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#aihcaihc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,TO GET SOME?+ ( AN OV]VIEW ( :AT ,TURN] CALLS 0,! ,WE/]N ,SPIRIT10 ,I HAVE TO GO BACK TO ! DAYS :5 /RONGMAN ,CON/ANT9E TRANSF]S ! ,ROMAN CAPITAL TO ,BYZANTIUM4 

,! TRANSF] DOES NOT GO OV] WELL 9 ,ROME4 ,! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE MAY HAVE BE5 AN ABOM9ATION 9 ! EYES ( ,*RI/1 BUT ,ROME IS DET]M9$ TO REMA9 ! ABOM9ATION'S CAPITAL1 EV5 IF IT HAS TO LIE4 

,PREV>ICATION BECOMES ! ,WE/'S MAJOR >T4 ,FROM ! DAY :5 A ,*UR* (FICIAL NAMES HIMSELF ! ,VIC> ( ,*RI/ & A ,GO? P>ADES HIS PUPPET AS ,EMP]OR ( ,ROME TO ! DAY :5 ! BIGGE/ EMPIRE ( ZEKS 9 ,LEVIA?AN'S 5TIRE ,HIS-/ORY WILL SPEAK ( ITSELF AS ,! ,FREE ,WORLD1 EV]Y?+ 9 ! ,WE/ IS A LIE4 

,LY+ BECOMES NECESS>Y & !N COMPULSIVE BECAUSE ! PEOPLE :O FALL HEIR TO ! RUBBLE ( ! WE/]NMO/ $GE ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE >E SO DEHUMANIZ$ BY !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ !IR ADV]S>Y ?AT !Y =GET NOT ONLY !IR 9ITIAL 9T5TIONS BUT ALSO !IR V]Y ORIG9S & ID5TITY4 ,ALL ?AT REMA9S ( !IR =M] SELVES IS ! VIOL5CE ( !IR /RUGGLE TO PRES]VE !MSELVES1 & %E] VIOL5CE CANNOT VIEW ITSELF 9 A GLASS2 IT MU/ PREV>ICATE2 IT MU/ COV] ITSELF ) MASKS & !N ) MORE MASKS OV] ! 9ITIAL MASKS1 BECAUSE ! VIOL5CE KEEPS %[+ ?R\<4 

,TURN]'S SUBTITLE IS F> TOO POLITE4 ,! ,WE/]N ,SPIRIT IS NO ONLY AGA9/ ,WILD]NESS2 IT IS AGA9/ NATURE AS WELL AS HUMANITY1 AGA9/ TRU? AS WELL AS BEAUTY4 ,! ,WE/]N ,SPIRIT IS ADEPT AT PUTT+ EXCEPTIONS 9 %[CASES2 9 REAL LIFE IT REPRESSES ! EXCEPTIONS4 

,! /ORY ( ! ,WE/]N ,SPIRIT ACTUALLY BEG9S LONG BE=E ,CON/ANT9E TRANSF]S ! CAPITAL TO ,GREECE-AT LEA/ TW5TY OR TW5TY-FIVE G5]ATIONS BE=E4 ,IT BEG9S :5 ! ,ROMAN ,RES ,PUBLICA1 FLU%$ ) ITS VICTORY OV] ,ETRUSCANS1 DEFEATS & !N SUBJUGATES ,GAULS OR ,CELTS1 5SLAVES !M1 TURNS !M 9TO ZEKS1 & !N WALLS !M 94 ,9 ! LONG P59SULA KN[N AS ,GAUL & LAT] AS ,FRANCE & ,SPA91 ! REPUBLICAN ,ROMANS =CE ,CELTS1 ,IB]IANS & ! ,IB]IAN ,PHO5ICIANS 9TO GOLD & SILV] M9ES1 PLUND] !IR CROPS1 *EAT !M1 & SLAU<T] ALL :O PROTE/4 

,PEOPLE TO ! NOR? ( ,GAUL1 FREE PEOPLE :O HAD GONE :]E PLEAS$ :5 !Y PLEAS$1 PAUSE BE=E !Y 5T] ,ROMAN ,GAUL1 = !Y 5T] AT ! RISK ( !IR LIVES4 ,:5 !Y RETURN TO ,GAUL 9 A DIFF]5T SEASON1 !N F9D ?AT A YET L>G] PORTION ( ! WORLD'S L& HAS TURN$ LE?AL TO FRE$OM & LIFE4 ,IT IS AS IF ! KN[N WORLD W]E S9K+ 9TO ! SEA4 

,! LOSS IS TRAGIC4 ,WE WELL BE ABLE TO IMAG9E H[ ?OSE NOR!RN]S FELT AB\T ! W>M? & BEAUTY ( ! ,M$IT]RANEAN'S %ORES BECAUSE WE WILL KN[ H[ LAT] NOR!RN]S WILL FEEL4 

,SOME FEW PEOPLE MAY BE 9HOSPITABLE & W>LIKE1 BUT NO PEOPLE CAN MAKE A PORTION ( ! WORLD (F LIMITS TO A S+LE BIRD1 ANIMAL OR P]SON4 ,! V]Y NOTION IS REPUGNANT TO FREE PEOPLE4 ,NOT EV5 GODS HAVE ! P[] TO KEEP PEOPLE FROM GO+ :]E !Y PLEASE4 

,! NOR!RN]S 5RAGE ! ,ROMAN BORD] GU>DS 9 SKIRMI%ES1 BUT ! NOR!RN]S 9V>IABLY LOSE2 !Y >E MASSACR$4 ,?OSE ,ROMAN FI<T LIKE UNREAL ?+S2 !Y WALK DIRECTLY 9TO AMBU%ES2 !Y DON'T FLEE EV5 :5 HALF !IR [N M5 FALL2 !Y JU/ KEEP ON ADVANC+ & KILL+2 !RE FE> ON ! FACES ( 9DIVIDUAL M5 BUT ! COLUMN HAS NO FE>2 IT ISN'T HUMAN4 

,WE WILL KN[ ABSOLUTELY NO?+ AB\T ?IS P>T ( ! /ORY BECAUSE ! PEOPLE :O LIVE IT TAKE !IR KN[L$GE TO !IR GRAVES4 ,BUT IT DOES NOT TAKE MU* IMAG9ATION TO SUPPOSE ?AT BE=E LONG MO/ NOR!RN]S KN[ ?AT ! WORLD'S S\? IS (F LIMITS TO !M1 ?AT HALF ! WORLD IS OCCUPI$ BY SOME?+ MURD]\S & 9HUMAN4 

,WE WILL KN[ FROM ,ROMAN WRIT]S ?AT ! SKIRMI%ES BECOME MORE FREQU5T1 ?AT SEV]AL F$]AT$ B&S GANG UP AGA9/ ,ROMAN /RON<OLDS4 ,:5 ,FRANKS >E FIR/ M5TION$ BY NAME1 !Y >RIVE ) ,TURKIC-SPEAK+ ,ALANS :O ORIG9ATE NE> ,*9A4 ,! TWO GR\PS MAY NOT KN[ EA* O!R'S LANGUAGE1 BUT !Y UND]/& EA* O!R P]FECTLY4 ,!Y UND]/& ?AT ! 5TIRE L[] HALF ( ! WORLD IS OCCUPI$ BY SOME?+ VIOL5T BEYOND DESCRIPTION2 !Y UND]/& ?AT IF ?AT ?+ CONT9UES TO SPREAD1 IT MEANS ! 5D ( FRE$OM & ! 5D ( LIFE4 

,WE'VE SE5 H[ ,ROME RESPONDS TO ! ATTACKS3 BY G5OCIDAL MASSACRES1 BY SLAU<T]+ EV]Y MEMB] ( A HO/ILE B&4 

,A TW5TY YE> W> IS T]RIBLY LONG4 ,A W> ?AT LA/S TW5TY G5]ATIONS IS BEYOND ! IMAG9ATION'S GRASP4 ,! WEA!R 9 ,SUM] IS B5EVOL5T COMP>$ TO SU* AN ORDEAL4 

,BY ! TIME ! NOR!RN ,FRANKS1 ,O/ROGO?S1 ,VISIGO?S1 ,BURGUNDIANS & O!RS AT LA/ SUCCE$ 9 BREA*+ ,ROME'S FRONTI]S1 !Y FI<T LIKE UNREAL ?+S2 !Y WALK DIRECTLY 9TO AMBU%ES & WON'T FLEE :5 !IR M5 FALL2 !Y KEEP ON ADVANC+ & KILL+4 ,!Y /ILL REMEMB] !MSELVES AS FREE HUMAN BE+S -- ,FRANK MEANS FREE -- BUT ALL !Y REMEMB] ( !IR FRE$OM IS ! FRE$OM TO KILL ,ROMANS & ! DESIRE TO DE/ROY ,ROME4 

,BY ! TIME ! ,EMP]ORS SCRIBE WRITES ?AT ,FRANKS HAVE BE5 P]MITT$ TO SETTLE 9 ONE P>T ( ,GAUL1 ,BURGUNDIANS 9 A SECOND & ,VISIGO?S 9 A ?IRD1 ! SCRIBE IS 9 ! ,EMP]OR'S PALACE 9 ,BYZANTIUM1 ! ,EMP]OR'S [N >MY CONSI/S ( ,GO?S1 ,HUNS1 ,ALANS & ,>ABS1 & ! P]MISSION IS A LIE :I* ! SCRIBE MAY WELL BELIEVE1 BECAUSE HE CANNOT BELIEVE ?AT ! WE/]NMO/ P>T ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE HAS COMPLETELY DECOMPOS$4 ,LAT] WRIT]S WILL NOT BELIEVE ?IS EI!R1 & !Y WILL COV] IT UP BY LI/+ ! V>I\S RUL]S ( ! 0,WE/]N ,EMPIRE' -- BUT !Y WILL LI/ A DIFF]5T RUL] = EV]Y YE>1 & SEV]AL RUL]S = SOME YE>S4 

,! ,FRANKS1 ,BURGUNDIANS & ,VISIGO?S NO LONG] NE$ ANYONE'S P]MISSION3 !Y N[ CONFRONT ONLY EA* O!R4 ,BUT !Y CAN'T BELIEVE ?IS EI!R4 ,SOME?+ !Y F\<T SO FI]CELY = SO LONG CANNOT SUDD5LY BE GONE4 ,A ,FRANKI% /RONGMAN CALLS HIS PUPPET EMP]OR ( ,ROME1 & ! ,GO?S GO ON W>R+ AGA9/ ,ROME UNTIL !Y SET UP !IR PUPPET AS ,EMP]OR4 ,EV]Y LIE IS A PRETEXT = R5EW$ VIOL5CE1 & ,ROME'S MA9 ACTIVITY1 HUMAN SACRIFICE1 BECOMES ! MA9 ACTIVITY ( ?OSE :O HAVE RU9$ ,ROME4 

,! LIES BECOME BIZ>RE :5 A ,*UR* (FICIAL 9 ! CITY ?AT IS NO LONG] ! ,EMPIRE'S CAPITAL /EPS 9TO ! PICTURE4 ,?IS (FICIAL UND\BT$LY SEE!S ) FRU/RATION4 ,HE SP5T MORE ?AN HALF HIS LIFE CLIMB+ TO HIS PO/1 & N[ F9DS HIMSELF SURR\ND$ BY ,FRANKS & ,GO?S 9 ! CAPITAL ( A PROV9CE :I*1 GOD =BID6 IS NO LONG] 9 ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE6 

,?IS ,*RI/IAN DECL>ES HIMSELF ,POTIFEX ,MAXIMUS1 A TITLE V5]ABLE 9 ,PAGAN ,ROME & ATTA*$ TO EV]Y ,PAGAN EMP]OR S9CE ,AUGU/US1 BUT A TITLE H>DLY APPROPRIATE = A ,*RI/IAN4 ,! (FICIAL !N PROCLAIMS ?AT HE'S A DESC5DANT ( ! APO/LE ,PET]1 & EV5 ?AT HE'S ,PET] 9 P]SON4 ,>BOGA/1 ! ,FRANKI% /RONGMAN1 IS /ILL LI/5+1 SO ! (FICIAL RAISES HIMSELF YET HI<]4 ,AS ,PONTIFEX & ,PET] 9 ,P]SON1 HE IS MORE ?AN A M]E APO/LE2 HE IS ! ,VIC> ( ,*RI/4 ,& AS ,*RI/'S ,VIC> HE IS HI<] ?AN ! ,EMP]OR2 HE'S SUPREME2 HE'S ,OPTIMUS ,MAXIMUS4 

,! (FICIAL CAN SAY ANY?+ AT ALL1 BECAUSE ,>BOGA/ ! ,FRANK KN[S ! SIMPLE MAN IS A CRUDE LI> & ,>BOGA/ DOESN'T C>E :AT ! MAN CALLS HIMSELF4 ,:AT 9T]E/S ! ,FRANK IS ! 9=MATION NONE WILL /OP ,>BOGA/ & HIS ,FREE ,M5 FROM RAP+ ! REMA9+ ,VE/AL ,VIRG9S & PLUND]+ :AT'S LEFT 9 ! PALACES ( ,AUGURS1 PAGAN ,PONTIFFS & ,SYB9LL9ES4 ,! ,FRANKS CAN CONT9UE !IR W> ON 0,ROME0 ) IMPUNITY3 ,*UR* (FICIALS & ,BYZANT9E SOLDI]S WILL CONSID] ,FRANKS :O COMMIT SU* DE$S HOLY & PI\S4 

,) ! SANCTION ( ! SELF-/YL$ ,VIC> ( ,*RI/1 ,>BOGA/ & HIS B& ( ,FREE KILL]S PROCE$ TO RAPE1 PILLAGE1 MURD] & EXPROPRIATE PEOPLE :O CONSID] ! ,PONTIFEX ,MAXIMUS A LAU<+/OCK4 ,\R NAME = SU* AN \TRAGE WILL BE 0,POGROM40 ,! SCRIBES ( ! ,PONTIFEX NAME IT 0,! CONV]SION ( ,ROME'S 9HABITANTS TO ,*RI/IANITY40 

,DRIPP+ ) BLOOD & BURD5$ ) LOOT1 ,>BOGA/'S ,FRANKS GO ON TO CLAIM !IR PRIZE4 ,!Y 5T] ,GAUL1 !Y M>* 9TO ! ,P>ADISE ?AT WAS (F LIMITS TO TW5TY G5]ATIONS ( !IR ANCE/ORS4 ,BUT !Y DON'T 5T] TO 5JOY ! W>M? OR ! BEAUTY ( ! ,M$IT]RANEAN L&S4 ,!Y 5T] TO RAPE1 PILLAGE & EXPROPRIATE4 ,?IS IS ALL !Y KN[ H[ TO DO2 IT HAS BE5 ALL !Y'VE KN[N = G5]ATIONS4 

,9 ,GAUL ! VICTIMS >E ALREADY ,*RI/IANS1 BUT ! AG5T ( ,PONTIFEX :O ACCOMPANIES ! ,FRANKS DOESN'T BL9K AN EYE4 ,! VICTIMS W]E CONV]T$ BY ,>IUS1 & ,>IUS WAS A H]ETIC1 !RE=E !Y DES]VE TO BE CA/ D[N TO HELL ALONGSIDE ! ,PAGANS4 ,& NONE CAN IMPUGN ! ,*RI/IANITY ( ! ,FRANKS1 = !Y >E ! SC\RGE ( GOD AGA9/ ALL 5EMIES ( ,SA9T ,SIRICIUS1 ! ,VIC> ( ,*RI/4 

,>BOGA/ & HIS GANG DO NOT HAVE ! :OLE FIELD TO !MSELVES4 ,FRANKS >E NOT ! ONLY PEOPLE WALL$ \T ( ! S\?4 ,EV]YONE 9 ! NOR? WAS WALL$ \T4 ,& N[ O!RS RU% ?R\< ! BREA*1 ALL AS M>K$ AS ! ,FRANKS BY ! ET]NITY ( W>4 

,VISIGO?S >E JO9$ BY M\NT$ & F]OCI\S PA/ORAL NOMADS FROM EV]Y P>T ( ! ,EURASIAN /EPPES1 PEOPLE :OSE NAMES >E PRES]V$ AS ,ALANS1 ,SUEVES1 ,V&ALS1 ,BURGUNDIANS & MANY O!RS4 ,! /RONGMAN ,AL>IC PUTS HIMSELF AT ! HEAD ( !SE V>I$ B&S1 CALLS HIMSELF ! ,K+ ( ! ,GO?S1 & LEADS ! H>D5$ VET]ANS ?R\< MO/ ( ,ITALY'S CITIES4 

,ALL ! G5]ATIONS ( FRU/RATION1 ( P5T-UP HATR$1 AT LA/ F9D RELEASE 9 AN ORGY ( VIOL5CE :I* PROBABLY HAS NO PREC$5T4 ,! M>AUD]S PILLAGE & MURD] AT WILL4 ,!IR ANIMALS TURN ,ITALY'S LATIFUNDIA 9TO PA/URES4 ,ITALIANS :O >E /ILL 9 CITIES DIE ( FAM9E2 ?OSE :O EAT DIE ( PLAGUE4 

,AL>IC'S HORDES PROCE$ TO ! FAM\S ,SACK ( ,ROME4 ,!Y >E JO9$ BY =TY ?\S& SLAVES4 ,E>LI] SLAVES ROSE UP TO RECOV] !IR LO/ EQUALITY1 TO REE/ABLI% HUMAN COMMUNITY4 ,BUT ?AT WAS MANY G5]ATIONS E>LI]4 ,! SLAVES :O JO9 ! ,VISIGO? M>AUD]S WANT ONLY REV5GE1 !Y WANT BLOOD1 !Y UND]/& ! NEWCOM]S P]FECTLY4 

,:5 ! ,VISIGO?S >E SATIAT$ & TURN T[>D ,GAUL1 ,HUNS >RIVE1 ) ALLIES PICK$ UP ALONG ! 5TIRE R\TE BETWE5 ,MONGOLIA & ! ,DANUBE4 

,ROMAN ,CIVILIZATION BECOMES :AT IT WILL REMA9 =EV] AFT]3 COLOSSAL RU9S4 ,?IS IS ! HOLOCAU/ ! E>LY ,*RI/IANS LOOK$ =W>D TO4 ,?IS IS ! LA/ JUDGM5T1 ! DAY ( RECKON+1 ! 5D ( ! ,F\R? ,K+DOM4 

,NOT S9CE ! DEMISE ( ! ,HITTITES HAS A L>GE ,LEVIA?AN DECOMPOS$ SO TOTALLY4 

,AS ! NOMADS FROM ! =E/S & /EPPES TURN MORE AGRICULTURAL L&S 9TO PA/URES1 ! CITIES >E AB&ON$1 !Y BECOME PLACES ( DESOLATION :]E ORNAM5TS ?AT ONCE DECORAT$ ,GREEK TEMPLES HIDE ROTT+ CORPSES4 

,ROMAN >*ITECTURAL M>VELS BECOME RA9 %ELT]S1 & SOON !IR ORNAM5TS & 9SCRIPTIONS >E 9CORPORAT$ 9 ! WALLS ( VILLAGE LODGES BUILT BY =M] SLAVES & \TSID]S4 ,L>GE P>TS ( ,ITALY >E COMPLETELY DEPOPULAT$ 4 

,! ,EMP]OR 9 ,BYZANTIUM PAYS ,ATTILA ! ,HUN A L>GE TRIBUTE TO DISSUADE ! NEWCOM]S FROM DEVA/AT+ ! LA/ T9Y SEATS ( IMP]IAL P[] LEFT 9 ! WE/1 ,RAV5NA & ,V5ICE4 

,A SCRIBE WRITES1 = ! RECORD1 ?AT ! PUPPET ,ROMAN ,EMP]OR ( ! ,SUEVIAN /RONGMAN ,RICIM] EXEMPTS HIS SUBJECTS ( ALL !IR DEBTS TO ! ,/ATE1 RESC9DS ALL TAXES1 PUTS AN 5D TO TRIBUTE PAYM5TS1 & GRANTS SELF-GOV]NM5T TO ! 9HABITANTS ( CITIES4 ,! SCRIBE REMEMB]S BETT] DAYS2 HE CANNOT WRITE ?AT ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE HAS BECOME A FREE-=-ALL1 A WILD]NESS4 

,HOBBES1 TOO1 WILL LIE4 ,HE WILL SAY ?AT ! ,LEVIA?AN HAS REV]T$ TO A /ATE ( NATURE4 ,R\SSEAU WILL BE ! FIR/ TO CALL ,HOBBES A LI>4 ,SU* A 0WILD]NESS0 EXI/S NO:]E 9 NATURE1 & NOT A S+LE ELEM5T 9 IT IS NATURAL4 ,?IS WILD]NESS IS AS >TIFICIAL AS ,LEVIA?AN ITSELF4 ,! ACTIVITIES TAK+ PLACE N[1 PILLAGE & MURD]1 >E ! SAME ACTIVITIES ?AT TOOK PLACE :5 ! ,LEVIA?AN WAS HALE & H>DY4 ,! ONLY DIFF]5CE IS ?AT !Y >E DONE 9 A DISORD]LY MANN] N[2 !Y W]E DONE 9 AN ORD]LY MANN] BE=E4 

,PEOPLE DEHUMANIZ$ BY ! ,LEVIA?AN >E PLAY+ ) ! >TIFICIAL BEA/'S DECOMPOS+ SEGM5TS1 !Y >E PLAY+ ) ! >TIFICES WE CALL TE*NOLOGIES4 ,?IS IS SOME =M ( PLAY2 IT IS SOME K9D ( DANCE4 ,BUT IT IS NOT A DANCE F\ND ANY:]E 9 NATURE1 EI!R AMONG ANIMALS OR AMONG HUMAN BE+S4 ,IT IS ! DEA? RATTLE ( A DECOMPOS+ ,LEVIA?AN4  
  

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,IF ! NOM9AL1 HA/ILY CONV]T$ ,*RI/IANS ( ! ,WE/ KNEW ANY?+ ( ! HOPES ( !IR ,LEVANT9E PRECURSORS1 !Y W\LD KN[ ?AT HOSE HOPES >E ALL COM+ TRUE4 

,! ,F\R? ,K+DOM HAS FALL5 & NO FIF? K+DOM TAKES ITS PLACE4 

,AWAY FROM ! RU9S1 AWAY FROM ! MA9 R\TES TAK5 BY ROV+ B&S ( M>AUD]S1 =M] SLAVES & ZEKS >E JO9+ ) ! PEACE-M9D$ AMONG ! M>AUD]S & F\ND+ NEW VILLAGES1 FREE VILLAGES ( SE$ PLANT]S & PA/ORALI/S4 

,! ONLY P]SON DREAM+ ( ! NEXT K+DOM IS ! ,PONTIFEX ,MAXIMUS1 & HE'S DREAM+ ( REHABILITAT+ ! F\R?4 ,?IS MAN & HIS /AFF ( PRIE/S1 BY A LIE ?AT IS SURELY UNEQUAL$ 9 GROSSNESS1 HAS METAMORPHOS$ ! RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ! ABOM9ATION ?AT WAS ,ROME 9TO ! LA/ REPOSITORY ( ALL ?AT WAS ,ROME4 ,! LIE ALONE IS 9CR$IBLE 9 ITS MAGNITUDE4 ,:AT IS EV5 MORE 9CR$IBLE IS ! EXT5T TO :I* !SE MANIPULATIVE PREV>ICATORS SUCCE$4 ,!Y DO NOT SUCCE$ RI<T AWAY4 ,!Y BIDE !IR TIME4 ,!IR PATI5CE IS 9HUMAN1 IT IS DEMONIC1 IT LA/S FROM G5]ATION TO G5]ATION1 IT P]SI/S ! WAY ONLY A ,LEVIA?AN CAN P]SI/4 ,= ?IS PATI5CE1 ALL ! E>LY ,VIC>S ( ,*RI/ WILL BE PROCLAIM$ SA9TS BY !IR LAT] HEIRS4 

,! ,VIC>S1 ALSO CALL$ POPES1 DO NOT WORK ON ! 9DEP5D5T VILLAG]S -- NOT YET4 ,!Y WORK ON ! /RONGM5 :O HEAD B&S ( M>AUD]S4 

,POPE ,SIRICIUS %[$ ! WAY :5 HE WORK$ ON ,>BOGA/4 ,?IS CAME TO NO?+4 ,BUT NEV] M9D1 !RE >E HUNDR$S1 EV5 ?\S&S ( ,>BOGA/S4 ,! ,SUEVIAN ,RICIM] IS AN EV5 T\<] GR& BOSS ?AN ,>BOGA/4 ,RICIM] 9/ALLS ! PUPPET ,MAJORIAN1 !N ! PUPPET ,SEV]US1 !N ! PUPPET ,AN!MIUS1 CALLS EA* ,EMP]OR ( ,ROME :ILE ,PONTIFEX ,LEO 9VE/S EA* ,EMP]OR ) AU?ORITY4 ,RICIM] IS ! P[] BEH9D ! ?RONE1 ,PONTIFEX IS ! GOD BEH9D IT4 ,BUT ,AN!MIUS TAKES HIS ROLE TOO S]I\SLY1 ,RICIM] HIMSELF KILLS ! PUPPET1 & BE=E ! BURIAL ,RICIM] HIMSELF IS KILL$ BY ,GO?S1 ,HUNS & ,BURGUNDIANS :O SACK ,ROME YET AGA94 

,BURGUNDIAN /RONGMAN ,GUNDOBLAD 9/ALLS HIS C&IDATE1 BUT TO NO AVAIL4 ,SO ,GAIS]IC1 ! ,V&AL1 TRIES A DIFF]5T APPROA*2 HE 9/ALLS ,ODOVAC>1 BUT NOT AS ,EMP]OR ( ,ROME2 ,ODOVAC> IS CALL$ ,PATRICIAN ( ! ,POPE'S DIOCESE ( ,ITALY1 NOM9ALLY UND] ! PROTECTION ( ,BYZANTIUM'S >MIES4 ,?IS SEEMS TO WORK -- UNTIL ! 5TIRE TRIBE ( ,O/ROGO?S 9VADE ,ITALY & DISPOSE ,ODOVAC>4 

,SO NO?+ COMES ( IT ALL1 & ! ,POPE HAS TO />T ALL OV] AGA91 ?IS TIME ) ,O/ROGO? /RONGMAN ,!ODORIC4 ,! PUPPETRY IS DROPP$1 & ,!ODORIC PROCLAIMS HIMSELF ,K+ ( ,ITALY4 ,?IS WORKS1 & ! ,POPE IS ! ANO9T] ( ,O/ROGO? K+S = A G5]ATION1 UNTIL ,BYZANT9E ,EMP]OR ,JU/9IAN'S >MY DEPOPULATES ,ITALY TRY+ TO RE9CLUDE 9 9 ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE4 

,! EA/]N ,EMP]OR SPOILS IT ALL4 ,! ,POPES1 ANO9T]S ( K+S1 DON'T WANT TO GO BACK TO BE+ (FICIALS ( A ,*UR* ) HEADQU>T]S 9 ,BYZANTIUM4 ,!Y >E LOYAL TO ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE1 ! REAL ONE1 ,OCTAVIAN'S1 NOT ,JU/9IAN'S4  
  

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,! ,POPES >E PRECURSORS ( ,HOBBES4 ,!Y KN[ ?AT AN OP]AT+ ,LEVIA?AN NE$S A S+LE HEAD4 ,HEAV5 IS RUL$ BY A S+LE K+4 ,AS 9 HEAV51 SO ON E>?4 

,! PROBLEM IS ?AT ! OP]AT+ ,LEVIA?AN HAS ITS HEAD 9 ,BYZANTIUM1 & ! ,POPES' [N WORLD IS OV]RUN BY NUM]\S VIOL5T W> *IEFTA9S & !IR M\NT$ ,KNI<TS4 ,! ,BYZANT9E ,LEVIA?AN IS UNACCEPTABLE BECAUSE IT HAS NO (FICE = A SUPREME ,POTIFEX ,MAXIMUS1 AT LEA/ NONE = ! SA9TS 9 ,ROME4 

,SO ! PROJECT IS TO REHABILITATE ! DEFUNCT ,LEVIA?AN \T ( ! B&S ( M>AUD+ ,KNI<TS4 ,SU* A PROJECT REQUIRES CON/ANT1 C>EFUL & CALCULAT$ PREV>ICATION4 

,HAMP]$ BY ! ,BYZANT9E ,EMPIRE'S DEPOPULATION ( ,ITALY1 ! ,POPES CANNOT GET ANY?+ ROLL+ 9 ! IMM$IATE VIC9ITY ( !IR SEAT4 ,!Y DO BETT] :5 !Y TURN TO ,SIRICIUS'S FAVORITES 9 ,GAUL1 /RONGMAN ,>BOGA/'S DESC5DANTS1 ! LE?AL ,FRANKS4 

,ONE ( ! ,FRANKI% ,KNI<TS1 A KILL] NAM$ ,CLODOVE*1 GR&SON ( ,M]OVE*1 SEEMS ALMO/ TO KN[ :AT IT TAKES TO RISE FROM M>AUD] TO ,K+4 

,MANY ( ! ,FRANKS HAVE M>RI$ !IR ,GALLIC & ,LAT9 NEI<BORS & HAVE SETTL$ D[N TO HUNT+ & EV5 SOME PLANT+4 ,!Y /ILL *]I% ! MEMORY ( ! AGES ( VIOL5CE1 BUT !IR LIVES >E NOT AS FULL ( GREAT MOM5TS AS ! LIVES ( !IR ANCE/ORS4 ,?OSE :O NOT ONLY *]I% ! MEMORY ( ! VIOL5CE BUT ALSO CONT9UE TO LIVE LIKE !IR ANCE/ORS >E ! M\NT$ ,KNI<TS ) !IR LOYAL GANGS ( RETA9]S4 

,! GR&SON ( ,M]OVE* IS ONE ( ! GREATS AMONG ! ,KNI<TS4 ,?IS ,CLODOVE* OP]ATES FROM AN ISL& =TRESS ON ! RIV] ,SE9E1 A SITE ONCE 9HABIT$ BY PEOPLE CALL$ ,P>ISII1 A ,CELTIC CLAN4 ,9 ORD] TO PREV5T DISPUTES AB\T :O %ALL NOT HAVE ACCESS TO ! =TRESS1 ,CLODOVE* 5GAGES ASSASS9S TO LIQUIDATE HIS BRO!RS1 C\S9S & ALL O!R DISPUTANTS4 ,CLODOVE* HAS UNDISPUT$ ACCESS4 

,NO?+ 9 ,FRANKI% TRADITION ABSOLVES SU* FRATRICIDE1 & ! SPIRITS ( ! MURD]$ K9SM5 VISIT ,CLODOVE*'S DREAMS4 ,SU* <O/LY VISITORS WILL BE PORTRAY$ 9 ,%AKESPE>E'S ACC\NT ( ! EXP]I5CES ( ,CLODOVE*'S LAT] ,SCOTTI% C\NT]P>T ,MACBE?4 

,UNLIKE ,MACBE?1 ,CLODOVE* KN[S ( A ,LAT9 CALL$ ! ,POPE :O HAS M$IC9E TO ABSOLVE VIRTUALLY ANY DE$4 ,AL?\< ,CLODOVE* IS NOT A ,*RI/IAN1 ! ,POPE ABSOLVES HIM1 S9CE ! K+ ( HEAV5 W\LD NOT )HOLD HIS GRACE FROM A MAN :O IS ALREADY1 BY HIS V]Y DE$S1 ALMO/ A K+4 

,FROM ! ,LAT9 M$IC9E MAN1 ,CLODOVE* LE>NS ?AT L& IS NOT :AT HIS ,FRANKI% K9 ?9K IT IS4 ,! ,FRANKS ?9K ,E>? IS ! MO!R ( ALL LIV+ BE+S & CANNOT BE ! PRES]VE ( ANY MAN OR GR\P ( M54 ,!Y F\<T = TW5TY G5]ATIONS AGA9/ ,ROMANS :O TRI$ TO TURN A PORTION ,E>? 9TO A PRIVATE PRES]VE4 ,CLODOVE* LE>NS ?AT ,E>? CAN BE ONE MAN'S PRES]VE1 & CAN BE TREAT$ LIKE ANY O!R W> BOOTY4 

,! ABSOLV$ *IEFTA9 & HIS M>AUD+ ,KNI<TS SET \T ) HI<] AIMS3 !IR OBJECT IS ! L& ITSELF4 ,IF ,LAT9S C\LD TURN A PORTION ( ,E>? 9TO A ,ROMAN PRES]VE1 SO CAN ,FRANKS4 ,!Y 9V]T !IR ANCE/ORS' LONG /RUGGLE1 BUT ?IS BO!RS NO ONE3 ,KNI<TS >E NOT KN[N = !IR FAMILI>ITY ) E?ICAL CONSID]ATIONS1 ! ,HONOR ( A ,KNI<T IS 9 HIS SWORD & HIS SPE>4 

,! 9SPIR$ ADV5TUR]S SWE> LOYALTY TO ,CLODOVE* & SET \T TO KILL ALL ! REMA9+ ,IMP]IAL SOLDI]S /ILL 9 ,GAUL1 ALL GOOD ,*RI/IANS4 ,!N !Y GO AFT] ,?UR+IANS & ,ALEMANNI4 ,BLOCK$ BY /UBBORN ,ALEMANNI1 ,CLODOVE* AGA9 HAS TO RESORT TO ! ,LAT9 HOLY M5 :O ACCOMPANY HIS B&4 ,HE MAKES A DEAL4 ,IF ! GOD ( ! HOLY M5 HELPS ! ,FRANKS DEFEAT ! 5EMY1 ,CLODOVE* WILL ALL[ HIMSELF & HIS SONS TO BE D\S$ ) HOLY WAT]4 

,OPTIMUS ,MAXIMUS DOES = ,CLODOVE* :AT ,HE HAD E>LI] DONE = ,CON/ANT9E1 & ! ,FRANKI% M>AUD] BECOMES ,CLOVIS1 A ,ROMAN ,CA?OLIC SOLDI] ( FAI?4 

,CLOVIS OBLIG+LY APPO9TS BI%OPS FROM AMONG ! HOLY M51 & ALSO FROM AMONG HIS MO/ LOYAL M>AUD]S2 ?IS IS A =MALITY ?AT M]ELY AMUSES ! KN[+ ,KNI<TS4 

,>MOR$ ) LIES1 ! ,FRANKI% ADV5TUR]S N[ TURN !IR SPE>S AGA9/ 5EMIES :O APPE> TO BE ,VISIGO?S1 ,BURGUNDIANS & ,O/ROGO?S1 BUT :OM ! ,CA?OLIC ,FRANKS N[ KN[ AS ,H]ETICS1 FOLL[]S ( ,>IUS1 DEMONS 9 DISGUISE4 ,EV]Y PILLAG+ EXP$ITION IS N[ A HOLY W>4 

,! GR&SON ( ,M]OVE* IS EV5TUALLY /OPP$1 & ! GREAT GR&SONS 9H]IT ! W> BOOTY1 :I* CONSI/S MA9LY ( L&S4 ,! APPO9TM5T ( BI%OPS WILL TURN \T TO HAVE BE5 AS IMPORTANT AS ! CONQUE/ ( ! L&S4 

,! BI%OPS APPO9T PRIE/S1 & ! PRIE/S GO AMONG ! PEOPLE & PREA*4  
  

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,! PRIE/S SPEAK ,LAT9 TO A POPULATION ?AT SPEAKS ,G]MANIC DIALECTS4 

,! PEOPLE DO NOT UND]/& EI!R :AT ! PRIE/S SAY OR :AT !Y WANT4 ,! 9HABITANTS ( ! =M] ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE1 ,CELTS & ,LAT9S AS WELL AS ,FRANKS1 9T]M>RI$ & NO LONG] DI/+UI%ABLE1 N[ LIVE UND] ,FRANKI% LAW3 ,E>? IS COMMON TO ALL1 TO =M] SLAVES & ZEKS & ALSO TO !IR FLOCKS ( ANIMALS4 

,! PRIE/S CLAIM TO BE KEEP]S ( ! LAW1 BUT !IR LAW IS ,ROMAN1 IT IS ,LATIFUNDIA LAW4 

,! 9HABITANTS1 :E!R =M] SLAVES OR =M] S]FS1 >E ALL ,FRANKS N[4 ,!Y TAKE !IR FLOCKS :]E !Y PLEASE = ! FIR/ TIME S9CE ,ROMANS SUBJUGAT$ ,CELTS2 IF !Y DON'T V5TURE F>1 IT IS NOT BECAUSE !Y RECOGNIZE B\ND>IES1 BUT BECAUSE !Y FE> M>AUD]S4 

,YET ! PRIE/S SPEAK ( B\ND>IES1 ( DOMA9S1 ( GOD'S K+DOM & ( AN E>?LY K+DOM4 

,! ,ROMAN DREAMS ( ,*RI/IAN PRIE/S >E FRU/RAT$ & PO/PON$ BY ! COMPLETE COLLAPSE ( ! 9/ITUTIONS & HABITS ( SUBORD9ATION4 ,! =M] ,ROMAN S]F OR SLAVE IS NOT QUITE FREE1 ! =M] ,FRANKI% TRIBESMAN IS NO LONG] FREE1 BUT NEI!R ! ONE NOR ! O!R IS A SUBJECT4 ,9 PR9CIPLE EA* IS AS FREE AS A ,KNI<T4 

,KNI<TS >E B\ND TO EA* O!R ONLY BY FREELY TAK5 OA?S4 ,ONE :O SWE>S TO BE ANO!R MAN'S MAN IS A VASSAL1 & VASSALAGE1 AMONG ,FRANKS1 IS EQUIVAL5T TO COMRADE%IP4 ,9 A B& ( FREE M51 IT IS AN HONOR TO SWE> FEALTY4 

,FREE PA/ORALI/S & PLANT]S >E B\ND BY NO O!R TIES4 ,!Y SWE> FEALTY TO ! LOCAL M>AUD]1 SO LONG AS HE AGREES TO DO HIS M>AUD+ ELSE:]E4 ,!Y JO9 HIM ON SOME ( HIS EXP$ITIONS2 9 GOOD SEASONS !Y MAKE GIVES TO HIM4 ,& !Y EXPECT ! SAME FROM HIM4 ,! RELATION IS MUTUAL4 ,IT IS A RELATION ( MUTUAL AID AMONG PEOPLE :O HAVE LO/ MO/ ( !IR TRADITIONS1 BUT RETA9 FEALTY & CULTIVATE VIOL5CE4 

,FEALTY DOES NO ELIM9ATE VIOL5CE4 ,IT MAKES VIOL5CE A LITTLES LESS UNPR$ICTABLE3 SWORN COMPANIONS DO NOT ATTACK EA* O!R4 

,TAXES1 TRIBUTE1 DEBTS & ALL =MS ( COMPULSORY LABOR & S]VICE HAVE COME CLOSE TO VANI%+4 ,!RE IS NO FUNCTION+ ,LEVIA?AN 9 ! ,WE/4 ,?IS IS :AT MAKES ! ,ROMAN CL]GY DESPAIR2 !RE IS ORD] 9 HEAV5 BUT NO ON E>?4 

,LAT] APOLOGI/S = A RECON/ITUT$ ,LEVIA?AN WILL SAY ?AT RELATIONS ( FEALTY1 :I* !Y WILL NAME ,FEUDALISM1 >E MORE DEGRAD+ ?AN ,LEVIA?ANIC RELATIONS ( S]FDOM1 SLAV]Y & WAGE LABOR4 ,SU* APOLOGI/S WILL SPEAK ( 0D>K AGES10 ( TIMES :5 PEOPLE ATE GRASS2 !Y WILL HAVE NA/Y NAMES = ALL PRE-,LEVIA?ANIC RELATIONS4 

,ACTUALLY1 FEALTY IS NOT ON ITS WAY 91 BUT ON ITS WAY \T4 ,IT IS P>T ( ! CULTURE ! ,GO?S & ,FRANKS HAVE BE5 LOS+4 ,SOON !Y WILL LOSE EV5 !IR TONGUES4 ,SOON NO?+ WILL REMA9 ( !IR ANCI5T CULTURE EXCEPT ! VIOL5CE & W> TO PRES]VE ?AT CULTURE4 ,! 9VAD]S :O OCCUPY ! DECOMPOS$ ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE LET ALL !IR TRADITIONS LAPSE4 ,!IR CULTURE IS R$UC$ TO A S+LE !ME4 ,ALL !IR SONGS & /ORIES1 MO/ ( !IR FE/IVALS1 >E CELEBRATIONS ( DE$S ( VIOL5CE4 

,ANCI5T ,GREEKS ALSO NURS$ TRADITIONS ( VIOL5CE1 BUT ! ,GREEKS M]G$ ) CONQU]$ COMMUNITIES :O W]E /ILL CELEBRAT+ ! ANNUAL REBIR? ( ! DAU<T] ( ! ! ,E>? ,MO!R4 

,! ,GO?IC 9VAD]S M]GE ) A POPULATION ( SLAVES1 ZEKS & >MOR$ M5 :O HAVE EV5 FEW] HUMAN QUALITIES TO CONTRIBUTE ?AN ! 9VAD]S !MSELVES4 

,9 A CONTEXT ( SU* UNSUBLIMAT$ VIOL5CE1 ALL RELATIONS >E UN/ABLE1 NOT JU/ FEALTY RELATIONS4 ,IT IS ! VIOL5CE ?AT ACC\NTS = ! 9/ABILITY4 ,9 A WORLD :]E GREATNESS IS MEASUR$ BY ! HEAD C\NT ( DEAD VICTIMS1 /RONGM5 DO NOT LONG REMA9 EQUALS ( ! WEAK4 ,OA?S FREELY SWORN BY A WEAK] TO A /RONG] BECOME DUTIES2 GIFTS FREELY GIV5 BY VILLAG]S TO A LOCAL ,KNI<T BECOME OBLIGATIONS4 

,EV5TUALLY ! DUTIES & OBLIGATIONS BECOME COMPULSORY1 BUT NOT RI<T AWAY4 ,! FREE VILLAG]S DO NOT EXCEPT SU* A R$UCTION4 ,!Y GANG UP ) EA* O!R & KILL ! /RONGMAN4 ,!Y RETREAT 9TO ! =E/S & HILLS TO DEF5D !MSELVES4 

,KNI<TS DO NOT BECOME H]$IT>Y >I/OCRATS 9 ONE G5]ATION4 ,?IS TRANS=MATION TAKES LONG1 & ! MA9 REASON IT HAPP5S AT ALL IS ?AT SOME?+ IS CON/ANTLY ON ! BACKS ( ! VILLAG]S1 SOME?+ ?AT SAPS !IR 5]GY1 SOME?+ ?AT R$UCES PR\D1 FREE & VIOL5T HUMAN BE+S 9TO SUBMISSIVE1 UNFREE & VIOL5T ZEKS4 

,?IS SOME?+ IS ! BLACKFROCK$ PRIE/ :O FOLL[S EV]Y VILLAG] LIKE A %AD[1 EV5 UP ! HILLS & 9TO ! =E/S4 

,! PRIE/ HAS HI]>*Y EMB$D$ 9 HIS BRA94 ,GOD IS ON ! TOP RUNG1 ANGELS ON ! NEXT1 DEMONS ON ! L[E/1 & EA* KNEELS TO ! RUNG ABOVE4 ,?IS IS ORD]4 ,! VILLAG]S' RESI/ANCE IS *AOS1 & ,SATAN IS ! AU?OR ( *AOS4 

,?IS DOES NOT GO OV] WELL AMONG FREE PEOPLE4 ,!Y WANT TO KN[ :Y !Y MU/ BE SO4 

,! PRIE/'S FIR/ TRICK IS TO CITE MIRACLES OR <O/S & EV5 TO P]=M TRICKS SU* AS MOV+ ! LIPS ( A /ATUE ( ,HOLY ,M>Y1 BUT ONLY ! FEEBLE-M9D$ 5JOY !SE TRICKS4 ,SO ! PRIE/ MU/ RESORT TO ,PLATO'S 0NECESS>Y LIE02 HE TRIES TO EXPLA9 ?AT SOME >E MADE ( GOLD1 O!RS >E MEANT TO M9E IT2 SOME >E MADE TO BE C>RI$1 O!RS TO C>RY4 

,BUT ! VILLAG]S SEE ?R\< ?IS LIE TOO3 !Y /ILL REMEMB] ?AT ! LOCAL ,KNI<T IS ! GR&SON ( A VILLAG] NO MORE GOLD5 OR DELICATE ?AN !MSELVES4 

,N[ ! PRIE/ RESORTS TO ! REALLY BIG LIE1 ! CONTRIBUTION ( ! PSEUDO-,APO/LE ,PAUL TO ! ,WE/]N ,SPIRIT4 ,! PRIE/ BLAMES ! VICTIM = HIS MIS=TUNE4 ,HE SAYS ! VILLAG]S >E S9FUL1 & !IR S9 IS ! CAUSE ( !IR MIS]Y4 ,PEOPLE W]E HAPPY UNTIL ,SATAN 5TIC$ !M 9TO S9N+1 9TO EAT+ =BIDD5 FRUIT4 ,BY S9N+1 PEOPLE FELL FROM HAPP9ESS 9TO MIS]Y4 ,REMA9+ S9FUL1 !Y'VE REMA9$ MIS]ABLE EV] S9CE4 ,! CAUSE ( ! MIS]Y IS NOT ! ,KNI<T BUT ! VILLAG]S !MSELVES2 !Y >E !IR [N GREATE/ 5EMY4 

,RELATIVELY FREE VILLAG]S >E NOT EASILY TAK5 91 EV5 BY ROB$1 DEA?-LIKE M$IC9E M5 :O MUMBLE *ANTS 9 AN 9COMPREH5SIBLE LANGUAGE4 ,BUT !SE VILLAG]S' H]ITAGE IS POOR1 & EA* ( !M REMEMB]S ! TIMES HE COMMITT$1 OR AT LEA/ 9T5D$ TO COMMIT1 MURD]1 PILLAGE OR RAPE4 ,!Y RECOGNIZE !MSELVES AS S9FUL1 AS FALL5 HUMAN BE+S4 ,?IS /ILL DOESN'T EXPLA9 :Y !Y %\LD FALL :ILE ! ,KNI<T RISES4 ,N[ ! PRIE/'S O!R EXPLANATION COMES 9TO FOCUS4 ,GOD MADE SOME M5 TO MURD]1 PILLAGE & RAPE ) IMPUNITY2 ,HE MADE O!RS TO BE> ! MIS]Y4 

,VILLAG]S :O SWALL[ !SE LIES BECOME S]VILE VILLE9S ON A A ,LORD'S MANOR2 & ! E>?LY ORD] BEG9S TO TAKE ON ! ATTRIBUTES ( ! ,ROMAN ,CA?OLIC ,HEAV54 

,! COMMITM5T ( ?OSE :O CAME TO BR+ FIRE TO ! ,ROMAN ,LEVIA?AN HAS BE5 TURN$ 9TO ITS OPPOSITE4 ,! PRIE/S >E ! GREATE/ ALLIES ( ! /RONGM5 :O REPRESS RESI/ANCE4 ,! ,*UR* GA9S P[] BECAUSE IT IS ,ROMAN1 NOT BECAUSE IT IS ,*RI/IAN4  
  

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,! GREAT M>AUD]S SOON REALIZE ?AT ! PRIE/S DO !M A MU* GREAT] S]VICE ?AN M]ELY L5D+ !IR GOD'S HELP 9 W>4 ,! PRIE/S PACIFY ! VILLE9S2 !Y TURN REBELLI\S PA/ORALI/S & PLANT]S 9TO OB$I5T S]VANTS4 ,! PRIE/S DO ?IS = ! ,VISIGO?IC ,TULGAS & ,]VIGS1 = ! ,ANGLO-,SAXON ,OSWYS & ,P5DAS1 = ! ,LOMB>D ,>IB]TS & ,GRIMOALDS1 = ! ,FRANKI% ,!UD]I*ES & ,*ILDEB]TS4 ,I AM FOCUS+ ON ! REALM ( ,CLODOVE*'S HEIRS BUT BECAUSE ?AT IS :]E ! PRIE/S >E MO/ SUCCESSFUL4 ,! PRIE/S SUCCE$ NOT BECAUSE !Y >E LOYAL TO ,CLODOVE*'S HEIRS BUT BECAUSE !Y >E LOYAL TO ,ROME1 ! OLD ONE1 ,OCTAVIAN'S4 

,! GREAT-GR&SONS ( ,CLODOVE*1 M>AUD]S ALL1 LOSE 9T]E/ 9 ! AFFAIRS ( !IR VILLE9S & BECOME PREOCCUPI$ ) ! HUNT & ) ! =MALITIES ( 5T]TA9+ GUE/S4 ,BY ! SEV5? G5]ATION AFT] !IR LE?AL PROG5ITOR1 ! ,FRANKI% ,KNI<TS1 N[ CALL$ K+S1 LEAVE ! ADM9I/RATIVE *ORES TO A MAYOR 9 !IR PALACE4 

,AFT] ! ASSASS9ATION ( A MAYOR CALL$ ,EBOR91 A MAN CALL$ ,PEP9 ( ,H]I/AL ACQUIRES ?IS PO/4 ,PEOP9 IS A CONTEMPOR>Y ( ! ,Z>A?U/RIAN PRIE/S & RUL]S SEEK+ REFUGE 9 ! CAPITAL ( ,*9A BECAUSE ,UMAYYAD ,CALIPHS & ,MUSLIM >MIES >E WIELD+ P[] 9 ,P]SIAN L&S4 

,PEP9 ( ,H]I/AL KN[S NO?+ ( ,*9A OR ,P]SIA1 BUT HE KN[S ?AT ,MUSLIM >MIES >E ALSO AT ! S\!RN BORD]S ( ,PEP9'S [N REALM4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 9VIT$ !RE BY ALL BUT ONE ( ! SONS ( ! ,VISIGO?IC /RONGMAN ,WITIZA4 ,ONE ( ,WITIZA'S SONS1 ,ROD]IC BY NAME1 SEIZ$ HIS FA!R'S PALACE & TRI$ TO FOLL[ ! PREC$5T ( ,CLODOVE*1 BUT HE WASN'T QUICK 5\<4 ,WITIZA'S O!R SONS 9VIT$ ! R5[N$ ,MUSLIMS TO CROSS OV] FROM ,NOR? ,AFRICA & HELP UNSEAT !IR USURP+ BRO!R ,ROD]IC4 

,! >MIES ( ,ISLAM >E WELCOM$ TO ,SPA9 BY MO/ PA/ORALI/S & PLANT]S & BY ALL S*ISMATICS1 H]ETICS & ,JEWS4 ,! ,MUSLIMS RECEIVE SU* A W>M RECEPTION ?AT !Y PROCE$ OV] ! ,PYR5EES TO ! REALM ( ! ,FRANKS4 

,! HEIRS ( ,CLODOVE* >E PREOCCUPI$ ) HUNT+ & 5T]TA9M5T4 ,NEI!R ,*ILDEB]T NOR ,DAGOB]T NOR ,*ILP]I* PAY ANY ATT5TION TO ! NEWCOM]S FROM ,AFRICA & DI/ANT ,>ABIA4 

,BUT ! NATURAL SON ( ,MAYOR ,PEP91 A ,KNI<T CALL$ ,*>LES1 5LI/S ! ,POPE'S AG5TS TO HELP HIM RECRUIT AN >MY = A HOLY W>4 

,! ,POPE'S CL]ICS NICKNAME ,*>LES 0! ,HAMM]10 & !Y CONSID] HIS CAUSE HOLY BECAUSE IT S]VES ! ,CA?OLIC ,POPE'S ,ROMAN PURPOSES4 ,! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE'S ACTUAL CAPITAL1 ,CON/ANT9OPLE1 IS BESIEG$ BY ! SAME ,MUSLIM 5EMIES ( ,*RI/5DOM1 BUT ITS DEF5SE IS NOT HOLY TO ! ,POPE1 :O DEFIES ! ,BYZANT9E ,EMP]OR'S REQUE/ = HELP4 

,! ,MAYOR IS ! ,POPE'S MAN4 ,*>LES ! ,HAMM] PU%ES ! ,MUSLIMS UND] ,ABD->-,RAHMAN TO ! O!R SIDE ( ! ,PYR5EES4 

,HEAD ( ! BIGGE/ >MY NOR? ( ! ,PYR5EES1 ! ,MAYOR LETS ! K+ CONF9E HIMSELF TO HUNT+ & 5T]TA9+4 ,:5 ! ,HAMM] DIES1 HIS SON ,PEP9 ! ,%ORT DEPOSES ! LA/ ( ,CLODOVE*'S HEIRS1 ) ! ,POPE'S CONS5T4 ,9 EX*ANGE = ! CONS5T1 HE LEADS HIS >MY TO ,ITALY1 DEFEATS A ,LOMB>D >MY1 & DONATES A PORTION ( ! P59SULA TO ! ,POPE4 

,PEP9'S DONATION DISPLEASES NOT ONLY ?OSE :O QUE/ION ,PEP9'S RI<T TO DONATE A PORTION ( ,ITALY1 BUT ALSO ?OSE :O ASK3 ,:O IS ,PEP98 ,IT ANSW] BO? QUE/IONS1 ! ,POPE'S SCRIBES =GE A DOCUM5T :I* PROVES ?AT ,EMP]OR ,CON/ANT9E HAD ALREADY GRANT$ ?AT PORTION ( ,ITALY TO ! ,POPE4 ,>M$ ) !SE TWO PHONY DONATIONS1 ! ,POPE IS ON SUR] GR\ND ?AN EV] BE=E4 

,PEP9'S SON ,*>LES1 CALL$ ,! ,GREAT ALREADY 9 HIS LIFETIME1 LAYS ! F\NDATION ( A NEW EMPIRE1 & ! ,ROMAN ,POPE IS ITS PATRI>*4 

,! GREAT ,*>LES1 SON ( ! %ORT ,PEP91 5DS ALL DISPUTES OV] ! ,POPE'S L&S BY CONQU]+ ! ,LOMB>DS & GETT+ HIMSELF CR[N$ 0,K+ ( ,FRANKS & ,LOMB>DS40 ,*>LES MAKES AN ALLIANCE ) ,MUSLIM ,IBN-AL ,>ABI ( ,B>CELONA TO ATTACK ,UMAYYAD EMIR ,ABD-> ,RAHMAN ( ,CORDOBA1 BUT ,BASQUE W>RIORS DE/ROY ! RE>GU>D ( ! ,FRANKI% >MY4 

,*>LES ! ,GREAT !N TURNS HIS >MIES NOR?W>D TO REALIZE ! ,POPE'S DREAM & P]PETRATE ONE ( ! UGLIE/ IRONIES 9 ,LEVIA?ANIC ,HIS-,/ORY4 ,ONLY REC5TLY ALLI$ ) ONE ,MUSLIM AGA9/ ANO!R1 ! ,CA?OLIC >MIES ( ,*>LEMAGNE TURN NOR?W>D TO WAGE A HOLY W> AGA9/ 9FIDELS4 

,! 9FIDELS NOR? ( ,FRANKI% ,GAUL >E ,SAXONS1 ,FRISIANS1 ,DANES1 ,AV>S4 ,!Y >E DESC5DANTS ( PEOPLE :O W]E BLOCK$ FROM ! S\? = TW5TY G5]ATIONS BY ,ROME4 ,?OSE :O F\<T AGA9/ ! ,ROMAN OCCUPATION >E N[ ,FRANKS & ,LOMB>DS4 ,?OSE :O RETREAT$ & DEF5D$ !MSELVES FROM ! ,ROMAN MON/] & FROM DEHUMANIZATION >E /ILL 9 ! =E/S & ON ! RIV]BANKS TO :I* !Y RETREAT$4 

,?OSE :O /AY$ BEH9D & *]I% ! MEMORY ( !IR ANCE/ORS' LONG W>1 BUT UNLIKE ?OSE :O 9VAD$ ! ,EMPIRE1 !Y HAVE NOT BE5 R$UC$ TO COMPULSIVE LOOT]S & KILL]S4 ,!IR FREE COMMUNITIES /ILL RETA9 MANY ( !IR ANCI5T TRADITIONS4 ,M>AUD+ ,KNI<TS >E NOT ALTOGE!R ABS5T 9 ! NOR?1 BUT NONE ( !M HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 IMPOS+ TRIBUTE OR =C$ LABOR ON ! FREE VILLAG]S4 

,N[1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 ,ROMAN >MIES >E P\R+ BEYOND ,ROME'S =M] FRONTI]S & 9VAD+ L&S ( ! NOR?1 SOME?+ !Y C\LD NEV] DO BE=E4 ,! ,ROMAN ,CA?OLICS CAN ADVANCE BECAUSE ! NOR!RN]S >E SPLIT AS !Y NEV] W]E BE=E2 ! ,KNI<TS1 :O T5D TO MONOPOLIZE ! WEAPONS1 DEFECT TO ,*>LEMAGNE'S >MIES1 ATTRACT$ BY PROSPECTS ( BOOTY & P[]4 

,! FREE COMMUNITIES ( ,SAXONS FI]CELY RESI/ ! ,CA?OLIC >MIES = MORE ?AN A G5]ATION4 ,!Y DIS>M ,KNI<TS :O GO OV] TO ! ,*RI/IANS4 ,!Y DEFEAT ,*>LEMAGNE'S >MIES4 

,*>LEMAGNE'S TRA9$ KILL]S MASSACRE SEV]AL ?\S& ,SAXONS AT ,V]D52 !Y CAPTURE & 5?RALL$ SEV]AL ?\S& MORE4 ,YET ! ,SAXONS GO ON RESI/+4 ,ONE ( ! RESI/]S' [N GU]RILLA FI<T]S COMES TO T]MS ) ,*>LEMAGNE1 BUT ! ,SAXONS /ILL FI<T ON4 

,! ,CA?OLIC MILIT>I/S RESORT TO ! ,ASSYRIAN /RATAGEM ( MASS DEPORTATIONS & TO ! ,ROMAN /RATAGEM ( GRANT+ ! CONQU]$ L&S TO MILIT>Y H]OES4 

,! ,POPES HAVE AT LA/ REALIZ$ !IR DREAM4 ,! ,ROMAN ,LEVIA?AN SEEMS TO BE REHABILITAT$1 & ,>BOGA/'S HEIRS >E RUNN+ IT4 

,! 9VAD]S C>RY DESOLATION TO ,AV>S1 ,SC&9AVIANS1 ,SLAVS & ,HUNS4 ,! ,AV>S >E COMPLETELY DE/ROY$4 

,SC&9AVIANS =M SEAF>+ BRIGADES1 & !Y CONT9UE ! RESI/ANCE BY RAID+ & PILLAG+ ,CA?OLIC /RON<OLDS4 ,SLAVS RESI/ BY =M+ A ,MORAVIAN ,LEVIA?AN ( !IR [N4 ,HUNS M\NT FLEET HORSES & ATTACK ,CA?OLIC SETTLEM5TS AS WELL AS >MIES4 

,MASSACRES & DEPORTATIONS CONV]T ! MAJORITY ( ,NOR!RN ,EUROPEANS TO ,*RI/IANITY4 ,! FRE$OMS SO LONG DEF5D$ FROM ! ,ROMAN ,LEVIA?AN N[ BECOME 9CREAS+LY RE/RICT$4 ,! NOR!RN =E/S BECOME ! BOOTY ( ! 9VAD+ >MY4 ,! *IEF M>AUD] GIVES AWAY PORTIONS ( ! =E/S TO ! BIGGE/ & MO/ LOYAL KILL]S 9 HIS B&1 :O >E N[ CALL$ E>LS1 BI%OPS & K+S4 

,FEALTY IS NO LONG] AN OA? BETWE5 EQUALS4 ,IT HAS BECOME HI]>*IC4 ,EV]Y *IEF IS N[ ! VASSAL ( A HI<] VASSAL & ALL >E VASSALS ( ! EMP]OR4 ,L& IS ! VASSAL'S *IEF REW>D4 

,! 9HABITANTS ( FREE COMMUNITIES S9K TO BE+ PEASANTS ON A LORD'S MANOR1 & GRADUALLY !Y BECOME :AT ,ROME C\LD NOT MAKE !M3 S]FS4 ,ALL S]VICES & GIFTS !Y ONCE GAVE FREELY >E N[ 5=C$ BY VIOL5T GU>DIANS ( ,LEVIA?ANIC ORD]4 ,PEASANTS1 MANY ( !M DESC5DANTS ( PA/ORAL NOMADS1 /ILL LET !IR ANIMALS =AGE 9 ! =E/S1 ! COMMONS1 BUT !Y DO SO AT ! SUFF]ANCE ( ! =E/'S LORD4 ,MO!R ,E>? IS BECOM+ ! PRES]VE ( ! MO/ LE?AL /RONGM54  
  

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,! ,*RI/IANIZ$ HUMAN BE+S :O >E %ACKL$ ) BONDS ( S]VITUDE -- BONDS :I* SOME ( !M HAD %AK5 (F & O!RS HAD NEV] BE=E EXP]I5C$ -- DO NOT PASSIVELY RECONCILE !MSELVES TO ! S]FDOM IMPOS$ ON !M4 ,!IR RESI/ANCE BECOMES MASSIVE4 

,! ,*UR* TRIES TO PRECLUDE ?IS RESI/ANCE BY WORK+ ON ! VIOL5CE SO C5TRAL TO :AT ,TURN] WILL ,CALL ! ,WE/]N ,SPIRIT4 ,WE'VE ALREADY SE5 H[ ! ,POPE'S AG5TS US$ ! DOCTR9E ( S9 TO LODGE ! BLAME = OPPRESSION )9 ! IMMIS]AT$ VICTIM4 

,AFT] ,*>LEMAGNE'S CONQUE/S1 PRIE/S GO EV]Y:]E1 !Y TURN EV]Y VILLAGE1 MANOR & HAMLET 9TO A P>I%1 & ! NOTORI\S TRA9+ CAMPS & PRISONS KN[N AS MONA/]IES BEG9 TO DO ! L&SCAPE4 

,DIS9H]IT$ ,KNI<TS AS WELL AS FRU/RAT$ RESI/]S >E RECRUIT$ TO ! MONA/]IES & TRANS=M$ 9TO ADEPTS ( ! FAI?4 ,9 !SE E/ABLI%M5TS1 :I* >E NO?+ BUT E>LY S*OOLS1 HUMAN BE+S >E SY/EMATICALLY BROK51 ! WAY HORSES OR OX5 >E BROK51 TO BE> WEI<TS & PULL LOADS4 ,!Y >E SEP>AT$ FROM !IR [N HUMANITY1 FROM ALL NATURAL ACTIVITIES & SEQU5CES1 & TAU<T TO P]=M >TIFICIAL ACTIVITIES & ID5TIFY ) ,LEVIA?ANIC SEQU5CES4 ,!Y BECOME DISCIPL9$ SPR+S & :EELS 5GAG$ 9 A R\T9E ?AT HAS NO RELATION TO HUMAN DESIRES OR NATURAL CYCLES4 

,! CLOCK WILL BE 9V5T$ BY MONA/IC BE+S BECAUSE ! CLOCK IS NO?+ BUT A M9IATURE MONA/]Y :OSE SPR+S & :EELS >E MADE ( METAL 9/EAD ( FLE% & BLOOD4 

,SU* TOTAL REPRESSION R>ELY SUCCE$S AMONG BE+S NOT MADE ( METAL4 ,! =MS 9 :I* ! REPRESS$ HUMANITY RETURNS >E NOT RECORD$ BY ! MONA/IC SCRIBES1 AL?\< 9MATES & GRADUATES ( MONA/]IES WILL 9V>IABLY ATTRIBUTE A PRACTICE !Y WILL CALL 0SODOMY0 TO 9FIDELS UNFAMILI> TO !M2 ?IS MAY OR MAY NOT BE A CLUE TO ! CONT5TS ( A MONK'S UNREPRESS$ NI<T LIFE4 

,PRIE/S & MONKS C>RY TO EV]Y HAMLET ! REPRESSION ( ! NATURAL & ! DEVOTION TO ! >TIFICIAL4 ,!Y TRY TO MAKE EV]Y PEASANT A REPRESS$ MONK4 

,?IS VIOL5T REPRESSION ( EV]Y?+ NATURAL IS ! MA9 L9K BETWE5 ! ,CA?OLICISM ( ! ,WE/ & ! ,JUDAISM ( ! ,LEVANT4 0,HAVE DOM9ION OV] ! FI%444& OV] ! F[L444& OV] EV]Y LIV+ ?+0 IS 9T]PRET$1 BY ! PACIFI]S ( ! ,WE/'S FREE PEASANTS1 AS A DECL>ATION ( W> AGA9/ ALL NATURAL URGES TO RESI/ 5S]FM5T4 ,! FI% & ! F[L >E ! FRE$OM & ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ! PEASANT4 

,FUZ$ ) ! DOCTR9E ( S91 ONE BIG LIE SUP]IMPOS$ ON ANO!R1 ! CALL FRO DOM9ION IS AN 9VITATION TO :AT WE WILL CALL 0SELF-MANAGEM5T40 ,! PEASANTS >E TO DO TO !MSELVES :AT GOD DOES TO ! WORLD & :AT ! NOBLES DO TO ! PEASANTS4 ,!Y >E TO REMA9 VIOL5T1 & TO TURN !IR VIOL5CE AGA9/ !IR [N NATURAL URGES & DESIRES1 ABOVE ALL ! DESIRE TO RECOV] !IR FRE$OM4 ,! PEASANT IS TO DECL>E W> AGA9/ HIS [N SELF1 AGA9/ HIS BODY & ALL ITS NE$S & DRIVES4 

,?OSE :O DON'T HAVE ! S5SE TO RESI/ ! PRIE/S />T APPE>+ ON ! ROADS ( ,EUROPE ) :IPS1 APPLY+ LA%ES TO !MSELVES4 ,! ,WE/'S FREE NOR!RN]S & LIB]AT$ S\!RN]S >E TOTALLY DISPOSSESS$4 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 :]E ,MUSLIMS :O B[ TO !IR GOD FIVE TIMES A DAY >E CONSID]$ ,SATANIC 9FIDELS1 BECOMES A CIRCUS ( P5IT5TS EPIAT+ !IR S9S BY 9FLICT+ IMAG9ATIVE TORTURES ON !IR [N BODIES4 

,! GREATE/ ( ! P5IT5TS1 ! ONES RAIS$ TO SA9?OOD BY ! ,*UR*1 0HAVE BE5 GUILTY ( ! GREATE/ S9S AGA9/ CREATION10 9 ,TURN]'S WORDS1 0RACK+ !MSELVES ON :EELS1 HACK+ RELIGI\S EMBLEMS 9 !IR BREA/S1 CAUS+ !MSELVES TO BE P>TIALLY BURI$ 9 GRAVES OR HANG$ ON GALL[S1 BURN+ !MSELVES ON OV5S1 LICK UP UP VOMIT OR DR9K+ ! BLOOD ( DISEAS$ PATI5TS40 

,NO PREVI\S ,LEVIA?AN HAD SO COMPLETELY DEGRAD$ ITS HUMAN CONT5TS4 ,NEV] BE=E HAVE PEOPLE TURN$ ! ,LEVIA?ANS'S VIOL5CE ON !MSELVES4 ,! ,POPES & !IR E/ABLI%M5T HAVE A*IEV$ AN UNPREC$5T$ VICTORY4 ,!IR ,LUGALZAGGIZI-,OPTIMUS ,MAXIMUS1 A SYNONYM ( ,DEA?1 HAS MA/]$ ! FEAT ( IMPOS+ ITS DOM9ION OV] ! LIV+ BY MEANS ( !IR [N M9DS & H&S1 ! FEAT ( MAK+ HUMAN 9DIVIDUALS COMMIT SL[ & TORTUR\S MURD] AGA9/ !MSELVES4  
  

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,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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