,AFT] ,P9KVILLE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY 

,TEXT 3 

,ON #ae ,OCTOB] #a#i#f#e1 AN E/IMAT$ #g1 PEOPLE TOOK P>T 9 L>GE-SCALE ANTI-W> DEMON/RATIONS4 ,! DEMON/RATORS HE>D PLEAS = AN 5D TO ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM & = A S]I\S COMMITM5T TO NEGOTIATIONS1 9 RESPONSE TO ! NEGOTIATION (F]S FROM ,NOR? ,VIETNAM & ,U,N EF=TS TO SETTLE ! W>4 ,TO BE MORE PRECISE1 ?IS IS :AT !Y HE>D IF !Y HE>D ANY?+ AT ALL4 ,ON ! ,BO/ON ,COMMON1 = EXAMPLE1 !Y HE>D NOT A WORD FROM ! SPEAK]S1 :O W]E DR[N$ \T BY HECKL]S & C\NT]-DEMON/RATORS4 

,ON ! ,S5ATE FLOOR1 ,S5ATOR ,MANSFIELD D5\NC$ ! 'S5SE ( UTT] IRRESPONSIBILITY' %[N BY ! DEMON/RATORS1 :ILE ,EV]ETT ,DIRKS5 SAID ! DEMON/RATIONS W]E '5\< TO MAKE ANY P]SON LOYAL TO HIS C\NTRY WEEP'4 ,RI*>D ,NIXON WROTE1 9 A LETT] TO ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ?AT '444 VICTORY = ! ,VIET ,CONG444 W\LD MEAN ULTIMATELY ! DE/RUCTION ( FRE$OM ( SPEE* = ALL M5 = ALL TIME NOT ONLY 9 ,ASIA1 BUT 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AS WELL' - NO?+ LESS4 

,9 A S5SE1 ,S5ATOR ,MANSFIELD WAS RI<T 9 SPEAK+ ( ! S5SE ( UTT] IRRESPONSIBILITY %[N BY DEMON/RATORS4 ,!Y %\LD HAVE BE5 DEM&+ NOT AN 5D TO ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM & NEGOTIATIONS1 BUT A COMPLETE & IMM$IATE )DRAWAL ( ALL ,AM]ICAN TROOPS & MAT]IEL - AN 5D TO ANY =CEFUL 9T]F]5CE 9 ! 9T]NAL AFFAIRS ( ,VIETNAM OR ANY O!R NATION4 ,!Y %\LD HAVE BE5 DEM&+ NOT M]ELY ?AT ! ,U,S ADH]E TO 9T]NATIONAL LAW & ITS [N TREATY OBLIGATIONS - ?US REMOV+ ITSELF =?) FROM ,VIETNAM2 BUT !Y %\LD ALSO HAVE EX]CIS$ !IR RI<T & DUTY TO RESI/ ! VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE1 :I* WAS AS VICI\S 9 PRACTICE AS IT WAS ILLEGAL 9 PR9CIPLE4 

,9 ,OCTOB] #aifg !RE W]E1 ONCE AGA91 MASS DEMON/RATIONS AGA9/ ! W>1 ?IS TIME 9 ,WA%+TON & AT ! ,P5TAGON4 ,A FEW MON?S E>LI]1 /ILL L>G]1 ?\< LESS MILITANT1 DEMON/RATIONS HAD TAK5 PLACE 9 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,! ,TET (F5SIVE1 %ORTLY AFT]1 REVEAL$ ?AT ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y /RATEGY WAS 'FOOLI% TO ! PO9T ( 9SANITY'4.<#a.> ,IT ALSO REVEAL$ TO ! PUBLIC ?AT GOV]NM5T PROPAG&A WAS EI!R AN ILLUSION OR A FRAUD4 ,MOREOV]1 AN 9T]NATIONAL MONET>Y CRISIS ?REAT5$1 ATTRIBUTABLE 9 P>T TO ,VIETNAM4 

,9 RETROSPECT1 IT SEEMS POSSIBLE ?AT ! W> C\LD HAVE BE5 5D$ IF POPUL> PRESSURE HAD BE5 MA9TA9$4 ,BUT MANY RADICALS FELT ?AT ! W> WAS OV]1 ?AT IT HAD BECOME1 9 ANY CASE1 A 'LIB]AL ISSUE'1 & !Y TURN$ TO O!R CONC]NS4 ,?OSE :O HAD DEM&$ NO MORE ?AN AN 5D TO ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM & A COMMITM5T TO NEGOTIATIONS SAW !IR DEM&S BE+ REALIZ$1 & LAPS$ 9TO SIL5CE4 

,!SE DEM&S1 H[EV]1 HAD ALWAYS BE5 BESIDE ! PO9T4 ,AS TO NEGOTIATIONS1 !RE IS1 9 FACT1 V]Y LITTLE TO NEGOTIATE4 ,AS LONG AS AN ,AM]ICAN >MY ( OCCUPATION REMA9S 9 ,VIETNAM1 ! W> WILL CONT9UE4 ,)DRAWAL ( ,AM]ICAN TROOPS MU/ BE A UNILAT]AL ACT1 AS ! 9VASION ( ,VIETNAM BY ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T WAS A UNILAT]AL ACT 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,?OSE :O HAD BE5 CALL+ = 'NEGOTIATIONS N[' W]E DELUD+ !MSELVES & O!RS1 JU/ AS ?OSE :O N[ CALL = A CEASE-FIRE ?AT WILL LEAVE AN ,AM]ICAN EXP$ITION>Y =CE 9 ,VIETNAM >E NOT FAC+ REALITY4 

,AS TO ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM1 ?IS HAD ALWAYS BE5 A SIDE-%[1 9 L>GE MEASURE A PROPAG&A COV] = ! ,AM]ICAN 9VASION ( ! ,S\?4 ,! ,U,S GOV]NM5T C\LD NOT ADMIT ?AT IT WAS 9VAD+ ,S\? ,VIETNAM TO PROTECT FROM ITS [N POPULATION A GOV]NM5T ?AT WE HAD 9/ALL$4 ,!RE=E IT WAS RESCU+ ! ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE FROM 'AGGRESSION'4 ,BUT !N SURELY IT MU/ /RIKE AT ! 'S\RCE ( AGGRESSION'4 ,H5CE ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM4 ,?IS1 AT LEA/1 SEEMS ! MO/ RATIONAL EXPLANATION = ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#f#e1 AT A TIME :5 NO ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE TROOPS W]E 9 ! ,S\?1 SO F> AS WAS KN[N1 & !RE WAS A B>E TRICKLE ( SUPPLIES4 

,TO BE SURE1 ?OSE :O >E '9 ! KN[' HAVE DIFF]5T EXPLANATIONS = ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM4 ,CONSID]1 = EXAMPLE1 ! EXPLANATION (F]$ BY ,SIR ,ROB]T ,?OMPSON1 ! ,BRITI% C\NT]-9SURG5CY EXP]T :O HAS BE5 = MANY YE>S A CLOSE ADVIS] ( ! ,AM]ICAN >MY 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM - A MAN :O IS1 9CID5TALLY1 MU* ADMIR$ BY ,AM]ICAN SOCIAL SCI5TI/S :O LIKE TO CONSID] !MSELVES 'T\< M9D$1 H>D-NOS$ REALI/S'1 NO D\BT BECAUSE ( HIS UTT] CONTEMPT = DEMOCRACY & HIS RELATIVELY PURE COLONIALI/ ATTITUDES4 ,9 ! ,GU>DIAN ( #ai ,MAY #a#i#f#i1 HIS VIEWS >E EXPLA9$ AS FOLL[S3 

,HE ALSO CONDEMNS ! BOMB+ ( ! ,NOR?4 ,! ,U,S ,AIR ,=CE 9 #aife WAS HAV+ GREAT BUDGET>Y PROBLEMS1 BECAUSE ! >MY WAS ! ONLY ONE ?AT HAD A W> ON ITS H&S & WAS ?US GETT+ ALL ! MONEY4 ',SO ! ,AIR ,=CE HAD TO GET 91 & Y\ HAD ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM 444 ! BUDGET>Y PROBLEMS ( ! ,AIR ,=CE W]E !N SOLV$4' 

,9 HIS ,NO ,EXIT ,FROM ,VIETNAM 7#a#i#f#i71 HE EXPLA9S MORE GRAPHICALLY ! ATTRACTIV5ESS ( AIR P[]3 

,ONE CAN SO EASILY IMAG9E ! COMM&] ( ! ,/RATEGIC ,AIR ,COMM& /RID+ UP & D[N HIS OP]ATIONS ROOM WOND]+ H[ HE C\LD GET 9 ON ! ACT4 ,) ALL ?AT P[] AVAILABLE & AN 5ORM\S 9VE/M5T DO+ NO?+1 IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT REASONS & MEANS HAD TO BE F\ND = !IR 5GAGEM5T4 ,! W> WAS !RE=E WAG$ 9 A MANN] :I* 5ABL$ ?IS MASSIVE AIR >MADA TO BE US$ R\ND ! CLOCK4 444 ,9 ?IS WAY ! W> C\LD BE F\<T AS AN ,AM]ICAN W> )\T ! PREVI\S FRU/RATIONS ( COOP]AT+ ) ! ,VIETNAMESE4 

,OR CONSID] ! EXPLANATION = ! BOMB+ ( ! ,NOR? (F]$ BY ,ADAM ,Y>MOL9SKY1 ,PR9CIPAL ,DEPUTY ,ASSI/ANT ,SECRET>Y ( ,DEF5SE = ,9T]NATIONAL ,SECURITY ,AFFAIRS1 #a#i#f#e-#f1 PREVI\SLY ,SPECIAL ,ASSI/ANT TO ! ,SECRET>Y ( ,DEF5SE4 ,ACCORD+ TO HIS ANALYSIS1 ! /RATEGIC BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM 'PRODUC$ NO MILIT>Y ADVANTAGES EXCEPT = ITS PUTATIVE FAVORABLE IMPACT ON MORALE 9 ! S\?4 ,BUT .<?IS /EP.> WAS TAK51 AT LEA/ 9 P>T1 BECAUSE IT WAS ONE ( ! ?+S ?AT ! ,U,S MILIT>Y =CES W]E BE/ PREP>$ TO DO4'.<#b.> 

,SO ,NOR? ,VIETNAM WAS FLATT5$ & IMPELL$ TO S5D TROOPS TO ! ,S\?1 AS IT DID A FEW MON?S AFT] ! BOMB+ BEGAN1 IF ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,DEF5SE CAN BE BELIEV$4 

,S9CE ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM 'PRODUC$ NO MILIT>Y ADVANTAGES' & WAS EXTREMELY CO/LY1 IT C\LD BE /OPP$ ) LITTLE DIFFICULTY & LITTLE EFFECT ON ! ,AM]ICAN W> 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM4 ,& SO IT WAS1 9 TWO /EPS3 ON #a ,APRIL #a#i#f#h1 :5 ! REGUL> BOMB+ WAS RE/RICT$ TO ! S\!RN P>T ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM1 & ON #a ,NOVEMB]1 :5 IT WAS HALT$4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! TOTAL ,AM]ICAN BOMB+1 N[ RE/RICT$ TO ,LAOS & ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 WAS 9CREAS$ 9 ,APRIL & 9CREAS$ AGA9 9 ,NOVEMB]4 ,BY ,M>* #aifi ! TOTAL LEVEL ( BOMB>DM5T HAD REA*$ #a#c1 TONS A MON? - NE>LY TWO ,HIRO%IMAS A WEEK 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM & ,LAOS1 DEF5SELESS C\NTRIES4 ,& ,MELV9 ,LAIRD'S PROJECTION = ! NEXT TWELVE TO EI<TE5 MON?S WAS ! SAME4.<#c.> ,! R$I/RIBUTION 7& 9T5SIFICATION7 ( BOMB+ & ! L>GELY EMPTY NEGOTIATIONS /ILL$ DOME/IC PROTE/ = A TIME & P]MITT$ ! W> TO GO ON AS BE=E4 

,WE CAN N[ LOOK BACK OV] ! FAILURE ( ! 'PEACE MOVEM5T' TO SU/A9 & 9T5SIFY ITS PROTE/ OV] ! PA/ F\R YE>S4 ,BY N[1 DEFOLIATION HAS BE5 C>RI$ \T OV] AN >EA ! SIZE ( ,MASSA*USETTS1 ) :AT EFFECT NO ONE HAS ANY REAL IDEA4 ,! BOMB>DM5T ( ,VIETNAM F> EXCE$S ! BOMB>DM5T ( ,KOREA OR ANY?+ 9 ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>4 ,! NUMB] ( ,VIETNAMESE KILL$ OR DRIV5 FROM !IR HOMES CANNOT BE S]I\SLY E/IMAT$4 

,IT IS IMPORTANT TO UND]/& ?AT ! MASSACRE ( ! RURAL POPULATION ( ,VIETNAM & !IR =C$ EVACUATION IS NOT AN ACCID5TAL BYPRODUCT ( ! W>4 ,RA!R IT IS ( ! V]Y ESS5CE ( ,AM]ICAN /RATEGY4 ,! !ORY BEH9D IT HAS BE5 EXPLA9$ ) GREAT CL>ITY & EXPLICITNESS1 = EXAMPLE BY ,PR(ESSOR ,SAMUEL ,HUNT+TON1 ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ,DEP>TM5T AT ,H>V>D & AT ! TIME 7#a#i#f#h7 ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,C\NCIL ON ,VIETNAMESE ,/UDIES ( ! ,S\!A/ ,ASIA ,DEVELOPM5T ,ADVISORY ,GR\P1 ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE TO ! ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T4 ,WRIT+ 9 ,=EIGN ,AFFAIRS1 HE EXPLA9S ?AT ! ,VIET ,CONG IS 'A P[]FUL =CE :I* CANNOT BE DISLODG$ FROM ITS CON/ITU5CY SO LONG AS ! CON/ITU5CY CONT9UES TO EXI/'4 ,! CONCLUSION IS OBVI\S1 & HE DOES NOT %R9K FROM IT4 ',WE CAN 5SURE ?AT ! CON/ITU5CY CEASES TO EXI/ BY 0DIRECT APPLICATION ( ME*ANICAL & CONV5TIONAL P[]0444 ON SU* A MASSIVE SCALE AS TO PRODUCE A MASSIVE MIGRATION FROM C\NTRYSIDE TO CITY'1 :]E ! ,VIET ,CONG CON/ITU5CY - ! RURAL POPULATION - CAN1 IT IS HOP$1 BE CONTROLL$ 9 REFUGEE CAMPS & SUBURBAN SLUMS >\ND ,SAIGON4 

,TE*NICALLY1 ! PROCESS IS KN[N AS 'URBANIZATION' OR 'MOD]NIZATION'4 ,IT IS DESCRIB$1 ) ! PROP] CONTEMPT1 BY ,DANIEL ,ELLSB]G1 A ,DEP>TM5T ( ,DEF5SE CONSULTANT ON PACIFICATION 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 :O CONCLUDES1 FROM HIS EXT5SIVE ON-!-SPOT OBS]VATIONS1 ?AT 'WE HAVE1 ( C\RSE1 DEMOLI%$ ! SOCIETY ( ,VIETNAM'1 ?AT '! BOMB+ ( ! ,S\? HAS GONE ON LONG 5\< TO DISRUPT ! SOCIETY ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM 5ORM\SLY & PROBABLY P]MAN5TLY'2 HE SPEAKS ( ! 'PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 DRIV5 TO ,SAIGON BY :AT ,HUNT+TON REG>DS AS \R 0MOD]NIZ+ 9/RUM5TS0 9 ,VIETNAM1 BOMBS & >TILL]Y'4.<#d.> ,REPORT]S HAVE LONG BE5 AW>E ( ! NATURE ( !SE TACTICS1 AW>E ?AT 'BY N[ ! %E] WEI<T ( YE>S ( FIREP[]1 MASSIVE SWEEPS1 & GR& =C$ POPULATION %IFTS HAVE R$UC$ ! POPULATION BASE ( ! 444444'.<#e.> SO ?AT CONCEIVABLY1 BY BRUTE =CE1 WE MAY /ILL HOPE TO 'W9'4 

,ONE ?+ IS CLE>3 SO LONG AS AN ORGANIZ$ SOCIAL LIFE CAN BE MA9TA9$ 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 ! ,N,L,F WILL BE A P[]FUL1 PROBABLY DOM9ANT1 =CE4 ,?IS IS ! DILEMMA :I* HAS ALWAYS PLAGU$ ,AM]ICAN POLICY1 & :I* HAS MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE = US TO P]MIT EV5 ! MO/ RUDIM5T>Y DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM4 ,= !SE REASONS WE HAVE BE5 =C$ TO ! SOLUTION \TL9$ BY ,PR(ESSOR ,HUNT+TON3 TO CRU% ! PEOPLE'S W>1 WE MU/ ELIM9ATE ! PEOPLE4 

,A SECOND ?+ IS TOL]ABLY CLE>3 !RE HAS BE5 NO MODIFICATION 9 ?IS POLICY4 ,ONCE AGA91 AS TWO YE>S AGO1 !RE IS M\NT+ POPUL> PROTE/ AGA9/ ! W>4 ,ONCE AGA91 A TACTICAL ADJU/M5T IS BE+ DEVIS$ ?AT WILL P]MIT ,WA%+TON TO PURSUE ITS DUAL GOAL1 TO PACIFY ! PEOPLE ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM :ILE PACIFY+ ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE ALSO4 ,! FIR/ ( !SE TASKS HAS NOT BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ TOO WELL4 ,! SECOND1 TO \R %AME1 HAS BE5 MANAG$ QUITE SUCCESSFULLY1 = ! MO/ P>T4 ,N[1 WE HE> ?AT ! BURD5 ( FI<T+ ! W> IS TO BE %IFT$ AWAY FROM ! ,AM]ICAN 9FANTRY TO ! ,B#e#bS & FI<T]-BOMB]S & A M]C5>Y =CE ( ,VIETNAMESE4 ,ONLY A TOK5 =CE1 ( BETWE5 #b1 & #c1 M51 BACK$ BY ! ,PACIFIC ,NAVAL & ,AIR COMM&1 WILL BE RETA9$1 9DEF9ITELY1 TO 5SURE ?AT ! ,VIETNAMESE HAVE ! RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION4 

,AT A REC5T PRESS CONF]5CE1 ,AV]ELL ,H>RIMAN EXPLA9$ ?AT ! ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE CANNOT BELIEVE ?AT WE REALLY 9T5D TO AB&ON ! HUGE MILIT>Y BASES WE HAVE CON/RUCT$ 9 ,VIETNAM1 SU* AS ! ONE AT ,CAM ,RANH ,BAY 7,VILLAGE ,VOICE1 #bg ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i74 ,KN[L$GEABLE ,AM]ICAN OBS]V]S HAVE F\ND IT EQUALLY DIFFICULT TO BELIEVE ?IS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 AS LONG AGO AS #bg ,AUGU/ #a#i#f#e1 ,JAMES ,RE/ON WROTE 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES3 

,U,S BASES & SUPPLY >EAS >E BE+ CON/RUCT$ ON A SCALE F> L>G] ?AN IS NECESS>Y TO C>E = ! PRES5T LEVEL ( ,AM]ICAN =CES 9 FACT1 ! ,U,S BASE AT ,CAM ,RANH 444 IS BE+ DEVELOP$ 9TO ANO!R ,OK9AWA1 NOT M]ELY = ! PURPOSES ( ?IS W>1 BUT AS A MAJOR P[] COMPLEX FROM :I* ,AM]ICAN (FICIALS HOPE A WID] ALLIANCE ( ,ASIAN NATIONS1 ) ! HELP ( ! ,U,S1 WILL EV5TUALLY BE ABLE TO CONTA9 ! EXPANSION ( ,*9A4 

,! PHRASE 'CONTA9 ! EXPANSION ( ,*9A' MU/ BE UND]/OOD AS CODE = ! UNPRON\NCEABLE EXPRESSION3 'REPRESS MOVEM5TS = NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE & SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION 9 ,S\!A/ ,ASIA'4 

,PREMI] ,EISAKU ,SATO1 9 A SPEE* DESCRIB$ BY ,AM]ICAN (FICIALS AS P>T ( A JO9T ,JAPANESE-,AM]ICAN POLICY /ATEM5T1 ANN\NC$ ?AT WE >E 5T]+ A 'NEW ,PACIFIC AGE' 9 :I* 'A NEW ORD] WILL BE CREAT$ BY ,JAPAN & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES' 7,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 #bb ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i74 ,HIS WORDS1 ONE MU/ ASSUME1 W]E *OS5 ADVIS$LY4 ,TO P]PETUATE ?IS NEW ORD] WE WILL NE$ MILIT>Y BASES SU* AS ?AT AT ,CAM ,RANH ,BAY1 :I* CAN PLAY ! ROLE ( ! ,CANAL ,ZONE 9 ! WE/]N HEMISPH]E4 ,!RE WE CAN BASE \R [N =CES & TRA9 ?OSE ( \R LOYAL DEP5D5CIES4 

,WE WILL NO D\BT SOON PROCE$ TO CON/RUCT AN '9T]-,ASIAN' >MY ?AT CAN PROTECT HELPLESS GOV]NM5TS FROM !IR [N POPULATIONS1 MU* AS ! ,BRAZILIANS W]E CALL$ 9 TO LEGITIMIZE \R ,DOM9ICAN 9T]V5TION4 ,:]E POPUL> REBELLION IS 9 PROGRESS1 !SE =CES CAN GA9 VALUABLE EXP]I5CE4 ,?US A S5IOR ,AM]ICAN (FIC] AT ,CAMP ,BE>CAT 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 :]E ,?AI UNITS >E BAS$1 EXPLA9S ?AT '!Y >E 9FUS+ !IR >MY ) EXP]I5CE !Y C\LD NEV] GET 9 !IR [N HOMEL&4444 ,!Y >E COORD9AT+ !IR [N PIECE ( REAL E/ATE'4 ,& A ,?AI COLONEL ADDS3 ',IF MY C\NTRY EV] HAS ! SAME SUBV]SION1 ,I'LL HAVE TO FI<T !RE4 ,I WANT TO PRACTICE H]E' 7,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 #c ,DECEMB] #a#i#f#i74 ,SURELY ,RE/ON WAS RI<T 9 #aife 9 SPECULAT+ AB\T \R LONG-RANGE PLANS = ! ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE BASES1 FROM :I* \R 'TOK5 =CE' ( A QU>T] ( A MILLION M5 WILL OP]ATE 9 ! #a#i#gS4.<#f.> 

,:O CAN COMPLA9 AB\T A QU>T] ( A MILLION M51 A =CE ?AT CAN BE COMP>$1 LET US SAY1 ) ! ,JAPANESE >MY ( #a#f1 :I* 9VAD$ ,NOR? ,*9A 9 #a#i#c#g1 9 AN ACT ( AGGRESSION ?AT SC&ALIZ$ ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD & SET ! /AGE = ! ,PACIFIC PHASE ( ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>8 ,9 FACT1 C\NT]9SURG5CY EXP]TS LIKE ,SIR ,ROB]T ,?OMPSON HAVE LONG >GU$ ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN =CES W]E F> TOO L>GE TO BE EFFECTIVE1 & HAVE ADVOCAT$ A 'L[-CO/1 LONG-HAUL /RATEGY' ( A SORT :I* WILL N[ V]Y LIKELY BE ADOPT$ BY ! ,NIXON ADM9I/RATION1 IF1 ONCE AGA91 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE WILL TRU/ !IR LEAD]S & SETTLE 9TO PASSIVITY4 

,AS ,AM]ICAN COMBAT TROOPS >E )DRAWN1 !IR PLACE1 IT IS HOP$1 WILL BE TAK5 BY A MORE EFFECTIVE =CE ( ,VIETNAMESE - JU/ AS ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA IS CONTROLL$1 IT IS REPORT$1 BY FEW] ?AN #a1 ,RUSSIAN TROOPS4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! W> WILL NO D\BT BE ESCALAT$ TE*NOLOGICALLY4 ,IT WILL BECOME MORE 'CAPITAL 9T5SIVE'4.<#g.> ,SOME ( ! PROSPECTS W]E REVEAL$ 9 A SPEE* BY ,*IEF ( ,/AFF ,WILLIAM ,WE/MOREL&1 REPORT$ 9 ! ,*RI/IAN ,SCI5CE ,MONITOR 7#b#e-#g ,OCTOB] #a#i#f#i7 UND] ! HEAD+3 ',TE*NOLOGICALLY ! ,VIETNAM W> HAS BE5 A GREAT SUCCESS4' ,G5]AL ,WE/MOREL& 'SEES MA*9ES C>RY+ MORE & MORE ( ! BURD5'4 ,HE SAYS3 

,I SEE AN >MY BUILT 9TO & >\ND AN 9TEGRAT$ >EA CONTROL SY/EM ?AT EXPLOITS ! ADVANC$ TE*NOLOGY ( COMMUNICATIONS1 S5SORS1 FIRE DIRECTION1 & ! REQUIR$ AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESS+ - A SY/EM ?AT IS S5SITIVE TO ! DYNAMICS ( ! EV]-*ANG+ BATTLEFIELD - A SY/EM ?AT MAT]IALLY ASSI/S ! TACTICAL COMM&] 9 MAK+ S\ND & TIMELY DECISIONS4 

,FUR!R DETAILS >E PRES5T$ BY ,LEON>D ,SULLIVAN1 ,DEPUTY ,DIRECTOR ( ,RESE>* & ,DEVELOPM5T = ,S\?-EA/ ,ASIAN ,MATT]S3.<#h.> 

,!SE DEVELOPM5TS OP5 UP SOME V]Y EXCIT+ HORIZONS AS TO :AT WE CAN DO FIVE OR T5 YE>S FROM N[4 ,:5 ONE REALIZES ?AT WE CAN DETECT ANY?+ ?AT P]SPIRES1 MOVES1 C>RIES METAL1 MAKES A NOISE1 OR IS HOTT] OR COLD] ?AN ITS SURR\ND+S1 ONE BEG9S TO SEE ! POT5TIAL4 ,?IS IS ! BEG9N+ ( 9/RUM5TATION ( ! 5TIRE BATTLEFIELD4 ,EV5TUALLY1 WE WILL BE ABLE TO TELL :5 ANYBODY %OOTS1 :AT HE IS %OOT+ AT1 & :]E HE WAS %OOT+ FROM4 ,Y\ BEG9 TO GET A ',YE> #b' VISION ( AN ELECTRONIC MAP ) LITTLE LI<TS ?AT FLA% = DIFF]5T K9DS ( ACTIVITY4 ,?IS IS :AT WE REQUIRE = ?IS 'POR\S' W>1 :]E ! FRI5DLY & ! 5EMY >E ALL MIX$ TOGE!R4 

,NOTE ! TIME SCALE ?AT IS PROJECT$ = ,VIETNAM4 ,NEWS REPORTS REVEAL SOME ( ! E>LY /AGES ( !SE EXCIT+ DEVELOPM5TS4 ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 #bb ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i1 REPORTS A PLAN TO USE REMOTE-CONTROLL$ UNMANN$ AIRCRAFT AS SUPPLY TRANSPORTS = COMBAT >EAS4 ,ON #a ,OCTOB] #aifi ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES EXPLA9S ?AT3 

,! L&SCAPE ( ,VIETNAM & ! BORD] REGIONS >E /UDD$ ) ELECTRONIC S5SORS ?AT BEEP 9=MATION 9TO ! BANKS ( COMPUT]S4 ,RAD>1 CAM]AS1 9FR>$ DETECTORS & A GR[+ >RAY ( MORE EXOTIC DEVICES CONTRIBUTE TO ! MASS ( 9=MATION4 ,NOT LONG AGO RECONNAISSANCE PLANES BEGAN C>RY+ TELEVISION CAM]AS4 

,! DATA GO 9TO ! ,COMB9$ ,9TELLIG5CE ,C5T] NE> ,TANSONNHUT ,AIR ,BASE3 ',DAY & NI<T 9 ITS ANTISEPTIC 9T]IOR A FAMILY ( BL9K+1 :IRR+ COMPUT]S DEV\RS1 DIGE/S & SPEWS \T A ,G>GANTUAN DIET ( 9=MATION AB\T ! 5EMY'1 ! BETT] TO S]VE ! 'CONGLOM]ATE ( ALLI$ CIVIL & MILIT>Y ORGANIZATIONS ?AT WORK TOGE!R TO DE/ROY ! ,VIETCONG'S UND]GR\ND GOV]NM5T' - FREELY ADMITT$ TO HAVE BE5 ! MO/ AU!NTIC POPUL> SOCIAL /RUCTURE 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM PRIOR TO ! ,AM]ICAN EF=T TO DEMOLI% ! SOCIETY ( ,VIETNAM4 ,ONE CAN UND]/& ! GLOAT+ ( ,D\GLAS ,PIKE3 ',! TACTICS ?AT DELIV]$ VICTORY 9 ! ,VIET ,M9H W>1 H[EV] IMPRESSIVE ONCE1 HAD BE5 RELEGAT$ BY SCI5CE TO ! MILIT>Y HI/ORY TEXTBOOK4'.<#i.> 

,:AT ?IS MEANS IS1 TO PUT IT SIMPLY1 ?AT WE 9T5D TO TURN ! L& ( ,VIETNAM 9TO AN AUTOMAT$ MURD] MA*9E4 ,! TE*NIQUES ( :I* ,WE/MOREL&1 ,SULLIVAN & ,PIKE >E SO PR\D >E1 ( C\RSE1 DESIGN$ = USE AGA9/ A SPECIAL K9D ( 5EMY3 ONE :O IS TOO WEAK TO RETALIATE1 :OSE L& CAN BE OCCUPI$4 ,!SE ',YE> #b' DEVICES1 :I* ,WE/MOREL& DESCRIBES AS A QUANTUM JUMP 9 W>F>E1 >E FIT ONLY = COLONIAL W>S4 ,!RE IS SURELY AN ELEM5T ( LUNACY 9 ?IS TE*NOCRATIC NI<TM>E4 ,& IF WE >E /ILL AT ALL CAPABLE ( HONE/Y1 WE WILL1 ) LITTLE DIFFICULTY1 ID5TIFY ITS ANTEC$5TS4 

,\R SCI5CE MAY YET SUCCE$ 9 BR++ TO REALITY ! FE>S ( ,B]N>D ,FALL - NO AL>MI/1 & FUNDAM5TALLY 9 FAVOR ( ! W> DUR+ ITS E>LY YE>S - :O WROTE 9 ONE ( HIS LA/ ESSAYS ?AT ',VIETNAM AS A CULTURAL & HI/ORIC 5TITY 444 IS ?REAT5$ ) EXT9CTION 444 ! C\NTRYSIDE LIT]ALLY DIES UND] ! BL[S ( ! L>GE/ MILIT>Y MA*9E EV] UNLEA%$ ON AN >EA ( ?IS SIZE'4 ,! ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE ,M9I/] ( ,9=MATION WROTE 9 #aifh ?AT ORD9>Y ,VIETNAMESE W\LD CONT9UE 'TO BE HORRIFI$ & EMBITT]$ AT ! WAY ! ,AM]ICANS FI<T !IR W>4444 ,\R PEASANTS WILL REMEMB] !IR CRAT]$ RICE FIELDS & DEFOLIAT$ =E/S1 DEVA/AT$ BY AN ALI5 AIR =CE ?AT SEEMS AT W> ) ! V]Y L& ( ,VIETNAM'4.<#a.> 

,AM]ICAN REPORT]S HAVE TOLD US ! SAME ?+ SO (T5 ?AT IT IS ALMO/ SUP]FLU\S TO QUOTE4 ,TOM ,BUCKLEY - TO M5TION ONLY ! MO/ REC5T - DESCRIBES ! DELTA & ! C5TRAL L[L&S3 

444 BOMB CRAT]S BEYOND C\NT+1 ! DEAD GRAY & BLACK FIELDS1 =E/S ?AT HAVE BE5 DEFOLIAT$ & SCOR*$ BY NAPALM1 L& ?AT HAS BE5 PL[$ FLAT TO DE/ROY ,VIETCONG HID+ PLACES4 ,& EV]Y:]E CAN BE SE5 ! PILES ( A%ES =M+ ! \TL9ES ( HUTS & H\SES1 TO %[ :]E HAMLETS ONCE /OOD4.<#a#a.> 

,! TRU? AB\T DEFOLIANTS IS ONLY BEG9N+ TO EM]GE1 ) ! DISCOV]Y ?AT ONE ( ! TWO PRIM>Y AG5TS US$ IS 'POT5TIALLY DANG]\S1 BUT NE$+ FUR!R /UDY' :ILE ! O!R CAUSES CANC] & BIR? DEFECTS1 & PROBABLY M5TAL RET>DATION4 ,BO? WILL CONT9UE TO BE US$ 9 ,VIETNAM AGA9/ 5EMY 'TRA9+ & REGR\PM5T C5T]S' - I4E4 ANY:]E WE PLEASE1 ?R\<\T ! C\NTRYSIDE4.<#a#b.> 

,( C\RSE IT MAY BE >GU$ ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T DID NOT KN[1 9 #a#i#f#a1 ?AT !SE AG5TS W]E SO DANG]\S4 ,?AT IS TRUE4 ,IT WAS M]ELY AN EXP]IM5T4 ,VIRTUALLY NO?+ WAS KN[N AB\T :AT ! EFFECTS MI<T BE4 ,P]HAPS !RE W\LD BE NO ILL EFFECTS1 OR P]HAPS - AT ! O!R EXTREME - ,VIETNAM W\LD BECOME UNFIT = HUMAN LIFE1 OR A RACE ( MUTANTS & M5TAL RET>DATES W\LD BE CREAT$4 ,H[ C\LD WE KN[1 )\T TRY+8 ,9 SU* WAYS '! TACTICS ?AT DELIV]$ VICTORY 9 ! ,VIET ,M9H W>1 H[EV] IMPRESSIVE ONCE1 HAD BE5 RELEGAT$ BY SCI5CE TO ! MILIT>Y HI/ORY TEXTBOOK'4 

,TO SEE :AT MAY LIE AHEAD1 ,I'D LIKE TO TURN AWAY FROM ,VIETNAM TO A LESS FAMILI> CASE4 ,IT HAS BE5 CLAIM$ ?AT ,VIETNAM IS ! SECOND MO/ HEAVILY BOMB>D$ C\NTRY 9 HI/ORY4 ,! MO/ 9T5SIVELY BOMB>D$1 SO IT SEEMS1 IS ,LAOS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,LE ,MONDE1 ',NOR? ,VIETNAM WAS MORE HEAVILY BOMB$ ?AN ,KOREA2 ,LAOS IS N[ BE+ BOMB$ EV5 MORE ?AN ,NOR? ,VIETNAM4 ,& ?IS BATT]+ HAS BE5 GO+ ON = OV] FIVE YE>S4 444 ,! ,U,S ,AIR ,=CE C>RIES \T MORE ?AN #a#b1#e RAIDS A MON?4'.<#a#c.> ,ON ! SAME DAY1 #a ,OCTOB] #a#i#f#i1 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES ANN\NC$ ITS DISCOV]Y ?AT 9 ,LAOS1 '! REBEL ECONOMY & SOCIAL FABRIC' >E N[ ! MA9 T>GET ( ! ,AM]ICAN BOMB>DM5T1 :I* IS CLAIM$ TO BE A SUCCESS3 

,REFUGEES FROM ! ,PLA9E DES ,J>RES >EA SAY ?AT DUR+ REC5T MON?S MO/ OP5 SPACES HAVE BE5 EVACUAT$4 ,BO? CIVILIANS & SOLDI]S HAVE RETREAT$ 9TO ! =E/S OR HILLS & FREQU5TLY SP5D MO/ ( ! DAYLI<T H\RS 9 CAVES OR TUNNELS4 ,REFUGEES SAID !Y C\LD ONLY PL[ !IR FIELDS AT NI<T BECAUSE !Y W]E UNSAFE DUR+ ! DAY4 ',SO LONG AS ! ,U,S BOMB+ CONT9UES AT ITS NEW LEVEL1' A ,EUROPEAN DIPLOMAT SAID H]E ?IS WEEK1 'SO-CALL$ ,COMMUNI/ T]RITORY IS LITTLE BUT A %OOT+ RANGE4444' ,! BOMB+1 BY CREAT+ REFUGEES1 DEPRIVES ! ,COMMUNI/S ( !IR *IEF S\RCE ( FOOD & TRANSPORT4 ,! POPULATION ( ! ,PA!T ,LAO ZONE HAS BE5 DECL9+ = SEV]AL YE>S & ! ,PA!T ,LAO F9D IT 9CREAS+LY DIFFICULT TO FI<T A 'PEOPLE'S W>' ) FEW] & FEW] PEOPLE4 

,! WORLD'S MO/ ADVANC$ SOCIETY HAS F\ND ! ANSW] TO PEOPLE'S W>3 ELIM9ATE ! PEOPLE4 

,IT IS1 9CID5TALLY1 REM>KABLE ?AT ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES CAN SO BL&LY ANN\NCE ?AT ! REBEL ECONOMY & SOCIAL FABRIC >E ! MA9 T>GET ( ! ,AM]ICAN BOMB>DM5T4 ,IT IS REM>KABLE ?AT ?IS CLAIM1 :I*1 IF CORRECT1 SETS ,AM]ICAN POLICY AT ! MORAL LEVEL ( ,NAZI ,G]MANY1 CAN BE M]ELY NOT$ 9 A CASUAL COMM5T1 ) - SO F> AS ,I KN[ - NO PUBLIC REACTION ( HORROR & 9DIGNATION4 

,/ILL1 IT IS GOOD ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN PRESS HAS DISCOV]$ ?AT ! REBEL ECONOMY & SOCIAL FABRIC >E ! T>GET ( ! ,AM]ICAN BOMB>DM5T ( ,LAOS4 ,P]HAPS WE WILL BE SP>$ ! PRET5SE ?AT \R T>GETS >E /EEL & CONCRETE1 OR ?AT ! BOMB+ IS '! MO/ RE/RA9$ 9 MOD]N W>F>E' 7AS ,MC,GEORGE ,BUNDY SO ELEGANTLY PUT IT AT ! TIME :5 VIRTUALLY EV]Y /RUCTURE 9 ,NOR? ,VIETNAM1 \TSIDE ( ! C5T]S ( ,HANOI & ,HAIPHONG1 WAS BE+ DEMOLI%$74 

,! DISCOV]Y HAS BE5 MY/]I\SLY DELAY$4 ,= EXAMPLE1 9 ,JULY #a#i#f#h1 ! S\?-EA/ ,ASIA EXP]T ( ,LE ,MONDE1 ,JACQUES ,DECORNOY1 PUBLI%$ DETAIL$ REPORTS ( HIS VISITS TO ! LIB]AT$ >EAS ( ,LAOS3 'A WORLD )\T NOISE1 = ! SURR\ND+ VILLAGES HAVE DISAPPE>$1 ! 9HABITANTS !MSELVES LIV+ HIDD5 9 ! M\NTA9S 444 IT IS DANG]\S TO LEAN \T AT ANY TIME ( ! NI<T OR DAY' BECAUSE ( ! CEASELESS BOMB>DM5T :I* LEADS TO '! SCI5TIFIC DE/RUCTION ( ! >EAS HELD BY ! 5EMY'4 ',! ,AM]ICANS >E TRY+ TO 0BREAK0 ! ,LAOTIAN ,LEFT1 BO? PSY*OLOGICALLY & IF POSSIBLE1 PHYSICALLY4' ,! NATURE ( !IR REL5TLESS ATTACK 'CAN ONLY BE EXPLA9$ IF ! T>GET IS ! C5TRAL ADM9I/RATION ( ! ,NEO ,LAO ,HAKSAT' - ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ?AT WON H&ILY 9 #aieh 9 ! ONLY UNRIGG$ ELECTION 9 ,LAOS4 ,?IS ELECTORAL VICTORY 9SPIR$ ! ,AM]ICAN EF=T AT SUBV]SION ?AT L$ TO ! ,LAOTIAN CRISIS 9 ! E>LY SIXTIES1 :I* /ILL P]SI/S4 

,DECORNOY DESCRIBES '! MOTIONLESS RU9S & DES]T$ H\SES' ( ! C5TRAL T[N ( ,SAM-,NEUA DI/RICT3 

,! FIR/ REAL RAID AGA9/ ! POPULATION C5T] ITSELF WAS LAUN*$ ON #ai ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#f#e4 ,V]Y S]I\S ATTACKS W]E MADE ON IT QUITE REC5TLY ON #ag & #ai ,M>* #a#i#f#h4444 ,! TWO 5DS ( ! T[N W]E RAZ$ TO ! GR\ND4 ,! OLD RU9S ( #aife HAVE DISAPPE>$1 ?OSE ( ,M>* #aifh W]E /ILL 'SMOK+' :5 WE VISIT$ !M4 ,BRAN*ES ( TREES LAY ALL ALONG ! L5G? ( ! RIV]1 H\SES W]E TOTALLY BURN$ \T 7PHOSPHORUS HAD BE5 US$74 ,AT ! O!R 5D ( ,SAM-,NEUA1 ! SI<T WAS EV5 MORE PA9FUL4 ,EV]Y:]E 5ORM\S CRAT]S1 ! *UR* & MANY H\SES W]E DEMOLI%$4 ,9 ORD] TO REA* ! PEOPLE :O MI<T BE LIV+ !RE1 ! ,AM]ICANS DROPP$ !IR ALL-TOO-FAM\S FRAGM5TATION BOMBS4 ,H]E LAY A 'MO!R BOMB' DISEMB[EL$1 BY ! SIDE ( ! ROAD4 ,ALL R\ND1 OV] A DOZ5 MET]S1 ! E>? WAS COV]$ ) 'DAU<T] BOMBS'1 LITTLE MA*9ES ?AT ! ,VIETNAMESE KN[ WELL1 UNEXPLOD$ & HID+ HUNDR$S ( /EEL SPL9T]S4 444 ,ONE ( ! (FICIALS ( ,SAM-,NEUA DI/RICT TOLD US ?AT BETWE5 ,FEBRU>Y #aife & ,M>* #a#i#f#h1 #fe VILLAGES HAD BE5 DE/ROY$4 ,A NUMB] IMPOSSIBLE TO V]IFY 9 A %ORT REPORT1 BUT IT IS A FACT ?AT BETWE5 ,SAM-,NEUA & A PLACE AB\T #c KILOMET]S AWAY :]E WE /AY$1 NO H\SE 9 ! VILLAGES & HAMLETS HAD BE5 SP>$4 ,BRIDGES HAD BE5 DE/ROY$1 FIELDS UP TO ! RIV]S W]E HOL$ ) BOMB CRAT]S4 

,DECORNOY REPORTS ?AT ',AM]ICAN RAIDS ON 0LIB]AT$ ,LAOS0 BEGAN 9 ,MAY #a#i#f#d1 !RE=E WELL BE=E ! ,GULF ( ,TONK9 9CID5T 7,AUGU/ #a#i#f#d7 & ! POLICY ( ESCALATION TO ,NOR? ,VIETNAM 7SPR+ #a#i#f#e74 ,= ?IS REASON1 ,LAOS HAS1 9 SOME WAYS1 S]V$ AS A TE/+ GR\ND OR EXP]IM5TAL SITE'4 ,HE DESCRIBES ! AMAZ+ P]SI/5CE ( ! ,LAOTIANS 9 MA9TA9+ & ADVANC+ ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 ! FACE ( ?IS ATTACK1 !IR 'VIRUL5T NATIONALISM' & REFUSAL TO FOLL[ =EIGN MODELS1 ! S*OOLS & FACTORIES 9 CAVES1 ! PROSP]ITY ( ! R>E VILLAGES ?AT HAVE /ILL1 = UNKN[N REASONS1 ESCAP$ DE/RUCTION4 ,F9ALLY HE QUOTES AN ,AM]ICAN DIPLOMAT 9 ,VI5TIANE :O SAYS3 ',TO MAKE PROGRESS 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO LEVEL EV]Y?+4 ,! 9HABITANTS MU/ GO BACK TO Z]O1 LOSE !IR TRADITIONAL CULTURE1 = IT BLOCKS EV]Y?+4' ,& ,DECORNOY COMM5TS3 ',! ,AM]ICANS ACCUSE ! ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE ( 9T]V5+ MILIT>ILY 9 ! C\NTRY1 BUT IT IS !Y :O TALK ( R$UC+ ,LAOS TO Z]O1 :ILE ! ,PA!T ,LAO EXALTS ! NATIONAL CULTURE & NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE4' 

,NO D\BT ,LAOS IS /ILL S]V+ AS A TE/+ GR\ND OR EXP]IM5TAL SITE = ! NEXT /AGE ( ! ,VIETNAM W>1 = \R NEW LONG-HAUL1 L[-CO/ POLICY4 ,IF ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE WILL ONLY TRU/ !IR LEAD]S1 P]HAPS !RE IS /ILL A *ANCE TO CRU% ! PEOPLE'S W> 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM BY ME?ODS ?AT WILL BE AS WELL CONCEAL$ AS HAVE BE5 ?OSE ( ! ,LAOTIAN W>4 

,! SECRET CAN BE KEPT4 ,AM]ICANS KN[ VIRTUALLY NO?+ AB\T ! BOMB+ ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM4 ,TO MY KN[L$GE1 !RE HAS BE5 ONLY ONE PRO-,WE/]N CORRESPOND5T :O HAS SP5T TIME 9 ! LIB]AT$ ZONES ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 ,KATSUI*I ,HONDA - & ,I AM SURE ?AT HIS REPORTS 9 ,ASAHI 9 ! FALL ( #aifg >E KN[N TO V]Y FEW ,AM]ICANS4.<#a#d.> ,HE DESCRIBES1 = EXAMPLE1 ! 9CESSANT ATTACKS ON UNDEF5D$ VILLAGES BY GUNBOATS 9 ! ,MEKONG RIV] & BY HELICOPT] GUN%IPS 'FIR+ AWAY AT R&OM AT F>MH\SES' 

,!Y SEEM$ TO FIRE :IMSICALLY & 9 PASS+ EV5 ?\< !Y W]E NOT BE+ %OT AT FROM ! GR\ND NOR C\LD !Y ID5TIFY ! PEOPLE AS ,N,L,F4 ,!Y DID IT IMPULSIVELY = FUN1 US+ ! F>M]S = T>GETS AS IF 9 A HUNT+ MOOD4 ,!Y >E HUNT+ ,ASIANS4444 ,?IS :IMSICAL FIR+ W\LD EXPLA9 ! REASON :Y ! SURGICAL W>DS 9 EV]Y HOSPITAL 9 ! T[NS ( ! ,MEKONG ,DELTA W]E FULL ( W\ND$4 

,HE IS SPEAK+1 NOTICE1 ( ! ,MEKONG ,DELTA1 :]E FEW ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE SOLDI]S W]E ID5TIFI$ UNTIL SEV]AL MON?S AFT] ! ,TET (F5SIVE1 :]E1 ACCORD+ TO ,AM]ICAN 9TELLIG5CE1 !RE W]E #h ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE TROOPS BE=E LA/ SUMM]2.<#a#e.> & :I* CONTA9$ SOME =TY P] C5T ( ! POPULATION ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM PRIOR TO ! ,AM]ICAN ASSAULT4 

,OCCASIONALLY SU* MAT]IAL F9DS ITS WAY TO ! ,AM]ICAN PRESS4 ,CONSID] AGA9 ! ,MEKONG ,DELTA4 ',9 ,M>* .<#a#i#f#i.> ALONE1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES #i? ,9FANTRY ,DIVISION REPORT$ ?AT IT KILL$ #c1#e#d ,VIET ,CONG TROOPS & SYMPA?IZ]S 9 ! NOR!RN DELTA .<&.> S5IOR (FIC]S CONFID5TLY =ECA/ ?AT !Y WILL CONT9UE TO KILL AT LEA/ #a A DAY WELL 9TO ! SUMM]4' ,! 'CONFLAGRATION 444 IS TE>+ ! SOCIAL FABRIC AP>T'4 ,9 'FREE-FIRE ZONES1 ! ,AM]ICANS C\LD BR+ TO BE> AT ANY TIME ! 5ORM\S FIREP[] AVAILABLE FROM HELICOPT] GUN%IPS1 BOMB]S & >TILL]Y 444 FI<T] BOMB]S & >TILL]Y P\ND ! 5EMY POSITIONS 9TO ! GRAY PORRIDGE ?AT ! GRE5 DELTA L& BECOMES :5 PULV]IZ$ BY HI< EXPLOSIVES'4.<#a#f.> 

,APP>5TLY ! P]=MANCE ( ! #i? ,DIVISION WAS NOT 5TIRELY SATISFACTORY1 H[EV]3 '444 4 9 ! ,MEKONG ,DELTA1 ,U,S MILIT>Y ADVIS]S AT ,MY ,?O TOLD A ,U,P,I CORRESPOND5T1 ,ROB]T ,KAYLOR1 ?AT ! GOV]NM5T'S PACIFICATION PROGRAM WAS /ILL BE+ HAMP]$ BY ! EFFECTS ( 9DISCRIM9ATE KILL+ ( CIVILIANS BY ,U,S #i? ,9FANTRY ,DIVISION TROOPS REC5TLY )DRAWN FROM ! >EA4 0,Y\ CAN'T EXACTLY EXPECT PEOPLE :O HAVE HAD P>TS ( !IR FAMILY BL[N AWAY BY ! #i? TO BE :OLEHE>T$LY ON \R SIDE10 SAID ! ,U,S S\RCE1 A MEMB] ( A PACIFICATION TEAM4'.<#a#g.> 

,9 ! ,MONITOR1 #ad ,OCTOB] #a#i#f#i1 !RE IS A FRONT PAGE /ORY REVIEW+ SU* EF=TS4 ,IT EXPLA9S ?AT '! PROPORTION ( ! C\NTRY 0PACIFI$0 HAS RIS5 ) ! FL[ ( PEASANTS TO RESETTLEM5T & REFUGEE >EAS'1 AL?\< ! ,VIET ,CONG 'CURR5TLY >E 9T5SIFY+ !IR CAMPAIGN TO DRIVE PEASANTS BACK TO !IR HOME >EAS :]E .<!Y.> HAVE A BETT] *ANCE ( CONTROLL+ !M'4 ,! PICTURE IS CLE>4 ,WE1 9 \R MAGNANIMITY1 >E US+ \R MOD]NIZ+ 9/RUM5TS1 BOMBS & >TILL]Y1 TO LEAD ! SUFF]+ PEASANTS TO ! PROMIS$ L& ( RESETTLEM5T & REFUGEE >EAS4 :ILE ! F]OCI\S ,VIET ,CONG - M]E 'VILLAGE ?UGS'1 AS ! ,M,I,T POLITICAL SCI5TI/1 ,I?IEL ,POOL1 EXPLA9S 9 ! J\RNAL ( ! ,G&HI ,PEACE ,F\NDATION - CRUELLY DRIVE !M BACK TO !IR HOMES4 ,! ,MONITOR >TICLE ALSO NOTES ?AT 'DESPITE YE>S ( ?\<T & EF=T1 (FICIALS H]E >E /ILL NOT AGRE$ ON H[ BE/ TO PACIFY A TR\BL$ L&4 ,9 ?OSE YE>S1 PACIFICATION HAS ADVANC$ FROM BE+ A !ORETICAL IDEAL - ?\< 9CONV5I5T - TO ! MORE IMPORTANT BUT SECOND-CLASS /ATUS ( BE+ 0! O!R W>0' - & A PROP] !ORETICAL EX]CISE = ,AM]ICAN SCI5TI/S & S*OL>S4 

,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 #bd ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#f#i1 PRES5TS AN EXAMPLE ( H[ PACIFICATION PROCE$S4 ,NOR?-WE/ ( ,SAIGON1 #g SOLDI]S 5CIRCL$ A VILLAGE1 KILL+ TW5TY-TWO & >RE/+ FIFTY-?REE4 ,IT WAS ! F\R? SU* OP]ATION 9 ?IS VILLAGE 9 FIFTE5 MON?S4 ,AS = ! VILLAG]S3 ',! ,VIET ,CONG >E EV]Y:]E1 !Y SAY1 & WILL BE BACK :5 ! ,AM]ICANS LEAVE4' ,AN ,AM]ICAN JUNIOR (FIC]1 LOOK+ AT ! DES]T$ C5TRAL M>KET1 HAD ?IS TO SAY3 

',!Y SAY ?IS VILLAGE IS #h P] C5T ,V,C SUPPORT]S4 ,BY ! TIME WE F9I% ?IS IT WILL BE #ie P] C5T4' ,SU* REPORTS >E H>DLY MORE NEWSWOR?Y ?AN A SMALL ITEM ( #bg ,SEPTEMB] :I* NOTES '?AT ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,>MY HELICOPT] GUN%IPS MI/AK5LY ATTACK$ A GR\P ( ,VIETNAMESE CIVILIANS #be MILES WE/ ( ,TAMKY ,TUESDAY1 KILL+ #ad CIVILIANS4 444 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HELICOPT] GUN%IPS KILL$ #g UN>M$ CIVILIANS & W\ND$ #ag O!RS 9 A SIMIL> 9CID5T #af ,SEPTEMB] 9 ! ,MEKONG DELTA4' ,IT IS NOT EASY TO AVOID SU* ACCID5TS AS WE TRY TO 5SURE ?AT ! ,VIET ,CONG CON/ITU5CY CEASES TO EXI/4 

,9 ,LOOK MAGAZ9E1 #ah ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i1 ,=EIGN ,$ITOR ,ROB]T ,MOSK9 DESCRIBES HIS VISIT TO A REFUGEE CAMP1 :I* 'TELLS P>T ( ! /ORY ( ,VIETNAM'S HOPELESSNESS'4 ,ITS #c1#a#b#e REFUGEES 7#b#d M57 W]E TRANSF]R$ TO ?IS 'DESOLATE S&-DUNE CAMP' 9 A MILIT>Y SWEEP LA/ SUMM] FROM AN ISL& ?AT WAS REG>D$ AS A ,V,C /RON<OLD3 ',! RE/ ( ! M5 >E /ILL HID+ ) ! ,V,C 9 ! TALL GRASS4' ,?IS IS 9 ,QUANG ,NAM PROV9CE1 :]E EV5 ! ,AM]ICAN (FICIALS 9 *>GE ADMIT ?AT ! BATTLE WAS LO/ 'TO ,VIET ,CONG =CES RECRUIT$ = ! MO/ P>T FROM )9 ! PROV9CE'4.<#a#h.> ,) AN HONE/Y ?AT O!RS W\LD DO WELL TO EMULATE1 ,MOSK9 /ATES ?AT 9 ,VIETNAM ',AM]ICA'S HI/ORIC WE/W>D-DRIV+ WAVE HAS CRE/$'4 

,) JU/ICE1 'A /AFF MAJOR .<( ! ,AM]ICAN #a/ ,DIVISION 9 ,*ULAI.> SAID3 0,WE >E AT W> ) ! #a-YE>-OLD *ILDR54 ,IT MAY NOT BE HUMANIT>IAN1 BUT ?AT'S :AT IT'S LIKE40 '.<#a#i.> 

,& N[ !RE IS ,SONG ,MY ',P9KVILLE'4 ,MORE ?AN TWO DECADES ( 9DOCTR9ATION & C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y 9T]V5TIONS HAVE CREAT$ ! POSSIBILITY ( A NAME LIKE ',P9KVILLE' - & ! ACTS ?AT MAY BE DONE 9 A PLACE SO NAM$4 ,ORVILLE & ,JONA?AN ,S*ELL HAVE PO9T$ \T.<#b.> :AT ANY LIT]ATE P]SON %\LD REALIZE1 ?AT ?IS WAS NO ISOLAT$ ATROCITY1 BUT ! LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( A VIRTUAL W> ( EXT]M9ATION DIRECT$ AGA9/ HELPLESS PEASANTS3 '5EMIES'1 'R$S'1 'D9KS'4 ,BUT !RE >E1 P]HAPS1 /ILL DEEP] ROOTS4 ,SOME TIME AGO1 ,I READ ) A SLI<T %OCK ! /ATEM5T BY ,EQBAL ,AHMAD ?AT ',AM]ICA HAS 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ EV5 ITS G5OCIDE'1 REF]R+ TO ! FACT ?AT ! EXT]M9ATION ( ! ,9DIANS 'HAS BECOME ! OBJECT ( PUBLIC 5T]TA9M5T & *ILDR5'S GAMES'4.<#b#a.> ,%ORTLY AFT]1 ,I WAS ?UMB+ ?R\< MY DAU<T]'S F\R?-GRADE SOCIAL SCI5CE READ]4.<#b#b.> ,! PROTAGONI/1 ,ROB]T1 IS TOLD ! /ORY ( ! EXT]M9ATION ( ! ,PEQUOT TRIBE BY ,CAPTA9 ,JOHN ,MASON3 

,HIS LITTLE >MY ATTACK$ 9 ! MORN+ BE=E IT WAS LI<T & TOOK ! ,PEQUOTS BY SURPRISE4 ,! SOLDI]S BROKE D[N ! /OCKADE ) !IR AXES1 RU%$ 9SIDE1 & SET FIRE TO ! WIGWAMS4 ,!Y KILL$ NE>LY ALL ! BRAVES1 SQUAWS1 & *ILDR51 & BURN$ !IR CORN & O!R FOOD4 ,!RE W]E NO ,PEQUOTS LEFT TO MAKE MORE TR\BLE4 ,:5 ! O!R ,9DIAN TRIBES SAW :AT GOOD FI<T]S ! :ITE M5 W]E1 !Y KEPT ! PEACE = MANY YE>S4 

,I WI% ,I W]E A MAN & HAD BE5 !RE1' ?\<T ,ROB]T4 

,NO:]E DOES ,ROB]T EXPRESS1 OR HE>1 SECOND ?\<TS AB\T ! MATT]4 ,! TEXT OMITS SOME O!R P]T95T REM>KS3 = EXAMPLE1 BY ,COTTON ,MA!R1 :O SAID ?AT 'IT WAS SUPPOS$ ?AT NO LESS ?AN SIX HUNDR$ ,PEQUOT S\LS W]E BR\<T D[N TO HELL ?AT DAY4'.<#b#c.> ,IS IT AN EXAGG]ATION TO SUGGE/ ?AT \R HI/ORY ( EXT]M9ATION & RACISM IS REA*+ ITS CLIMAX 9 ,VIETNAM TODAY8 ,IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ?AT ,AM]ICANS CAN EASILY PUT ASIDE4 

,! REVELATION ( ! ,SONG ,MY ATROCITY TO A WIDE PUBLIC APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 A BYPRODUCT ( ! ,NOVEMB] MOBILIZATION4 ,AS ,RI*>D ,L4 ,/R\T WROTE 9 ! ,MONITOR3 

,AM]ICAN PRESS SELF-C5SOR%IP ?W>T$ ,MR ,RID5H\R'S DISCLOSURES = A YE>4 ',NO ONE WANT$ TO GO 9TO IT1' HIS AG5T SAID ( TELEGRAMS S5T TO ,LIFE1 ,LOOK1 & ,NEWSWEEK MAGAZ9ES \TL9+ ALLEGATIONS4 

,EXCEPT = ! REC5T ANTIW> M>* 9 ,WA%+TON ! EV5T MI<T NOT HAVE BE5 PUBLICIZ$4 ,9 CONNECTION ) ! M>* A NEWS (F%OOT 7,DISPAT* ,NEWS ,S]VICE7 ( ! LEFT-W+ ,9/ITUTE ( ,POLICY ,/UDIES ( ?IS CITY AGGRESSIVELY TOLD & M>KET$ ! /ORY TO APPROXIMATELY #c ,U,S & ,CANADIAN NEWSPAP]S4.<#b#d.> 

,AP>T FROM ?IS1 IT PROBABLY W\LD HAVE DISAPPE>$ FROM HI/ORY1 ALONG ) :O KN[S :AT ELSE4 

,! FIR/ 9VE/IGATION BY ! ,P5TAGON 'REPORT$ ?AT ! C>NAGE WAS DUE TO >TILL]Y FIRE4 ,CIVILIAN CASUALTIES BY >TILL]Y FIRE AMONG HO/ILE VILLAGES >E SO COMMON ?AT ?IS EXPLANATION 5D$ ! 9QUIRY'4.<#b#e.> ,BUT ! MURD]$ ,VIETNAMESE W]E NOT ! VICTIMS ( >TILL]Y FIRE4 ,S9CE ! SOLDI]S LOOK$ 9TO ! FACES ( !IR VICTIMS1 ! 9QUIRY MU/ CONT9UE1 DESPITE ! DIFFICULTIES4 ,H5RY ,KAMM REPORT$ 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES ?AT3 

,! TASK ( ! 9VE/IGATORS IS COMPLICAT$ BY ! FACT ?AT LA/ ,JANU>Y1 MO/ ( ! 9HABITANTS ( ! P59SULA W]E =CIBLY EVACUAT$ BY ,AM]ICAN & ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE TROOPS 9 ! C\RSE ( A DRIVE TO CLE> ! >EA ( ,VIET ,CONG4 ,MORE ?AN #a#b1 P]SONS W]E REMOV$ FROM ,BATANGAN ,P59SULA BY HELICOPT]S & TAK5 TO A PROCESS+ CAMP NE> ?IS PROV9CIAL CAPITAL4 ,HEAVY ,AM]ICAN BOMB+ & >TILL]Y & NAVAL %ELL+ HAD DE/ROY$ MANY ( ! H\SES & =C$ !M TO LIVE 9 CAVES & BUNK]S = MANY MON?S BE=E ! EVACUATION4 444 ,AN ELABORATE 9T]ROGATION & SCRE5+ PROC$URE1 9 :I* ,AM]ICAN 9TELLIG5CE AG5TS W]E SAID TO HAVE TAK5 AN IMPORTANT P>T1 YIELD$ ONLY A HUNDR$ OR SO ACTIVE ,VIET ,CONG SUSPECTS4 ,MO/ ( ! PEOPLE W]E S5T TO A NEWLY E/ABLI%$ REFUGEE CAMP4 444 ,DESPITE ! EXT5SIVE MOVEM5T ( ! POPULATION & ! MILIT>Y OP]ATION1 ! ,VIET ,CONG REMA9 ACTIVE 9 ! >EA4.<#b#f.> 

,ON #bb ,NOVEMB]1 ,KAMM ADDS ! FUR!R 9=MATION ?AT '! NUMB] ( REFUGEES 0G5]AT$0 - ! T]M = ! PEOPLE =CIBLY DISLOCAT$ 9 ?IS PROCESS - EXCE$$ 9TELLIG5CE E/IMATES F\RFOLD'4 ',! #a#b11 9/EAD ( BE+ SCATT]$ 9 MANY HAMLETS :]E IT W\LD BE DIFFICULT TO KEEP \T ! ,VIET ,CONG1 >E N[ CONC5TRAT$ 9 SIX GU>D$1 CAMP-LIKE SETTLEM5TS4' 

,IT IS P]HAPS REM>KABLE ?AT NONE ( ?IS APPE>S TO OCCASION MU* CONC]N4 ,IT IS ONLY ! ACTS ( A COMPANY ( HALF-CRAZ$ ,G,IS ?AT >E REG>D$ AS A SC&AL1 A DISGRACE TO ,AM]ICA4 ,IT WILL1 9DE$1 BE A /ILL GREAT] NATIONAL SC&AL - IF WE ASSUME ?AT TO BE POSSIBLE - IF !Y ALONE >E SUBJECT$ TO CRIM9AL PROSECUTION1 BUT NOT ?OSE :O HAVE CREAT$ & ACCEPT$ ! LONG-T]M ATROCITY TO :I* !Y CONTRIBUT$ ONE DETAIL - M]ELY A FEW HUNDR$ MORE MURD]$ ,VIETNAMESE4 

,REC5TLY1 A /UDY ( ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC OP9ION AB\T ,VIETNAM CONCLUD$ ) ?IS SPECULATION3 '444 4 LITTLE REACTION TO ! W> IS BAS$ ON HUMANIT>IAN OR MORAL CONSID]ATIONS4 ,AM]ICANS >E NOT N[ REJECT+ 0W>01 !Y M]ELY WI% TO SEE ?IS CURR5T CONFLICT 5D$4 ,TO A*IEVE ?IS GOAL1 MO/ ,AM]ICANS W\LD PURSUE A MORE MILITANT POLICY & IGNORE RESULTANT ATROCITIES4'.<#b#g.> ,WE MAY SOON DISCOV] :E!R ?IS SPECULATION IS CORRECT4 ,( C\RSE1 !RE IS SURE TO BE A SEGM5T ( ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY ?AT WILL NOT 'IGNORE RESULTANT ATROCITIES' - NAMELY1 ! IRRESPONSIBLE1 L\DM\? VOCAL M9ORITY1 OR ?OSE :O >E DESCRIB$ SO NICELY BY ,COLONEL ,JOSEPH ,BELLAS1 COMM&+ (FIC] ( A HOSPITAL 9 ,VIETNAM :]E SOLDI]S BOYCOTT$ ,?ANKSGIV+ D9N] 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ ! W>3 ',!Y'RE Y\NG1 !Y'RE IDEALI/IC & DON'T LIKE MAN'S 9HUMANITY TO MAN4 ,AS !Y GET OLD] !Y WILL BECOME WIS] & MORE TOL]ANT4'.<#b#h.> ,IF A MAJORITY ( ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE WILL1 9DE$1 IGNORE RESULTANT ATROCITIES & SUPPORT ,NIXON'S POLICY ( PURSU+ A W> )\T DISC]NIBLE 5D1 !N ?IS SEGM5T ( ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY MAY BE SUBJECT$ TO DOME/IC REPRESSION ( A SORT ?AT IS NOT )\T PREC$5T 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY2 WE SEEM TO BE SEE+ ! E>LY SIGNS TODAY ) ! SAVAGE REPRESSION ( ! ,PAN!RS1 ! CONSPIRACY TRIAL 9 ,*ICAGO1 & O!R 9CID5TS4 

,! FACT ?AT REPRESSION MAY BE ATTEMPT$ DOES NOT IMPLY ?AT IT MU/ SUCCE$4 ,SURELY ! POSSIBILITY EXI/S1 TODAY1 TO CREATE A BROAD-BAS$ MOVEM5T ( OPPOSITION TO W> & REPRESSION ?AT MI<T /AVE (F SU* AN ATTACK4 ,IT IS N[ EV5 IMAG9ABLE1 AS A FEW YE>S AGO IT WAS NOT1 ?AT A SIGNIFICANT ,AM]ICAN LEFT MAY EM]GE ?AT WILL BE A VOICE 9 NATIONAL AFFAIRS1 & EV51 P]HAPS1 A POT5TIAL =CE = RADICAL SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,!RE HAS BE5 A REM>KABLE %IFT 9 POPUL> ATTITUDES OV] ! PA/ MON?S1 AN OP5NESS TO RADICAL POLITICAL ?9K+ ( A SORT ?AT ,I DO NOT RECALL = MANY YE>S4 ,TO LET !SE OPPORTUNITIES PASS IS TO CONDEMN MANY O!RS TO ! FATE ( ,VIETNAM4 

,IS !RE AN 'HONORABLE' WAY \T ( ,VIETNAM - MEAN+ BY ?AT A WAY ?AT MI<T BE TOL]ABLE TO ! PRES5T /ATE ( ,AM]ICAN OP9ION8 ,! QUE/ION IS IMPORTANT1 = IF ! ANSW] IS NEGATIVE1 IT MAY WELL BE ?AT ! ?REAT ( EXT9CTION ?AT ,FALL RECOGNIZ$ WILL 9 FACT BE REALIZ$4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO /RESS ?IS POSSIBILITY1 9 VIEW ( ! PRES5T MOOD 9 C]TA9 'MOVEM5T' CIRCLES :]E IT IS A CRIT]ION ( ONE'S RADICALISM TO BELIEVE ?AT ,AM]ICA HAS BE5 DEFEAT$ & ?AT ! ,VIETNAMESE WILL W94 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 A S]I\S P]SON WILL FOLL[ ,GRAMSCI'S MAXIM3 PESSIMISM ( ! 9TELLIG5CE1 OPTIMISM ( ! WILL4 ,!RE IS NOT MU* D\BT ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS ! P[] TO D5Y VICTORY1 OR EV5 CONT9U$ EXI/5CE1 TO ! PEOPLE ( ,VIETNAM4 ,NO ONE KN[S :E!R ! PRES5T /RATEGY ( CAPITAL-9T5SIVE W> CAN R$UCE ! LEVEL ( ORGANIZ$ SOCIAL LIFE 9 ,VIETNAM TO ! PO9T :]E AN ,AM]ICAN-IMPOS$ SOLUTION MAY1 9 ITS T]MS1 BE SUCCESSFUL4 

,!RE SURELY IS AN 'HONORABLE' WAY ( 5D+ ! W>4 ,! ,P,R,G & ,D,R,V DELEGATIONS 9 ,P>IS HAVE PROPOS$ SU* A WAY1 REPEAT$LY4 ,IT IS A MEASURE ( ! ,GOV]NM5T'S CONTEMPT = ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE ?AT ,NIXON WAS WILL+ TO PUBLI% ,HO ,*I ,M9H'S CONCILIATORY LETT]1 ) ! /ATEM5T ?AT IT SIGNIFI$ - 9 ,NIXON'S PHRASE - '! O!R SIDE'S ABSOLUTE REFUSAL TO %[ ! LEA/ WILL+NESS TO JO9 9 SEEK+ PEACE'4 ,IT SEEMS ?AT ! 9T]M$I>Y 9 ! ,HO-,NIXON EX*ANGE WAS ,JEAN ,SA9T5Y4 ,HE WAS 9T]VIEW$ BY ,JOSEPH ,KRAFT1 :O WRITES3 

,I SAW ,SA9T5Y AT ! 5D ( ,SEPTEMB]1 JU/ AFT] HIS RETURN FROM ! FUN]AL ( ,HO ,*I ,M9H 9 ,HANOI4 ,HE HAD HAD A LONG TALK ) ,PREMI] ,PHAM ,VAN ,DONG4 ,HE WAS P]SUAD$ ?AT ! O!R SIDE WAS PREP>$ TO ACCEPT A SETTLEM5T ?AT W\LD 9CLUDE AN 9DEP5D5T & NON-,COMMUNI/ ,S\? ,VIETNAM SET 9 A NEUTRALI/ ,S\!A/ ,ASIA4 ,! OB/ACLE TO AGREEM5T 9 HIS VIEW WAS ?AT ,HANOI DID NOT HAVE ANY FAI? 9 ,MR ,NIXON'S CLAIM ?AT HE WANT$ AN AGREEM5T4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE ?\<T ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS /ILL TRY+ TO IMPOSE ON ,SAIGON1 BY MILIT>Y MEANS1 A PRO-,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T HO/ILE TO ,HANOI4 ,M4 ,SA9T5Y FELT - & HIS FEEL+S W]E MADE KN[N TO ! ,PRESID5T - ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES C\LD DISPEL ,HANOI'S D\BTS 9 TWO WAYS4 ,ONE W\LD BE A =MAL /ATEM5T ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES RECOGNIZ$ ! PR9CIPLE ( TOTAL )DRAWAL ( ,AM]ICAN TROOPS FROM ,S\? ,VIETNAM AT SOME UN/IPULAT$ DATE4 ,! O!R W\LD BE BY BROAD5+ ! PRES5T REGIME 9 ,SAIGON TO 9CLUDE SOME POLITICAL FIGURES :O W]E NOT DIE-H>D ANTI-,COMMUNI/S4.<#b#i.> 

,CORROBORATORY EVID5CE APPE>S 9 AN >TICLE BY ,PHILIPPE ,DEVILL]S 9 ,L',ACTUALITE1 #bd ,OCTOB] #a#i#f#i1 & ,AV]ELL ,H>RIMAN HAS PUBLICLY /AT$ ?AT ,KRAFT'S REPORT IS CONSI/5T ) HIS UND]/&+ ( ! SITUATION4.<#c.> ,SUBSEQU5T /ATEM5TS BY ,XUAN ,?UY & ,MME ,B9H 9 ,P>IS PROVIDE FUR!R CONFIRMATION ( ! POSSIBILITIES = A REASONABLE SETTLEM5T4 

,S9CE #a#i#f1 ! ,N,L,F HAS DEM&$ ?AT A NEUTRALIZ$ ,S\? ,VIETNAM BE GOV]N$ BY A COALITION 9 :I* !Y W\LD HAVE A FAIR REPRES5TATION4 ,IT IS ?IS DEM& ?AT WE HAVE CONSI/5TLY OPPOS$ - NOT SURPRIS+LY1 9 VIEW ( ! JUDGM5T ( ! ,AM]ICAN MISSION AT ! TIME1 & S9CE1 ON ! POLITICAL P[] ( ! ,N,L,F RELATIVE TO ?AT ( ! SUCCESSION ( PUPPETS WE HAVE 9/ALL$4 ,:5 ! FULL-SCALE ,AM]ICAN 9VASION BEGAN1 ,B]N>D ,FALL CIT$ A REM>K TO ,GEORGE ,*AFF>D ( ,LE ,MONDE BY A 'HI<-RANK+ SPOKESMAN ( ! ,FRONT'3 ',WE HAVE NOT F\<T ALL !SE YE>S SIMPLY TO 5D UP BY 9/ALL+ ONE SET ( DICTATORS 9 PLACE ( ! OLD4' ,FALL ADD$3 ',ONE DOES NOT FI<T = EI<T LONG YE>S1 UND] ! CRU%+ WEI<T ( ,AM]ICAN >MOR1 NAPALM1 JET BOMB]S &1 F9ALLY1 VOMIT+ GASES1 = ! %E] JOY ( H&+ OV] :AT ONE FI<TS = TO SOME BUREAUCRAT 9 ,HANOI1 M]ELY ON ! SAY-SO ( A F>AWAY P>TY APP>ATUS4'.<#c#a.> ,DESPITE ! 9T5SIVE ,AM]ICAN EF=T S9CE #aife TO DE/ROY SOCIAL LIFE 9 ,VIETNAM1 !RE IS NO REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ! SITUATION IS FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T TODAY4 

,NIXON'S SPEE* ( #c ,NOVEMB] #aifi MU/ BE UND]/OOD AS A REJECTION ( !SE POSSIBILITIES = AN 'HONORABLE' SETTLEM5T1 ONE ?AT %\LD BE ACCEPTABLE TO A L>GE1 ,I %\LD ?9K OV]:ELM+1 SEGM5T ( ! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC4 ,NIXON D5I$ ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,P,R,G-,D,R,V 9ITIATIVES1 & MADE IT CLE> ?AT WE HAVE NO 9T5TION ( )DRAW+ \R EXP$ITION>Y =CE OR BROAD5+ ! ,SAIGON REGIME4 ,! PRES5T ,SAIGON REGIME1 :I* EXI/S SOLELY BY ! =CE ( ,AM]ICAN >MS1 IS NOT AN ACCEPTABLE P>TN] 9 A COALITION ) ! ,P,R,G & W\LD NO D\BT COLLAPSE W]E A REALI/IC EF=T TO RESOLVE ! CONFLICT S]I\SLY CONTEMPLAT$4 

,UND] !SE CONDITIONS1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO TAKE NOTE ( REC5T POLITICAL DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,SAIGON4 ,PRESID5T ,?IEU HAS APP>5TLY AB&ON$ ANY EF=T TO CON/RUCT A SIGNIFICANT POLITICAL BASE4 ,ELIZABE? ,POND REPORTS FROM ,SAIGON ?AT HIS NEW P>TY '%\LD BE V]Y SIMIL> TO ! ,CAN ,LAO ,P>TY .<VIRTUALLY1 A BRAN* ( ,DIEM'S SECRET POLICE.>1 AS IT IS BE+ DIRECT$ BY OLD ,DIEMI/S1 SEV]AL ( :OM W]E ,CAN ,LAO MEMB]S'4 ,?IEU HAS BE5 ABLE TO F9D NO POLITICAL BASE AP>T FROM ! G5]ALS & ! NOR!RN ,CA?OLICS - ESS5TIALLY A RECON/RUCTION ( ! ,DIEM REGIME4.<#c#b.> ,ONE ( ! ,HOA ,HAO FACTIONS REC5TLY LEFT ,?IEU'S P>TY 9 PROTE/ 'AGA9/ ! 9T5SIFICATION ( MILIT>Y CONTROL ( ! GOV]NM5T 9 REC5T MON?S - & ! ,PRESID5T'S CONT9U+ REFUSAL TO DEAL S]I\SLY EV5 ) ! MEMB] GR\PS ( HIS [N ALLIANCE'4 ,ITS LEAD] ASS]T$ ?AT ! ,PRESID5T'S COALITION 'CANNOT DO ANY?+ GOOD = ! C\NTRY'4.<#c#c.> ,A REPORT ON ! NON-,COMMUNI/ OPPOSITION 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM QUOTES ,PHAM ,BA ,CAM1 A ,HOA ,HAO LEAD]3 ',IT'S NOT V]Y HEAL?Y TO BE 9 ! OPPOSITION 9 ,VIETNAM4 ,IF Y\ WANT TO LE>N AB\T ! /ATUS ( ! NON-,COMMUNI/ OPPOSITION1 GO TO ,CON ,SON .<(F%ORE PRISON ISL&.>4 ,?AT'S :]E Y\'LL F9D ! L>GE/ GA!R+4'.<#c#d.> ,AS ,POND REPORTS1 ',PRESID5T ,?IEU'S DECISION TO ORGANIZE AN ,>MY_/,CA?OLIC P>TY - AT ?IS TIME & 9 ?IS MANN] - SETS ! C\RSE = 9CREAS+ ISOLATION ( ! ,SAIGON REGIME'4 ,IT IS A DECISION 'TO MA9TA9 ! N>R[ 9T]E/S & P[] ( ! EXI/+ MILIT>Y OLIG>*Y AS LONG AS POSSIBLE'4 

,?IS N>R[+ ( ! BASE ( ! ,SAIGON REGIME REFLECTS ! POLITICAL REALITIES ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM4 ,IT ALSO REFLECTS A RATIONAL POLITICAL JUDGM5T ON ! P>T ( ,G5]AL ,?IEU3 

,AS ,VIETNAMESE S\RCES ANALYZE ,PRESID5T ,?IEU'S ?9K+1 HE IS CALCULAT+ ?AT ! ,U,S CANNOT AF=D TO LOSE ! W> & IS !RE=E /UCK H]E ALMO/ NO MATT] :AT ,SAIGON DOES4 ,! ,U,S MI<T D>E1 IT IS REASON$1 TO AB&ON ! ,?IEU REGIME )9 A YE> OR SO1 BUT IT W\LD NEV] D>E TO DE/ROY ! ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE ,>MY4 ,IF ,PRESID5T ,?IEU L9KS HIS DE/9Y 9EXTRICABLY TO ?AT ( ! ,>MY1 !N1 HE MAY FIGURE ?AT ! ,U,S CANNOT DEPOSE HIM4.<#c#e.> 

,?US ! CURR5T POLITICAL DEVELOPM5TS CONFIRM1 ONCE AGA91 ! FAILURE ( ! ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y TO CREATE A WORKABLE ,QUISL+ REGIME 9 ! MANN] ( ! ,RUSSIANS 9 ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA OR ! ,G]MANS 9 MU* ( OCCUPI$ ,EUROPE4 ,! CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS SITUATION >E SUMM>IZ$ ADEQUATELY BY ,JACQUES ,DECORNOY3 

',UND] !SE CONDITIONS1 A MILIT>Y SOLUTION MAY BE A TASK = SEV]AL DECADES1 SUPPOS+1 ?AT IS1 ?AT !RE /ILL REMA9 ,VIETNAMESE TO FI<T & ,AM]ICANS TO ACCEPT A CONFLICT )\T 5D & )\T HOPE4'.<#c#f.> 

,TW5TY YE>S AGO ! ,PEOPLE'S ,REPUBLIC ( ,*9A WAS F\ND$4 ,JU/ A FEW MON?S E>LI]1 ,DEAN ,A*ESON HAD =M$ A COMMITTEE TO REASSESS ,AM]ICAN POLICY 9 ,ASIA1 N[ ?AT ,*9A WAS 'LO/'4 ,! COMMITTEE WAS TO OP]ATE UND] ?IS 9/RUCTION3 ',Y\ WILL PLEASE TAKE IT AS Y\R ASSUMPTION ?AT IT IS A FUNDAM5TAL DECISION ( ,AM]ICAN POLICY ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DOES NOT 9T5D TO P]MIT FUR!R EXT5SION ( ,COMMUNI/ DOM9ATION ON ! CONT95T ( ,ASIA OR 9 ! S\?-EA/ ,ASIA >EA444 '.<#c#g.> ,A*ESON MADE HIS ?\<TS MORE PRECISE1 %ORTLY AFT]W>DS1 :5 WRIT+ ON ! ,SOVIET ?REAT3 ',IT IS NOT ONLY ! ?REAT ( DIRECT MILIT>Y ATTACK :I* MU/ BE CONSID]$1 BUT ALSO ?AT ( CONQUE/ BY DEFAULT1 BY PRESSURE1 BY P]SUASION1 BY SUBV]SION1 BY 0NEUTRALISM0'.<#c#h.> 

,9 ,MAY #a#i#e1 ,A*ESON ANN\NC$ ?AT ECONOMIC AID & MILIT>Y EQUIPM5T W\LD BE S5T TO ! ,FR5* 9 ,9DO*9A '9 ORD] TO ASSI/ !M 9 RE/OR+ /ABILITY'4 ,NOT LONG AFT]1 ! ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T EXPLA9$ \R SUPPORT = ,FR5* IMP]IALISM 9 ,9DO*9A 9 !SE T]MS3 '444 ! FALL ( ,9DO*9A 444 W\LD BE TAK5 BY MANY AS A SIGN ?AT ! =CE ( COMMUNISM IS IRRESI/IBLE & W\LD LEAD TO AN ATTITUDE ( DEFEATISM4444 ,COMMUNI/ =CES !RE MU/ BE DECISIVELY CONQU]$ D[N TO ! LA/ POCKET ( RESI/ANCE' - 9 ! NAME ( ,FR5* IMP]IALISM#c#i4 ,! 'MU*-NE$$ RICE1 RUBB]1 & T9' W]E ALSO CIT$ AS A JU/IFICATION = \R SUPPORT = ! ,FR5* 9 !IR ILL-FAT$ EF=T TO RECONQU] !IR =M] COLONY4 ,UPON !IR FAILURE1 WE TOOK OV] MANAGEM5T ( ! 5T]PRISE DIRECTLY4 

,9 #aiee ! ,COMMUNI/ ?REAT WAS DEF9$1 V]Y P]CEPTIVELY1 9 AN EXT5SIVE /UDY ( ! ,WOODR[ ,WILSON ,F\NDATION & ! ,NATIONAL ,PLANN+ ,ASSOCIATION1 ,! ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY ( ,AM]ICAN ,=EIGN ,POLICY1 A /UDY ?AT 9VOLV$ A REPRES5TATIVE SEGM5T ( ! T9Y ELITE ?AT L>GELY DET]M9ES =EIGN POLICY1 :OEV] IS TE*NICALLY 9 (FICE4 ,! PRIM>Y ?REAT ( ,COMMUNISM IS ! ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ P[]S '9 WAYS :I* R$UCE !IR WILL+NESS & ABILITY TO COMPLEM5T ! 9DU/RIAL ECONOMIES ( ! ,WE/'4 ,COMMUNISM1 9 %ORT1 R$UCES ! 'WILL+NESS & ABILITY' ( UND]DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES TO FUNCTION 9 ! WORLD CAPITALI/ ECONOMY 9 ! MANN] ( ! ,PHILIPP9ES - TO TAKE A CLASSIC ,ASIAN EXAMPLE - :]E3 

,!IR ECONOMY HAS = NE>LY HALF A C5TURY BE5 DELIB]ATELY GE>$ 9TO ?AT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO AN EXT5T :I* CAUS$ ,MR ,MC,NUTT1 9 TE/IFY+ AS ,HI< ,COMMISSION]1 TO SAY ?AT '\R BUS9ESSM5 & \R /ATESM5 9 PA/ YE>S ALL[$ ! ,PHILIPP9ES TO BECOME A COMPLETE ECONOMIC DEP5D5CY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO A GREAT] DEGREE ?AN ANY S+LE ,/ATE ( ! ,UNION IS ECONOMICALLY DEP5D5T ON ! RE/ ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4'.<#d.> 

,S9CE !N1 !RE HAS BE5 LITTLE SUB/ANTIVE *ANGE 9 :AT ,U,N ,AMBASSADOR ,SALVADOR ,LOPEZ CALL$ ! CLASSIC COLONIAL ECONOMY ( ! ,PHILIPP9ES4 ,TO BE SURE1 WE HAVE BEQUEA!D !M ! BLESS+S ( DEMOCRACY4 ,AS ,TILLMAN ,DURD9 ACCURATELY DESCRIBES ?IS LEGACY ( HALF A C5TURY ( COLONIAL DOM9ATION3 ',FILIP9OS VIEW ELECTIONS AS A CONFIRMATION ( ! P[] ( ! WEAL?Y BUS9ESS & L&$ 9T]E/S :O BACK BO? P>TIES BUT USUALLY PICK ! W9N]S BE=E ,ELECTION ,DAY & QUIETLY GIVE !M ! MO/ SUPPORT4 ,9 ?IS CASE !Y PICK$ ,PRESID5T ,M>COS4'.<#d#a.> ,& 9 GRATITUDE1 ! ,FILIP9OS HAVE HELP$ US 9 \R W> 9 ,VIETNAM1 9 ! MANN] EXPLA9$ 9 A REC5T REPORT ( ! ,SYM+TON SUBCOMMITTEE4 ,WILLIAM ,SELOV] SUMM>IZ$ ?IS REPORT 9 A REC5T ,MONITOR3 

,! HE>+S %[$1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT ! ,U,S TAXPAY] HAS BE5 PAY+ = ! ,PHILIPP9E TROOP COMMITM5T 9 ,VIETNAM4 ,IT HAS ALSO %[N ?AT1 )\T ?IS PAYM5T1 ! ,PHILIPP9ES W\LD NOT HAVE S5T A S+LE MAN TO HELP ! ,U,S 9 ,VIETNAM4 444 ,ADM9I/RATION (FICIALS ADMITT$ PAY+ ! ,PHILIPP9ES SOME @s#d MILLION TO S5D ! TROOPS TO ,VIETNAM4.<#d#b.> 

,/ILL MORE REVEAL+ IS ! /AT$ PURPOSE ( ! ,U,S MILIT>Y COMMITM5T TO ! ,PHILIPP9ES4 ,SELOV] REPORTS ,LIEUT5ANT-,G5]AL ,ROB]T ,H4 ,W>R5'S ADMISSION ?AT ! COMMITM5T WAS DESIGN$ P>TLY 'TO MA9TA9 9T]NAL SECURITY & /ABILITY &1 !REBY1 MAKE \R [N ACTIVITIES OV] !RE MORE SECURE'4 ,S5ATOR ,SYM+TON PUT IT SUCC9CTLY1 ) ,G5]AL ,W>R5'S RELUCTANT ASS5T3 ',9 O!R WORDS WE >E PAY+ ! ,PHILIPP9E ,GOV]NM5T TO PROTECT US FROM ! ,PHILIPP9E PEOPLE :O DO NOT AGREE ) ! POLICIES ( ! GOV]NM5T OR DO NOT LIKE ,AM]ICANS4' ,P5TAGON (FICIALS ADMITT$ 9 ! HE>+S ?AT '! ONLY REAL ?REAT ?AT ! ,PHILIPP9ES FACES 444 .<IS.> 444 9T]NAL SUBV]SION'4 ,! ?REAT IS RELAT$1 P]HAPS1 TO ! FACT ?AT1 = MO/ ( ! POPULATION1 LIV+ /&>DS HAVE NOT MAT]IALLY *ANG$ S9CE ! ,SPANI% OCCUPATION4 

,IT IS ?IS ',COMMUNI/ ?REAT' ?AT WE HAVE BE5 COMBAT+ 9 ,VIETNAM1 :]E1 AS HAS FREQU5TLY BE5 NOT$1 ,VIETNAMESE COMMUNISM ?REAT5S ! NEW ORD] ?AT WE HAVE BE5 TRY+ TO CON/RUCT 9 ,ASIA ) ,JAPAN AS JUNIOR P>TN]1 L9K$ TO ,ASIA BY ESS5TIALLY COLONIAL RELATION%IPS4 ,AS ,PRESID5T ,EIS5H[] EXPRESS$ IT3 

,ONE ( ,JAPAN'S GREATE/ OPPORTUNITIES = 9CREAS$ TRADE LIES 9 A FREE & DEVELOP+ ,S\!A/ ,ASIA4444 ,! GREAT NE$ 9 ONE C\NTRY IS = RAW MAT]IALS1 9 ! O!R C\NTRY = MANUFACTUR$ GOODS4 ,! TWO REGIONS COMPLEM5T EA* O!R M>K$LY4 ,BY /R5G!N+ ( ,VIETNAM & HELP+ 5SURE ! SAFETY ( ! ,S\? ,PACIFIC & ,S\!A/ ,ASIA1 WE GRADUALLY DEVELOP ! GREAT TRADE POT5TIAL BETWE5 ?IS REGION 444 & HI<LY 9DU/RIALIZ$ ,JAPAN TO ! B5EFIT ( BO?4 ,9 ?IS WAY FRE$OM 9 ! ,WE/]N ,PACIFIC WILL BE GREATLY /R5G!N$4.<#d#c.> 

,IT REMA9S TO BE SE5 H[ LONG ,JAPAN WILL BE ABLE TO F5D (F ECONOMIC 9T]V5TION ( A SORT ?AT IS 9CREAS+LY TURN+ ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 9TO A DEP5D5CY ( ,AM]ICAN-BAS$ MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS1 ?OSE ',U,S 5T]PRISES ABROAD .<:I*.> 9 ! AGGREGATE COMPRISE ! ?IRD L>GE/ C\NTRY 444 9 ! WORLD - ) A GROSS PRODUCT GREAT] ?AN ?AT ( ANY C\NTRY EXCEPT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ! ,SOVIET ,UNION'4.<#d#d.> 

,IT IS NOT LIKELY ?AT ! POPULATION ( ! EMPIRE - ! '9TEGRAT$ WORLD ECONOMY' DOM9AT$ BY ,AM]ICAN CAPITAL1 TO USE ! TE*NICAL EUPHEMISM - WILL REMA9 QUIESC5T1 WILL+ 9DEF9ITELY TO COMPLEM5T ! 9DU/RIAL ECONOMIES ( ! ,WE/4 ,SEV5TY-FIVE YE>S AGO1 %ORTLY BE=E ! ,AM]ICAN 9VASION ( ! ,PHILIPP9ES 9 A W> ?AT WAS1 AP>T FROM SCALE1 RA!R LIKE \R PRES5T W> 9 ,VIETNAM1 ! ,PHILIPP9E NATIONALI/ ,JOSE ,RIZAL CA/IGAT$ HIS C\NTRYM5 BECAUSE !Y W]E 'LIKE A SLAVE :O ASK$ ONLY = A B&AGE TO WRAP ! *A9 SO ?AT IT MAY RATTLE LESS & NOT ULC]ATE ! SK9'4 ,?OSE DAYS >E PA/4 ,?OSE :OM ,M>X CALL$ '! SLAVES & DRUDGES ( ! .<B\RGEOIS.> ORD]' >E NO LONG] SATISFI$ ) A B&AGE TO WRAP !IR *A9S1 & !IR DISCONT5T WILL LEAD TO TURMOIL & VIOL5T REPRESSION1 SO LONG AS WE CONS5T4 

,:AT CAN WE DO TO AFFECT ! EV5TS ?AT >E TO COME8 ,FIR/1 WE MU/ NOT MAKE ! MI/AKE ( PLAC+ TRU/ 9 ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! L>GE UPSURGE ( ANTI-W> S5TIM5T CAN BE AN EFFECTIVE DEVICE = *ANG+ NATIONAL POLICY IF IT IS SU/A9$ 9 CONT9U+ MASS ACTIONS ACROSS ! C\NTRY4 ,O!RWISE ! ADM9I/RATION CAN RIDE \T ! /ORM & CONT9UE AS BE=E TO SY/EMATICALLY DEMOLI% ! SOCIETY ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM & ,LAOS4 ,IT IS DIFFICULT WEEK AFT] WEEK1 MON? AFT] MON? TO SU/A9 A HI< LEVEL ( PROTE/ AGA9/ ! W>4 ,AS ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY BECOMES MORE POL>IZ$ & ! TRUE1 FAMILI> ,NIXON EM]GES 9 ! P]SON ( ,MIT*ELL OR ,AGNEW1 AS ! ?REAT ( REPRESSION BECOMES MORE REAL1 IT WILL BE H>D TO MA9TA9 ! K9DS ( RESI/ANCE & PROTE/ ?AT ! ,VIETNAM CATA/ROPHE DEM&S4 ,AS ! REPORTS ( MASSACRES & AUTOMAT$ MURD] BECOME R\T9E1 ! IMPULSE TO RESPOND BY VIOL5CE MAY BECOME MORE DIFFICULT TO /IFLE1 DESPITE ! REALIZATION ?AT ?IS CAN ONLY HAVE ! EFFECT ( BR++ ! MASS ( ! POPULATION TO 'IGNORE RESULTANT ATROCITIES'4 ,CONT9U$ MASS ACTIONS1 PATI5T EXPLANATION1 PR9CIPL$ RESI/ANCE CAN BE BOR+1 DEPRESS+4 ,BUT ?OSE :O PROGRAM ! ,B#e#b ATTACKS & ! 'PACIFICATION' EX]CISE >E NOT BOR$1 & AS LONG AS !Y CONT9UE 9 !IR WORK1 SO MU/ WE4 

.<#a.> ,ASSI/ANT ,SECRET>Y ( ,DEF5SE ,PAUL ,W>NKE AS QUOT$ BY ,T[NS5D ,HOOPES1 SEE ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 #bh ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#b.> ,NO ,MORE ,VIETNAMS81 ,R4 ,PFEFF] 7$47 7,H>P] @& ,R[1 #a#i#f#h74 

.<#c.> ,= DETAIL$ ANALYSIS BAS$ L>GELY ON ,DEF5SE ,DEP>TM5T S\RCES1 SEE ,GABRIEL ,KOLKO1 ,LONDON ,BULLET91 ,AUGU/ #a#i#f#i4 

.<#d.> ,NO ,MORE ,VIETNAMS8 ,= FUR!R DISCUSSION1 SEE MY >TICLE 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,REVIEW1 #b ,JANU>Y #aifi & MY ,AT ,W> ) ,ASIA 7,PAN!ON1 #a#i#g71 ,*APT] #a1 ,SECTION #c4 

.<#e.> ,ELIZABE? ,POND1 ,*RI/IAN ,SCI5CE ,MONITOR1 #h ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#f.> ,ON #a ,DECEMB] #a#i#f#i1 AFT] ?IS >TICLE WAS WRITT51 ,RE/ON RETURN$ TO ! QUE/ION ( ,CAM ,RANH ,BAY1 /AT+ ?AT IT WAS N[ 'AN AIR & NAVAL BASE :I* IS ! BE/ 9 ,ASIA'1 & ?AT IT HAS BE5 A 'FUNDAM5TAL QUE/ION ?R\<\T ! ,P>IS NEGOTIATIONS' :E!R ! ,U,S IS WILL+ TO AB&ON IT '& MANY O!R MOD]N MILIT>Y BASES'4 ,HE RAISES ! QUE/ION :E!R ! ,U,S W\LD )DRAW ALL TROOPS OR ONLY ALL 'COMBAT =CES'1 A PLAN :I* 'C\LD LEAVE A C\PLE ( HUNDR$ ?\S& ,AM]ICANS 9 ,VIETNAM TO MA9TA9 & FLY ! PLANES & HELICOPT] GUN%IPS & CONT9UE TO TRA9 & SUPPLY & HELP DIRECT ! ,VIETNAMESE'4 

,!RE IS NO 9DICATION ( ANY S]I\S 9T5TION TO )DRAW ALL =CES OR TO AB&ON ! BASES4 ,AS ,JOSEPH ,KRAFT HAS REPORT$ 7SEE P4 #d#i7 ! ,AM]ICAN REFUSAL TO COMMIT ITSELF TO ! PR9CIPLE ( COMPLETE )DRAWAL IS ONE ( ! FACTORS BLOCK+ PROGRESS 9 ,P>IS4 

.<#g.> ,9 ! APT PHRASE ( ,E4 ,H]MAN & ,R4 ,DUB(F1 ',H[ TO COO LIKE A DOVE :ILE FI<T+ TO W9'1 PAMPHLET ( ,PHILADELPHIA ,S,A,N,E1 #b ,S4 ,/REET1 ,PHILADELPHIA1 ,P5NA4 #a#i#a#g4 

.<#h.> ,CONGRESSIONAL ,RECORD1 #h ,AUGU/ #a#i#f#i4 ,CIT$ 9 ! ,BULLET9 ( ,CONC]N$ ,ASIAN ,S*OL>S1 ,OCTOB] #aifi 7#a#g#c#g ,CAMBRIDGE ,/REET1 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,MASS4 - AN IMPORTANT J\RNAL = ?OSE CONC]N$ ) ,ASIAN AFFAIRS74 

.<#i.> ,W>1 ,PEACE1 & ! ,VIET ,CONG 7,M,I,T1 #a#i#f#i74 ,HE E/IMATES ?AT 9 #aifc 'P]HAPS HALF ! POPULATION ( ,S\? ,VIETNAM AT LEA/ TACITLY SUPPORT$ ! ,N,L,F'4 ,! SAME E/IMATE WAS GIV5 BY ! ,U,S ,MISSION 9 #a#i#f#b4 ,ELSE:]E1 HE HAS EXPLA9$ ?AT 9 LATE #aifd IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO CONSID] AN APP>5TLY G5U9E (F] ( A COALITION GOV]NM5T1 BECAUSE !RE WAS NO =CE ?AT C\LD COMPETE POLITICALLY ) ! ,VIET ,CONG1 ) ! POSSIBLE EXCEPTION ( ! ,BUDDHI/S1 :O W]E NOT LONG AFT] SUPPRESS$ AS A POLITICAL =CE BY ,M>%AL ,KY'S ,AM]ICAN-BACK$ /ORM TROOP]S4 ,! SAME DIFFICULTY HAS BE5 NOT$1 REPEAT$LY1 BY SPOKESM5 = ! ,AM]ICAN & ,SAIGON GOV]NM5TS & REPORT]S4 ,= SOME EXAMPLES1 SEE ,H]MAN & ,DUB(F1 OP4 CIT41 OR MY ,AM]ICAN ,P[] & ! ,NEW ,M&>9S 7,*ATTO @& ,W9DUS1 #a#i#f#i71 ,*APT] #c4 

.<#a.> ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 #aa ,JUNE #a#i#f#h4 

.<#a#a.> ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES ,MAGAZ9E1 #bc ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#a#b.> ,SEE ,WA%+TON ,PO/1 #ca ,OCTOB] #a#i#f#i2 ,LOS ,ANGELES ,TIMES1 #ca ,OCTOB] #a#i#f#i2 ,NEW ,YORK ,PO/1 #d ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i2 ,SCI5CE1 #g ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i4 ,A ,VIETNAMESE /UD5T 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,NGO ,V9H ,LONG1 HAS SUMM>IZ$ MU* ( :AT IS KN[N1 9CLUD+ HIS P]SONAL EXP]I5CE FROM #aiei TO #aifc :5 HE VISIT$ 'VIRTUALLY EV]Y HAMLET & VILLAGE 9 ! C\NTRY' AS A MILIT>Y MAP MAK]1 9 ,?OI-,BAO ,GA1 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i1 #g#fA ,PLEASANT ,/REET1 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,MASS41 A MON?LY PUBLICATION ( ,VIETNAMESE /UD5TS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,HE DESCRIBES H[ DEFOLIATION HAS BE5 US$ S9CE #aifa TO DRIVE PEASANTS 9TO GOV]NM5T-CONTROLL$ CAMPS1 & FROM HIS [N EXP]I5CE & PUBLI%$ RECORDS 9 ,VIETNAM1 HE RECORDS SOME ( ! EFFECTS3 />VATION1 DEA?1 HIDE\SLY DE=M$ BABIES4 ,HE QUOTES ! HEAD ( ! ,AGRONOMY ,SECTION ( ! ,JAPAN ,SCI5CE ,C\NCIL :O CLAIMS ?AT BY #aifg AB\T HALF ! >ABLE L& HAD BE5 S]I\SLY AFFECT$4 ,= ,AM]ICAN E/IMATES1 SEE ! REPORT ( ! ,DADD>IO SUBCOMMITTEE ( ! ,H\SE ,COMMITTEE ON ,SCI5CE & ,A/RONAUTICS1 #h ,AUGU/ #a#i#f#i4 ,!Y E/IMATE ! TOTAL >EA SPRAY$ ?R\< #aifh AS #f1#f SQU>E MILES 7EXTRAPOLAT+ ?R\< #aifi ! FIGURE W\LD REA* AB\T #h1#f SQU>E MILES1 AB\T SIXTY P] C5T ( ?IS RESPRAY+ - OV] T5 P] C5T ( IT CROP DE/RUCTION74 

.<#a#c.> ,WEEKLY SELECTION1 #a ,OCTOB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#a#d.> ,!Y HAVE APPE>$ 9 ,5GLI%1 & CAN BE OBTA9$ FROM ! ,COMMITTEE = ! ,5GLI% PUBLICATION ( ',VIETNAM - A VOICE FROM ! VILLAGES'1 DO ,MRS ,REIKO ,I%IDA1 #b-#a#c-#g1 ,NI%IKATA1 ,BUNYO-KU1 ,TOKYO4 

.<#a#e.> ',BE=E ?IS SUMM]1 ! 5EMY 9 ! DELTA CONSI/$ MO/LY ( 9DIG5\S ,VIETCONG UNITS & GU]RILLAS1 MANY ( :OM WORK$ DUR+ ! DAY 9 ! RICE FIELDS & F\<T AT NI<T4 ,! ONLY ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE W]E TROOPS & (FIC]S :O L$ SOME ( ! GU]RILLA UNITS4 ,!Y NUMB]$ AB\T #h AS AGA9/ AN E/IMAT$ TOTAL ( #d#i1 ,VIETCONG SOLDI]S & SUPPORT TROOPS4' ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 #ae ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#f#i4 ,ON #af ,SEPTEMB]1 ,! ,TIMES REPORTS ?AT '= ! FIR/ TIME 9 ! W>1 A REGUL> ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE >MY UNIT1 ! #a#h,B ,REGIM5T1 HAD ATTACK$ 9 ! DELTA'4 

.<#a#f.> ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,PET] ,>NETT1 #ae ,APRIL #a#i#f#i4 ,>NETT CLAIMS ?AT ONLY N9ETY P] C5T ( ! 5EMY =CES ( #d1 >E RECRUIT$ LOCALLY1 GIV+ A F> HI<] E/IMATE ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE ?AN ! 9TELLIG5CE REPORTS CIT$ ABOVE1 OR O!RS3 E4G41 ,*RI/IAN ,SCI5CE ,MONITOR1 #af ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#f#i1 :I* REPORTS ?AT 9 ! E>LY FALL ( #aifi ',NOR? ,VIETNAMESE TROOPS 9 ! DELTA D\BL$ 9 NUMB]1 TO BETWE5 #b1 & #c1 M54' 

.<#a#g.> ,BO/ON ,GLOBE1 #a ,DECEMB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#a#h.> ,WILLIAM ,NI<SWONG]1 ,RURAL ,PACIFICATION 9 ,VIETNAM 7,PRAEG]1 #a#i#f#g74 

.<#a#i.> ,H5RY ,KAMM1 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 #a ,DECEMB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#b.> ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 #bf ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#b#a.> ,9 ,NO ,MORE ,VIETNAMS8 ,ON ! WIDELY NOT$ ANALOGY BETWE5 ,VIETNAM & ! ,9DIAN W>S SEE MY ,AM]ICAN ,P[] & ! ,NEW ,M&>9S1 ,*APT] #c1 NOTE #d#b4 

.<#b#b.> ,H>OLD ,B4 ,CLIF=D1 ,EXPLOR+ ,NEW ,5GL& 7,FOLLETT1 #a#i#f#a74 

.<#b#c.> ,SEE ,H[>D ,Z9N1 ',VIOL5CE & SOCIAL *ANGE'1 ,BO/ON ,UNIV]SITY ,GRADUATE ,J\RNAL1 ,FALL #a#i#f#h4 ,:5 DISEASE DECIMAT$ ! ,9DIANS1 ,MA!R SAID3 ',! WOODS W]E ALMO/ CLE>$ ( ?OSE P]NICI\S CREATURES1 TO MAKE ROOM = A BETT] GR[?4' 

.<#b#d.> ,ON #bd ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i4 ,ATT5TION ,MR ,AGNEW4 

.<#b#e.> IBID41 #bi ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#b#f.> ,H5RY ,KAMM1 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 #ae ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#b#g.> ,J4 ,ROB9SON & ,S4 ,G4 ,JACOBSON1 9 ,VIETNAM3 ,ISSUES & ,ALT]NATIVES 7,%5KMAN1 #a#i#f#h71 A SYMPOSIUM ( ! ,PEACE ,RESE>* ,SOCIETY 7,9T]NATIONAL74 ,?IS ORGANIZATION1 FOLL[+ A SCRIPT BY ,ORWELL1 IS CONC]N$ ) A SPECIAL K9D ( PEACE RESE>*3 ! QUE/ION ( 'H[ PACIFICATION CAN BE A*IEV$ 9 TURBUL5T VILLAGE SOCIETIES'1 ALONG L9ES ?AT WE HAVE BE5 PIONE]+ 9 ,VIETNAM1 = EXAMPLE4 ,! $ITOR EXPLA9S ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS ONE 'P>TICIPANT 9 ! GAME ( WORLD DOM9ATION'4 ,IT MI<T BE ASK$ :Y S*OL>S %\LD ASSI/ ! ,GOV]NM5T 9 ?IS GAME4 ,! ANSW] IS ?AT ! =EIGN POLICY ( ! ,U,S HAS BE5 *>ACT]IZ$ 'BY GOOD-9T5TION$ LEAD]S & POLICY MAK]S'1 SO ! PROBLEM1 PRESUMABLY1 DOES NOT >ISE4 ,BUT EV5 ! ,PEACE ,RESE>* ,SOCIETY 7,9T]NATIONAL7 IS NOT MONOLI?IC4 ,IT W\LD BE UNFAIR TO ASSUME ?AT ! CONCLUSION ( ! CIT$ /UDY IS M]E WI%FUL ?9K+4 ,IT HAS TO BE TAK5 S]I\SLY4 

.<#b#h.> ,REUT]S1 ,BO/ON ,GLOBE1 #bg ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#b#i.> ,BO/ON ,GLOBE1 #a ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#c.> ,9 A PANEL AT ,JOHNS ,HOPK9S ,UNIV]SITY1 #ad ,NOVEMB] #aifi 

.<#c#a.> ,NEW ,SOCIETY1 #bb ,APRIL #a#i#f#e1 REPR9T$ 9 ,FALL & ,RASK91 ,VIETNAM ,READ]4 ,?OSE :O SPEAK SO GLIBLY ( 'BLOODBA?S' MI<T NOTE HIS REPORT ?AT FROM #aieg ?R\< ,APRIL #a#i#f#e1 'OV] #a#f1 ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE .<OV]:ELM+LY ,VIET ,CONG.> HAVE ?US F> BE5 KILL$ 9 ?IS W>'4 ,NOTE ! DATE4 

.<#c#b.> ,MONITOR1 #f1 #h1 #ad ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i4 ,MISS ,POND HAS BE5 ONE ( ! FEW CORRESPOND5TS1 OV] ! YE>S1 TO GIVE ANY S]I\S ATT5TION TO ,VIETNAMESE POLITICAL & SOCIAL LIFE4 ,9 ! PA/1 H] ANALYZES HAVE PROV5 QUITE ACCURATE4 ,= ADDITIONAL CORROBORATORY 9=MATION1 SEE ,D4 ,G>E? ,PORT]1 ',! ,DIEMI/ RE/ORATION'1 ,COMMONWEAL1 #aa ,JULY #a#i#f#i4 

.<#c#c.> ,JOHN ,WOODRUFF1 ,BALTIMORE ,SUN1 #be ,OCTOB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#c#d.> ,T]5CE ,SMI?1 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 DATEL9E #bd ,OCTOB] #a#i#f#i4 ,! SCALE & *>ACT] ( =CEFUL REPRESSION ( DISS5T 9 ,S\? ,VIETNAM HAVE BE5 AMPLY REPORT$4 ,SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ,H]MAN & ,DUB(F1 OP4 CIT41 & REF]5CES !RE94 

.<#c#e.> ,POND1 #f ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i4 

.<#c#f.> ,LE ,MONDE DIPLOMATIQUE1 ,NOVEMB]4 

.<#c#g.> ,MEMOR&UM FROM ,A*ESON TO ,PHILIP ,JESSUP1 CIT$ BY ,GABRIEL ,KOLKO1 ,ROOTS ( ,AM]ICAN ,=EIGN ,POLICY 7,BEACON ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#i71 P4 #ie 7SEE NOTE #a1 P4 #hb BEL[74 

.<#c#h.> ,CIT$ BY ,WALT] ,LA,FEB]1 ,AM]ICA1 ,RUSSIA & ! ,COLD ,W> #a#i#d#e-#a#i#f#f 7,WILEY1 #a#i#f#h71 P4#a#b4 

.<#d.> ,RUP]T ,EM]SON1 9 ,J4 ,C4 ,V9C5T 7$471 ,AM]ICA'S ,FUTURE 9 ! ,PACIFIC1 #a#i#d#g4 

.<#d#a.> ,COMM5T+ ON ! REC5T ELECTIONS1 ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 #af ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i4 ,= SOME DISCUSSION ( ,PHILIPP9E POLITICS1 SEE ,ON(RE ,CORPUZ1 ,! ,PHILIPP9ES 7,PR5TICE-,HALL1 #a#i#f#f74 

.<#d#b.> #bh ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#i3 ',FROM ! HE>+S IT IS LE>N$ ?AT ! ,U,S PAID ,S\? ,KOREA & ,?AIL& AS WELL TO S5D !IR TROOPS TO ,VIETNAM 9 A %[ ( SOLID>ITY4' ,?IS WAS SOME:AT MORE EXP5SIVE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,! ,TIMES1 #a ,DECEMB]1 ! BRIBE TO ,?AIL& AM\NT$ TO A BILLION DOLL>S4 

.<#d#c.> #d ,APRIL #a#i#e#i1 QUOT$ 9 ,H>RY ,MAGD(F1 ,! ,AGE ( ,IMP]IALISM 7,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#i74 ,ON E>LY ,AM]ICAN PO/W> POLICY 9 ?IS >EA1 SEE ,JOHN ,D[]1 ',OCCUPI$ ,JAPAN & ! ,AM]ICAN ,LAKE'1 9 ,AM]ICA'S ,ASIA1 ,M4 ,SELDON & ,E4 ,FRI$MAN 7$S471 7,PAN!ON1 #a#i#g74 ,HE PRES5TS MAT]IAL 9 SUPPORT ( ! ANALYSIS ( 'CRITICAL ,JAPANESE COMM5TATORS' ?AT ',JAPAN WAS TO BE DEVELOP$ NOT ONLY AS A MILIT>Y BASE AGA9/ ,*9A & ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 BUT ALSO AS AN 9DU/RIAL BASE SUPPORT+ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y CAUSE 9 ,S\!A/ ,ASIA'1 A POLICY ?AT WAS OPPOS$ NOT ONLY BY ,RUSSIA BUT ALSO BY VIRTUALLY ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! ,F> ,EA/]N ,COMMISSION4 ,SEE ALSO HIS ESSAY ON ! ,U,S-,JAPAN MILIT>Y RELATION%IP 9 ! ,BULLET9 ( ,CONC]N$ ,ASIAN ,S*OL>S1 ,OCTOB] #aifi 7SEE NOTE #h ABOVE74 ,= /ILL E>LI] BACKGR\ND1 SEE ,GABRIEL ,KOLKO1 ,POLITICS ( ,W> 7,R&OM ,H\SE1 #a#i#f#h74 

.<#d#d.> ,LEO ,MODEL1 ,=EIGN ,AFFAIR1 ,JULY #a#i#f#g1 QUOT$ 9 ,MAGD(F1 OP4 CIT4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bba 3 ,AFT] ,P9KVILLE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,AFT] ,P9KVILLE -- ,UPDAT$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/