,*APT] #ac #aihcaihc ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN ,TEXT 3 ,:5 ,BYZANT9E ,EMP]OR ,JU/9IAN DISPAT*$ TO ,P]SIA ! >MY ?AT HAD DEVA/AT$ ,ITALY1 HE SET MORE WAVES 9 MOTION ?AN HE PROBABLY 9T5D$ TO4 ,! BESIEG$ ,P]SIAN RUL] ,NU%IRAVAN1 0,! ,IMMORTAL10 WAS ! /RONGMAN MO/ RESPONSIBLE = SUPPRESS+ & MASSACR+ ! PEASANTS & ,MANI*EANS :O HAD RIS5 AGA9/ ,P]SIA'S NOBILITY4 ,UNABLTE TO C\NT ON ! LOYALTY ( ! REC5TLY REPRESS$ ,P]SIAN PEASANTS1 ! ,IMMORTAL S5T RECRUIT]S TO ,>ABIA & CONFRONT$ ! ,BYZANT9ES ) AN >MY ( CAMEL NOMADS4 ,! NOMADS F\ABIA4 ,!N BO? TRI$ TO E/ABLI% P]MAN5T G>RISONS ON ! P59SULA4 ,BYZANT9ES ALLI$ ) ,*RI/IAN ,ABYSS9IANS OCCUPI$ ,YEM5 & DE/ROY$ A ,JEWI% K+DOM 9 :I* ,*RI/IANS HAD BE5 P]SECUT$4 ,! YE> ,MUHAMMAD WAS BORN1 ! ,P]SIAN >MY OCCUPI$ ,YEM5 & \/$ ! ,*RI/IANS4 ,MUHAMMAD & HIS COMPANIONS >E NOT IGNORANT ( ! P[]S & WAYS ( ,LEVIA?ANS4 ,BY ,MUHAMMAD'S G5]ATION !RE >E PROBABLY V]Y FEW PEOPLE 9 ,EURASIA & MU* ( ,AFRICA :O >E UNFAMILI> ) ,LEVIA?ANS4 ,EV5 ! L>GE ISL&S BEYOND L&'S EA/]N 5D HAVE BE5 %ACKL$ BY AN ,EMP]OR1 & A SUCCESSOR TO ! FIR/ ,JAPANESE ,EMP]OR HAS ALREADY LE>N$ OR R9V5T$ ! /RATAGEM ( WE>+ HIS ROBE 0BY ! GRACE ( ,BUDDHA40 ,! ,>ABS HAVE BE5 CLOS] ?AN ! ,JAPANESE TO ! MA9 C5T]S ( ,LEVIA?ANIC ACTIVITY4 ,!Y HAVE1 9 FACT1 BE5 CLOS] ?AN MO/ PEOPLES1 & = A V]Y LONG TIME4 ,! ,AKKADIANS :O BECAME ! HEIRS ( ! FIR/ ,LEVIA?AN W]E V]Y CLOSE K9 ( ,>ABS1 AS W]E ! ,CANAANITES & ! ,>AMEANS2 SOME ( ! ,>ABS' ,ABYSS9IAN C\S9S ACROSS A N>R[ WAT]WAY W]E ,PH>AOHS ( ANO!R ,LEVIA?AN4 ,MU* ( ! TRADE BETWE5 ,9DIA & ! ,M$IT]RANEAN HAS BE5 PASS+ ?R\< ,>ABIA = G5]ATIONS4 ,>AB CAMEL C>AVANS HAVE S]V$ AS ! C>RI]S ( MU* ( ?IS TRADE4 ,& ,>ABS HAVE BECOME M]C5>IES & VICTIMS ( ! TWO W>R+ ,LEVIA?ANS ON !IR BORD]S4 ,SO !Y KN[ JU/ AB\T ALL !RE IS TO KN[ AB\T ,LEVIA?ANS1 & !Y'VE BE5 C>EFUL NOT TO %ACKLE !MSELVES ) ONE ( !IR [N4 "9 "9 "9 ,! MAN CALL$ ,MUHAMMAD CONDUCTS C>AVANS FROM ,MECCA TO ,DAMASCUS = A WOMAN CALL$ ,KHADIJAH4 ,HE IS FAMILI> ) ,BYZANT9ES AS WELL AS ,P]SIANS1 ) ,*RI/IANS AS WELL AS ,JEWS4 ,HE HAS MET M5 :O S]V$ AS M]C5>IES = ONE OR ! O!R >MY4 ,MANY ( !SE M5 RETURN PR\D1 NOT ( !IR QUALITIES1 BUT ( ! QUALITIES ( !IR PAYMA/]S4 ,!Y ?9K ! IMMORTAL ,%AH OR ! AUTOCRATIC ,EMP]OR IS A GOD1 & !Y ?9K ,CTESIPHON OR ,CON/ANT9OPLE IS ,P>ADISE4 ,SOME ( !SE M5 W\LD LIKE TO TURN ALL ,>ABIA 9TO SU* A ,P>ADISE4 ,MUHAMMAD IS FAMILI> ) RI* M51 LIKE ! ,QURAY% 9 ,MECCA1 :O ?ANK !IR [N QUALITIES = !IR WEAL?1 ?ANK !IR WEAL? = !IR WELLBE+1 & %>E NEI!R ) O!RS4 ,HE'S FAMILI> ) SOME :O ?ANK A /ONE = BO?4 ,MUHAMMAD KN[S FROM HIS [N EXP]I5CE ?AT HE IS ABLE TO LEAD HIS C>AVANS SAFELY TO ,DAMASCUS ONLY BECAUSE ( ! NUM]\S OASES1 ! F9E WEA!R1 ! /R5G? H( ! CAMELS1 ! FOOD AVAILABLE ALONG ! WAY4 ,HE KN[S ?AT NEI!R WEAL? NOR ! ,EMP]OR ( ,ROME NOR ! ,%AH ( ,P]SIA NOR A /ONE PROTECT HIMA LONG ! R\TE4 ,HE KN[S ?AT !SE >E NOT GODS4 ,9 FACT1 HIREL+S ( ! RI*1 ,BYZANT9E & ,P]SIAN M]C5>IES & /ONES >E AMONG ! OB/ACLES ALONG ! R\TE4 ,HE EXPRESSES ?IS KN[L$GE AS ! ,JEWS EXPRESS IT3 0,!RE IS NO GOD BUT GOD40 ,HE IS BAFFL$ BY ,JEWS :O 9SI/ ?AT ! GOD IS MORE VIOL5T & JEAL\S ?AN ! ,%AH & ! ,EMP]OR COMB9E4 ,9 ?IS MAN'S EXP]I5CE ! GOD IS G5]\S BEYOND MEASURE & 9F9ITELY M]CIFUL4 ,IF ?IS W]E NOT SO1 V]Y FEW C>AVANS FROM ,MECCA W\LD EV] REA* ,DAMASCUS4 ,9 ?IS HE IS CLOS] TO ,*RI/IANS1 :O CONSID] ! GOD'S SON M]CIFUL & LOV+4 ,BUT ! ,*RI/IANS1 9/EAD ( EXPRESS+ !IR GRATITUDE TO ! M]CIFUL GOD1 SP5D !IR TIME PHILOSOPHIZ+ AB\T :E!R ! GOD IS ONE OR ?REE4 ,P]SIAN >MIES OV]RUN ,SYRIA1 *ASE ,ROMAN SOLDI]S & ! ,TRUE ,CROSS \T ( ,J]USALEM1 & ADVANCE AS F> AS ,EGYPT4 ,NUM]\S ,QURAY% BECOME EV5 WEAL!IR BY DISPAT*+ C>AVANS ) SUPPLIES TO ! ,P]SIAN 9VAD]S4 ,=M] ,BYZANT9E M]C5>IES CONSPIRE ) AG5TS ( ! \/$ >MY1 EXPECT+ YET GREAT] WEAL? FROM ! RETURN ( ! ,ROMANS4 ,>ABIA BECOMES 9CREAS+LY ,LEVIA?ANIZ$4 ,= UNTOLD AGES ,>ABIA HAS BE5 5CIRCL$ BY ABOM9ABLE PLACES :]E ! RI* G\GE ! POOR1 :]E K9 & FRI5DS *EAT EA* O!R1 :]E P]MAN5T OV]M5 LORD IT OV] H]$IT>Y UND]L+S4 ,& N[ !RE >E ,>ABS :O CONSID] SU* PLACES ,P>ADISE & WANT TO TURN ,>ABIA 9TO SU* A PLACE4 ,! CAMEL DRIV] & HIS FRI5DS >E SADD5$1 P]HAPS 9C5S$ BY ?IS4 ,!Y KN[ ?AT ! ,ROMAN & ,P]SIAN WORLDS >E NOT ! M]CIFUL GOD'S ,P>ADISE BUT ! DEVIL'S4 ,! VISION>Y ,MUHAMMAD KN[S ?AT ,P>ADISE IS LIKE ! PLACE ! ,JEWS CALL ,$51 A REAL PLACE LOCAT$ SOME:]E 9 ,YEM5 OR 9 ,ABYSS9IA BE=E ! DAYS ( BIG >MIES & G\G+ M]*ANTS4 ,HE KN[S ?AT ,>ABIA IS NO LONG] ,P>ADISE1 BUT IT IS NOT YET ITS OPPOSITE4 ,PEOPLE /ILL TREAT !IR K9 AS K94 ,FEW NEGLECT ! POOR1 ! WID[S & ! ORPHANS4 ,SOME >E 9DEC5TLY RI*1 BUT EV5 !Y DON'T LORD IT OV] ANYONE1 = !Y KN[ !IR GOOD =TUNE MAY NOT LA/4 ,MUHAMMAD & HIS FRI5DS CANNOT DO ANY?+ AB\T ! ,ROMANS & ! ,P]SIANS4 ,BUT !Y CAN RAID ! C>AVANS ( ! ,QURAY% & DI/RIBUTE ! SUPPLIES AMONG ! POOR4 ,! ,QURAY%1 NOT SURPRIS+LY1 ATTACK ! C>AVAN LOOT]S4 ,! VISION>Y & HIS FRI5DS FLEE TO ,M$9A & PROCE$ TO DEF5D & ORGANIZE !MSELVES A LITTLE MORE SEI\SLY4 ,!Y WELCOME TO !IR RANKS ALL PEOPLE :O UND]/& ?AT !RE IS NO GOD BUT GOD & :O DEMON/RATE !IR UND]/&+ BY %[+ !IR GRATITUDE TO ! M]CIFUL GOD4 ,EV5 SOME ,JEWS JO9 ! ORGANIZATION4 ,BUT O!R ,JEWI% CAMEL NOMADS >E REPELL$ BY ! O/5TATI\S DEMON/RATIONS ( GRATITUDE TO ! >BITR>Y & VIOL5T ,ALMIE \/$ FROM ,M$9A4 ,AT ?IS PO9T ! CAMEL DRIV] & HIS FOLL[]S HAVE BECOME AN 0,UMMAH40 ,?IS [RD TRANSLATES 9TO ,5GLI% AS 0COMMUNITY10 & REF]S 9 ?IS CASE TO A 0COMMUNITY ( BELIEV]S40 ,BUT ?IS ,UMMAH IS NO LONG] A LOOSE CIRCLE ( FRI5DS OR A COMMUNITY ( K94 ,! BASIS = ADMISSION IS NOT K9%IP BUT ACKN[L$GM5T ?AT !RE IS NO GOD BUT GOD4 ,! ,GREEKS W\LD HAVE CALL$ ! ,UMMAH A ,POLITY2 ,I W\LD CALL IT AN ,ORGANIZATION4 ,IT IS NOT YET A ,LEVIA?AN & ,MUHAMMAD IS NOT YET A K+4 ,BUT HE IS ALREADY A ,HAKIM1 A ,JUDGE1 & ?IS IS SOME?+ QUITE DIFF]5T FROM A FAMILY ELD]4 ,:ILE ! >MIES ( ,BYZANT9E ,EMP]OR ,H]ACLIUS RUN ! ,P]SIANS \T ( ! ,LEVANT & 9L& T[>D ! V]Y WALLS ( ,CTESIPHON1 ,MUHAMMAD & HIS ,M$IAN ALLIES CONFRONT B&S ( ,QURAY% 9 TWO BATTLES1 & AL?\< ! ODDS >E AGA9/ !M1 !Y DEFEAT ! ,QURAY% BO? TIMES4 ,! VICTORS CONCLUDE ?AT ! M]CIFUL GOD IS ON !IR SIDE4 ,!Y >E EMBOLD5$ TO NO 5D4 ,NONE SAY IT PUBLICLY1 S9CE ! PROPHET DOESN'T SAY IT1 BUT M1ANY SUSPECT ! PRO/RATIONS TO ! M]CIFUL GOD > NOT ONLY GOOD 9 !MSELVES BUT ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO VICTORIES AGA9/ SUP]IOR ODDS4 ,! GOD IS OBVI\SLY A RELATIVE ( ! ,*RI/IANS' ,OPTIMUS ,MAXIMUS1 & MAY EV5 BE ! SAME 5TITY4 "9 "9 "9 ,! PROPHET DIES & HIS FAI?FUL SON-9-LAW ,ALI EXPECTS TO SUCCE$ TO ! PROPHET'S PO/1 BUT ! PROPHET'S FA!R-9-LAW ,ABU ,BAKR IS ELECT$ ,CALIPH1 0,SUCCESSOR40 ,ABU ,BAKR LIVES ONLY TWO MORE YE>S1 BUT DUR+ !SE YE>S ! ,UMMAH BECOMES AN ,>ABIAN ,LEVIA?AN1 & ! ,SUCCESSOR BECOMES SOME?+ V]Y SIMIL> TO A ,LUGAL1 A ,%AH1 A ,K+4 ,! BASIS = MEMB]%IP 9 ! ,UMMAH N>R[S SOME:AT2 IT IS N[ NECESS>Y TO ADMIT ?AT !RE IS NO GOD BUT GOD1 & ?AT ,MUHAMMAD IS HIS PROPHET4 ,BUT !RE >E NO REQUIREM5TS BEYOND ?IS1 & MANY WELL-TRA9$ SOLDI]S >E ATTRACT$ TO ! OBVI\SLY SUCCESSFUL >MIES ( ! ,UMMAH4 ,9 TWO YE>S ALL ( ,>ABIA IS UNIFI$ BY >MIES DISPAT*$ FROM ,MECCA OR ,M$9A4 ,NO OPPOSITION CAN HOLD ITS [N AGA9/ !M4 ,& ! M]CIFUL GOD REW>DS ! VICTORI\S SOLDI]S ) UNTOLD LOOT4 ,BUT SOME?+ IS BE+ =GOTT51 NAMELY ! FACT ?AT ,>ABIA HAS NEV] BE=E BE5 OV]RUN BY >MIES1 ?AT IT HAS NEV] BE=E BE5 UNIFI$ UND] A MILIT>Y COMM&4 ,?IS IS NOT ALTOGE!R =GOTT54 ,!RE >E UPRIS+S & REBELLIONS 9 EV]Y P>T ( ,>ABIA4 ,5TIRE >MIES DEFECT FROM ,ABU ,KAKR'S COMM&4 ,! REBELS >E PROBABLY AS 9C5S$ AS ! PROPHET HIMSELF WAS E>LY 9 HIS LIFE2 !Y DO NOT ?9K ,>ABIA IS BE+ TURN$ 9TO ,P>ADISE4 ,UM>1 A MAN WELL V]S$ 9 MILIT>Y MATT]S & ,LEVIA?ANIC WAYS1 IS ! ,SUCCESSOR TO ,ABU ,BAKR AS WELL AS TO ! 9SURG5CY 9 EV]Y P>T ( ,>ABIA4 ,?IS MAN DEFLECTS ! ANG] BY LEAD+ HIS >MIES \T ( ,>ABIA1 T[>D A =EIGN CONQUE/4 ,HE *OOSES HIS G5]ALS FROM AMONG ! 9SURG5TS & FROM AMONG ! HATE ,QURAY%4 ,! ,CALIPH'S >MIES OV]RUN ! ,LEVANT1 CAPTURE ,HELIOPOLIS1 ,EMESA1 ,J]USALEM1 ,ALEPPO1 ,ANTIO* & ,CAESA]A1 SWEEP AWAY =TY G5]ATIONS ( ,ROMAN ,CIVILIZATION1 5RI* !MSELVES ) LOOT BEYOND ANYONE'S WILDE/ DREAMS4 ,IF ANY SOLDI]S ?\LY ! GOD IS FID = 0,ISLAM10 ,SUBMISSION4 ,! ,MUSLIM W>RIORS GROSSLY UND]E/IMATE ! HELP !Y GET FROM ,*RI/IAN PEASANTS & URBAN ZEKS :O HAVE BE5 DREAM+ ( ?R[+ (F !IR YOKES = G5]ATIONS4 ,MO/ ( !SE ,*RI/IANS WELCOME ! ,MUSLIMS & IMM$IATELY SUBMIT TO ! M]CIFUL GOD1 :O AT LA/ DELIV]S !M4 ,BUT TO ! FEW :O RESI/ ! >MIES ( ,ISLAM1 ! 9VAD+ GOD HAS ALL ! ATTRIBUTES ( ,LUGALZAGGIZI & ,OPTIMUS ,MAXIMUS4 ,UND] ,UM> & HIS SUCCESSOR ,U?MAN1 ,MUSLIM >MIES >E WELCOM$ AS LIB]ATORS 9 MO/ ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE'S REMA9+ PROV9CES & 9 ALL ( ,P]SIA1 :]E PEASANTS HAVE NOT =GOTT5 !IR SUPPRESS$ REVOLUTION4 ,! ,P]SIAN RUL]S & !IR ,Z>A?U/RIAN PRIE/S F9D REFUGE 9 ! ,*9ESE CAPITAL ,*'ANG ,AN1 :]E !Y JO9 ,NE/ORIAN ,*RI/IANS H\ND$ \T ( ,BYZANTIUM BY ! H]ESY POLICE1 & :]E !Y WILL SOON BE JO9$ BY ,HUNS \/$ FROM ! IMP]IAL PALACE ( ,BACTRIA BY ,MUSLIM >MIES4 ,& !N ,BYZANT9E AMBASSADORS >RIVE 9 ,*'ANG ,AN TO ASK = ! ,*9ESE ,EMP]OR'S HELP AGA9/ ! >MIES ( ,ISLAM4 "9 "9 "9 ,! RAMPAG+ NEW ,LEVIA?AN RUNS 9TO TR\BLE RIT4 ,! 9T5TIONS ( ! F\ND]S CANNOT BE SO UNC]EMONI\SLY CAS ASIDE1 AT LEA/ NOT ALL ! 9T5TIONS4 ,! ?IRD ,CALIPH1 ,U?MAN1 IS ! PROPHET'S SON-9-LAW1 BUT HE IS ALSO A DESC5DANT ( ! ,QURAY% & ,UMAYYAH FAMILIES :O W>R$ AGA9/ ! PROPHET4 ,RI ) MEMB]S ( HIS [N FAMILY4 ,!SE M5 GR[ FAT ) SPOILS4 ,!Y BURY :ATEV] EGALIT>IANISM IS /ILL LEFT 9 ! ,UMMAH1 & ON TOP ( ALL ?IS1 ,U?MAN PROCLAIMS ?AT HIS V]SION ( ! PROPHET'S MESSAGE IS ! ONLY VALID ,QURAN1 & HAS ALL O!R V]SIONS DE/ROY$4 ,ANGRY ,MUSLIMS /ORM ,U?MAN'S H\SE 9 ,M$9A & ASSASS9ATE ! ,CALIPH4 ,AFT] A CIVIL W> BETWE5 ! TWO FACTIONS1 ,ALI1 HUSB& ( ! PROPHET'S FIR/ DAUMIES SPREAD ,ISLAM AS F> WE/W>D AS ,AFRICA'S ,ATLANTIC COA/ & AS F> EA/W>D AS ! WALL ( ,*9A4 ,BUT ! BREA* BETWE5 ! TWO FACTIONS WILL NOT BE HEAL$4 ,! DEF5D]S ( ,U?MAN TRY TO RECONCILE ! AM5ITIES ( ,LEVIA?ANIC LIFE ) ! SAY+S ( ! PROPHET4 ,! DEF5D]S ( ,ALI1 CALL$ ,%I'ITES1 WILL NEV] RECONCILE !MSELVES TO ! P[] ! HATE ,QURAY% WIELD 9 ! PROPHET'S [N CAMP1 BUT ONLY SOME ( !M VIEW !IR CAUSE AS A COMMITM5T TO ! EGALIT>IAN WAYS ( ,>ABIAN CAMEL NOMADS LIKE ! PROPHET2 O!RS VIEW ! /RUGGLE 9 PURELY G5EALOGICAL T]MS4 ,/ILL O!RS1 ,KH>IJIS1 REJECT ,U?MAN AS WELL AS ,ALI1 & SOME ( !IR 9ITIAL =MULATIONS REJECT ! ,LEVIA?AN AS WELL4 ,!Y SAY RID$ PALACES >E NOT ,MUSLIMS AT ALL1 BUT 9FIDELS4 ,EGALIT>IAN REBELS 9 EV]Y PROV9CE ( ! VA/ ,ISLAMIC ,EMPIRE1 ESPECIALLY ,%I'ITES1 OV]?R[ ! ,UMAYYADS1 :O WILL GO ON RUL+ ONLY 9 ,SPA94 ,BUT ! ,ABBASID ,CALIPHS :O N[ COME TO P[]1 FIR/ AS ALLIES & !N AS REPRESSORS ( ! EGALIT>IANS1 DO NOT RE/ORE EI!R ! =M OR ! SPIRIT ( ! ,UMMAH ( ! PROPHET'S DAY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y RE/ORE ! >I/OCRATIC ,LEVIA?AN SWEPT \T ( ,P]SIA BY ! 9ITIAL ,MUSLIM 9VASION4 ,UND] ! SECOND ,ABBASID ,CALIPH AL-,MANSUR1 ! ,SASSANID ,P]SIAN C\RT & EV5 ! ETIQUETTE >E RE/OR$-EV]Y?+ EXCEPT ! ,Z>A?U/RIAN PRIE/HOOD4 ,TAX GA!R]S G\GE PEASANTS TO SUPPORT W>S1 O/5TATION1 >T1 >*ITECTURE1 AS 9 BYGONE DAYS4 ,LEVIA?AN1 ?AT UN9T5D$ EXCRESC5E ?AT GR[S \T ( HUMAN COMMUNITIES & !N LIQUIDATES !M1 ONCE AGA9 WE>S ! MANTLE ( YET ANO!R LIQUIDAT$ COMMUNITY4 ,! ,ABBASID ,CALIPHATE IS ! HEIR ( ,SUM]-,AKKAD1 ,PH5ICIA1 ,BABYLONIA & ,P]SIA4 ,ITS CONNECTION ) ! PROPHET IS SIMIL> TO ! ,BYZANT9E ,EMPIRE'S CONNECTION ) ! APO/LES4 ,9/EAD ( RUL+ BY ! GRACE ( ,AHURA ,MAZDA1 ! ,CALIPH & HIS GR&EES RULE BY ! GRACE ( ! M]CIFUL GOD4 ,! P]SECUTION ( PEOPLE :O CELEBRATE NATURE1 ,MO!R ,E>?1 9 ANY =M :ATEV]1 IS C>RI$ ON AS ?OR\E HUNT$ D[N JU/ AS M]CILESSLY4 ,UNLIKE !IR R$UC$ ,BYZANT9E NEIE WAYS ?AT HAVE COME TO T]MS ) ,LEVIA?AN4 "9 "9 "9 ,ABBASID ISLAM IS ! HEIR ( SOME ( ! WORLD'S MA9 L&WORMS1 BUT ALSO ( ! ,PHO5ICIAN OCTOPUS4 ,IT IS ! FIR/ TIME S9CE ! DEBACLE ( ,P]ICLEAN ,A!NS ?AT ! TWO =MS ( ,LEVIA?AN HAVE BE5 COMB9$ = V]Y LONG 9 ! SAME BODY4 ,?IS MAKES ! ,MUSLIMS :OSE CAPITAL IS ,BAE HEIRS TO ,ROME'S CONG5ITAL ANTIPA?Y T[>D ANY TYPE ( OCTOPUS1 AN ANTIPA?Y RE9=C$ BY E>LY ,*RI/IANS' REJECTION ( ALL TYPES ( ,LEVIA?AN1 ! CLAW$ AS WELL AS ! T5TACL$4 ,BY ! GRACE ( ,LUGALZAGGIZI-,MAXIMUS1 ! ,*RI/IANS' ,ROMAN ORIG9S DO NOT PR$ISPOSE !M TO EMBRACE LOOSE T5TACLES4 ,ISLAM1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 COMES 9TO ! WORLD ) LOOSE T5TACLES4 ,! T5TACLES HAVE NOT COME TO ,ISLAM FROM ! OCCUPI$ =M] ,CANAANITE C5T]S ON ! ,LEVANT1 = !SE LO/ VIRTUALLY ALL ( !IR ,PHO5ICIAN TRAITS DUR+ ! LONG ,ROMAN OCCUPATION4 ,ISLAM'S T5TACLES COME FROM ! ,>ABIAN ,P59SULA2 !Y >RIV$ ) ?IS ,LEVIA?AN'S F\ND]S4 ,COMMODITY C>AVANS TRAV]S$ ! ,>ABIAN P59SULA ALREADY BE=E ! HEYDAY ( ! ,PHO5ICIAN COMM]CIAL EMPIRE1 & CONT9U$ TO TRAV]SE ,>ABIA EV] AFT]4 ,! FIR/ ,MUSLIMS AS WELL AS !IR PROPHET W]E C>AVAN DRIV]S1 & !Y PUT ! AMBIANCE1 ! PRECEPTS AS WELL AS ! EXP]I5CE ( C>AVAN DRIV]S 9TO ! ,BOOK ?AT S]VES AS PRETEXT & GUIDE = ! :OLE ,ISLAMIC ,EMPIRE1 ! ,QURAN4 ,! ,ABBASID ,CALIPHS & !IR NETWORK ( GOV]NORS & >MIES >E ONLY A P>T ( ! ,ISLAMIC ,LEVIA?AN4 ,?IS P>T CONSI/S ( A L&[N+ OLIG>*Y ) ALL ! ,SASSANID ,P]SIAN TRADITIONS EXCEPT ! (FICIAL LANGUAGE 7& EV5 ! LANGUAGE REV]TS TO ,P]SIAN 9 C]TA9 REGIONS74 ,! MON>* IS AN ABSOLUTE AUTOCRAT :O RULES ?R\< A VIZI]1 A POLICE1 SPIES & >MIES4 ,! 5TIRE E/ABLI%M5T IS SUPPORT$ BY TRADITIONAL ME?ODS ( PLUND] & EXTORTION1 IMPOS$ EXT]NALLY ON =EIGN]S :O >E EXPROPRIAT$ & 5SLAV$1 9T]NALLY ON WOM5 :O >E 5SLAV$ & ON PEASANTS :O >E R$UC$ TO AGRICULTURAL ZEKS4 ,9 ALL ?IS1 ! ,ISLAMIC ,LEVIA?AN DOES NOT DIFF] FROM ,ASSYRIA4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT ! P>T ( ,ISLAM ?AT SPREADS ! ,QURAN AS F> S\? AS C5TRAL ,AFRICA & AS F> EA/ AS ,9DONESIA4 ,! 9ITIAL F]VOR ( >MIES ( EGALIT>IANS EMB>K+ ON HOLY W>S AGA9/ OLIG>*IC MON/]S DISAPPE>S :5 ! >MIES >E L$ BY OLIG>*S4 ,! SIZE ( ?IS ,LEVIA?AN W\LD BE SMALL IF ! AG5TS ( IT SPREAD W]E VIZI]S & G5]ALS4 ,AFT] ! 9ITIAL MILIT>Y SUCCESS1 ,ISLAM SPREAD BY ITS O!R P>T1 A P>T ?AT CONSI/S ( ! HEIRS ( ! ,>ABIAN CAMEL NOMADS4 ,IT IS ! C>AVAN DRIV]S1 NOT ! VIZI]S1 :O *]I% ! ,QURAN2 IT IS !Y :O >E ! ,IMAMS 7TEA*]S7 & ,ULAMA 7LE>N$ M572 IT IS !Y :O C>RY ,ISLAM TO REALMS NOT REA*$ BY ! ,CALIPH'S >MIES4 ,& IT IS !Y :O P]SECUTE & LIQUIDATE NATURE-LOV]S1 ,MANI*EANS & ALL O!R 0IDOLAT]S & H]ETICS0 :O REFUSE TO BE R$UC$ TO DEP5D5T FACTORS 9 A NETWORK ( CIRCULAT+ COMMODITIES4 ,! OCTOPUS FUNCTIONS 9SIDE ! WORM ALMO/ AS IF IT W]E 9DEP5D5T1 9 A SITUATION ( M9IMAL CONTACT4 ,! M]*ANTS1 :O CONSID] !MSELVES & UND\BT$LY >E1 ! PROPHET'S TRUE HEIRS1 >E NOT L9K$ TO ! MILIT>Y HI]>*Y BY ANY =M ( M$IATION4 ,!Y HAVE NEI!R ,/ATE-APPO9T$ PRIE/S NOR A ,/ATE-SUPPORT$ ,TEMPLE4 ,9 ?IS ! ,MUSLIMS RESEMBLE ,JEWS-NOT ! ANCI5T ,JEWS :O HAD A ,/ATE1 A K+1 A ,/ATE-SUPPORT$ ,TEMPLE & PRIE/S1 BUT ! ,JEWS ( ! DIASPORA :O CONGREGATE >\ND A RABBI1 A TEA*]4 ,?IS IS UND]/&ABLE1 S9CE ! FIR/ ,MUSLIMS1 :O MADE MU* ( ,OLD ,TE/AM5T TRADITIONS1 W]E FAMILI> ONLY ) ,JEWS ( ! DIASPORA1 TO :OM PRIE/S & A ,/ATE-SUPPORT$ ,TEMPLE W]E EXOTIC & B>ELY-REMEMB]$ RELICS ( A VANI%$ PA/4 ,! ,MUSLIM M]*ANTS ACKN[L$GE ! MILIT>Y AU?ORITIES \T ( PRUD5CE1 NOT CONVICTION4 ,AS ,M4 ,HODGSON WILL OBS]VE1 ,MUSLIMS CONSID] 9DIVIDUALS RESPONSIBLE TO ,ALLAH1 NOT TO ! VIZI]1 & ! ONLY RE/ICTIONS !Y ACCEPT1 AT LEA/ 9 PR9CIPLE1 >E ?OSE IMPOS$ BY ! M]CIFUL GOD1 NOT ?OSE IMPOS$ BY A MILIT>Y (FICIAL4 ,S9CE !Y REJECT ! ,JEWI% CONCEPT ( A 0*OS5 PEOPLE0 OR NATION1 !Y 9SI/ ON ! UNRE/RICT$ FRE$OM ( MOVEM5T ( ALL C>AVAN DRIV]S :O DEMON/RATE ! UND]/&+ ( ! FACT ?AT !RE IS NO GOD BUT GOD & ,MUHAMMAD IS HIS PROHPET4 ,!Y EXT5D !SE RIY /RONGM51 !Y RECOGNIZE NO NATIONAL B\ND>IES4 ,EV]Y PROV9CE ( ! REALM IS A FIT REGION = COMM]ICAL PLUND]1 BUT ALWAYS )9 ! LIMITS ( DEC5CY IMPOS$ BY ! ,QURAN4 ,! RECORDS SUGGE/ ?AT ! PRECEPTS ( ! ,QURAN >E APPLI$ ONLY TO TRADE C>RI$ ON ) O!R ,MUSLIMS4 ,NO LIMITS ( DEC5CY >E IMPOS$ ON TRADE ) =EIGN]S CONSID]$ UNCLEAN1 IDOLATR\S OR DEMONIC4 ,TRADE ) \TSID]S TAKES ! =M ( PIRACY1 PLUND] & EXPROPRIATION & ! M]*ANTS DO NOT HESITATE TO R$UCE EV5 HUMAN BE+S TO COMMODITIES4 ,?US ! ,ISLAMIC ,LEVIA?AN DOES NOT EXCLUSIVELY OR EV5 PRIM>ILY CONSI/ ( FANGS & CLAWS4 ,IT IS A VA/ NETWORK ( T5TACLES ?AT MOVE BY L& AS WELL AS SEA4 ,!SE T5TACLES >E M]*ANT C>AVANS :I* TRANSPORT COMMODITIES ON DROM$>IES1 HORSES1 CAMELS1 OR 9 ! HOLDS ( %IPS4 ,! PLUND] ( ! ,BIOSPH]E BY MEANS ( SOPHI/ICAT$ TE*NOLOGICAL DEVICES PROGRESSES BY LEAPS & B\NDS4 ,L>GE SILV] M9ES >E G\G$ 9 ,C5TRAL ,ASIA4 ,! SILV] IS REF9$1 C>RI$ TO ,*9A & TRAD$ = SILKS & PORCELA9S4 ,9 ,9DIA IT IS TRAD$ = SPICES & IVORY4 ,! M]*ANTS' RECORDS NO LONG] HAVE TO BE KEPT ON CLAY TABLETS OR ON ,EGYPTIAN PAYRUS4 ,PAP] & LAT] PAP]MAK+ >E C>RI$ FROM ,*9A TO EV]Y ,ISLAMIC COMM]CIAL C5T]4 ,WAT] MILLS >E US$ 9 ,MESOPOTAMIAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION4 ,TE*NOLOGICAL IMPROVEM5TS >E MADE 9 ALL VEHICLES ( L& AS WELL AS SEA TRANSPORTATION4 ,HUMAN +5UITY FL[S 9TO DEVICES & CONTA9]S :I* HOLD & PRES]VE ! PRECI\S & ! P]I%ABLE4 7,I CAN'T RESI/ M5TION+ ONCE AGA9 ! MORONIC !ORY ?AT DEPICTS PRODUCTIVE =CES 0RIP5+0 UNTIL !Y 0GIVE RISE TO0 OR 0MAKE POSSIBLE0 ! 0TRANSITION TO A NEW SOCIAL =M40 ,SU* 0PRODUCTIVE =CES0 DO NOT EXI/ AP>T FROM ! 0SOCIAL =M40 ,! >TIFICES >E 9TEGRAL P>TS ( ! >TIFICIAL WORM1 !Y >E NO?+ BUT ITS ATTRIBUTES4 ,! TE*NOLOGIES >E ! CLAWS & FANGS ( ! ,LEVIA?AN4 ,SILV] M9ES & LAT] WAT] :EELS DO NOT GIVE RISE TO ! ,ISLAMIC ,LEVIA?AN2 ,IT GIVES RISE TO !M4 ,! TYPES ( TE*NOLOGIES DEVELOP$ BY A ,LEVIA?AN DEP5D PRIM>ILY ON ! TYPE ( ,LEVIA?AN 9 QUE/ION1 NOT ON ! 0/ATE ( DEVELOPM$NT ( GLOBAL PRODUCTIVE =CES0 CIT$ BY >TIFICE FETI%I/S4 ,! ,PHO5ICIANS DEVELOP$1 NE> ! V]Y DAWN ( ,CIVILIZATION1 A M>ITIME TE*NOLOGY ?AT W\LD BE UNMAT*$ UNTIL ! APPE>ANCE ( A ,LEVIA?AN ) SIMIL>LY EXT5D$ T5TACLES47 ,! ,ISLAMIC M]CANTILE C>AVANS >E ! FIR/ EXT5SIVE NETWORK ( F>-REA*+ T5TACLES ISNCE ! DEMISE ( ! ,GREEK OCTOPUS AT ! H&S ( ! ,MAC$ONIANS4 ,! ,MUSLIMS1 NOT ! ,BYZANT9ES1 >E ! SUCCESSORS ( ! ANCI5T ,GREEKS4 ,& !Y KN[ IT4 ,!Y TRANSLATE ! MA9 WORKS ( ,GREEK PHILOSOPHY1 LIT]ATURE & NATURAL SCI5CE 9TO ,>ABIC & ,P]SIAN4 ,WE/]N ,*RI/IANS WILL LAT] DISCOV] :AT !Y CALL !IR ,GREEK H]ITAGE NOT 9 ,GREECE BUT 9 ,MUSLIM ,SPA91 & !Y WILL HAVE TO LE>N ,>ABIC TO RECOV] ?AT H]ITAGE4 ,! ,MUSLIM M]*ANTS1 LIKE ! ,GREEKS1 R$UCE WOM5 TO H\SEHOLD SLAVES4 ,!Y CONGREGATE 9 ! M>KETPLACE4 ,!Y DISCUSS EV]Y?+ FROM ,PTOLEMAIC A/RONOMY TO ,>I/OTELIAN PHILOSOPHY4 ,!Y >E AW>E ( ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! CALCULAT+ RATIONALISM DEM&$ BY !IR COMM]CIAL DEAL+S & ! PIETY DEM&$ BY !IR GODS 7S+UL> 9 ! CASE ( ,ISLAM47 ,! ,GREEKS MOV$ !IR SPECULATIVE ACTIVITIES \T ( ! ,TEMPLE & 9TO ! M>KETPLACE2 ! ,MUSLIMS NEV] HAD SU* A ,TEMPLE4 ,! ,GREEKS R$UC$ !IR %R9ES TO ORNAM5TS :I* COV]$ !IR COMM]CIAL T5TACLES2 ! ,MUSLIMS COV] !IR T5TACLES BORR[$ FROM ,ROMANS1 ,P]SIANS & ,9DIANS :O ACQUIR$ !M FROM ,GREEKS4 "9 "9 "9 ,! TWO =MS ( ,LEVIA?AN COEXI/ 9 ,ISLAM BUT NOT COM=TABLY1 & BO? GIVE RISE TO ! TYPES ( =CES ?AT DECOMPOS$ & EV5TUALLY BR\LI] ,LEVIA?ANS4 ,M]*ANTS :O >E NOT TOO SCRUPUL\S AB\T ! S\RCES ( !IR PR(ITS REG>D C\RTI]S AS FIT OBJECTS ( PLUND] & (T5 DRIVE !M 9TO DEBT & RU94 ,& ( C\RSE ! MILIT>I/IC C\RTI]S RETALIATE BY OV]TAX+ & SOMETIMES PLUND]+ M]*ANTS4 ,& BO? ! MILIT>Y & ! M]CANTILE E/ABLI%M5TS CONT9UALLY EXPLOIT :AT ,TOYNBEE WILL CALL 9T]NAL AS WELL AS EXT]NAL PROLET>IATS1 NAMELY OV]WORK$ LABOR]S & PEASANTS AS WELL AS =EIGN]S :O >E SUBJECT$ PLUND]1 EXPROPRIATION & 5SLAVEM5T4 ,! ,ABBASID ,CALIPHATE1 & ! UNIFI$ CALIPHATE ITSELF1 >E DE/ROY$ BY A COMB9ATION ( 9T]NAL AS WELL AS EXT]NAL AG5TS SIMIL> TO ?OSE WE'VE SE5 BE=E4 ,PEASANTS 9 ! ,EMPIRE'S C5TRAL PROV9CE RISE UP AGA9/ ! L&LORDS1 SUCCESSFULLY DEFEAT ! ,CALIPH'S >MIES1 R$I/RIBUTE ! L&1 RE/ORE SOME MEASURE ( EQUALITY1 & HOLD ON TO !IR GA9S = AN 5TIRE G5]ATION4 ,TO SUBDUE ! PEASANTS1 ! ,CALIPH DOES :AT HIS ,SASSANID PR$ECESSOR DID3 HE RECRUITS HIS >MY ABROAD1 ?IS TIME AMONG ! IRON->M$ ,TURKS4 ,! ,TURKI% M]C5>IES DEFEAT ! PEASANT UPRIS+1 KN[N AS ,BABAK'S REVOLT1 & >E RETA9$ AS ! ,CALIPH'S P]SONAL GU>D1 SOME?+ LIKE ,PRETORIANS4 ,REVOLTS CONT9UE4 ,SLAVES RISE 9 L[] ,MESOPOTAMIA &1 TOGE!R ) EGALIT>IAN ,KH>IJIS1 TRY TO RE/ORE A CLASSLESS COMMUNITY TO A REGION :I* HAS BE5 )\T SU* A COMMUNITY LONG] ?AN ANY O!R P>T ( ! WORLD4 ,!Y TOO >E SUPPRESS$ BY ! ,CALIPH & HIS ,TURKI% TROOPS1 BUT ,9DIA1 ,P]SIA1 ,EGYPT & ,NOR? ,AFRICA DEFECT FROM ! ,EMPIRE1 & SOON ,>ABIA FALLS \T4 ,! ,TURKS >E CONV]T$ & ! REALM ( ,ISLAM ACTUALLY GR[S L>G]1 BUT ! EMPIRES ( ! 9CREAS+LY NUM]\S 9DEP5D5T POT5TATES BECOME QUITE SMALL1 & GRADUALLY ! =M] ,TURKI% GU>D & ! M]C5>Y TROOPS TRA9$ 9 SUPPRESS+ REBELLIONS SEIZE ! PALACES ( ! POT5TATES4 ,! ,TURKI% RUL]S RE9=CE !MSELVES ) TROOPS ( ,TURKI% PA/ORAL NOMADS1 & !SE NOMADS DE/ROY ! WEAL? ( ! L&$ OLIG>*Y BY KILL+ PEASANTS & TURN+ F>M L&S 9TO PA/URES4 ,! NOMADS HAVE NO USE = F>M L&S OR T[NS OR ADM9I/RATORS1 & !Y DE/ROY MANY ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ?AT 0RIP5$0 BE=E !IR >RIVAL4 ,! ,TURKI% RUL]S :O CONSCRIPT NOMADIC TRIBES >E !MSELVES OV]?R[N BY !IR [N TROOPS1 & NEW ,TURKI% /RONGM5 >E ABLE TO PUT ! AVAILABLE PRODUCTIVE =CES TO USE ONLY BY FIR/ BREAK+ ! SPIRIT ( ! NOMADIC TRIBES4 ,FATIMID RUL]S ( ,EGYPT & ,NOR? ,AFRICA RUN 9TO SIMIL> PROBLEMS ) NOMADIC ,B]B] TROOPS4 ,! ,TURKI% RUL]S1 AL?\< CONV]TS TO ,ISLAM1 T5D TO HAVE LESS RESPECT ?AN !IR PR$ECESSORS = ! COMM]CIAL H\SES & C>AVANS1 TAX+ & (T5 PLUND]+ M]*ANTS TO SUPPORT MILIT>Y V5TURES4 ,!Y T5D TO TURN V>I\S ,ISLAMIC ,LEVIA?ANS 9TO WORMS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ,ISLAMIC COMM]CIAL V5TURES ?RIVE AT ! FR+ES ( ,ISLAM & EV5 \TSIDE ! EMPIRE ( BELIEV]S4 ,ISLAMIC M]*ANTS CONTROL ! OV]SEAS TRADE ( ,*9A1 & !IR L& C>AVANS TRANSPORT ,*9ESE SILKS & PORCELA9S ALONG ALL OV]L& R\TES WE/ ( ,*9A4 ,!SE C>AVANS REGUL>LY PASS ?R\< L&S 9HABIT$ BY M\NT$ IRON-WIELD+ ,MONGOLS4 ,! BEHAVIOR ( ! C>AVAN DRIV]S T[>D PEOPLE !Y CONSID] IDOLAT]S MAY BE :AT 5RAGES ! ,MONGOLS AGA9/ ! ,CIVILIZ$1 IF ! ,MONGOLS >E NOT ALREADY 5RAG$ BY ! CONT9UAL ATTACKS ( ,*9ESE BORD] GU>DS & M]C5>IES4 ,DUR+ ONE & ! SAME G5]ATION1 DEM5T$ KILL]S KN[N TO ,MUSLIMS AS ,WE/]N ,FRANKS & 5RAG$ M\NT$ ,MONGOLS FROM ! BORD]S ( ,*9A P\NCE ON ! C5TRAL PROV9CES ( ,ISLAM ) A DET]M9ATION TO DE/ROY EV]Y TRACE ( ,CIVILIZATION4 ,! C5TRAL ,MESOPOTAMIAN & ,LEVANT9E PROV9CES NEV] RECOV] FROM !SE ASSAULTS1 AL?\< ,ISLAM AS A WORLD EMBRAC+ ,LEVIA?AN DOES RECOV]1 L>GELY BY ! ,*9ESE ME?OD ( ABSORB+ ! 9VAD]S4 ,EIRI]S ON ! ,WE/]N ,SPIRIT :O >RIVES AS M]*ANTS & CLAIM TO BE HEIRS ( ,ROMANS & ,GREEKS4 "9 "9 "9 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aihb 3 ,*APT] #ac -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,OCTOB] #h1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ac -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/