V9L&]S APP>5TLY DISCOV] SOME?+ MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ,MUSLIM SILV]1 SOME?+ !Y'VE ALL BUT LO/1 & !Y /OP COMMUNICAT+ ) !IR ,LEVIA?ANIZ$ K9SM54 

,! YE> ?AT !IR C\S+ ,KNUT OR ,CANUTE BECOMES ,K+ ( ,5GL& AS WELL AS ,D5M>K1 TURN+ ! ,NOR? ,SEA 9TO A COMM]CIAL HI<WAY1 ,FR5*-SPEAK+ ,NORMANS1 NOM9ALLY ,*RI/IANS1 ACCOMPANY A M]C5>Y CALL$ ,RA9ULF TO ,MUSLIM ,SICILY & SEEK !IR =TUNES EI!R AS AG5TS ( ! ISL&'S ,ISLAMIC M]*ANTS OR !IR SUCCESSORS4 ,HIR+ !MSELVES \T AS M]C5>IES1 ! ,NORMANS1 LIKE !IR ,TURKI% CONTEMPOR>IES FUR!R EA/1 BECOME !IR EMPLOY]S' MA/]S & SUCCESSORS4 

,O!R ,NORMANS QUICKLY FOLL[ ,RA9ULF'S LEAD1 & 9 LESS ?AN A G5]ATION M]CANTILE ,NORMANS OCCUPY ! SEATS ( M]CANTILE ,MUSLIMS 9 ALL ( ,SICILY & MO/ ( S\!RN ,ITALY4 

,NOM9ALLY1 ,*RI/IANS HAVE \/$ ,MUSLIMS FROM ,ITALY4 ,BUT ! ,POPES :O SEE !SE EV5TS KN[ BETT]2 !Y KN[ ?AT ! NEW M]*ANTS DIFF] FROM ! OLD ONLY 9 !IR REFUSAL TO B[ TO ! M]CIFUL GOD & 9 !IR GREAT] RAPACITY4 

,EV5 ,BYZANT9E ,*RI/IANS RECOGNIZE 9 ! ,NORMANS A GREAT] ?REAT ?AN ,ISLAM4 

,9 A R>E ALLIANCE1 ! ,POPE GANGS UP ) ! ,HOLY ,ROMAN ,EMP]OR AS WELL AS ! ,BYZANT9E ,EMP]OR TO TRY TO \/ ! ,NORMANS FROM ,APULIA & ,SICILY4 

,! ,NORMANS DEFEAT ! R>E ALLIANCE & CAPTURE ! N9? ,LEO1 ! ,POPE4 ,AFT] AN UNRECORD$ SESSION CONSI/+ ( BLACKMAIL OR OPPORTUNISM OR BO?1 ! ,POPE EXCOMMUNICATES HIS ,BYZANT9E ALLIES & EMBRACES ! ,ISLAMIZ$ ,NORMANS AS HIS P]SONAL VASSALS4 ,! NEXT FEW ,POPES >E CREATURES ( ,NORMANS1 :OM ! ,POPES 9VE/ AS 0,DUKES ( ,APULIA & ,CALABRIA40 

,! ,NORMAN SUCCESSORS TO ,ITALY'S ,MUSLIM /RON<OLDS & SUBJECTS PROCE$ TO DO :AT ,ITALIAN ,MUSLIMS HAD NEV] DONE3 !Y ATTACK ,*RI/IAN ,BYZANTIUM FROM ! WE/4 

,TWO ( ! =M] ALLIES1 ! ,HOLY ,ROMAN & ! ,BYZANT9E1 R5EW !IR ALLIANCE1 ?IS TIME AGA9/ ! ,MUSLIM >MY UND] ! ,NORMAN ,ROB]T ,GUISC>D FI<T+ ALONGSIDE ! ,POPE4 ,! TWO ,EMP]ORS >E DEFEAT$ & ! VICTORI\S ,MUSLIMS & ,NORMANS CELEBRATE BY PLUND]+ ,ROME BE=E M>*+ EA/W>D TO CONQU] ! ,BYZANT9E ,EMPIRE4 ,BESET BY ! ,NOR?M5 FROM ,SICILY1 ,BYZANT9E ,EMP]OR ,ALEXIUS AB&ONS ! ATTEMPT TO RECONQU] ,ANATOLIA FROM ! ,SELJUK ,TURKS :O CALL ,ANATOLIA 0,RUM0 OR ,ROME4 ,EMP]OR ,ALEXIUS CONFRONTS ! ,NORMANS ) A M]C5>Y =CE ( ,V5ETIANS & ,V>ANGIANS OR ,RUSSIAN ,NOR?M54 

,ROB]T ,GUISC>D IS NOT AS SUCCESSFUL AS ,WILLIAM ! ,CONQU]OR2 HE DIES 9 ,BYZANTIUM & SO DOES ! ,NORMAN ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE4 

,& M]C5>Y ,V5ICE1 =M]LY ,BYZANTIUM'S MA9 FLEET1 DEF5DS ! ,EMPIRE FROM ,NORMANIZATION AT ! PRICE ( TAK+ OV> ALL ! ,EMPIRE'S M>ITIME COMM]CE4  
  

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,! ,V5ETIANS SUCCE$ :]E ! ,NORMANS FAIL$4 ,!Y TURN ! ,M$IT]RANEAN 9TO A ,V5ETIAN COMM]CIAL HI<WAY4 ,LONG APPR5TIC$ TO ,LEVANT9E M]*ANTS1 LIKE ! ,ETRUSCANS & ,GREEKS BE=E !M1 !Y N[ LAUN* AN 9DEP5D5T OCTOPUS ( !IR [N4 ,!Y CAN DO ?IS AT ?IS MOM5T NO ONLY BECAUSE !IR ,BYZANT9E OV]LORD HAS BECOME P]MAN5TLY DISABL$1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE !IR ,ISLAMIC ,LEVANT9E 9/RUCTORS HAVE BECOME %ACKL$ BY A ,TURKI% ,LEVIA?AN :I*1 BE+ L&-ORI5T$ & WORMLIKE1 T5DS TO REPRESS ! FREE MOVEM5T ( ,MUSLIM COMM]CIAL T5TACLES4 

,CA?OLIC ,NORMANS & ,BYZANT9E ,V5ETIANS1 5EMIES ON WAT]Y BATTLEFIELDS1 ONCE APPR5TICES TO ,>ABIC M]*ANTS & N[ MA/]S1 C>RY NOT ONLY ,>ABIC W>ES BUT ALSO ,>ABIC M]CANTILE WAYS TO ! HE>T ( ,EUROPE4 ,V5ETIANS WILL LONG RETA9 !IR M>ITIME TRAD+ MONOPOLY4 ,NORMANS1 ! METAMORPHOS$ ,POPE'S FAVORITES1 >E QUICKLY JO9$ BY ,LOMB>DS1 ,BURGUNDIANS1 ,FLEM+S1 EV5 ,FRANKS4 

,M>KETS SPR+ UP ON ! ROADS BETWE5 ! =M]LY SELF-SUFFICI5T MANORS4 ,S]FS 9ITIALLY S5T \T BY !IR ,LORDS TO 9SPECT EXOTIC W>ES BECOME APPR5TICES TO ! M]*ANTS & SOON BUY !IR WAY \T ( ! MANORS4 

,! M>KETS GR[ 9TO M]CANTILE T[NS1 & EA* T[N TRIES TO BE A ,V5ICE4 ,EA* T[N S5DS \T T5TACLES ( ITS [N & TRIES TO IMPOSE A MONOPOLY ( TRADE 9 ITS [N 0,M$IT]RANEAN40 

,! M]CANTILE T[NSPEOPLE1 CALL$ ,BUR<]S 9 ,FRANKDOM1 MA9TA9 !IR 9DEP5D5CE FROM ! >M$ M>AUD]S :O SURR\ND !M BY ! ,>ABIC ME?OD ( PROVISION+ & BRIB+ ! M\NT$ ,NOBLEM54 

,:ILE ?IS IS HAPP5+ TO ,FRANKDOM'S S\?1 =M] ,SC&9AVIAN /RON<OLDS ON ,FRANKDOM'S NOR!RN FR+ES ANN\NCE ! =MATION ( A LEAGUE ( COMM]CIAL CITIES1 ! ,HANSEATIC ,LEAGUE1 & PROCLAIM TO ! WORLD !IR MONOPOLY OV] ALL M>ITIME TRADE BETWE5 ,LONDON & ,NOVGOROD4 

,I'M TEMPT$ TO CALL ?IS TRANS=MATION 0,ISLAMIZATION0 ( ,EUROPE BUT ! T]M W\LD EXPRESS AN EXAGG]ATION4 ,>ABIC M>KETS1 M]CANTILE WAYS1 C>AVANS & COMMODITIES DO SPREAD ?R\<\T ,EUROPE1 BUT ,EUROPEANS DO NOT BEG9 TO B[ TO M]CIFUL ,ALLAH4 ,EUROPEANS REMA9 COMMITT$ TO ! GOD ( ,ROMAN LEGIONS1 ,OPTIMUS ,MAXIMUS4 ,!IR RELIGION BECOMES ,ISLAMIZ$ ONLY 9 ! S5SE ?AT !Y GEG9 TO WOR%IP ,OPTIMUS ,MAXIMUS 9 ! =MS ( HO>DS ( ,MUSLIM SILV]4 ,SU* IDOLATRY IS CLE>LY UN-,ISLAMIC4 

,! FACT ?AT COMMODITY M>KETS1 T[NS FULL ( ,BUR<]S & SILV] MONEY COME TO ,EUROPE FROM ,ISLAM WILL BE A MY/]Y TO PR(\ND !ORETICIANS :O WILL SEEK ! ROOTS ( EXP&$ COMMODITY PRODUCTION 9 ! SELF-SUFFICI5T ,FRANKI% MANORS4 ,BUT ?IS IS NO MY/]Y TO ,EUROPEANS :O UND]GO ! TRANS=MATION4 ,AS SOON AS !Y DISC>D !IR ,ROMAN ANTIPA?Y TO F9ANCIAL TRANSACTIONS & !IR ,CA?OLIC ANTIPA?Y TO F9ANCIAL TRANSACTIONS1 ,EUROPEANS1 ESPECIALLY S\!RN1 =M]LY ,FRANKI% ,EUROPEANS1 LOOK TO ,ISLAM = ! RE/ ( ! >MOR ?AT GOES ) ! COMM]CIAL WAYS4 

,FRANKI% FEALTY & ,CA?OLIC ABSOLUTION GIVE NEI!R W>M? NOR COMPLETION TO ,BUR<]S' LIVES1 & M]CANTILE ,WE/]N ,EUROPEANS BECOME AVID READ]S ( ,ISLAMIC TEXTS TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,LAT9 BY MULTI-L+UAL ,JEWI% S*OL>S 9 ,MUSLIM ,SPA94 ,! PHILOSOPHY ( ,IBN-,S9A & ! MA!MATICS ( AL-,BIRUNI BECOME MORE IMPORTANT TO ,BUR<]S ?AN ! ,LIVES ( ! ,SA9TS4 ,! ,PLATO & ,>I/OTLE ( ! LAT] 0WE/]N TRADITION0 >E P>T ( ! ,ISLAMIC CULTURE N[ ABSORB$ BY ! ,WE/4 

,! ,ROMAN WORM :I* ! ,*UR* TRI$ TO REVIVE DUR+ A MILL5IUM IS REPLAC$ BY A PLE?ORA ( L&BORNE & SEABORNE OCTOPUS-%AP$ ,LEVIA?ANS1 BY ,MECCAS1 ,M$9AS & M9IATURE ,BA<DADS1 BY A NETWORK ( ,V5ICES1 EA* DEVOT$ TO MONOPOLIZ+ ! :OLE FIELD1 EA* CONSID]+ ITSELF AN ,A!NS4  
  

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,IT IS PRECISELY AT ?IS MOM5T ?AT ! ,POPE ( ,ROME1 ONE NAM$ ,URBAN1 ANN\NCES A HOLY W> AGA9/ ,ISLAM1 ! ,FIR/ ,CRUSADE3 

,TURN ! WEAPONS :I* Y\ HAVE /A9$ UNLAWFULLY 9 ! SLAU<T] ( ONE ANO!R AGA9/ ! 5EMIES ( ! FAI? & ! NAME ( ,*RI/4 

,FR$]ICK ,TURN] WILL LUCIDLY ANALYZE ! HOLY W> AS AN EXT]NALIZATION ( ! VIOL5CE PREVI\SLY TURN$ 9W>D4 ,9 ITS G5OCIDAL SWEEP1 9 ! MAGNITUDE ( ITS LIE1 9 ITS EXPLOITATION ( REPRESSIONS & RES5TM5TS1 ! ,POPE'S PROCLAMATION ALREADY ANN\NCES EV]Y?+ ! ,WE/ WILL BECOME4 

,! HOLY W> AGA9/ UNBELIEV]S BEG9S AT HOME1 AGA9/ ,JEWS1 AT A TIME :5 ,WE/]N]S NO LONG] NE$ ,JEWS BECAUSE ,LOMB>DS AS WELL AS ,FRANKS >E !MSELVES C>RI]S ( M]*&ISE4 ,! PI\S ,FRANKI% & ,CA?OLIC ANTIPA?Y TO TRADE BECOMES PR9CIPL$ BY EXPRESS+ ITSELF 9 MASSACREWS AT A TIME :5 ! P]PETRATORS ( ! MASSACRES >E />T+ TO COMPETE ) ,JEWS = GOODS & M>KETS4 

,?OSE :O HATE ,JEWI% M]*ANTS CRUSADE ALONGSIDE ?OSE :O HATE ,JEWI% COMPETITORS 9 A HOLY ALLIANCE ( EXPLOIT]S ) !IR [N VICTIMIZ$ CLI5TS4 ,) ONE & ! SAME /ROKE1 ! ONES CONSID] !MSELVES REG5]AT$ 9TO A COMMUNITY ( FREE ,FRANKS :ILE ! O!RS ?9K !MSELVES REG5]AT$ 9TO ,GREEKS TRANSLAT$ 9TO ! ,FRANKI% ,LAT9 FROM ,>ABIC4 

,LIKE ALL ! ,WE/]N]S' LAT] RELIGI\S1 POLITICAL & COMM]CIAL PROPAG&A1 ! ,HOLY ,W> AGA9/ ,9FIDELS IS A TISSUE ( LIES :I* HAS SOME?+ = EV]YONE1 & :AT IT (F]S TO EA* IS 9COMPATIBLE ) :AT IT (F]S ALL O!RS4 ,IT (F]S SOME ! PROSPECT ( BECOM+ :AT !Y NO LONG] >E1 O!RS ! PROSPECT ( BECOM+ :AT !Y NEV] W]E4 

,UND] ! BANN] ( ! BIG LIE1 PEOPLE :OSE FREE COMMUNITIES >E REPRESS$ BEYOND RETRIEVAL NEV]!LESS RETRIEVE LO/ COMMUNITIES1 LO/ K9%IP & LO/ FRE$OM1 BUT ONLY DUR+ ! 9/ANT :5 !Y SLAU<T] IMAG9$ 5EMIES ( ALL !Y LO/4 

,FIELDS ( CORPSES >E ! CONFIRMATION ( ! ,WE/]N]S' REG5]ATION4 ,! LO/ HUMANITY IS REGA9$ BY MEANS ( A SACRIFICIAL ACT4 ,! HUMANITY ( O!RS IS ! (F]+4 

,! MASSACRE ( ,JEWS AT HOME IS ONLY A PREP>ATION1 A M]E REHE>SAL = ! FIR/ ACT ( ! HOLY W>4 ,TURN] WILL SAY1  
  

,IT IS ! ,CRUSADES ?AT TRULY COMM5CE ! PATT]N ( L>GE-SCALE1 9T]NATIONAL ,*RI/IAN VIOL5CE AGA9/ ALL UNBELIEV]S ?AT AT LA/ BE> >MS ITS C9D]$ FRUIT 9 ! RU9S ( ,T5O*TITLAN4  
  

,WE/]N ,CA?OLICS :O DO NOT KN[ :]E ! ,LEVANT IS LOCAT$1 :O = A MILL5NIUM HAD CONSID]$ ,ROME ! C5T] ( ! WORLD1 SUDD5LY LE>N FROM ,NORMAN & ,V5ETIAN M]*ANTS ?AT ,J]USALEM IS ! REAL C5T]4 ,!Y F9D ,J]USALEM BY FOLL[+ ! PA?S ( ! M]CANTILE PIONE]S1 & ONCE !RE1  
  

!Y LAID L[1 )\T DI/9CTION1 EV]Y 5EMY 5C\NT]$1 79 ! WORDS ( ! ,>*BI%OP ( ,TIRE1 CIT$47  
  
  

,EV]Y:]E WAS FRI<TFUL C>NAGE1 EV]Y:]E LAY HEAPS ( SEV]$ HEADS1 SO ?AT SOON IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO PASS OR TO GO FROM ONE PLACE TO ANO!R EXCEPT OV] ! BODIES ( ! SLA9444,IT IS REPORT$ ?AT )9 ! ,TEMPLE 5CLOSURE ALONE AB\T T5 ?\S& 9FIDELS P]I%$444  
  

,! EXT]M9ATION ( ! ,NAHUATL1 ,QUE*UA1 ,ALGONQUIAN1 ,IROQUOIAN1 ,POLYNESIAN1 ,AFRICAN & ,EA/ ,ASISN POPULATIONS IS ALREADY ANN\NC$4 ,CORTEZ1 ,PIZZ>O1 ,CASS1 ,&REW ,JACKSON1 ,CECIL ,RHODES1 ,ADOLPH ,HITL] & ,RI*>D ,NIXON WILL LAT] BE NAMES = SIMIL> FACELESS ,KNI<TS :O P]PETRATE ! SAME G5OCIDE ON O!R ,J]USALEMS4 

,! HUMAN FACE IS EXT+UI%$ BY A ,LEVIA?ANIC MASK :I* IS ITSELF MASK$1 VEIL$1 HIDD54 ,! PURPOSE ( ! VEILS IS TO %[ ! ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN AS SOME?+ HE NO LONG] IS OR NEV] WAS1 & TO HIDE :AT HE HAS BECOME4 

,/ILL MORE DREADFUL WAS IT TO GAZE UPON ! VICTORS !MSELVES1 DRIPP+ ) BLOOD FROM HEAD TO FOOT1  
  

! ,>*BI%OP TELLS1 GAZ+ ?R\< ! VEILS AT ! ,LEVIA?ANIC MASKS4  
  

,BUT ! VICTORS !MSELVES GAZE ONLY AT ! VEILS4 ,9SPIR$ BY ,TR\BADORS :O S+ ( ,FRANKDOM'S BYGONE GLORY & BY PRIE/S :O *ANT 9 ,LAT9 AB\T RESURRECTION1 ! ,KNI<TS1 SEE !MSELVES AS SAVIORS ( ! ,HOLY ,L& FROM ,9FIDELS1 AS SUCCESSORS TO ! REBELS :O 9T5D$ TO CA/ FIRE UPON ! ,LEVIA?ANIZ$ WORLD1 AS SOME?+ !Y WILL NEV] BECOME & NEV] W]E4 

,ANY & EV]Y LIE IS WORN AS YET ANO!R VEIL4 ,TE>S %$ = ,J]USALEM'S DEFAMATION BY ,>ABIC 9FIDELS >E SUPPLEM5T$ BY TE>S = ,BYZANTIUM'S DESOLATION 9 ! FACE ( ,TURKI% 9FIDELS4 ,! ,CRUSAD]S DEMON/RATE !IR LOVE = POOR ,BYZANTIUM BY TE>+ :AT'S LEFT ( IT TO %R$S4 

,& AT ! 5D ( ALL ! PI\SLY VEIL$ HOLOCAU/S1 A ,FRANKI% ,BALDWION 9/ALLS HIMSELF AS ! M]*ANT K+ ( ,LEVANT9E ,$ESSA1 A ,NORMAN ,BOHEMOND AS ! M]*ANT ( ,LEVANT9E ,ANTIO*1 A ?IRD PI\S ,CA?OLIC AS ,K+ ( ,J]USALEM4 ,9/EAD ( CA/+ FIRE UPON ! ,LEVIA?ANIZ$ WORLD1 !Y'VE ?RU/ SPE>S & DAGG]S 9TO ITS LIV+ 9HABITANTS4 ,!N !Y PROCE$ TO EXPROPRIATE ! DEAD1 DONN+ !IR CLO!S AS WELL AS !IR ROLES4 ,FRANKS & ,NORMANS >E N[ AT ! ,M$IT]RANEAN S\RCE ( ! EA/]N CLO?S & SPICES4 ,!Y RUN M]CANTILE H\SES ?AT SUPPLY ,V5ETIAN %IPS4 ,!IR SONS M>RY ,MUSLIM WOM5 & PRAISE ,ALLAH FIVE TIMES A DAY1 = HIS 9F9ITE ,M]CY4  
  

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,! WE/]N K9 ( ! ,LEVANT9E ,NOR?M5 REMA9 COMMITT$ TO ,OPTIMUS ,MAXIMUS1 ! GOD ( CRUSAD+ LEGIONS1 & TO ,LUGALZAGGIZI1 ! PATRON ( AGGRESSIVE ,LEVIA?ANS4 ,) ! T[NS1 COMM]CIAL NETWORKS & C5TRALIZ$ POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS ?RU/ UPON !M BY ,MUSLIMS1 ,VIK+S & ,SLAVS1 ! ,WE/]N]S >E HA/ILY >MOR+ !MSELVES ) EV]Y ,LEVIA?ANIC TRAIT ACCESSIBLE TO !M4 ,LOCAL M]*ANTS 9 EV]Y QU>T] SUPPLEM5T & !N REPLACE ,JEWS AS WELL AS ,NORMANS4 ,NUM]\S CITIES CIRCUMV5T ! MONOPOLI/S ( ,V5ICE & GR[ WEAL?Y BY PROVISION+ ! OV]SEAS ,CRUSAD]S & RETURN+ ) ,LEVANT9E SPICES & SILV]4 ,CRUSAD]S RETURN FROM !IR PLUND] ( ,BYZANTIUM ) KIDNAPP$ WEAV]S & LAUN* LITTLE CLO?-PRODUC+ ,LEVANTS 9 ! HE>T ( ,GAUL & ,ITALY4 

,SOON S]FS :O FLEE FROM MANORS 9 SE>* ( ! FREE AIR ( COMM]CE F9D ONLY ! CON/RA9T ( WAGE LABOR 9 CLO?-PRODUC+ CITIES LIKE ,FLOR5CE1 ,<5T & ,BRUGES4 ,HAV+ BURN$ !IR BRIDGES1 ! =M] S]FS HAVE LITTLE ALT]NATIVE BUT TO ACCEPT :AT !Y F9D4 

,S]FS CANNOT SAFELY LEAVE !IR MANORS1 BUT MANY O!R ASPECTS ( !IR HUMANITY HAVE NOT YET BE5 EXPROPRIAT$4 ,! ACTIVITY1 ! ANIMALS AS WELL AS ! CROPS >E !IRS1 & !Y PROVISION ! ,LORD ON T]MS SET NOT BY =CE OR BY M>KETS BUT BY CU/OM4 

,?IS N[ COMES TO AN 5D4 ,! ,LORD />TS TO 9FR+E ON CU/OM1 HE DEM&S GREAT] DUES & HIS DEM&S GR[ EXORBITANT4 

,! ,LORD N[ SELLS HIS EXCESS GRA9 TO M]*ANTS = MONEY1 BECAUSE HE NE$S ! MONEY TO BUY T[N LUXURIES-& ALSO TO BUY NECESSITIES4 ,HE EV5 BUYS CLO? N[1 BECAUSE ! CLO? PRODUC$ BY ! URBANIZ$ WEAV]S IS *EAP] & (T5 BETT] ?AN ! CLO? PRODUC$ BY S]FS4 

,! CONC5TRAT$ URBAN WEAV]S >E NO LONG] S]FS4 ,!Y'RE ZEKS1 LABOR-CAMP 9MATES1 9/RUM5TS4 ,NEI!R !IR ACTIVITY NOR !IR PRODUCT IS !IR [N4 

,!ORETICIANS ( PROGRESS WILL EXPLA9 ! ,BE=E & ,AFT] BY DESCRIB+ A 0DEVELOPM5T0 ( COTTAGE WEAV]S 9TO 9DU/RIAL WEAV]S4 ,! !ORETICIANS CAN DO ?IS BECAUSE1 ONCE COMM]CE RULES1 M]*ANTS WILL GET !IR CLO? 9 EV]Y WAY POSSIBLE1 & ANY ( ! MORE MODE/ WAYS CAN BE CALL$ TRANSITIONAL TO ! GR&]4 ,BUT ! FACT ?AT ,FLOR5CE1 ,BRUGES & ,<5T >E 9DU/RIAL T[NS1 NAMELY CITIES ) LABOR CAMPS1 ALREADY ?REE G5]ATIONS BE=E ,MONGOLS DISABLE ! ,LEVANT9E P>5TS ( !SE T[NS4 ,:AT HAPP5S LAT] IS ?AT ! CAMPS SPREAD1 !Y SUPPLANT O!R =MS ( CLO? PRODUCTION4 

,! ACTIVITY ( ! ,BUR<]S PRESSURES ! PR\D ,LORD 9TO BECOM+ AN ECONOMIC CALCULATOR HIMSELF4 HE N[ WEI<S CLO? AGA9/ GRA9 BE=E HE COMMISSIONS HIS S]FS TO WEAVE1 & IF HE GOES TO T[N = HIS CLO?1 HE NE$S MONEY4 ,TO GET ! MONEY1 HE NE$S MORE PRODUCTS FROM HIS S]FS4 ,HE APPO9TS A ,MAIRE1 ,BAYLE OR ,BAU]MEI/] TO SUP]VISE ! WORK ( ! S]FS1 & FREQU5TLY ! ,KNI<TLY ,LORD1 AL?\< USUALLY ! SUP]VISOR1 ACQUIRES AN UNPREC$5T$ 9T]E/ 9 AGRICULTURAL TE*NOLOGY4 

,! ,KNI<T1 A HORSE CONNOISSEUR1 N[ DISCOV]S ?AT HORSES >E FA/] DRAFT ANIMALS ?AN OX54 ,HE OR HIS =EMAN MAKES SURE ! PEASANTS USE %\LD]-H>NESSES TO GET ! HORSE TO H>R[ & TILL4 

,& ! ,KNI<T />TS ASK+ AB\T WAT] MILLS1 :I* >E TAK5 = GRANT$ 9 ,ISLAMIC ,MESOPOTAMIA BUT :I* W\LD HAVE >\S$ ONLY ! ,KNI<T'S YAWNS E>LI]4 

,JU/ AS SUDD5LY1 & PRECISELY AT ! TIME :5 ,MONGOL RAID]S BEG9 TO CLOSE (F ! ,KIEV R\TE ALONG :I* ,VIK+S C>RI$ SLAVES TO ,ISLAM & SILV] TO ! ,WE/1 =M] ,FRANKS OP5 SILV] M9ES 9 ! ,H]Z ,M\NTA9S & ! ,ALPS4 ,! SILV] HAS BE5 9 ! M\NTA9S ALL ALONG1 BUT ,FRANKS :O DIDN'T USE MONEY W\LD HAVE ABHORR$ ! ?\<T ( BURR[+ 9TO CAVES = IT4 

,! SO-CALL$ PRODUCTIVE =CES DO NOT GIVE RISE TO ,LEVIA?ANIC SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE ANY MORE ?AN ELSE:]E4 ,! TE*NOLOGY IS NO?+ BUT ! ,LEVIA?AN'S >MORY1 & BO? >RIVE 9 ! ,WE/ TOGE!R4 ,! FANGS & CLAWS ORIG9ATE 9 ,*9A1 ,P]SIA1 ,>ABIA & ELSE:]E2 !Y COME TO ! ,WE/ FROM ,ISLAM1 DIRECTLY OR BY WAY ( ,VIK+ C>RI]S4 ,! VAUNT$ TE*NOLOGICAL +5UITY ( ! ,BUR<]S WILL BE ANO!R ,WE/]N LIE4 ,! PURPOSE ( ?IS LIE WILL NOT BE PRIM>ILY TO MAKE PEOPLE PR\D ( ! ,WE/1 BUT TO MAKE ZEKS PR\D ( ! CLAWS & FANGS ?AT R$UCE !M TO ZEKS4  
  

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,SOME?+ ELSE N[ BEG9S 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 SOME?+ WE WILL CALL 0POPULATION GR[?03 A /EADY 9CREASE 9 HUMAN NUMB]S AS CONT9U\S & P]SI/5T AS ! ,LEVIA?AN ITSELF4 ,?IS PH5OM5ON SEEMS TO EXI/ ONLY AMONG ,LEVIA?ANIZ$ HUMAN BE+S4 ,ANIMALS AS WELL AS HUMAN COMMUNITIES 9 ! /ATE ( NATURE DO NOT PROLIF]ATE !IR [N K9D TO ! PO9T ( PU%+ ALL O!RS (F ! FIELD4 

,WE DON'T KN[ H[ ANIMALS1 WOLVES = EXAMPLE1 LIMIT !IR NUMB]S1 BUT WE KN[ ?AT !Y DO4 ,WE ALSO KN[ ?AT SOME ANIMALS1 = EXAMPLE LOCU/S1 DO NOT DO ?IS V]Y WELL4 ,BUT LOCU/S P]IODICALLY 5D UP PU%+ !MSELVES (F ! FIELD1 SO ?AT NOT EV5 LOCU/S EXP]I5CE ONGO+ POPULATION GR[?4 

,( HUMAN COMMUNITIES WE KN[1 FROM !IR MY?OLOGIES1 ?AT !Y EXI/ 9 A COSMIC CONTEXT :]E EV]Y LIV+ BE+ & EV]Y MEMB] ( ! COMMUNITY HAS A SPECIAL MEAN+4 ,SU* COMMUNITIES REPRODUCE !IR P>T ( ! MEAN+FUL CONTEXT1 JU/ AS ,E>? REPRODUCES !IR P>T ( ! O!R V>I$ P>TS4 ,!Y V5TURE 9TO MEAN+LESSNESS ONLY :5 !Y >E DISRUPT$ OR ?REAT5$ ) EXT9CTION1 & EV5 !N !Y DO NOT AUTOMATICALLY HAVE REC\RSE TO 0POPULATION GR[?40 

,! ZEKS ( ! 9CREAS+LY ,LEVIA?ANIZ$ ,WE/1 BO? URBAN & RURAL1 NO LONG] EXI/ 9 A CONTEXT4 ,MY?OLOGIES ?AT FILL$ !M ) MEAN+ >E BEYOND MEMORY'S REA*4 

,! 9CREAS+LY NUM]\S URBAN ZEKS CONC5TRAT$ 9 FACTORIES >E1 9 FACT1 DESPOIL$ ( EV]Y LA/ TRACE ( COMMUNITY1 & 9 ?IS S5SE !Y >E MORE LIKE DOME/ICAT$ CATTLE OR %EEP ?AN LIKE HUMAN BE+S 9 ! /ATE ( NATURE4 ,ZEKS DO NOT REPRODUCE A MEAN+FUL CONTEXT4 ,!Y SIMPLY REPRODUCE4 ,NO P>T ( ! CONTEXT IS UP TO !M1 BECAUSE !Y >E P>T ( NO NATURAL CONTEXT4 ,SO-CALL$ WORK+ COMMUNITIES1 NAMELY LABOR GANGS1 >E AS >TIFICIAL AS ! ,LEVIA?AN4 ,!Y >E1 9 FACT1 ! ,LEVIA?AN'S SPR+S & :EELS1 ITS 5TRAILS1 9 ! ,CRUSAD+ ,WE/ AS 9 ! FIR/ ,SUM]IAN ,UR4 ,! CONC5TRAT$ WEAV]S >E ! FIR/ ZEKS 9 ,EUROPE S9CE ! DEMISE ( ! ,ROMAN ,LEVIA?AN4 

,S]FS >E NEV]!LESS FLEE+ FROM MANORS 9 ORD] TO BREA! ! FREE AIR ( T[N ZEKS BECAUSE ! S]FS !MSELVES >E BE+ R$UC$ TO AGRICULTURAL ZEKS4 ,LAT] WOR%IP]S ( A SON ( ,OPTIMUS ,MAXIMUS CALL$ ,PROGRESS WILL DELIB]ATELY OBSCURE ! DESPOLIATION ( PLANT]S & CULTIVATORS2 !Y WILL DESCRIBE A /EADY ASC5T FROM A HELLI% ,D>K ,AGE TO AN ELECTRICALLY ILLUM9AT$ ,HEAV54 

,WE WILL HAVE TO BURR[ ?R\< LIBR>IES ( LIES TO LE>N ?AT ! CULTIVATORS MAIM$ BY ,ROMAN ,CIVILIZATION RECON/ITUT$ SOME =M ( COMMUNITY AFT] ! ,LEVIA?AN'S DEMISE4 ,>MOR$ ,FRANKI% ,KNI<TS ) !IR NETWORKS ( VASSALS & !IR CODE ( M>TIAL HONOR S]I\SLY 9FR+$ ON ! 9TEGRITY & FRE$OM ( ! COMMUNITIES ( CULTIVATORS1 BUT ! ,KNI<T'S COAT ( MAIL & TREE-L5G? SPE> W]E ILL-ADAPT$ TO S]I\S ,LEVIA?ANIC V5TURES4 ,! ,KNI<TLY DOMA9 WAS A COH]5T ,LEVIA?AN ONLY 9 ! DREAMS ( ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*M54 ,PROGRESS-WOR%IP]S WILL CALL ! P]IOD A ,D>K ,AGE PRECISELY BECAUSE IT LACK$ ANY COH]5T ,HIS-/ORY1 ANY ,LEVIA?ANIC DEVELOPM5T4 ,AFT] ! ,KNI<TS' 9ITIAL DISRUPTION ( ! AGR>IAN COMMUNITIES1 MANORIAL RELATIONS & DUES W]E REGULAT$ BY ,CU/OM1 :I* MEANS ?AT !Y REMA9$ :AT !Y W]E FROM ONE G5]ATION TO ! NEXT4 

,! AGR>IAN COMMUNITIES >E NOT ONLY DISRUPT$1 !Y >E DE/ROY$ BEYOND REPAIR1 :5 ,CU/OM IS REPLAC$ BY ,M>KET & ,=CE4 ,! CULTIVATORS SUDD5LY LOSE !IR WORLD4 ,! L&1 :I* HAD ALWAYS BE5 COMMON TO ALL LIV+ BE+S1 IS N[ 9VAD$ BY =EM5 & LABOR GANGS 9T5T ON MAK+ ,E>T PRODUCE = ! T[N M>KET4 ,! =E/S :I* PROVID$ GAME & TIMB] AS WELL AS =AGE = DOME/ICAT$ ANIMALS >E SUDD5LY AS \T ( B\NDS TO S]FS AS ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE WAS TO NOR!RN]S4 ,ALL ( ,E>?'S FREE GIFTS />T TO BE CALL$ 0WA/E10 & ! OPPOSITE ( 0WA/E0 IS ! DESPOLIATION ( ,E>?1 ANIMALS & PEOPLE = ! SAKE ( PRODUCTS SALABLE 9 T[N M>KETS4 

,& ! ,*UR* IS AT ! =EFRONT ( ALL ?IS *ANGE4 ,! ,*UR* IS ! R\< BEA/ :I*1 ITS H\R COME R\ND1 SL\*$ T[>D ,BE?LEHEM TO BE BORN1 & ITS H\R COME R\ND AGA9 A MILL5IUM LAT]1 TO BE REBORN4 ,! ,*UR* WILL LAT] BE CALL$ AN 5EMY ( ,PROGRESS & A P>TISAN ( 0NATURAL ECONOMY40 ,! ,*UR* WILL ALWAYS PRES5T ITSELF AS SOME?+ IT IS NOT1 & SOME WILL ALWAYS BELIEVE ITS CLAIMS4 

,! ,CRUSAD+ ,*UR* IS ! GREATE/ S+LE M]*ANT ( ,EUROPE4 ,ITS PRELATES >E EXP]I5C$ OPPORTUNI/S4 ,ITS ,OPTIMUS ,MAXIMUS IS ! FA!R ( ,PROGRESS & ITS ,LUGALZAGGIZI IS ! GODFA!R4 ,OPTIMUS'S ANTIPA?Y TO ! TRADE ( O!RS1 & ,LUGALZAGGIZI'S CALL = DOM9ION OV] FI%1 PLANTS & ANIMALS IS AN ANCI5T 9VATION TO TRANS=M ALL ( ,E>?'S =MS ( LIFE 9TO COMMODITIES4 ,9 ! V]NASCUL> LANGUAGES COM+ 9TO DAILY USE1 ,OPTIMUS ,MAXIMUS TRANSLATES AS OPTIMAL PRODUCTION = MAXIMUM PR(ITS4 

,PI\S ,CI/]IAN MONKS >E AMONG ! FIR/ ,CA?OLICS TO LEAP HEAD-FIR/ 9TO COMM]CIAL1 PR(IT-ORI5T$ AGRICULTURE4 ,! ,CI/]IAN V5TURES >E ,AGRO-,BUS9ESS FROM ! V]Y />T2 !Y >E NOT 0NATURAL ECONOMIES0 ?AT 0DEVELOP0 9TO COMM]CIAL V5TURES BECAUSE ( SOME 9N] DYNAMIC OR DIALECTIC4 ,! ,CI/]IAN BUS9ESSMONKS CONSOLIDAT$ SCATT]$ F>MS1 C5TRALIZE MANAG]IAL FUNCTIONS1 HIRE :AT !Y CALL 0LAY BRO!RS10 NAMELY PAID AGRICULTURAL LABOR]S1 >MIES ( !M4 ,! MONKS DRIVE 9DEP5D5T PEASANTS (F ! L&1 & !Y SELL !IR PRODUCTS AT T[N M>KETS4 

,! ,POPE TAKES ! V]Y (FICES ( HIS ,*UR* TO M>KET4 ,HIS /OCK ( RELICS IS A BAZA> 9 NO WAY 9F]IOR TO ,BA<DAD'S OR ,CAIRO'S1 & HE EV5 TRAFFICS 9 9TANGIBLES SU* AS ABSOLUTIONS OR P>DONS OV] :I* HE HOLDS AN ABSOLUTE & UN*ALL5G$ MONOPOLY4 ,! ,*UR* VEILS ! RAPACITY ) ! ROBES ( SA9TS & APO/LES :ILE RU%+ TO /UFF ! ,PONTIFEX 9TO ! NEW ,LEVIA?AN'S HEAD2 ONLY AFT] IT FAILS TO MAKE HIM ! NEW BEA/'S ,VIC> WILL ! ,*UR* BECOME PI\SLY MORAL4  
  

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,! ,CRUSAD+ ,WE/IS ALREADY ANN\NC+ :AT IT WILL BECOME4 ,A LITTLE MORE LUBRICATION WILL MAKE IT ! MO/ =MIDDABLE WORLDEAT] EV] TO EM]GE \T ( ,SPIRITUS ,MUNDI4 

,EUROPE'S S\!RN CITY-/ATES & NOR!RN NATION-/ATES >E ALL RU%+ TO =M T5TACLES AS LONG AS ,ISLAM'S1 & SUCCESSORS TO ! PO/ ( ,HOLY ,ROMAN ,EMP]OR >E TRY+ TO EMBRACE ALL ! 9DEP5D5T EMIRATES )9 A UNIFI$ CALIPHATE4 

,! ,EMP]OR IS NO LONG] ! ,POPE'S ANO9T$1 NOT S9CE ! ,POPE'S ALLIANCE ) ,NORMANS & ,MUSLIMS4 ,! CONFLICT BETWE5 ,POPE & ,EMP]OR IS NOT OV] ! REALM'S ,ISLAMIZATION1 BUT OV] :O %ALL RULE ! REALM4 ,FROM ,B>B>OSSA ON1 ! ,EMP]OR WANTS TO R$UCE ! ,*UR* TO ! ,EMPIRE'S CL]ICAL /AFF1 APPO9T$ BY ! ,EMP]OR & AT HIS BECK & CALL4 ,! ,EMP]OR DEF5DS OLD PR9CIPLES & ANTIPA?IES NO MORE ?AN ! ,POPE4 ,9 FACT1 DUR+ ! ,CRUSADES AGA9/ ,ISLAM1 ,EMP]OR ,FR$]ICK ! ,SECOND RECRUITS ,SICILIAN ,MUSLIMS = HIS W> AGA9/ ! ,POPE4 ,! NEW ,HOLY ,EMP]ORS >E SUCCESSORS TO ,*>LEMAGNE'S ,FRANKS ONLY 9 !IR DEVOTION TO VIOL5CE & !IR GRE$ = BOOTY 9 ! =M ( L&4 

,! ,ISLAMIZATION ( ! ,WE/ IS NEV]!LESS COMPLETE4 ,! ,WE/]N]S DO NOT B[ TO ! M]CIFUL ,ALLAH1 :O HAS SOME BUT NOT ALL ! ATTRIBUTES ( ,OPTIMUS & ,LUGALZAGGIZI4 ,! ,WE/]N]S DO SOME?+ ,MUHAAMMAD 5JO9$ HIS FOLL[]S NO TO DO4 ,!Y B[ TO A /ONE4 ,!Y WOR%IP ,OPTIMUS 9 ! =M ( ,MUSLIM SILV]1 & >E ALREADY WOR%IPP9 ,HIM 9 ! =M ( ,ALP9E & ,H]Z ,M\NTA9 SILV]4 ,! SILV] IS P>T ( ,E>?'S SKELETON1 BUT G\G$ \T ( H] BODY IT IS A DEAD ?+4 ,?IS DEAD ?+ IS :AT 5JO9S ITS WOR%IP]S TO HAVE DOM9ION OV] ! FLI]S1 WALK]S1 & CRAWL]S1 & ALSO OV] ! ,BIOSPH]E1 OV] ,E>? H]SELF4 

,PHO5ICIANS1 ,GREEKS & ,>ABS ALREADY DESPOIL$ ,E>?'S LIFE-TEEM+ SURFACE1 BUT !Y DID SO ) SOME?+ ( A BAD CONSCI5CE4 ,!IR ,BAAL1 ,H]A & ,ALLAH RETA9$ SOME POORLY-REMEMB]$ CONNECTION ) ,E>?4 

,*RI/IANS PLUND] ) A GODD CONSCI5CE4 ,!IR PLUND] IS NOT (F5SIVE TO !IR GOD4 ,IT IS 9 FACT ! ,DOM9ION HE CALLS =4 

,& ,*RI/IAN M]*ANTS ADD A NEW DIM5SION TO !IR PLUND]3 !Y SPIRITUALIZE OR LIQUEFY ! L& ITSELF4 ,CA?OLIC ,KNI<TS HAD ALREADY TREAT$ ! L& AS W> BOOTY4 ,CA?OLIC ,BUR<]S GO A /EP FUR!R2 !Y TREAT ! L& AS A COMMODITY4 ,! ,FRANKI% LU/ = L& IS DEMOCRATIZ$4 ,A SUM ( SILV] CO9S IS N[ EQUIVAL5T TO A P>CEL ( L&4 ,! M]*ANT'S MONEY IS HIS LIQUID ASSETS2 :5 HE PUR*ASES AN E/ATE HE CAN SIT ON HIS REAL ASSETS4 

,MANORS />T TO LIQUEFY UND] ! FEET ( ,LORDS :O FAIL$ TO SEE ! SIGNS ( ! TIMES1 & EV5 ! NAMES ( ,KNI<TS BEG9 TO LIQUEFY & FL[ T[>D ! H\SEHOLDS ( MONEY$ ,BUR<]S4 

,! :OLE WORLD IS BE+ LIQUEFI$1 R$UC$ TO ,VALUE1 :OSE SOLID EQUIVAL5T IS ,SILV]4 ,! ,BUR<]'S HEIRS WILL TRY TO LIQUEFY ,E>? IRREV]SIBLY BY R$UC+ H] TO ! ,VALUE EMBODI$ 9 ANO!R /ONE1 A /ONE ?AT FISSIONS1 URANIUM4  
  

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,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aihb 3 ,*APT] #af -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,OCTOB] #h1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #af -- ,ADD$4 

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