,ADDRESS ( ! ,FREE ,CON/ITUTIONALI/S TO ! ,PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 

#ahf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LYS&] ,SPOON] 

,TAGS 3 CITIZ5S ( ! UNIT$ /ATES1 CON/ITUTION ( ! UNIT$ /ATES1 \TSIDE ( ! UNIT$ /ATES1 PEOPLE ( ! UNIT$ /ATES1 SUPREME LAW ( ! L&1 GOV]NM5T ( ! UNIT$ /ATES1 BELONG+ TO ! UNIT$ /ATES1 CITIZ5 ( ! UNIT$ /ATES1 CITIZ5S ( ! UNIT$1 CON/ITUTION ( ! UNIT$4 

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,PHOTO BY ,! ,ALL-,NITE ,IMAGES1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,ADDRESS ( ! ,FREE ,CON/ITUTIONALI/S TO ! ,PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES  
,LYS&] ,SPOON] 
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,A ,FEW FRI5DS ( FRE$OM1 :O BELIEVE ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO BE A SUFFICI5T W>RANT = GIV+ LIB]TY TO ALL ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 MAKE ! FOLL[+ APPEAL AGA9/ ANY SUPPORT BE+ GIV5 TO ! ,REPUBLICAN ,P>TY AT ! 5SU+ ELECTION4 

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,AL?\< ?IS ADDRESS WAS PUBLI%$ PREVI\S TO ! LATE PRESID5TIAL ELECTION1 & WAS DESIGN$ TO HAVE AN EFFECT UPON IT1 IT NEV]!LESS CONTA9S CON/ITUTIONAL OP9IONS1 :I* >E DEEM$ ( P]MAN5T IMPORTANCE1 & WOR?Y ( PRES]VATION4 ,! OP9IONS IT EXPRESSES 9 REG>D TO ! ,REPUBLICAN P>TY WILL ALSO BE P]T95T SO LONG AS ?AT P>TY %ALL OCCUPY ! GR\NDS IT HAS HI!RTO DONE4 

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,! REAL QUE/ION1 ?AT IS N[ CONVULS+ ! NATION1 IS NOT--AS ! ,REPUBLICAN P>TY W\LD HAVE US BELIEVE--:E!R SLAVES %ALL BE C>RI$ FROM ! ,/ATES 9TO ! ,T]RITORIES8 BUT :E!R ANY:]E1 )9 ! LIMITS ( ! ,UNION1 ONE MAN %ALL BE ! PROP]TY ( ANO!R8 

,:E!R A MAN1 :O IS CONFESS$LY TO BE HELD AS PROP]TY1 %ALL BE SO HELD 9 ONE PLACE1 RA!R ?AN 9 ANO!R8 9 A ,/ATE1 RA!R ?AN 9 A ,T]RITORY8 IS A FRIVOL\S & IMP]T95T QUE/ION1 9 :I* ! MAN HIMSELF CAN HAVE NO 9T]E/1 & :I* IS UNWOR?Y ( A MOM5T'S CONSID]ATION AT ?IS TIME1 IF NOT AT ALL TIMES4 ,IF HE IS TO BE A SLAVE AT ALL1 ! LOCALITY 9 :I* HE IS TO BE HELD1 IS A MATT] ( NO IMPORTANCE TO HIM1 & ( LITTLE OR NO IMPORTANCE TO ! NATION AT L>GE1 OR ANY ( ITS PEOPLE4 

,IF !RE >E TO BE SLAVES 9 ! C\NTRY1 A HUMANE MAN1 9/EAD ( FEEL+ HIMSELF DEGRAD$ BY !IR PRES5CE1 W\LD DESIRE TO HAVE !M 9 HIS NEI<BORHOOD1 ?AT HE MI<T GIVE !M HIS SYMPA?Y1 & IF POSSIBLE AMELIORATE !IR CONDITION4 ,& ! MAN1 :O1 LIKE ! ,REPUBLICAN P>TY1 CONS5TS TO ! EXI/5CE ( SLAV]Y1 SO LONG AS ! SLAVES >E BUT KEPT \T ( HIS SI<T1 IS AT HE>T A TYRANT & A BRUTE4 ,& IF1 AT ! SAME TIME1 LIKE ! MORE CONSPICU\S MEMB]S ( ?AT P>TY1 HE MAKES L\D PR(ESSIONS ( DEVOTION TO LIB]TY & HUMANITY1 HE !REBY JU/ AS L\DLY PROCLAIMS HIMSELF A HYPOCRITE4 ,& ?OSE ,REPUBLICAN POLITICIANS1 :O1 9/EAD ( 9SI/+ UPON ! LIB]ATION ( ! SLAVES1 MA9TA91 UND] ! NAME ( ,/ATE ,RI<TS1 ! 9VIOLABILITY ( ! SLAVEHOLD]'S RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 HIS SLAVES1 9 ! ,/ATES1 & YET CLAIM TO BE FRI5DS ( LIB]TY1 BECAUSE !Y CRY1 0,KEEP ! SLAVES :]E !Y >E20 0,NO REMOVAL ( !M 9TO ! ,T]RITORIES20 0,BR+ !M NOT 9TO \R NEI<BORHOOD10-->E EI!R SMITT5 ) /UPIDITY1 AS ) A DISEASE1 OR1 :AT IS MORE PROBABLE1 >E NO?+ ELSE ?AN SELFI%1 C[>DLY1 HYPOCRITICAL1 & UNPR9CIPL$ M51 :O1 = ! SAKE ( GA9+ OR RETA9+ P[]1 >E SIMPLY MAK+ A USELESS NOISE AB\T NO?+1 ) ! PURPOSE ( DIV]T+ M5'S M9DS FROM ! TRUE ISSUE1 & ( ?US PO/PON+ ! 9EVITABLE CONTE/1 :I* EV]Y HONE/ & BRAVE MAN \<T TO BE READY & EAG] TO MEET AT ONCE4 
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,WE REPEAT1 ?AT ! TRUE ISSUE BE=E ! C\NTRY--! ONE :I* SOON] OR LAT] MU/ BE MET--IS NO?+ LESS ?AN ?IS3 ,%ALL ANY PORTION ( ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BE HELD AS PROP]TY AT ALL8 

,SO F> AS ! PRACTICAL SOLUTION ( ?IS QUE/ION DEP5DS UPON EXI/+ POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 IT DEP5DS MA9LY UPON ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,IF ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES--0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&0--DECL>ES ,A TO BE A CITIZ5 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 7WE USE ! T]M CITIZ5 9 ITS TE*NICAL S5SE7 !N1 CON/ITUTIONALLY SPEAK+1 HE IS A CITIZ5 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES EV]Y:]E ?R\<\T ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1--0ANY ?+ 9 ! CON/ITUTION OR LAWS ( ANY ,/ATE TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+20 & NO ,/ATE LAW OR CON/ITUTION CAN DEPOSE HIM FROM ?AT /ATUS1 OR DEPRIVE HIM ( ! 5JOYM5T ( ! LEA/ ( ?OSE RI<TS1 :I* ! NATIONAL CON/ITUTION GU>ANTEES TO ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 ?AT SAME 0SUPREME LAW0 DECL>ES HIM TO BE PROP]TY1 !N1 CON/ITUTIONALLY SPEAK+1 HE IS PROP]TY EV]Y:]E UND] ?AT LAW2 & HIS [N] MAY1 BY VIRTUE ( ?AT LAW1 C>RY HIM1 AS PROP]TY1 9TO ANY & EV]Y ,/ATE 9 ! ,UNION1 & !RE HOLD HIM AS A SLAVE =EV]1--0ANY ?+ 9 ! CON/ITUTIONS OR LAWS ( SU* ,/ATES TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+40 

,!RE CAN1 !RE=E1 BE NO SU* DI/9CTION MADE BETWE5 ! ,/ATES1 AS ?AT ( FREE & SLAVE ,/ATES4 ,ALL >E ALIKE FREE1 OR ALL >E ALIKE SLAVE1 ,/ATES4 ,!Y MU/ ALL NECESS>ILY BE EI!R ! ONE OR ! O!R2 S9CE ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 BE+ 0! SUPREME LAW0 OV] ALL ALIKE1 MU/ NECESS>ILY DET]M9E1 9 ALL ALIKE1 ! /ATUS ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL !RE91 RELATIVE TO ?AT 0SUPREME LAW40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & NOT ANY CON/ITUTIONS OR LAWS ( ! ,/ATES1 MU/ DET]M9E1 9 ! CASE ( EA* & EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 :E!R HE BE A CITIZ5 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & 5TITL$ TO ! B5EFITS & PROTECTION ( ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 OR NOT4 ,IF IT DET]M9ES ?AT ANY P>TICUL> P]SON IS A CITIZ5 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 5TITL$ TO ! B5EFITS & PROTECTION ( ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 !N C]TA9LY HE CANNOT BE DEPRIV$ ( SU* CITIZ5%IP1 OR ( ! PROTECTION & B5EFITS :I* ?AT CITIZ5%IP IMPLIES1 BY ANY SUBORD9ATE OR ,/ATE GOV]NM5T2 =1 9 ?AT CASE1 ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W\LD NOT BE 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&40 ,IF1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DET]M9ES ?AT ANY P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUAL 7NATIVE OR NATURALIZ$7 IS NOT A CITIZ5 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 NOR 5TITL$ TO ! B5EFITS & PROTECTION ( ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 IT CAN DO SO ONLY BECAUSE IT HAS ITSELF DECL>$ HIM TO BE PROP]TY2 S9CE ?AT IS ! ONLY CAUSE ?AT CAN PREV5T HIS BE+ A CITIZ5 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & 5TITL$1 AS SU* CITIZ51 TO ! B5EFITS & PROTECTION ( ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! DECL>ATION ( NO SUBORD9ATE LAW1 ?AT HE IS PROP]TY1 CAN BREAK ! =CE ( ?AT 0SUPREME LAW10 :I* DECL>ES EV]YBODY 7NATIVE & NATURALIZ$7 A CITIZ51 :OM IT DOES NOT ITSELF DECL>E TO BE A SLAVE4 

,! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CANNOT ACT DIRECTLY UPON ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 AS GOV]NM5TS1 REQUIR+ !M TO DO ?IS1 & =BIDD+ !M TO DO ?AT4 ,IT MU/1 !RE=E1 ACT DIRECTLY UPON 9DIVIDUALS2 ELSE IT CANNOT ACT AT ALL4 ,IT IS PRACTICALLY A GOV]NM5T ONLY SO F> AS IT DOES OP]ATE UPON 9DIVIDUALS4 ,IT MU/ NECESS>ILY KN[1 BY VIRTUE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CON/ITUTION1 ! 9DIVIDUALS UPON :OM IT IS TO OP]ATE2 O!RWISE IT W\LD BE 9 ! SITUATION ( A GOV]NM5T NOT KN[+ ITS [N CITIZ5S1 & CONSEQU5TLY NOT KN[+ TO :OM ITS [N DUTIES W]E DUE4 

,! RI<TS1 :I* ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T SECURES TO ! PEOPLE1 >E AS MU* P]SONAL RI<TS1 & COME HOME TO EA* SEP>ATE 9DIVIDUAL AS DIRECTLY & FULLY AS DO ! RI<TS SECUR$ TO !M BY ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS4 ,& ! RI<TS SECUR$ TO ! PEOPLE BY ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 AS MU* IMPLY P]SONAL LIB]TY1 ON ! P>T ( ! PEOPLE1 AS DO ! RI<TS SECUR$ TO !M BY ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS2 =1 )\T P]SONAL LIB]TY1 ! =M] RI<TS CAN NO MORE BE 5JOY$ ?AN ! LATT]4 ,H5CE ! 9DISP5SABLE NECESSITY ?AT ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T %\LD KN[1 = ITSELF1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 :O >E1 & :O >E NOT 7IF ANY >E NOT7 CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 = O!RWISE1 WE REPEAT1 IT CANNOT KN[ TO :OM ITS [N DUTIES >E DUE4 

,TO SAY ?AT IT RE/S ) ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS TO DECIDE UPON :OM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T %ALL ACT1 OR UPON :OM IT %ALL CONF] ITS PROTECTION OR B5EFITS1 IS EQUIVAL5T TO SAY+ ?AT 0! SUPREME LAW0 IS DEP5D5T UPON ! >BITR>Y WILL ( SUBORD9ATE LAWS1 = P]MISSION TO OP]ATE AT ALL AS A LAW4 ,IT IS CONSEQU5TLY EQUIVAL5T TO SAY+ ?AT ! SUBORD9ATE LAW MAY NULLIFY ! SUPREME LAW1 & EXCLUDE IT FROM A ,/ATE ALTOGE!R1 BY SIMPLY DECL>+ ?AT NO P]SONS :ATEV]1 )9 ! ,/ATE1 %ALL BE CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 & CONSEQU5TLY ?AT !RE %ALL BE NO P]SONS1 )9 ! ,/ATE1 UPON :OM ! SUPREME LAW CAN OP]ATE1 OR UPON :OM IT %ALL CONF] ITS B5EFITS4 

,WE REPEAT ! PROPOSITION1 ?AT1 IF ! ,/ATE CON/ITUTIONS OR LAWS CAN DET]M9E :O MAY1 & :O MAY NOT1 BE CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & 5JOY ! B5EFITS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T1 EA* ,/ATE MAY NULLIFY ! CON/ITUTION1 GOV]NM5T1 & LAWS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 )9 SU* ,/ATE1 BY DECL>+ ?AT !RE %ALL BE1 )9 ! ,/ATE1 NO CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 TO 5JOY ?OSE B5EFITS1 OR UPON :OM ! LAWS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES %ALL OP]ATE4 

,IT IS1 !RE=E1 9DISP5SABLE TO ! EXI/5CE & OP]ATION ( ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ?AT ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES %ALL ITSELF DET]M9E UPON :OM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T %ALL OP]ATE1 & :O >E ITS CITIZ5S1 0ANY ?+ 9 ! CON/ITUTIONS OR LAWS ( ! ,/ATES TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+20 & ?AT ! ,/ATE LAWS & CON/ITUTIONS %ALL BE ALL[$ TO HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ! MATT]4 

,TO SAY ?AT A ,/ATE CAN MAKE A MAN A SLAVE1 IS ONLY ANO!R MODE ( SAY+ ?AT A ,/ATE CAN DEPRIVE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( A CITIZ51 & ABOLI% ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 SO F> AS ?AT CITIZ5 IS CONC]N$4 ,& TO SAY ?AT A ,/ATE CAN DEPRIVE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ONE CITIZ51 IS EQUIVAL5T TO SAY+ ?AT A ,/ATE CAN DEPRIVE ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ALL ITS CITIZ5S1 )9 ! ,/ATE4 ,& TO SAY ?AT A ,/ATE CAN DEPRIVE ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ALL ITS CITIZ5S1 )9 ! ,/ATE1 IS EQUIVAL5T TO SAY+ ?AT ! ,/ATE CAN 5TIRELY ABOLI% ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T1 )9 SU* ,/ATE4 ,?IS IS ! NECESS>Y CONCLUSION ( ! DOCTR9E1 ?AT ! ,/ATES CAN MAKE A SLAVE ( ANY 9DIVIDUAL1 :O W\LD O!RWISE BE A CITIZ5 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,IF ALL ! PEOPLE ( ! ,/ATES W]E MADE SLAVES1 PLA9LY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T W\LD HAVE NO CITIZ5S1 UPON :OM IT C\LD OP]ATE2 & IT W\LD1 !RE=E1 BE VIRTUALLY ABOLI%$4 ,&1 9 JU/ SO F> AS ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E MADE SLAVES1 9 JU/ SO F> IS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T ABOLI%$4 

,?IS :OLE !ORY1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! ,/ATES HAVE A RI<T TO MAKE SLAVES ( ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IS NO?+ LESS ?AN A !ORY ?AT ! ,/ATES HAVE ! RI<T TO ABOLI% ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 BY )DRAW+ 9DIVIDUALS FROM ! OP]ATION ( ITS LAWS4 

,TO SAY1 AS IS CON/ANTLY DONE1 ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CON/ITUTION 0RECOGNIZES10 AS SLAVES1 ?OSE :OM ! ,/ATES MAY DECL>E TO BE SLAVES1 IS EQUIVAL5T TO *>G+ ! CON/ITUTION ) ! ABSURDITY ( RECOGNIZ+ ! RI<T ( ! ,/ATES TO MAKE SLAVES ( ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,& TO SAY ?AT ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES RECOGNIZES ! RI<T ( ! ,/ATES TO MAKE SLAVES ( ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IS EQUIVAL5T TO *>G+ IT ) ! ABSURDITY ( ACTUALLY RECOGNIZ+ ! RI<T ( EA* SEP>ATE ,/ATE TO ABOLI% ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 )9 SU* ,/ATE4 

,IT !RE=E RESULTS ?AT ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&10 MU/ NECESS>ILY FIX ! /ATUS ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL RELATIVELY TO ?AT LAW2 & ?AT1 9 FIX+ ! /ATUS ( EA* & EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 RELATIVELY TO ?AT LAW--?AT IS1 9 DET]M9+ :E!R AN 9DIVIDUAL %ALL BE A CITIZ5 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES OR NOT1--IT NECESS>ILY FIXES HIS /ATUS AS A FREEMAN1 OR A SLAVE4 

,& IT NECESS>ILY DOES ?IS 9DEP5D5TLY (1 & 9 DEFIANCE (1 ANY SUBORD9ATE OR ,/ATE LAW2 = O!RWISE IT C\LD NOT BE 0SUPREME40 

,TO SAY ?AT ! NATIONAL CON/ITUTION IS 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&10 & YET ?AT IT DEP5DS UPON EA* ( ?IRTY-?REE ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS TO SAY UPON :OM ?AT SUPREME LAW %ALL OP]ATE1 OR :OM IT %ALL PROTECT1 IS AS ABSURD AS IT W\LD BE TO SAY ?AT ONE MAN IS AN ABSOLUTE MON>* OV] ?IRTY-?REE ,/ATES1 & YET ?AT HE IS :OLLY DEP5D5T UPON ! CONS5T ( ?IRTY-?REE SUBORD9ATE PR9CES1 = P]MISSION TO RULE OV] HIS [N SUBJECTS4 

,IF ! CON/ITUTION1 LAWS1 & GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E TO BE LIMIT$1 9 !IR OP]ATION )9 EA* ,/ATE1 TO SU* 9DIVIDUALS AS ! ,/ATES RESPECTIVELY MAY DESIGNATE1 !N EA* ,/ATE MAY1 SO F> AS ITS [N T]RITORY IS CONC]N$1 DET]M9E :O MAY1 & :O MAY NOT1 S5D & RECEIVE LETT]S BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES MAIL2 :O MAY1 & :O MAY NOT1 GO 9TO A ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CU/OM-H\SE = PURPOSES ( COMM]CE2 :O MAY1 & :O MAY NOT1 GO 9TO A ,UNIT$ ,/ATES C\RT-H\SE2 & SO ON4 ,IF ?IS W]E ! TRUE RELATION BETWE5 \R G5]AL & ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 !N ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CON/ITUTION1 9/EAD ( DECL>+ ?AT 0?IS CON/ITUTION1 & ! LAWS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :I* %ALL BE MADE 9 PURSUANCE !RE(1 & ALL TREATIES MADE1 OR :I* %ALL BE MADE1 UND] ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 %ALL BE ! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&1 & ! JUDGES 9 EV]Y ,/ATE %ALL BE B\ND !REBY1 ANY ?+ 9 ! CON/ITUTION OR LAWS ( ANY ,/ATE TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+10 \<T TO HAVE DECL>$ ?AT ?IS CON/ITUTION1 & ! LAWS & TREATIES MADE BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 PURSUANCE !RE(1 %ALL HAVE EFFECT1 )9 EA* ,/ATE1 ONLY SO F> AS SU* ,/ATE %ALL CONS5T1 OR ONLY UPON SU* 9DIVIDUALS AS SU* ,/ATE %ALL DESIGNATE4 

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,ANO!R PRO( ?AT ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T MU/ DET]M9E = ITSELF1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 :O >E1 & :O >E NOT1 CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IS F\ND 9 ?AT PROVISION ( ! CON/ITUTION1 :I* DECL>ES ?AT 0! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES %ALL GU>ANTEE TO EV]Y ,/ATE ( ?IS ,UNION A REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T40 

,AL?\< ! CON/ITUTION PRESUMES ?AT ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS WILL BE REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5TS1 YET ?IS PROVISION = 0A REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T0 C]TA9LY REQUIRES ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES %ALL GU>ANTEE TO ! ,/ATES SOME?+ MORE ?AN A M]E REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T2 = A GOV]NM5T MAY BE A REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T1 & YET ! CON/ITU5T BODY--OR ! BODY 5JOY+ ! RI<T ( SUFFRAGE--BE SO SMALL1 & ! PR9CIPLES ( ! GOV]NM5T SO EXCLUSIVE & >BITR>Y1 AS TO MAKE ! GOV]NM5T A P]FECT TYRANNY1 AS TO ! GREAT BODY ( ! PEOPLE4 ,A GU>ANTEE1 !RE=E1 ( A REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T SIMPLY1 W\LD HAVE BE5 ( NO PRACTICAL VALUE TO ! PEOPLE4 

,IT IS PLA91 TOO1 FROM ANO!R P>T ( ! CON/ITUTION1 ?AT ! CON/ITUTION DOES NOT MEAN TO IMPLY ?AT A REPRES5TATIVE =M ( GOV]NM5T IS NECESS>ILY A REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T2 BECAUSE IF IT DID1 IT W\LD HAVE MADE SOME SPECIFIC PROVISION AS TO ! EXT5T ( ! SUFFRAGE TO BE 5JOY$ BY ! CON/ITU5T BODY4 ,:]EAS IT LEAVES ?AT MATT] TO BE REGULAT$ AT ! DISCRETION ( ! ,/ATES RESPECTIVELY4"9 

,IT IS C]TA91 !RE=E1 ?AT ! 0REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T10 :I* ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E B\ND TO GU>ANTEE TO ! ,/ATES1 IS SOME?+ ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T FROM1 & MORE ?AN1 A REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T1 REPRES5T+ SU* PORTIONS ONLY ( ! :OLE PEOPLE AS MAY *ANCE TO GET ! P[] ( A ,/ATE 9TO !IR H&S1 WIELD+ IT >BITR>ILY = !IR [N PURPOSES4 

,:AT1 !N1 IS IMPLI$ 9 ?IS 0REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T80 ,?IS C]TA9LY1 IF NO MORE1 IS IMPLI$--= ?IS MU/ NECESS>ILY BE IMPLI$ 9 ! V]Y T]MS1 0A REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T10--VIZ41 ?AT AT LEA/ ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! REPUBLIC %ALL 5JOY ! PROTECTION ( ! LAWS4 

,:ATEV] O!R DISAGREEM5TS !RE MAY BE 9 M5'S M9DS1 AS TO ! ESS5TIAL REQUISITES ( 0A REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T10 C]TA9LY NO MAN 9 HIS S5SES CAN D5Y SO SELF-EVID5T A PROPOSITION AS ?IS1--?AT SU* A GOV]NM5T NECESS>ILY IMPLIES ?AT ALL ! ACKN[L$G$ MEMB]S ( ! REPUBLIC MU/ BE UND] ! PROTECTION ( ! LAWS4 

,?IS BE+ ADMITT$1 IT FOLL[S ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES MU/ GU>ANTEE TO EA* ,/ATE A GOV]NM5T1 ?AT %ALL GIVE ! PROTECTION ( ! LAWS TO ALL ! ACKN[L$G$ MEMB]S OR CITIZ5S ( ! ,/ATE4 

,BUT :O >E ! ACKN[L$G$ MEMB]S OR CITIZ5S ( A ,/ATE8 ,WE ANSW]1 ?AT1 :OMSOEV] ELSE !Y MAY1 OR MAY NOT1 9CLUDE1 !Y MU/ C]TA9LY 9CLUDE ALL ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 )9 ! ,/ATE4 ,?IS MU/ NECESS>ILY BE SO2 BECAUSE IT W\LD BE ABSURD TO SUPPOSE ?AT ?OSE PEOPLE1 9 ! V>I\S ,/ATES1 :O UNIT$ TO =M ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 & !REBY MADE !MSELVES CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 W\LD ALSO UNITE TO GU>ANTEE A REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T = EA* ( ! SEP>ATE ,/ATES1 UNLESS !Y !MSELVES W]E P]SONALLY TO HAVE ! B5EFIT ( ?IS GU>ANTEE4 ,IT C]TA9LY CANNOT BE SUPPOS$ ?AT !Y W\LD BE SO FOOLI% & SUICIDAL AS TO UNITE TO GU>ANTEE TO O!RS A GOV]NM5T )9 ! ,/ATES1 ! B5EFITS ( :I* C\LD BE D5I$ TO !MSELVES1 OR ! P[] ( :I* C\LD BE TURN$ AGA9/ !MSELVES = PURPOSES ( OPPRESSION4 

,?IS GU>ANTEE1 !N1 ON ! P>T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ( A 0REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T0 = EA* ,/ATE1 IS A GU>ANTEE ( A GOV]NM5T1 UND] :I* AT LEA/ ALL ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 )9 ! ,/ATE1 %ALL HAVE ! PROTECTION ( ! LAWS4 

,FROM ?IS PROPOSITION IT FOLL[S 9EVITABLY ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T MU/ DET]M9E1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5T1 :O >E ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 )9 A ,/ATE2 =1 O!RWISE1 IT C\LD NOT KN[ :5 IT HAD FULFILL$ ?IS GU>ANTEE TO !M ( ! PROTECTION ( A REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T4 ,! GU>ANTEE ITSELF MI<T BE :OLLY OR P>TIALLY DEFEAT$1 AT ! PLEASURE ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5T1 IF IT W]E LEFT TO ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5T ITSELF TO DET]M9E :O W]E1 & :O W]E NOT1 AMONG ?OSE CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 )9 ! ,/ATE1 = :OSE B5EFIT ?IS GU>ANTEE HAD BE5 MADE4 ,& ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5T MI<T V]Y LIKELY HAVE GREAT MOTIVE TO DEFEAT ! GU>ANTEE1 EI!R 9 :OLE OR 9 P>T4 

,IT MU/ BE BORNE 9 M9D ?AT ?IS GU>ANTEE ( A REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T TO ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 )9 A ,/ATE1 IS A GU>ANTEE AGA9/ ! OPPRESSIONS ( ANY ANTI-REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T1 ?AT MAY SUCCE$ 9 OBTA9+ P[] 9 A ,/ATE4 ,YET CLE>LY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES C\LD NOT PROTECT ITS [N CITIZ5S AGA9/ SU* ANTI-REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T )9 ! ,/ATES1 UNLESS IT C\LD DET]M9E1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 :O ITS [N CITIZ5S1 )9 ! ,/ATES1 W]E4 

,WE 9SI/ ?AT ?IS >GUM5T IS 5TIRELY CONCLUSIVE TO PROVE ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T MU/ DET]M9E1 = ITSELF1 :O >E ITS [N CITIZ5S )9 ! RESPECTIVE ,/ATES2 & ?AT ! CON/ITUTIONS & LAWS ( ! ,/ATES !MSELVES CAN HAVE NO?+ :ATEV] TO DO ) ! MATT]4 

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,/ILL FUR!R PRO( ?AT ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & NOT ! CON/ITUTION OR LAWS ( ! ,/ATES1 CONTROLS ! CITIZ5%IP ( EV]Y P]SON BORN 9 ! C\NTRY1 IS F\ND 9 ! FACT ?AT A SIMPLE ACT ( CONGRESS IS ACKN[L$G$ BY ALL TO BE SUFFICI5T1 9 DEFIANCE ( ALL ,/ATE LAWS & CON/ITUTIONS1 TO CONF] ! PRIVILEGE ( ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CITIZ5%IP UPON P]SONS ( =EIGN BIR?4 ,IT W\LD C]TA9LY BE V]Y ABSURD TO GIVE TO CONGRESS SU* A P[] 9 REG>D TO =EIGN]S1 IF NEI!R ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CON/ITUTION1 NOR ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T HAD ANY SIMIL> P[] 9 REG>D TO ! NATIVES ( ! C\NTRY2 =1 9 ?AT CASE1 ! CON/ITUTION W\LD DO MORE = =EIGN]S ?AN = NATIVES4 
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,WE !RE=E HOLD IT DEMON/RABLE1 AT LEA/1 IF NOT SELF-EVID5T1 ?AT ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&10 MU/1 SIMPLY BY VIRTUE ( ITS SUPREMACY1 FIX ! /ATUS ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS2 ?AT IT MU/ OP]ATE DIRECTLY UPON EA* & EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 NATIVE OR NATURALIZ$1 DECL>+ HIM 5TITL$1 AS A CITIZ5 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 TO ! PROTECTION & B5EFITS ( ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 OR DECL>+ HIM TO BE PROP]TY1 SUBJECT ONLY TO ! WILL ( HIS [N]1 & !RE=E 5TITL$ TO NO P]SONAL PROTECTION AT ALL1 EI!R FROM ! G5]AL OR ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS4 

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,IF IT RE/S ) ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS TO SAY :E!R ! NATIVES ( ! C\NTRY %ALL BE CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & HAVE ! PROTECTION ( ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 OR BE PROP]TY1 SUBJECT ONLY TO ! WILL ( !IR [N]S1 !N C]TA9LY IT RE/S EQUALLY ) ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS TO SAY :E!R NATURALIZ$ P]SONS %ALL BE CITIZ5S OR SLAVES2 = NATURALIZATION BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T CAN AT MO/ BUT PUT ! P]SONS NATURALIZ$ ON A LEVEL ) ! NATIVES4 ,& ?AT IS ALL ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( NATURALIZATION IMPLIES4 

,?IS QUE/ION !RE=E1 AS TO ! P[] ( ! ,/ATES TO CONV]T M5 9TO PROP]TY1 IS NOT ONE ?AT CONC]NS ! NATIVES ( ! C\NTRY ALONE4 ,IT CONC]NS ALL IMMIGRANTS AS WELL2 S9CE ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T CAN C]TA9LY HAVE NO MORE P[] TO PROTECT IMMIGRANTS AGA9/ BE+ R$UC$ TO PROP]TY1 ?AN IT HAS TO PROTECT ?OSE BORN ON ! SOIL4 
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,!RE >E1 !N1 ?REE DECISIVE PRO(S ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T MU/ DET]M9E = ITSELF1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 :O >E1 & :O >E NOT 7IF ANY >E NOT7 CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,! FIR/ ( !SE PRO(S IS1 ?AT O!RWISE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T C\LD NOT KN[ ITS [N CITIZ5S1 OR CONSEQU5TLY KN[ TO :OM ITS [N PROP] & ORD9>Y DUTIES W]E DUE4 

,! SECOND PRO( IS1 ?AT O!RWISE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T C\LD NOT KN[ :5 IT HAD FULFILL$ ITS GU>ANTEE ( 0A REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T0 TO ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 )9 ! ,/ATES RESPECTIVELY4 

,! ?IRD PRO( IS1 ?AT O!RWISE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CON/ITUTION & LAWS C\LD EI!R DO MORE = =EIGN]S 7BY NATURALIZATION7 ?AN !Y CAN DO = ?OSE BORN ON ! SOIL2 OR ELSE NATURALIZATION ITSELF1 BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T1 W\LD BE AN UTT]LY USELESS PROCESS = PROTECT+ ! P]SONS NATURALIZ$ AGA9/ BE+ R$UC$ TO PROP]TY BY ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5T4 
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,ASSUM+ IT N[ TO BE SETTL$1 ?AT ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES FIXES ! /ATUS ( EV]Y P]SON1 AS A CITIZ5 OR A SLAVE2 & ?AT IT DOES SO1 0ANY ?+ 9 ! CON/ITUTION OR LAWS ( ANY ,/ATE TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+20 LET US ASC]TA9 :AT ITS DECISION ON ?IS PO9T IS4 ,TO DO SO1 WE HAVE ONLY TO ASC]TA9 BY & = :OM ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS E/ABLI%$4 ,?IS ! 9/RUM5T ITSELF HAS EXPLICITLY 9=M$ US4 ,IT DECL>ES ITSELF TO HAVE BE5 E/ABLI%$ BY 0! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES10 = ! B5EFIT ( 0!MSELVES & !IR PO/]ITY40 ,FROM ?IS DECL>ATION ( ! CON/ITUTION ITSELF !RE CAN BE NO APPEAL4 ,& ! 9/RUM5T IS TO BE 9T]PRET$ ?R\<\T CONSI/5TLY ) ?IS DECL>ATION4 ,?US 9T]PRET$1 IT IMPLIES ?AT ALL ! !N 0PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES10 ) !IR 0PO/]ITY10 W]E TO BE CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 &1 AS SU*1 TO HAVE ! B5EFIT & PROTECTION ( ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T2 & CONSEQU5TLY ?AT NONE ( !M C\LD BE LAWFULLY R$UC$ TO ! CONDITION ( PROP]TY4 ,IT ALSO AU?ORIZES CONGRESS TO NATURALIZE ALL P]SONS ( =EIGN BIR?1 COM+ 9TO ! C\NTRY1 )\T DISCRIM9AT+ BETWE5 ?OSE ?AT MAY COME 9 VOLUNT>ILY1 & ?OSE ?AT MAY BE BR\<T 9 AGA9/ !IR WILL4 ,IT ALSO AU?ORIZES ,CONGRESS 0TO PUNI% (F5SES AGA9/ ! LAW ( NATIONS20 & ?US AU?ORIZES ! PUNI%M5T ( ALL ATTEMPTS TO 5?RALL$ ! PEOPLE ( O!R NATIONS1 :E!R !Y COME H]E VOLUNT>ILY1 OR >E BR\<T H]E BY =CE4 ,IT ALSO1 )\T MAK+ ANY DISCRIM9ATION AS TO P]SONS1 AU?ORIZES ! WRIT ( HABEAS CORPUS1 :I* D5IES ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 MAN4 ,IT ALSO REQUIRES ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO 0GU>ANTEE TO EV]Y ,/ATE 9 ! ,UNION A REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T20 UND] :I* AT LEA/ ALL ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 )9 ! ,/ATE1 %ALL HAVE ! PROTECTION ( ! LAWS4 ,9 !SE V>I\S WAYS1 ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&10 HAS MADE ! PR9CIPLE ( PROP]TY 9 MAN IMPOSSIBLE ANY:]E )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 & HAS EMP[]$ ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T TO MA9TA9 ?AT PR9CIPLE1 9 OPPOSITION TO ANY SUBORD9ATE OR ,/ATE GOV]NM5T4 

,WE >E AW>E ?AT ! SUPREME C\RT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 ! ,DR$ ,SCOTT CASE1 HAVE ASS]T$ ?AT ! PHRASE1 0! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES10 DID NOT MEAN ALL ! PEOPLE1 BUT ONLY ALL ! :ITE PEOPLE1 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,& !Y ATTEMPT TO =TIFY ?IS OP9ION BY SAY+ ?AT ! ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE ITSELF DID NOT MEAN TO ASS]T ?AT 0ALL M5 W]E CREAT$ EQUAL10 BUT ONLY ?AT ALL :ITE M5 W]E CREAT$ EQUAL4 ,TO ?IS VIEW ( ! CASE WE WILL1 AT ?IS TIME1 (F] NO O!R ANSW] ?AN ?IS3 ?AT1 IF ?IS FAM\S CLAUSE ( ! ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE IS TO BE 9T]PRET$ ACCORD+ TO ?IS OP9ION ( ! SUPREME C\RT1 ! :OLE 9/RUM5T MU/ ALSO BE 9T]PRET$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) IT2 & ! NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE W\LD !N BE1 ?AT ! ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE ABSOLV$ ONLY ! :ITE PEOPLE ( ! C\NTRY FROM !IR ALLEGIANCE TO ! ,5GLI% CR[N1 LEAV+ ! BLACK PEOPLE /ILL SUBJECT TO ?AT ALLEGIANCE1 & 5TITL$ TO CORRESPOND+ PROTECTION4 ,?US ,QUE5 ,VICTORIA W\LD HAVE N[1 9 \R MID/1 F\R MILLIONS ( SUBJECTS1 :OSE RI<TS %E \<T AT ONCE TO TAKE C>E (1 AS %E W\LD UND\BT$LY BE V]Y WILL+ TO DO4 

,WE >E ALSO AW>E1 ?AT1 AL?\< 0! IDEA ?AT !RE C\LD BE PROP]TY 9 MAN0 WAS /UDI\SLY EXCLUD$ FROM ! CON/ITUTION ITSELF1 IT IS NEV]!LESS HI/ORICALLY KN[N ?AT AN UND]/&+ EXI/$1 \TSIDE ( ! CON/ITUTION1 AMONG SOME ( ! FRAM]S1 & O!R POLITICIANS ( ?AT DAY1 ?AT1 IF ! HONE/ *>ACT] ( ! 9/RUM5T ITSELF %\LD BE SUCCESSFUL 9 SECUR+ ITS ADOPTION BY ! PEOPLE1 !SE FRAM]S & O!RS W\LD !N USE !IR 9FLU5CE TO GIVE TO ! 9/RUM5T AN 9T]PRETATION FAVORABLE TO ! MA9T5ANCE ( SLAV]Y4 ,& WE >E AW>E ?AT IT IS N[ CLAIM$ ?AT ?IS \TSIDE UND]/&+ \<T TO BE SUB/ITUT$1 AS IT HI!RTO HAS BE51 = ! 9/RUM5T ITSELF1 & ACKN[L$G$ AS ! REAL CON/ITUTION1 SO F> AS SLAV]Y IS CONC]N$4 

,\R ANSW] ON ?IS PO9T IS1--?AT ?IS \TSIDE UND]/&+ C\LD HAVE EXI/$ AMONG BUT A SMALL PORTION ( ! :OLE PEOPLE2 ?AT !Y D>$ NOT 9CORPORATE IT 9 ! CON/ITUTION ITSELF2 ?AT1 9/EAD ( BE+ ANY P>T ( ! CON/ITUTION ITSELF1 IT WAS BUT A TRAITOR\S CONSPIRACY AGA9/ ! V]Y CON/ITUTION1 :I* !Y1 ) O!RS1 9DUC$ ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO ADOPT2 ?AT IT C\LD HAVE HAD NO LEGAL EFFECT OR VALIDITY1 EV5 AMONG ?OSE :O W]E ACTUALLY P>TIES TO IT2 & ?AT WE1 ( ?IS DAY1 W\LD NOT ONLY BE SLAVES1 BUT IDIOTS1 IF WE W]E TO ALL[ ! CRIM9AL PURPOSES ( !SE M5 TO BE SUB/ITUT$ = ! CON/ITUTION2 & ?US SUFF] \RSELVES1 9 EFFECT1 TO BE GOV]N$ BY A SET ( DEAD TRAITORS & TYRANTS1 :O NO LONG] HAVE ANY RI<TS 9 ?IS WORLD2 :O1 :5 LIV+1 D>$ PUT ONLY HONE/ PURPOSES 9TO ! CON/ITUTION2 & :O1 IF N[ LIV+1 W\LD DES]VE TO BE PUNI%$ = !IR TREASON & !IR CRIMES1 RA!R ?AN REV]5C$ AS PATRIOTS & /ATESM51 & TAK5 AS AU?ORITY AS TO ! TRUE MEAN+ ( ! CON/ITUTION4 

,! FRAUDUL5T 9T]PRETATION GIV5 TO ! CON/ITUTION AT L>GE1 9 RESPECT TO SLAV]Y1 HAS BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ MA9LY BY MEANS ( ! FRAUDUL5T 9T]PRETATION GIV5 TO ! ONE WORD 0FREE10 9 ! CLAUSE RELATIVE TO REPRES5TATION & DIRECT TAXATION4 ,! CONSPIRATORS AGA9/ FRE$OM1 ) !IR DUPES1 HAVE1 FROM ! F\NDATION ( ! GOV]NM5T1 CLAIM$ ?AT ?IS WORD WAS US$ TO DESCRIBE A FREE P]SON1 AS DI/+UI%$ FROM A SLAVE4 ,:]E AS IT HAD BE5 US$ 9 ,5GL& = C5TURIES1 & 9 ?IS C\NTRY FROM ITS FIR/ SETTLEM5T1 TO DESCRIBE A NATIVE OR NATURALIZ$ P]SON1 AS DI/+UI%$ FROM AN ALI54 ,?US \R COLONIAL *>T]S GU>ANTE$ ?AT P]SONS BORN 9 ! COLONIES %\LD 0BE FREE & NATURAL SUBJECTS1 AS IF BORN 9 ! REALM ( ,5GL&40 ,:5 ! TR\BLES >OSE BETWE5 ?IS & ! MO!R C\NTRY1 9 REG>D TO TAXATION1 \R FA!RS 9SI/$ ?AT !Y W]E 0FREE ,BRITI% SUBJECTS10 & !RE=E C\LD NOT BE TAX$ )\T !IR CONS5T4 ,&1 UP TO ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! WORDS FREE & FREEM51 IF NOT ! ONLY WORDS US$1 W]E ! WORDS PR9CIPALLY US$1 TO DESIGNATE NATIVE OR NATURALIZ$ P]SONS1 AS DI/+UI%$ FROM ALI5S4 

,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! WORD 0FREE0 CONT9U$ TO BE US$ 9 ?IS POLITICAL S5SE1 ?R\< ! C\NTRY G5]ALLY4 ,&1 AT ! TIME ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS ADOPT$1 IT WAS SO US$ 9 ! CON/ITUTION ( ,GEORGIA1 ,>T4 ,X,I42 9 ! G5]AL NATURALIZATION LAW ( ,GEORGIA1 PASS$ ,FEB4 #g1 #a#g#h#e1 ,SEC4 #b2 9 A /ATUTE ( ,GEORGIA1 PASS$ ,FEB4 #b#b1 #a#g#h#e1 GRANT+ L&S TO ! ,C\NT ,D',E/A+1 & MAK+ HIM 0A FREE CITIZ50 ( ! ,/ATE2 9 ! CON/ITUTION ( ,S\? ,C>OL9A1 ,SEC4 #a#c2 9 A /ATUTE ( ,S\? ,C>OL9A1 PASS$ ,M>* #b#g1 #a#g#h#g1 NATURALIZ+ ,HU< ,ALEX&] ,NIXON2 9 ! CON/ITUTION ( ,NOR? ,C>OL9A1 ,SEC4 #d2 9 ! CON/ITUTION ( ,P5NSYLVANIA1 ,SEC4 #d#b2 9 NUM]\S ACTS ( ! LEGISLATURE ( ,MASSA*USETTS1 FROM ! YE> #a<d TO #a#g#h#i1 NATURALIZ+ ! 9DIVIDUALS NAM$ 9 !M2 9 ! *>T]S ( ,RHODE ,ISL& & ,CONNECTICUT1 !N CONT9U$ 9 =CE AS CON/ITUTIONS2 9 ! ,>TICLES ( ,CONF$]ATION1 ,>T4 ,I,V41 ,SEC4 #a2 & 9 ! ,ORD9ANCE ( #a#g#h#g4 ,! /ATUTES & CON/ITUTIONS ( SEV]AL ( ! ,/ATES US$ ! WORDS FREEMAN & FREEM5 9 A NE>LY SIMIL>1 IF NOT 9 PRECISELY ! SAME1 S5SE4 

,USAGE1 !RE=E1--EV5 ! USAGE ( ! !N /RONGE/ SLAVEHOLD+ ,/ATES !MSELVES--& ALL LEGAL RULES ( 9T]PRETATION APPLICABLE TO ! CASE--& ESPECIALLY ?AT CONTROLL+ RULE1 :I* REQUIRES A MEAN+ FAVORABLE TO JU/ICE1 RA!R ?AN 9JU/ICE1 TO BE GIV5 TO ! WORDS ( ALL LEGAL 9/RUM5TS :ATSOEV]--REQUIR$ ?AT ! WORD 0FREE10 9 ! CON/ITUTIONAL PROVISION RELATIVE TO REPRES5TATION & DIRECT TAXATION1 %\LD BE UND]/OOD 9 ?IS POLITICAL S5SE1 TO DI/+UI% ! NATIVE & NATURALIZ$ 9HABITANTS ( ! C\NTRY FROM ALI5S1 & NOT TO DI/+UI% FREE P]SONS FROM SLAVES4 

,BUT SLAV]Y1 :I* CAN BE MA9TA9$ ONLY BY =CE & FRAUD1 HAS HI!RTO SUCCE$$ 9 PALM+ (F UPON ! C\NTRY A FALSE 9T]PRETATION ( ! WORD 0FREE40 ,& IT IS ONLY BY GIV+ A FRAUDUL5T MEAN+ TO ! WORD 0FREE10 ?AT M5 HAVE BE5 MADE TO BELIEVE ?AT ! CON/ITUTION RECOGNIZ$ ! LEGALITY ( SLAV]Y4 ,)\T ! AID ( ?IS FRAUD1 ! O!R CLAUSES1 N[ HELD TO REF] TO SLAVES1 C\LD PROBABLY NEV] HAVE HAD SU* A MEAN+ FA/5$ UPON !M2 S9CE !RE IS NO?+ 9 !IR LANGUAGE ?AT JU/IFIES SU* A MEAN+4 

,IF WE WI% TO 5JOY ANY LIB]TY \RSELVES1 OR DO ANY ?+ = ! LIB]ATION ( O!RS1 IT IS TIME = US TO EMANCIPATE \RSELVES FROM \R 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL BONDAGE TO ! FRAUDS & CRIMES ( DEAD SLAVEHOLD]S & !IR ACCOMPLICES1 & EI!R READ & EXECUTE \R CON/ITUTION AS IT IS1 OR TE> IT 9 PIECES4 ,IF ! LANGUAGE ( \R CON/ITUTION IS NOT TO BE CONSID]$ AS CONVEY+ ITS TRUE MEAN+1 NOR 9T]PRET$ BY ! SAME RULES BY :I* ALL \R O!R LEGAL 9/RUM5TS >E 9T]PRET$2 IF IT IS TO BE PRESUM$1 AS IT EV] H]ET(ORE HAS BE51 ?AT NEI!R HONE/ M51 NOR HONE/ MOTIVES C\LD HAVE HAD ANY P>T 9 ! =MATION OR ADOPTION ( ! CON/ITUTION2 BUT WE >E TO SE>*1 \TSIDE ( ! 9/RUM5T1 = ! PRIVATE MOTIVES ( EV]Y ROBB]1 KIDNAPP]1 HYPOCRITE1 SC\NDREL1 & TYRANT1 :O LIV$ AT ! TIME IT WAS ADOPT$1 & ACCEPT ?OSE MOTIVES1 9 PLACE ( ?OSE WRITT5 9 ! 9/RUM5T ITSELF1 AS ! ONLY LAWFUL PR9CIPLES ( ! GOV]NM5T1--IF SU* IS ! TRUE MODE ( ASC]TA9+ ! LEGAL IMPORT ( WRITT5 CON/ITUTIONS1 ! SOON] !Y >E ALL GIV5 TO ! FLAMES1 ! BETT] IT WILL BE = ! LIB]TIES ( MANK9D1 & ! BETT] WE %ALL V9DICATE \R [N CLAIMS TO ! POSSESSION ( COMMON HONE/Y & COMMON S5SE4 ,IF WE D>E NOT CORRECT ! FRAUDS ( ! PA/1 & 9T]PRET \R CON/ITUTION BY ! SAME RULES BY :I* IT \<T TO HAVE BE5 9T]PRET$ FROM ! FIR/1--IF1 9 O!R WORDS1 WE D>E NOT DECIDE = \RSELVES :AT ! TRUE PR9CIPLES ( \R CON/ITUTION >E1 & :E!R ?OSE PR9CIPLES HAVE BE5 OBEY$ OR VIOLAT$ BY ?OSE APPO9T$ TO ADM9I/] IT--WE >E \RSELVES WRET*$ C[>DS & SLAVES1 FIT TO BE US$ AS 9/RUM5TS = 5SLAV+ EA* O!R4 

,BUT1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 WE KN[ ?AT SLAV]Y HAS NEV] HAD ANY CON/ITUTIONAL EXI/5CE 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 = !SE REASONS3-- 

#a4 ,! COLONIAL *>T]S1 ! CON/ITUTIONAL LAW ( ! COLONIES1 REQUIR$ ! LEGISLATION ( ! COLONIES TO 0BE CONSONANT TO REASON1 & CON=MABLE1 AS NE>LY AS CIRCUM/ANCES W\LD ALL[1 TO ! LAWS1 CU/OMS1 & RI<TS ( ! REALM ( ,5GL&40 ,?IS MADE SLAV]Y ILLEGAL UP TO ! TIME ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

#b4 ,( ALL ! ,/ATE CON/ITUTIONS E/ABLI%$ & EXI/+ 9 #a<g OR #a#g#h#i1 :5 ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS FRAM$ & ADOPT$1 NOT ONE E/ABLI%$ OR AU?ORIZ$ SLAV]Y4 ,IT WAS1 !RE=E1 IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ! SLAV]Y !N EXI/+ C\LD HAVE BE5 LEGAL4 

#c4 ,EV5 ( ! /ATUTE LAW ( ! ,/ATES1 ON ! SUBJECT ( SLAV]Y1 9 #a<g & #a<i 7ADMITT+ SU* /ATUTE LAW TO BE1 AS IT REALLY WAS NOT1 CON/ITUTIONAL71 NONE DESCRIB$ ! P]SONS TO BE 5SLAV$ ) SU* ACCURACY AS ?AT MANY1 IF 9DE$ ANY1 9DIVIDUALS C\LD EV] HAVE BE5 ID5TIFI$ BY IT AS SLAVES4 

,ON ! #a#i? ( ,AUGU/1 #a#h#e1 ,S5ATOR ,MASON1 ( ,VIRG9IA1 CONFESS$1 9 ! ,S5ATE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ?AT1 SO F> AS HE KNEW1 SLAV]Y HAD NEV] BE5 E/ABLI%$ BY POSITIVE LAW 9 A S+LE ,/ATE 9 ! ,UNION4 ,& 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES1 ON ! #a#d? DAY ( ,M>* LA/1 ,MR4 ,CURRY1 ( ,ALABAMA1 SAID1-- 

0,NO LAW1 ,I BELIEVE1 IS F\ND ON \R /ATUTE BOOKS AU?ORIZ+ ! 9TRODUCTION ( SLAV]Y2 &1 IF POSITIVE PRECEPT IS ESS5TIAL TO ! VALID EXI/5CE ( SLAV]Y1 ! T5URE BY :I* \R SLAVES >E HELD IS ILLEGAL & UNC]TA940 

,HE ALSO1 9 ! SAME SPEE*1 SAID1-- 

0,IT HAS BE5 FREQU5TLY /AT$ 9 CONGRESS1 ?AT SLAV]Y WAS NOT 9TRODUC$ 9TO A S+LE ,BRITI% COLONY BY AU?ORITY ( LAW2 & ?AT !RE IS NOT A /ATUTE 9 ANY SLAVEHOLD+ ,/ATE LEGALIZ+ ,AFRICAN SLAV]Y1 OR 'CON/ITUT+ ! ORIG9AL BASIS & F\NDATION ( TITLE TO SLAVE PROP]TY4' 0 

,& HE MADE NO D5IAL ( ! TRU? ( ?IS /ATEM5T4 

,?US WE HAVE ABUNDANT EVID5CE ?AT SLAV]Y HAD NEV] HAD ANY LEGAL EXI/5CE 9 ! C\NTRY1 UP TO ! ADOPTION ( ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,&1 IF IT HAD NO LEGAL EXI/5CE AT ! TIME ( ! ADOPTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CON/ITUTION1 ?AT CON/ITUTION NECESS>ILY MADE CITIZ5S ( ALL ! !N PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 = !RE CAN BE NO QUE/ION ?AT IT MADE CITIZ5S ( ALL1 UNLESS ( SU* AS W]E !N LEGALLY HELD 9 BONDAGE4 

,BUT1 EV5 IF ! CON/ITUTIONS & /ATUTE-BOOKS ( EV]Y ,/ATE HAD LEGALIZ$ SLAV]Y 9 ! MO/ UNEQUIVOCAL MANN]1 ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W\LD NEV]!LESS HAVE GIV5 FRE$OM TO ALL2 BECAUSE IT MADE 0! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES10 )\T DISCRIM9ATION1 CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 & WAS !NCE=? TO BE 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&10 0ANY ?+0 !N EXI/+ 91 AS WELL AS EV] AFT]W>DS TO BE 9CORPORAT$ 9TO1 0! CON/ITUTION OR LAWS ( ANY ,/ATE TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+40 

,! ADOPTION ( A NEW CON/ITUTION IS A REVOLUTION2 & ! OBJECT ( REVOLUTIONS IS TO GET RID (1 & NOT TO P]PETUATE1 OLD ABUSES & WRONGS4 ,ALL NEW CON/ITUTIONS1 !RE=E1 %\LD BE CON/RU$ AS FAVORABLY AS POSSIBLE = ! ACCOMPLI%M5T ( ?AT 5D4 ,= ?IS REASON1 9 CON/RU+ ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 NO NOTICE CAN BE TAK5 ( 7) ! VIEW ( P]PETUAT+7 ANY ABUSES OR CRIMES TOL]AT$1 OR EV5 AU?ORIZ$1 BY ! !N EXI/+ ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS4 

,:AT EXCUSE1 !N1 HAS ANY ONE = SAY+1 ?AT1 CON/ITUTIONALLY SPEAK+1 \R C\NTRY IS NOT A FREE ONE8 FREE = ! :OLE HUMAN RACE8 & ESPECIALLY = ALL BORN ON ! SOIL8 
.<,BACK TO ,TABLE ( ,CONT5TS.> ,I,X4 

,! PALPABLE TRU? IS1 ?AT ! F\R MILLIONS ( HUMAN BE+S N[ HELD 9 BONDAGE 9 ?IS C\NTRY >E1 9 ! VIEW ( ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 FULL CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 5TITL$1 )\T ANY QUALIFICATION1 ABATEM5T1 OR DISCRIM9ATION :ATEV]1 TO ALL ! RI<TS1 PRIVILEGES1 & PROTECTION :I* ?AT CON/ITUTION GU>ANTEES TO ! :ITE CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & ?AT !IR CITIZ5%IP HAS BE5 )HELD FROM !M ONLY BY IGNORANCE1 & FRAUD1 & =CE4 

,SU* BE+ ! TRU? 9 REG>D TO ?IS PORTION ( ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IT IS ! CON/ITUTIONAL DUTY ( BO? ! G5]AL & ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS TO PROTECT !M 9 !IR P]SONAL LIB]TY1 & 9 ALL ! O!R RI<TS :I* ?OSE GOV]NM5TS SECURE TO ! O!R CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,IT IS AS MU* ! CON/ITUTIONAL DUTY ( ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T1 AS ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 TO PROTECT ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 !IR P]SONAL LIB]TY2 = IF IT CANNOT SECURE TO !M !IR P]SONAL LIB]TY1 IT CAN SECURE TO !M NO O!R ( ! RI<TS OR PRIVILEGES :I* IT IS B\ND TO SECURE TO !M4 

,TO 5ABLE ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T TO SECURE TO ! PEOPLE !IR P]SONAL LIB]TY1 IT IS SUPPLI$ ) ALL NECESS>Y P[]S4 ,IT IS AU?ORIZ$ TO USE ! WRIT ( HABEAS CORPUS1 :I* ( ITSELF IS SUFFICI5T TO SET AT LIB]TY ALL P]SONS ILLEGALLY RE/RA9$4 ,IT IS AU?ORIZ$ TO >M & DISCIPL9E ! PEOPLE AS MILITIA1 & ?US 5ABLE !M TO DO SOME?+ T[>DS DEF5D+ !IR [N LIB]TY4 ,IT IS AU?ORIZ$ 0TO MAKE ALL LAWS :I* %ALL BE NECESS>Y & PROP] = C>RY+ 9TO EXECUTION0 ! P[]S SPECIFICALLY 5UM]AT$4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 IT IS AU?ORIZ$ 0TO MAKE ALL LAWS :I* %ALL BE NECESS>Y & PROP] = C>RY+0 HOME TO EA* 9DIVIDUAL EV]Y RI<T & EV]Y PRIVILEGE :I* ! CON/ITUTION DESIGNS TO SECURE TO HIM2 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES C\RTS >E REQUIR$ TO TAKE COGNIZANCE 0( ALL CASES 9 LAW & EQUITY >IS+ UND] ?IS CON/ITUTION1 ! LAWS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & TREATIES MADE1 OR :I* %ALL BE MADE1 UND] !IR AU?ORITY40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 !Y >E AU?ORIZ$ TO TAKE COGNIZANCE ( ALL CASES 9 :I* ! QUE/ION TO BE TRI$ IS ! RI<T :I* ANY 9DIVIDUAL HAS UND] ! CON/ITUTION1 LAWS1 OR TREATIES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E ALSO B\ND TO GU>ANTEE TO ALL ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 )9 ! ,/ATES1 ! B5EFITS ( A REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T4 ,!RE IS1 !N1 OBVI\SLY NO LACK ( P[]S DELEGAT$ TO ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T1 TO SECURE ! P]SONAL LIB]TY ( ALL ITS CITIZ5S4 

,?AT IT IS AS MU* ! DUTY ( ! G5]AL1 AS ( ! ,/ATE1 GOV]NM5TS TO SECURE ! P]SONAL LIB]TY ( ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 WILL BE OBVI\S FROM ! FOLL[+ CONSID]ATIONS3-- 

,! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES LIVE UND]1 & >E CITIZ5S (1 TWO GOV]NM5TS1 ! G5]AL & ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS4 ,!SE TWO GOV]NM5TS >E MA9LY 9DEP5D5T ( EA* O!R2 HAV+1 = ! MO/ P>T1 DI/9CT P[]S1 DI/9CT SPH]ES ( ACTION1 & [+ DI/9CT DUTIES TO ! CITIZ54 ,! PURPOSE ( ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T IS TO SECURE TO ! 9DIVIDUAL ! 5JOYM5T ( A C]TA9 5UM]AT$ CLASS ( RI<TS & PRIVILEGES2 & ! OBJECT ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS IS TO SECURE HIM 9 ! 5JOYM5T ( C]TA9 O!R RI<TS & PRIVILEGES4 ,BUT BO? GOV]NM5TS HAVE AT LEA/ ONE DUTY 9 COMMON1 VIZ41 ?AT ( SECUR+ P]SONAL LIB]TY TO ! CITIZ54 ,?IS MU/ NECESS>ILY BE A DUTY COMMON TO BO? GOV]NM5TS1 BECAUSE ! 5JOYM5T ( EA* ( ! CLASSES ( RI<TS & PRIVILEGES BE=E M5TION$1 TO WIT1 ?OSE ?AT >E TO BE SECUR$ BY ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T1 & ?OSE ?AT >E TO BE SECUR$ BY ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 NECESS>ILY IMPLY ! POSSESSION ( P]SONAL LIB]TY ON HIS P>T2 S9CE )\T ?IS LIB]TY1 NONE ( ! O!R RI<TS OR PRIVILEGES TO BE SECUR$ TO HIM BY EI!R GOV]NM5T1 CAN BE 5JOY$4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y1 !RE=E1 ?AT EA* GOV]NM5T %\LD HAVE ! RI<T TO SECURE HIS LIB]TY TO HIM1 ELSE IT CANNOT SECURE TO HIM ! O!R RI<TS & PRIVILEGES :I* IT IS B\ND TO SECURE TO HIM4 ,IT IS AS NECESS>Y ?AT ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T %\LD HAVE P[] TO SECURE TO HIM P]SONAL LIB]TY1 9 ORD] ?AT HE MAY 5JOY ALL ! O!R RI<TS & PRIVILEGES :I* ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T IS B\ND TO SECURE TO HIM1 AS IT IS ?AT ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS %\LD HAVE P[] TO SECURE HIS P]SONAL LIB]TY1 9 ORD] ?AT HE MAY 5JOY ALL ! O!R RI<TS & PRIVILEGES :I* IT IS ! DUTY ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS TO SECURE TO HIM4 ,IT W\LD BE ABSURD TO SAY ?AT ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T IS B\ND TO SECURE TO HIM C]TA9 RI<TS & PRIVILEGES1 :I* IMPLI$ ! POSSESSION ( P]SONAL LIB]TY ON HIS P>T1 AS AN 9DISP5SABLE PRE-REQUISITE TO HIS 5JOYM5T ( !M1 & YET ?AT IT HAD NO P[] ( ITS [N TO SECURE HIS LIB]TY2 = ?AT W\LD BE EQUIVAL5T TO SAY+ ?AT ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T C\LD NOT P]=M ITS [N DUTIES TO ! CITIZ51 UNLESS ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS %\LD HAVE FIR/ PLAC$ HIM 9 A CONDITION TO HAVE ?OSE DUTIES P]=M$1--A ?+ :I* ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS MI<T NEGLECT OR REFUSE TO DO4 

,! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS HAVE EVID5TLY NO MORE RI<T TO 9T]F]E TO PREV5T ! CITIZ5'S 5JOYM5T ( ! RI<TS & PRIVILEGES 9T5D$ TO BE SECUR$ TO HIM BY ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T1 ?AN ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T HAS TO 9T]F]E TO PREV5T HIS 5JOYM5T ( ! RI<TS & PRIVILEGES 9T5D$ TO BE SECUR$ TO HIM BY ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS HAVE NO MORE RI<T TO PREV5T HIS GO+ 9TO ! PO/-(FICES1 CU/OM-H\SES1 & C\RT-H\SES1 :I* ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T HAS PROVID$ = HIS B5EFIT1 ?AN ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T HAS TO PREV5T HIS TRAVEL+ ON ! HI<WAYS1 OR GO+ 9TO ! S*OOLS1 OR C\RT-H\SES1 :I* ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS HAVE PROVID$ = HIS B5EFIT4 

,?IS PROPOSITION SEEMS TO US SO MANIFE/LY TRUE AS TO NE$ NO ELABORATION4 ,& YET1 IF EI!R ( !SE GOV]NM5TS CAN R$UCE HIM TO SLAV]Y1 IT CAN DEPRIVE HIM ( ALL ! RI<TS & PRIVILEGES :I* ! O!R GOV]NM5T IS DESIGN$ TO SECURE TO HIM4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 IT CAN DEPRIVE ?AT O!R GOV]NM5T ( A CITIZ51 & ?US ABOLI% ?AT O!R GOV]NM5T ITSELF1 SO F> AS ?AT CITIZ5 IS CONC]N$4 ,C]TA9LY A ,/ATE GOV]NM5T HAS NO MORE P[] TO DO ?IS WRONG T[>DS ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 ?AN ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T HAS TO DO A SIMIL> WRONG T[>DS A ,/ATE GOV]NM5T4 ,9 %ORT1 NEI!R GOV]NM5T HAS ANY CON/ITUTIONAL P[] TO DEPRIVE ! O!R ( A CITIZ51 BY MAK+ HIM A SLAVE4 

,FUR!RMORE1 EA* ( !SE TWO GOV]NM5TS HAS AN EQUAL RI<T TO DEF5D !IR COMMON CITIZ5S AGA9/ BE+ 5SLAV$ BY ! O!R4 ,IF1 = EXAMPLE1 ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T W]E TO ATTEMPT TO 5?RALL$ ITS CITIZ5S )9 A ,/ATE1 ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5T W\LD CLE>LY HAVE ! RI<T TO DEF5D !M AGA9/ SU* 5SLAVEM5T2 BECAUSE !Y >E ITS CITIZ5S AS WELL AS CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,&1 = ! SAME REASON1 IF A ,/ATE GOV]NM5T ATTEMPT TO 5?RALL$ ITS CITIZ5S )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T CLE>LY HAS ! SAME RI<T TO RESI/ SU* 5SLAVEM5T1 ?AT ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5T W\LD HAVE 9 ! O!R CASE2 BECAUSE !Y >E CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 AS WELL AS ( ! ,/ATE4 

,?IS P[] ( EA* GOV]NM5T TO RESI/ ! 5SLAVEM5T ( !IR COMMON CITIZ5S BY ! O!R1 IS CLE>LY A P[] NECESS>Y = ITS SELF-PRES]VATION2 A P[] ?AT MU/1 ( NECESSITY1 BELONG TO EV]Y GOV]NM5T ?AT HAS ! P[] ( MA9TA9+ ITS [N EXI/5CE4 ,IT MU/1 !RE=E1 AS MU* BELONG TO ! G5]AL AS TO ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS4 

,/ILL FUR!R3 ,! PR9CIPAL1 IF NOT ! SOLE OBJECT ( \R HAV+ TWO GOV]NM5TS = ! SAME CITIZ51 W\LD BE 5TIRELY DEFEAT$1 IF EA* GOV]NM5T HAD NOT AN EQUAL RI<T TO DEF5D HIM AGA9/ 5SLAVEM5T BY ! O!R4 ,:AT IS ! GR& OBJECT ( HAV+ TWO GOV]NM5TS OV] ! SAME CITIZ58 ,IT IS1 ?AT1 IF EI!R GOV]NM5T PROVE OPPRESSIVE1 HE MAY FLY = PROTECTION TO ! O!R4 ,?IS RI<T ( FLY+ FROM ! OPPRESSION ( ONE GOV]NM5T TO ! PROTECTION ( ! O!R1 MAKES IT MORE DIFFICULT = HIM TO BE OPPRESS$1 ?AN IF HE HAD NO ALT]NATIVE BUT SUBMISSION TO A S+LE GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS C]TA9LY IS ! ONLY IMPORTANT1 IF NOT ! ONLY POSSIBLE1 ADVANTAGE ( \R D\BLE SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T4 ,YET IF EI!R ( !SE TWO GOV]NM5TS CAN 5?RALL$ !IR COMMON CITIZ51 & ! O!R HAS NO RI<T TO 9T]F]E = HIS PROTECTION1 ! PR9CIPAL1 IF NOT ! ONLY1 B5EFIT ( \R HAV+ TWO GOV]NM5TS1 IS LO/4 

,BUT \R GOV]NM5TS1 9/EAD ( REG>D+ ?IS GREAT & PRIM>Y MOTIVE = !IR SEP>ATE EXI/5CE1 HAVE HI!RTO IGNOR$ IT1 & ACT$ UPON ! !ORY1 ?AT IT IS ! DUTY ( EA* TO GO TO ! ASSI/ANCE ( ! O!R1 :5 ! LATT] F9DS ITS [N /R5G? 9ADEQUATE TO ! ACCOMPLI%M5T ( ITS TYRANNICAL PURPOSES4 ,?IS WE SEE 9 ! CASE ( FUGITIVE SLAVES4 ,:5 A CITIZ5 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 R$UC$ TO SLAV]Y BY A ,/ATE GOV]NM5T1 OR BY A PRIVATE 9DIVIDUAL ) ! CONS5T & COOP]ATION ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5T1 MAKES HIS ESCAPE BEYOND ! JURISDICTION & P[] ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5T1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T PURSUES HIM1 RECAPTURES HIM1 & RE/ORES HIM TO HIS TYRANTS4 ,?US ! CITIZ51 9/EAD ( F9D+ HIS SECURITY 9 ! D\BLE SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T UND] :I* HE LIVES1 F9DS 9 IT ONLY A D\BLE P[] ( OPPRESSION UNIT$ AGA9/ HIM4 ,:AT GROSS] VIOLATION ( ALL ! RATIONAL & LEGITIMATE PURPOSES ( \R D\BLE SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T CAN BE CONCEIV$ ( ?AN ?IS8 

,IF !SE VIEWS >E CORRECT1 IT IS JU/ AS MU* ! CON/ITUTIONAL DUTY1 & JU/ AS CLE>LY ! CON/ITUTIONAL RI<T1 ( ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T TO PROTECT ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AGA9/ 5SLAVEM5T BY ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 AS IT IS ! CON/ITUTIONAL DUTY & RI<T ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 TO PROTECT ! SAME PEOPLE AGA9/ 5SLAVEM5T BY ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T4 ,! G5]AL GOV]NM5T IS AS MU* SET AS A GU>D & A %IELD AGA9/ 5SLAVEM5T BY ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 AS ! LATT] >E AS GU>DS & %IELDS AGA9/ 5SLAVEM5T BY ! =M]4 

,?IS VIEW1 TOO1 ( ! OBJECT TO BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY \R D\BLE SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T1--VIZ41 ! GREAT] SECURITY ( ! CITIZ5 AGA9/ ! OPPRESSION ( HIS GOV]NM5T1--PRES5TS1 MORE CLE>LY P]HAPS ?AN HAS BE=E BE5 DONE1 ! NECESSITY ?AT ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T %\LD DET]M9E = ITSELF1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 :O >E ITS [N CITIZ5S1 & :O >E 5TITL$ TO ITS PROTECTION2 = O!RWISE ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T C\LD HAVE P[] TO PROTECT AGA9/ A ,/ATE GOV]NM5T ONLY ?OSE :OM ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5T %\LD CONS5T TO HAVE ?US PROTECT$ AGA9/ ITSELF4 ,IT W\LD BE AN ABSURDITY TO SAY ?AT ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T WAS E/ABLI%$ TO PROTECT ! PEOPLE AGA9/ ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 & YET ?AT IT IS LEFT TO ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS !MSELVES TO SAY :OM ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T MAY ?US PROTECT4 ,TO ALL[ ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS ! P[] TO SAY :OM ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T MAY1 & :OM IT MAY NOT1 PROTECT AGA9/ !MSELVES 7! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS71 W\LD BE DEPRIV+ ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T ( ALL P[] TO PROTECT ANY4 ,IT W\LD BE LIKE ALL[+ A MAN TO PROTECT1 AGA9/ A WOLF1 ALL LAMBS EXCEPT ?OSE :OM ! WOLF %\LD *OOSE TO DEV\R4 

,! CONCLUSION NECESS>ILY IS1 ?AT ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T MU/ DET]M9E = ITSELF1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 :O >E ITS CITIZ5S1 & :OM IT WILL PROTECT2 &1 IF ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T MAKES ?IS DET]M9ATION1 IT CAN1 UND] ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 MAKE NO O!R DET]M9ATION ?AN ?AT ALL ! NATIVE & NATURALIZ$ 9HABITANTS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E ITS CITIZ5S1 & 5TITL$ TO ITS PROTECTION4 
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,!RE IS /ILL ANO!R PO9T ( GREAT PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE TO BE CONSID]$4 ,IT IS ?IS3 ,IF ?OSE N[ HELD 9 BONDAGE 9 ?IS C\NTRY >E1 9 ! VIEW ( 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&10 CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 5TITL$ TO ! FULL PRIVILEGES ( CITIZ5%IP EQUALLY ) ALL ! O!R CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 !N IT IS NOT ONLY ! CON/ITUTIONAL RI<T & DUTY ( BO? ! G5]AL & ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS TO PROTECT !M 9 ! 5JOYM5T ( ALL !IR RI<TS AS CITIZ5S1 BUT IT IS ALSO NOT M]ELY A MORAL DUTY1 BUT A /RICTLY LEGAL & CON/ITUTIONAL RI<T1 ( ALL ! O!R CITIZ5S ( ! C\NTRY TO GO1 9 !IR PRIVATE CAPACITY AS 9DIVIDUALS1 TO ! RESCUE ( ?OSE 5SLAV$4 

,IT IS AS MU* A LEGAL RI<T ( ONE CITIZ5 TO RESCUE ANO!R FROM ! H&S ( A KIDNAPP]1 AS TO RESCUE HIM OR H] FROM A ROBB]1 RAVI%]1 OR ASSASS94 ,& ALL ! =CE NECESS>Y = ! ACCOMPLI%M5T ( ! OBJECT MAY BE LAWFULLY US$4 

,:5 ! GOV]NM5T FAILS TO PROTECT ! PEOPLE AGA9/ ROBB]S1 KIDNAPP]S1 RAVI%]S1 & MURD]]S1 IT IS NOT ONLY A LEGAL RI<T1 BUT AN IMP]ATIVE MORAL DUTY1 ( ! PEOPLE TO TAKE !IR MUTUAL DEF5SE 9TO !IR [N H&S4 ,& ! CON/ITUTION RECOGNIZES ?IS RI<T1 :5 IT DECL>ES ?AT 0! RI<T ( ! PEOPLE TO KEEP & BE> >MS %ALL NOT BE 9FR+$20 = 0! RI<T ( ! PEOPLE TO KEEP & BE> >MS0 IMPLIES !IR RI<T TO USE !M :5 NECESS>Y = !IR PROTECTION4"9 

,WE CLAIM IT AS A LEGAL & CON/ITUTIONAL RI<T TO TRAVEL 9 ALL P>TS ( \R COMMON C\NTRY1 & TO P]=M ! COMMON (FICES ( HUMANITY T[>DS ALL :OM WE MAY F9D NE$+ !M4 ,& IF1 9 \R TRAVELS1 WE *ANCE TO SEE A FELL[-MAN 9 ! H&S ( A KIDNAPP] OR SLAVEHOLD]1 WE CLAIM ! RI<T TO RESCUE HIM1 AT ANY NECESS>Y CO/ TO ! KIDNAPP]4 ,&1 IF ANY P>T ( \R C\NTRY BE UNSAFE = S+LE TRAVEL]S1 OR SMALL COMPANIES ( TRAVEL]S1 WE CLAIM ! RI<T TO GO 9 COMPANIES NUM]\S 5\< TO MAKE \RSELVES SAFE1 & TO 5ABLE US TO RESCUE ALL :OM WE MAY F9D NE$+ \R ASSI/ANCE4 

,& IT IS ! LEGAL DUTY ( BO? ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ALL ,/ATE C\RTS--JUDGES & JURIES--TO PROTECT US 9 ! EX]CISE ( !SE RI<TS4 
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,WE CALL P>TICUL> ATT5TION TO ! DUTIES ( JURIES 9 ?IS MATT]4 ,WE BELIEVE 9 ?AT NOBLE/1 & 9COMP>ABLY MO/ VALUABLE1 ( ALL ! JUDICIAL OP9IONS EV] R5D]$ BY ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 :I* !Y DECL>$1 BY ! M\? ( ,JOHN ,JAY1 ! FIR/1 & GREAT1 & HONE/ ,*IEF-,JU/ICE1 ?AT EV5 9 CIVIL SUITS 7AS WELL AS CRIM9AL7 JURIES HAVE A RI<T TO JUDGE ( ! LAW AS WELL AS ! FACT4"9 

,WE ALSO BELIEVE ) ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES1 :O1 9 #a#h#d1 BY A VOTE ( #gc YEAS TO #cb NAYS1 RESOLV$ TO IMPEA* ,SAMUEL ,*ASE1 ONE ( ! ,JU/ICES ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 =1 AS !Y SAID1 05DEAVOR+ .<9 ! TRIAL ( ,JOHN ,FRIES = TREASON.> TO WRE/ FROM ! JURY !IR 9DISPUTABLE RI<T TO HE> >GUM5T1 & DET]M9E UPON ! QUE/ION ( LAW1 AS WELL AS ! QUE/ION ( FACT1 9VOLV$ 9 ! V]DICT1 :I* !Y W]E REQUIR$ TO GIVE10 & DECL>$ SU* CONDUCT 0IRREGUL>10 & 0AS DANG]\S TO \R LIB]TIES AS IT IS NOVEL TO \R LAWS & USAGES20 & ?AT ON 0! RI<TS ( JURIES .<TO DET]M9E ! LAW1 AS WELL AS ! FACT.> ULTIMATELY RE/ ! LIB]TY & SAFETY ( ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE40 

,WE BELIEVE MORE ?AN ?IS4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT JURORS1 UND] \R CON/ITUTION1 NOT ONLY HAVE ! RI<T TO JUDGE :AT ! LAWS >E1 & :E!R !Y >E CONSI/5T ) ! CON/ITUTION1 BUT ?AT !Y HAVE ALL ! ANCI5T & COMMON-LAW RI<T ( JURORS TO JUDGE ( ! JU/ICE ( ALL LAWS :ATSOEV]1 :I* !Y >E CALL$ UPON TO ASSI/ 9 5=C+1 & TO HOLD ALL ( !M 9VALID :I* CONFLICT ) !IR [N IDEAS ( JU/ICE4 ,& ?AT !Y >E UND] NO LEGAL OR MORAL OBLIGATION TO HOLD VALID EV]Y 9IQUIT\S /ATUTE1 :I* !Y MAY SUPPOSE ! LETT] ( ! CON/ITUTION CAN POSSIBLY BE 9T]PRET$ TO COV]4 ,IT IS !IR DUTY1 AS IT IS ! DUTY ( CONGRESSES & JUDGES1 TO /RIVE TO SEE H[ MU* JU/ICE1 & NOT H[ MU* 9JU/ICE1 ! CON/ITUTION CAN BE MADE TO AU?ORIZE4 

,WE BELIEVE ?AT JURIES1 & NOT CONGRESSES & JUDGES1 >E ! PALLADIUM ( \R LIB]TIES4 ,WE DO NOT AT ALL ADMIT1 AS IS N[ ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY ASSUM$ TO BE ! FACT1 ?AT ! PEOPLE ( ?IS NATION HAVE EV] GIV5 !IR RI<TS & LIB]TIES 9TO ! SOLE KEEP+ ( LEGISLATORS & JUDGES4 ,WE HOLD ?AT ! ASSUMPTION ( ! SUPREME C\RT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO DECIDE1 AU?ORITATIVELY = ! PEOPLE ( ?IS C\NTRY1 :AT !IR RI<TS & LIB]TIES >E1 & :AT IS ! TRUE MEAN+ ( ! CON/ITUTION1 IS AN ASSUMPTION ( ABSOLUTE P[]--AN 5TIRE & FLAGRANT USURPATION--AU?ORIZ$ BY NO WORD OR SYLLABLE ( ! CON/ITUTION2 & ?AT IT %\LD NOT BE SUBMITT$ TO = A MOM5T1 UNLESS WE ALL ( US DESIGN TO BE SLAVES4 

,WE BELIEVE1 TOO1 ?AT ! PRACTICE ( SELECT+ JURORS BY JUDGES & M>%ALS1 ! S]VILE & CORRUPT 9/RUM5TS ( ! GOV]NM5T1 :O WILL ( C\RSE SELECT ONLY ?OSE KN[N TO BE FAVORABLE TO ! TYRANNICAL MEASURES ( ! GOV]NM5T1 IS AS UTT]LY UNCON/ITUTIONAL1 AS IT NECESS>ILY MU/ BE DE/RUCTIVE ( LIB]TY4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT JURIES %\LD BE1 9 FACT1 :AT !Y >E 9 !ORY1 VIZ41 A FAIR EPITOME OR REPRES5TATION ( 0! C\NTRY10 OR PEOPLE AT L>GE2 & ?AT TO MAKE !M SO1 !Y MU/ BE SELECT$ BY LOT1 OR O!RWISE1 FROM ! :OLE BODY ( MALE ADULTS1 )\T ANY *OICE OR 9T]F]5CE BY ! GOV]NM5T1 OR ANY ( ITS (FIC]S2 & ?AT :5 SELECT$1 NO JUDGE OR O!R (FIC] ( ! GOV]NM5T CAN HAVE ANY AU?ORITY TO QUE/ION !M AS TO :E!R !Y >E 9 FAVOR (1 OR OPPOS$ TO1 ! LAWS ?AT >E TO BE PUT 9 ISSUE4 

,9 %ORT1 WE BELIEVE IT TO BE ! PURPOSE ( \R SY/EMS ( GOV]NM5T TO MA9TA9 9 =CE ONLY ?OSE PR9CIPLES ( JU/ICE :I* ! PEOPLE G5]ALLY CAN UND]/&1 & 9 :I* !Y >E AGRE$2 & NOT TO 9VE/ ONE PORTION ( ! PEOPLE1 EI!R M9ORITY OR MAJORITY1 ) UNLIMIT$ P[] OV] ! O!RS4 

,EVID5TLY ! ONLY TRIBUNAL KN[N TO \R CON/ITUTION1 & TO BE RELI$ ON = ! MA9T5ANCE ( SU* PR9CIPLES1 IS ! JURY4 

,WE1 !RE=E1 HOLD ?AT ALL LEGISLATIVE 5ACTM5TS & JUDICIAL OP9IONS %\LD BE HELD SUBORD9ATE TO ?AT G5]AL PUBLIC CONSCI5CE1 :I* IS PRESUM$ TO BE REPRES5T$ 9 ! JURY-BOX1 BY TWELVE M51 TAK5 9DISCRIM9ATELY FROM ! :OLE PEOPLE1 & CAPABLE ( GIV+ JUDGM5TS AGA9/ P]SONS OR PROP]TY ONLY :5 !Y ACT ) 5TIRE UNANIMITY4 ,& WE BELIEVE IT TO BE ! PRIM>Y & CAPITAL OBJECT ( \R CON/ITUTIONS ?US 0TO GET TWELVE HONE/ M5 9TO A JURY-BOX10 TO DO JU/ICE1 ACCORD+ TO !IR [N NOTIONS ( IT1 BETWE5 MAN & MAN1 & TO SEE ?AT ONLY SU* MEASURES ( GOV]NM5T %ALL BE 5=C$ AS !Y %ALL ALL DEEM JU/ & PROP]4 

,WE BELIEVE ?AT1 UND] ?IS SY/EM ( TRIAL BY JURY1 IT WILL BE SAFE = ONE HUMAN BE+ TO GO TO ! RESCUE ( ANO!R FROM ! H&S ( KIDNAPP]S1 RAVI%]S1 & SLAVEHOLD]S4 ,WE BELIEVE1 ALSO1 ?AT A GOV]NM5T1 SO P[]FUL & SO TYRANNICAL AS TO RE/RA9 M5 FROM ! P]=MANCE ( !SE PRIM>Y DUTIES ( HUMANITY & JU/ICE1 \<T NOT TO BE SUFF]$ TO EXI/4 
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,TURN+ N[ FROM \R CON/ITUTION1 AS IT IS 9 !ORY1 & LOOK+ AT \R GOV]NM5T1 AS IT IS 9 PRACTICE1 :AT DO WE F9D8 ,DO WE F9D \R NATIONAL GOV]NM5T SECUR+ TO ALL ITS CITIZ5S ! RI<TS :I* IT IS CON/ITUTIONALLY B\ND TO SECURE TO !M8 ,NO4 ,IT DOES NOT KN[1 NOR EV5 PR(ESS TO KN[1 =ITSELF1 :O ITS [N CITIZ5S >E4 ,IT DOES NOT EV5 PR(ESS TO HAVE ANY CITIZ5S1 EXCEPT SU* AS ! SEP>ATE ,/ATES MAY SEE FIT TO ALL[ IT TO HAVE4 ,IT D>ES NOT P]=M ! FIR/ POLITICAL DUTY T[>DS ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9DIVIDUALLY1 )\T FIR/ HUMBLY ASK+ ! P]MISSION ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS4 ,IT V5TURES TIMIDLY1 & HAT 9 H&1 )9 EA* ,/ATE1 AS IF FE>FUL ( BE+ TREAT$ AS AN 9TRUD]1 & OBSEQUI\SLY 9QUIRES IF ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5T WILL BE PLEAS$ TO ALL[ 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&0 ! PRIVILEGE ( HAV+ A FEW CITIZ5S )9 ! ,/ATE1 TO SAVE IT FROM FALL+ 9TO CONTEMPT1 & BECOM+ A DEAD LETT]8 ,%AMEFAC$LY CONFESS+ ITS [N B>R5NESS1 IT SIMPLY (F]S ITSELF AS A DRY NURSE TO ANY POLITICAL *ILDR5 :OM ! ,/ATES MAY SEE FIT TO COMMIT P>TIALLY TO ITS C>E4 ,SOME ( ! ,/ATES1 CONFID+ 9 ITS SUBS]VI5CY & DESIRE TO PLEASE1 GRACI\SLY SUFF] ! =LORN & H>MLESS CREATURE TO BUSY ITSELF 9 V>I\S SUBORD9ATE S]VICES1 SU* AS C>RY+ LETT]S1 @&C41 = ALL !IR CITIZ5S4 ,O!RS1 LESS GRACI\S T[>DS IT1 OR LESS DISPOS$ TO ALL[ !IR CITIZ5S ! LUXURY ( SU* A S]VANT1 GIVE IT /RICT ORD]S TO DO NO?+ = !SE1 ?OSE1 & ! O!RS ( !IR PEOPLE--! EXCEPTIONS AM\NT+1 9 SOME ,/ATES1 TO ONE HALF ( ! :OLE POPULATION4 ,& ! SUBMISSIVE CREATURE FOLL[S !SE 9/RUCTIONS TO ! LETT]1 LIV+1 AS IT DOES1 9 P]PETUAL FE> LE/ ! SLI<TE/ TRANSGRESSION1 ON ITS P>T1 %\LD BE FOLL[$ BY ITS SUMM>Y DISMISSAL FROM ! POLITICAL H\SEHOLD4 ,! ONLY DIGNITY LEFT IT IS ITS NAME4 ,IT /ILL CALLS ITSELF ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T2 FANCIES IT HAS CITIZ5S ( ITS [N1 :OM IT PROTECTS2 PLUMES ITSELF1 9 ! EYES ( ! WORLD1 ON ITS GREATNESS & /R5G?2 TALKS CONTEMPTU\SLY1 & EV5 9DIGNANTLY1 ( ?OSE GOV]NM5TS ?AT SUFF] !IR SUBJECTS TO BE OPPRESS$2 & O/5TATI\SLY PR(F]S ITS PROTECTION TO ?OSE ( ALL L&S :O WILL ACCEPT IT4 ,YET ALL ! :ILE ! AFFRI<T$ & IMBECILE ?+ SEES ITS [N CITIZ5S SNAT*$ AWAY FROM IT1 AT ! RATE ( A HUNDR$ ?\S& P] ANNUM1 BY ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 & D>ES NEI!R LIFT ITS F+]1 NOR RAISE ITS VOICE1 TO SAVE ONE ( !M FROM ! AUCTIONC]'S BLOCK1 ! SLAVE-DRIV]'S :IP1 ! RAVI%]'S LU/1 ! KIDNAPP]'S RAPACITY1 OR ! RUFFIAN'S VIOL5CE4 ,! NUMB] ( ITS LIV+ CITIZ5S 7TO SAY NO?+ ( ! DEAD7 ( :OM IT HAS ?US BE5 ROBB$1 AM\NTS AT ?IS DAY TO SOME F\R MILLIONS2 & ! NUMB] D\BLES 9 EV]Y TW5TY-FIVE YE>S4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ITS GREATE/ ANXIETY /ILL IS LE/ ITS S]VILITY & ACQUIESC5CE %ALL NOT BE SO COMPLETE AS TO SATISFY !SE KIDNAPP]S ( ITS CITIZ5S4 ,! ONLY SYMPTOM ( C\RAGE IT D>ES EV] EXHIBIT1 AS AGA9/ A ,/ATE1 IS :5 IT ATTEMPTS SOME RAPACI\S OR UNEQUAL TAXATION1 OR COMMITS ! UNNATURAL CRIME ( PURSU+ ITS [N FLY+ CITIZ5S1 NOT TO PROTECT !M1 BUT TO SUBJECT !M AGA9 TO ! TYRANNY FROM :I* !Y HAVE ONCE ESCAP$4 
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,:ILE ! GOV]NM5T ( ! NATION IS ?US PRO/RATE & DEGRAD$1 ! PEOPLE ( ! NATION--AT LEA/ ?AT PORTION ( !M :O %[ !MSELVES 9 POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS--9/EAD ( BE+ ALIVE TO ! AU?ORITY ( 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&10 & ! RI<TS ( ! PEOPLE UND] IT1 >E DIVID$ 9TO F\R WRET*$1 9FAM\S FACTIONS1 ALL ( :OM AGREE 9 ! POLITICAL ABSURDITY1 ?AT ! /ATUS ( A MAN1 RELATIVE TO 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&10 IS FIX$ BY SOME SUBORD9ATE LAW2 ?AT ! RI<TS ( A MAN UND] ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E FIX$ BY ! CON/ITUTIONS & LAWS ( ! SEP>ATE ,/ATES4 ,ALL ( !M AGREE1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! ,/ATES MAY CONV]T AT LEA/ F\R MILLIONS CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9TO PROP]TY1 ) !IR PO/]ITY ?R\< ALL TIME4 ,ALL ( !M AGREE 91 & PROCLAIM1 ! 9VIOLABILITY ( PROP]TY 9 MAN1 )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E ALONE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T HAS ANY JURISDICTION ( ! QUE/ION2 & DISAGREE ) EA* O!R ONLY AS TO ! 9VIOLABILITY ( PROP]TY 9 MAN1 \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAVE NO POLITICAL JURISDICTION AT ALL4 
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,WE REPEAT ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS NO POLITICAL JURISDICTION AT ALL1 \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,BY ?IS WE MEAN ?AT IT HAS NO POLITICAL JURISDICTION OV] PEOPLE 9HABIT+ ! NEW C\NTRIES WE/ ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :I* ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS HI!RTO ASSUM$ TO GOV]N1 UND] ! NAME ( 0,T]RITORIES40 ,& WE FEEL B\ND TO MAKE ?IS ASS]TION GOOD4 

,:]E DOES ! CON/ITUTION GRANT CONGRESS ANY P[] TO GOV]N ANY O!R PEOPLE ?AN ?OSE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES8 ,EV5 ! W>-MAK+ P[] W\LD NOT AU?ORIZE US TO HOLD A CONQU]$ PEOPLE 9 SUBJECTION 9DEF9ITELY1 BUT ONLY SO LONG AS !Y %\LD REMA9 5EMIES1 OR REFUSE TO DO JU/ICE4 ,! TREATY-MAK+ P[] IS NO P[] TO MAKE TREATIES ADV]SE TO ! NATURAL RI<TS ( MANK9D4 ,IT1 !RE=E1 9CLUDES NO P[] TO BUY & SELL MANK9D1 ) ! T]RITORIES ON :I* !Y LIVE4 ,IT NO MORE IMPLIES A P[]1 ON \R P>T1 TO PUR*ASE =EIGN PEOPLE1 & GOV]N !M AS SUBJECTS1 ?AN IT IMPLIES A P[] TO SELL A P>T ( \R [N PEOPLE TO ANO!R NATION1 TO BE GOV]N$ AS SUBJECTS4 

,! ONLY O!R P[] :I* CAN BE CLAIM$ AS AU?ORIZ+ SU* A GOV]NM5T1 IS GRANT$ 9 ! FOLL[+ WORDS3 

0,! CONGRESS %ALL HAVE P[] TO DISPOSE (1 & MAKE ALL NE$FUL RULES & REGULATIONS RESPECT+1 ! T]RITORY .<L&.> OR O!R PROP]TY1 BELONG+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES40 

,H]E IS NO GRANT ( G5]AL POLITICAL P[] OV] PEOPLE1 EI!R )9 OR )\T ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 BUT ONLY A P[] TO CONTROL & DISPOSE (1 AS PROP]TY1 ! L&--= 0T]RITORY0 IS BUT L&--& O!R PROP]TY1 BELONG+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,TO MAKE ?IS IDEA MORE EVID5T1 LET US DIVIDE ! PROVISION 9TO TWO P>TS1 & READ !M SEP>ATELY AS FOLL[S3 

#a4 0,! CONGRESS %ALL HAVE P[] TO DISPOSE ( ! T]RITORY .<L&.> OR O!R PROP]TY1 BELONG+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES40 

,H]E PLA9LY IS NO GRANT ( POLITICAL P[] OV] PEOPLE4 

#b4 0,! CONGRESS %ALL HAVE P[] TO MAKE ALL NE$FUL RULES & REGULATIONS RESPECT+ ! T]RITORY .<L&.> OR O!R PROP]TY BELONG+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES40 

,H]E IS PLA9LY NO MORE GRANT ( POLITICAL P[] 9 CONNECTION ) ! L&1 ?AN 9 CONNECTION ) ANY 0O!R PROP]TY0 BELONG+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,! P[] TO 0MAKE ALL NE$FUL RULES & REGULATIONS RESPECT+ L& OR O!R PROP]TY BELONG+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES10 IS NO GRANT ( G5]AL POLITICAL P[] OV] PEOPLE4 

,! P[] GRANT$ IS ONLY SU* A DEGREE ( P[] OV] L& & O!R PROP]TY BELONG+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 AS MAY BE NECESS>Y TO SECURE SU* L& & O!R PROP]TY TO ! USES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,?AT ?IS P[] IS NOT ONE TO E/ABLI% ANY ORGANIZ$ GOV]NM5T OV] PEOPLE1 IS PROV$ BY ! FACT ?AT ! P[] IS C]TA9LY AS AMPLE 9 REG>D TO 0T]RITORY & O!R PROP]TY10 )9 ANY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 AS TO T]RITORY & O!R PROP]TY1 \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,IF1 !RE=E1 ! P[] 9CLUD$ A P[] TO SET UP AN ORGANIZ$ GOV]NM5T OR T]RITORY \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IT W\LD EQUALLY 9CLUDE A P[] TO SET UP AN ORGANIZ$ GOV]NM5T )9 EA* ,/ATE1 TO ! EXCLUSION ( ! ,/ATE AU?ORITY1 :]EV] ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAD 0T]RITORY OR O!R PROP]TY0 )9 A ,/ATE4 ,BUT NOBODY EV] DREAM$ ?AT ! P[] AU?ORIZ$ ANY SU* POLITICAL MON/ROSITY AS ?IS4 

,!RE IS NO?+ 9 ! LANGUAGE ( ! CON/ITUTION1 ?AT IMPLIES ?AT ! L& OR O!R PROP]TY SPOK5 (1 IS \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,& AS \RS IS DI/9CTLY A GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & NOT ( O!R C\NTRIES1 ! LEGAL PRESUMPTION IS ?AT ! L& & O!R PROP]TY--MORE ESPECIALLY ! L&--BELONG+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IS TO BE F\ND )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & NOT 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 

,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAVE NO RI<TFUL [N]%IP ( ! UNOCCUPI$ L&S WE/ ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,IT IS AGA9/ ! LAW ( NATURE1 & !RE=E IMPOSSIBLE1 ?AT !Y %\LD HAVE ANY SU* [N]%IP4 ,L& IS A P>T ( ! NATURAL WEAL? ( ! WORLD1 CREAT$ = ! SU/5ANCE ( MANK9D1 & (F]$ BY ! ,CREATOR AS A FREE GIFT TO ?OSE1 & ?OSE ONLY1 :O TAKE ACTUAL POSSESSION ( IT4 ,& ACTUAL POSSESSION MEANS EI!R ACTUALLY LIV+ UPON IT1 OR IMPROV+ IT1 BY CUTT+ D[N ! TREES1 BREAK+ UP ! SOIL1 ?R[+ A F5CE >\ND IT1 OR BE/[+ O!R USEFUL LABOR UPON IT4 ,NO?+ %ORT ( ?IS ACTUAL POSSESSION CAN GIVE ANY ONE A RI<TFUL [N]%IP ( WILD]NESS L&S1 OR JU/IFY HIM 9 )HOLD+ IT FROM ?OSE :O WI% TO OCCUPY IT4 ,GOV]NM5TS1 :I* >E BUT ASSOCIATIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 CAN NO MORE ACQUIRE ANY RI<TFUL [N]%IP 9 WILD L&S1 )\T ?IS ACTUAL POSSESSION1 ?AN S+LE 9DIVIDUALS CAN DO SO4 ,UNTIL SU* L&S >E WANT$ = ACTUAL USE1 !Y MU/ REMA9 FREE & OP5 = ANYBODY & EV]YBODY1 :O *OOSES1 TO TAKE POSSESSION (1 & OCCUPY !M4 ,GOV]NM5TS HAVE NO MORE RI<T TO ASSUME ! [N]%IP ( !SE L&S1 & DEM& A PRICE = !M1 ?AN !Y HAVE TO ASSUME ! [N]%IP ( ! ATMOSPH]E1 OR ! SUN%9E1 & DEM& A PRICE = !M4 ,!Y HAVE NO MORE RI<T TO CLAIM ! [N]%IP ( SU* L&S1 ?AN ( ! BIRDS & QUADRUP$S ?AT 9HABIT !M2 OR ?AN !Y HAVE TO CLAIM PROP]TY 9 ! OCEAN1 & TO DEM& A PRICE ( ALL :O EI!R SAIL UPON IT1 OR TAKE FI% \T ( IT4 

,IT IS NO ANSW] TO SAY ?AT \R GOV]NM5T B\<T !SE L&S ( ,FRANCE OR ,MEXICO1 = NEI!R ,FRANCE NOR ,MEXICO HAD ANY RI<TFUL PROP]TY 9 !M1 & C\LD1 !RE=E1 CONVEY NO RI<TFUL TITLE TO !M4 ,EV5 9 L&S PUR*AS$ ( ! ,9DIANS1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ACQUIRE NO RI<TFUL PROP]TY1 EXCEPT ONLY 9 SU* AS ! LATT] ACTUALLY CULTIVAT$1 OR OCCUPI$ AS HABITATIONS4 ,?OSE :I* !Y M]ELY ROAM$ OV] 9 SE>* ( GAME1 !Y HAD NO EXCLUSIVE PROP]TY 91 & C\LD ACCORD+LY CONVEY NONE4 

,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 !RE=E1 HAVE NO RI<TFUL PROP]TY 9 WILD L&S1 EV5 )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,/ILL LESS1 IF POSSIBLE1 HAVE !Y ANY SU* PROP]TY 9 WILD L&S \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,!RE IS NO?+ 9 ! CON/ITUTION ?AT IMPLIES ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAVE ANY PROP]TY 9 WILD L&S1 EI!R )9 OR )\T ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 0,! T]RITORY .<L&.> OR O!R PROP]TY BELONG+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES10 SPOK5 ( 9 ! CON/ITUTION1 MU/ BE PRESUM$ TO BE SU* L& & O!R PROP]TY AS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAN RI<TFULLY [N2 & NOT SU* AS !Y MAY SIMPLY ASSUME TO [N1 9 VIOLATION ( ! LAW ( NATURE1 & ! NATURAL RI<TS ( MANK9D4 

,!RE IS JU/ AS MU* AU?ORITY GIV5 TO CONGRESS1 BY ! CON/ITUTION1 TO ASSUME ! [N]%IP ( ! ATMOSPH]E1 BO? )9 & )\T ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & 0TO DISPOSE (1 & MAKE ALL NE$FUL RULES & REGULATIONS RESPECT+0 IT1 AS !RE IS = !IR ASSUM+ SU* A P[] OV] WILD L&S1 EI!R )9 OR )\T ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,?IS P[] GRANT$ TO CONGRESS MU/ BE CON/RU$ CONSI/5TLY1 & ONLY CONSI/5TLY1 ) ! LAW ( NATURE1 IF ?AT BE POSSIBLE1 & ) ! G5]AL PURPOSES ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,IT MU/1 !RE=E1 IF POSSIBLE1 BE CON/RU$ AS APPLY+ TO OCCUPI$1 9/EAD ( WILD L&S1 & TO ?OSE LY+ )91 RA!R ?AN TO ?OSE LY+ BEYOND1 ! GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,& ?IS IS POSSIBLE4 0,! P[] TO DISPOSE (1 & MAKE ALL NE$FUL RULES & REGULATIONS RESPECT+ ! T]RITORY .<L&.> & O!R PROP]TY BELONG+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES10 & LY+ & BE+ )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IS A P[] CON/ANTLY NE$$ 9 C>RY+ ON ! DAILY OP]ATIONS ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,IT IS NE$$ 9 REG>D TO EV]Y PO/-(FICE1 C\RT-H\SE1 CU/OM-H\SE1 OR O!R REAL OR P]SONAL PROP]TY1 :E!R ABSOLUTELY [N$1 OR TEMPOR>ILY OCCUPI$1 BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! P[] APPLIES AS WELL TO L&S & BUILD+S TEMPOR>ILY LEAS$1 AS TO ?OSE ABSOLUTELY [N$2 BECAUSE A LEASE IS A P>TIAL [N]%IP4 

,! CON/ITUTION SPECIALLY PROVIDES ?AT 0OV] ALL PLACES PUR*AS$ BY ! CONS5T ( ! LEGISLATURE ( ! ,/ATE 9 :I* ! SAME %ALL BE1 = ! ]ECTION ( =TS1 MAGAZ9ES1 >S5ALS1 DOCKY>DS1 & O!R NE$FUL BUILD+S1 CONGRESS %ALL HAVE P[] TO EX]CISE EXCLUSIVE LEGISLATION40 ,BUT 9ASMU* AS ! ,/ATES MI<T NOT GIVE !IR CONS5T--& C\LD NOT EV5 BE EXPECT$ TO GIVE !IR CONS5T--TO ?IS 0EXCLUSIVE LEGISLATION0 OV] ALL ! 0PLACES0 :I* ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES MI<T PUR*ASE 7OR LEASE7 = PO/-(FICES1 C\RT-H\SES1 & 0O!R NE$FUL BUILD+S10 IT WAS NECESS>Y ?AT CONGRESS1 9/EAD ( A 0P[] TO EX]CISE EXCLUSIVE LEGISLATION0 OV] SU* 0PLACES10 %\LD HAVE P[]--)\T EXCLUD+ ! G5]AL JURISDICTION ( ! ,/ATES--0TO MAKE ALL NE$FUL RULES & REGULATIONS RESPECT+ ! T]RITORY .<L&1 0PLACES0.> OR O!R PROP]TY0 ?US [N$ OR OCCUPI$ BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 ORD] TO SECURE !M TO ! USES1 = :I* ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DESIGN$ !M4 ,)\T SU* A P[]1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES E\LD NOT E/ABLI% EV5 A PO/-(FICE1 )\T FIR/ GETT+ ! CONS5T ( ! LEGISLATURE ( ! ,/ATE 9 :I* IT WAS TO BE E/ABLI%$4 

,WE HAVE1 !RE=E1 NO NE$--9 ORD] TO F9D 0T]RITORY0 .<L&1 0PLACES0.> = ?IS P[] TO APPLY TO--TO ASSUME ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 VIOLATION ( ! LAW ( NATURE1 >E ! [N]S ( WILD L&S1 EI!R )9 OR )\T ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,/ILL LESS HAVE WE NE$ TO ASSUME ?AT \R GOV]NM5T HAS P[] TO EX]CISE ABSOLUTE POLITICAL AU?ORITY OV] PEOPLES \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 VIOLATION ( ! NATURAL RI<T ( ALL M5 TO GOV]N !MSELVES4 

,PEOPLES LIV+ \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 >E1 TO US1 =EIGN NATIONS1 TO ALL 9T5TS & PURPOSES4 ,& IT IS ( NO IMPORTANCE :E!R ?OSE PEOPLES >E MANY OR FEW2 :E!R ?OSE C\NTRIES >E ?9LY OR D5SELY POPULAT$2 :E!R ! C\NTRIES >E CONTIGU\S TO1 OR DI/ANT FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,9 EI!R CASE !Y >E ALIKE 9DEP5D5T ( US4 ,:E!R !Y >E WELL1 OR ILL GOV]N$1 OR HAVE NO GOV]NM5T AT ALL1 IS1 POLITICALLY SPEAK+1 NO CONC]N ( \RS4 

,PEOPLES SETTL+ ON ! L&S WE/ ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 >E !RE=E1 SO F> AS WE >E CONC]N$1 9DEP5D5T NATIONS1 OV] :OM WE HAVE NO MORE POLITICAL JURISDICTION1 ?AN OV] ! PEOPLE ( ,CANADA1 OR ,5GL&1 OR ,FRANCE1 OR ,JAPAN4 ,:E!R !Y HAVE ANY ORGANIZ$ GOV]NM5TS AT ALL1 IS NO AFFAIR ( \RS1 ANY MORE ?AN :E!R ! ,9DIAN TRIBES HAVE1 OR HAVE NOT1 ORGANIZ$ GOV]NM5TS4 

,! FACT ?AT ANY ( !SE PEOPLES W]E ONCE CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 DOES NOT AFFECT ! QUE/ION4 ,WE ACKN[L$GE & MA9TA9 ! NATURAL RI<T ( ALL M5 TO R5\NCE !IR C\NTRY4 ,& :5 \R PEOPLE LEAVE !IR C\NTRY1 BY MAK+ !IR P]MAN5T HOMES BEYOND ITS LIMITS1 !Y DO R5\NCE IT4 ,& IF !Y EV] WI% TO COME 9TO ! ,UNION1 !Y MU/ BE ADMITT$ AS ,/ATES1 ! SAME AS ANY O!R NATION1 ?AT %\LD WI% TO COME 9TO ! ,UNION1 W\LD HAVE TO DO4 

,= !SE REASONS WE HAVE1 CON/ITUTIONALLY1 NO POLITICAL JURISDICTION :ATEV] OV] ?OSE C\NTRIES WE/ ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :I* WE >E 9 ! HABIT ( GOV]N+ UND] ! NAME ( 0,T]RITORIES40"9 
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,IF ANY ( \R CITIZ5S >E C>RI$ (F BY =CE 9TO ?OSE C\NTRIES1 & !RE HELD AS SLAVES1 WE HAVE ! RI<T1 BY =CE ( >MS1 IF NE$ BE1 TO COMPEL !IR RE/ORATION1 ! SAME AS IF !Y HAD BE5 C>RI$ 9TO ANY O!R C\NTRY4 ,& ?AT IS ALL ! POLITICAL P[] :I* \R CON/ITUTION GIVES US OV] SLAV]Y 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES4 ,WE HAVE NO MORE P[] TO ASSUME G5]AL POLITICAL JURISDICTION !RE1 9 ORD] TO PREV5T \R PEOPLE BE+ C>RI$ !RE AS SLAVES1 ?AN WE HAVE TO ASSUME SIMIL> JURISDICTION OV] ANY O!R P>TS ( ! E>?1 9 ORD] TO PREV5T \R PEOPLE BE+ C>RI$ 9TO !M AS SLAVES4 
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,:E!R1 !RE=E1 PROP]TY 9 MAN BE1 OR BE NOT1 LAWFUL 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 WE HAVE NO G5]AL POLITICAL JURISDICTION OV] IT \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,& WE HAVE NO MORE JURISDICTION OV] IT 9 ! T]RITORIES1 OR C\NTRIES WE/ ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ?AN WE HAVE 9 ANY O!R T]RITORIES OR C\NTRIES 9 ! WORLD1 \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 
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,IF ANY PORTION ( \R PEOPLE >E1 9 ! VIEW ( \R CON/ITUTION1 LAWFUL PROP]TY )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 !N1 CON/ITUTIONALLY SPEAK+1 !IR [N]S HAVE ! RI<T TO C>RY !M \T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9TO ANY O!R P>T ( ! WORLD1 & !RE HOLD !M1 OR LOSE !M1 ACCORD+ TO ! LAWS ?AT PREVAIL !RE4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 NO P>T ( \R PEOPLE >E1 9 ! VIEW ( ! CON/ITUTION1 LAWFUL PROP]TY )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 !N1 CON/ITUTIONALLY SPEAK+1 WE >E B\ND TO PREV5T ANY ( !M BE+ C>RI$ \T ( ! C\NTRY AS SLAVES1 NO MATT] :AT P>T ( ! WORLD !Y MAY BE C>RI$ TO4 ,& ?IS IS ALL WE HAVE TO DO ) SLAV]Y \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 
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,NEI!R HAS CONGRESS ANY AU?ORITY TO DET]M9E ! QUE/ION :E!R NEW ,/ATES %ALL BE ADMITT$ 9TO ! ,UNION AS SLAVEHOLD+ OR AS NON-SLAVEHOLD+ ,/ATES4 ,ALL NEW ,/ATES ADMITT$ 9TO ! ,UNION MU/ COME 9TO IT SUBJECT TO ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AS 0! SUPREME LAW40 ,IF ?IS 0SUPREME LAW0 DECL>ES ONE MAN TO BE ! PROP]TY ( ANO!R1 !N1 CON/ITUTIONALLY SPEAK+1 HE IS & MU/ BE SU* PROP]TY AS MU* 9 ! NEW ,/ATES AS 9 ! OLD2 & CONGRESS HAS NO P[] TO PREV5T IT4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 ?AT SUPREME LAW DECL>ES ?AT !RE IS NO PROP]TY 9 MAN1 !N CONGRESS HAS NO P[] TO SET ASIDE ?IS SUPREME LAW 9 FAVOR ( ANY NEW ,/ATE1 ANY MORE ?AN 9 FAVOR ( ANY ( ! OLD ONES4 

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,F9ALLY1 EV5 IF IT W]E ADMITT$ ?AT CONGRESS HAS P[] UND] ! CON/ITUTION TO GOV]N C\NTRIES \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 UND] ! NAME ( 0T]RITORIES10 /ILL ! LAW ( PROP]TY1 AS E/ABLI%$ BY ! CON/ITUTION )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 W\LD NECESS>ILY BE ! LAW ( ?OSE T]RITORIES2 = ! CON/ITUTION W\LD BE AS MU* ! SUPREME LAW ( ! T]RITORIES AS IT IS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,IF1 !RE=E1 ! CON/ITUTION MAKES A MAN PROP]TY )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IT W\LD NECESS>ILY MAKE HIM PROP]TY 9 ! T]RITORIES4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! CON/ITUTION MAKES EV]Y MAN FREE )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IT W\LD NECESS>ILY MAKE EV]Y MAN FREE 9 ! T]RITORIES4 
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,:E!R1 !RE=E1 WE HAVE OR HAVE NOT POLITICAL JURISDICTION OV] ! 0T]RITORIES10 SO CALL$1 ! :OLE QUE/ION ( SLAV]Y1 SO F> AS \R GOV]NM5T IS CONC]N$1 MU/ BE SETTL$ BY DET]M9+ :E!R ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&10 DOES OR DOES NOT MAKE A MAN A SLAVE )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,IF IT DOES MAKE HIM A SLAVE ANY:]E )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IT MAKES HIM A SLAVE EV]Y:]E )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES--9 OLD ,/ATES & NEW ,/ATES--& ALSO 9 ! T]RITORIES1 IF \R GOV]NM5T HAS POLITICAL JURISDICTION OV] ! T]RITORIES4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! CON/ITUTION MAKES EV]YBODY FREE )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IT MAKES EV]YBODY FREE ALSO 9 ! T]RITORIES1 IF \R GOV]NM5T HAS JURISDICTION !RE4 

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,9 %ORT1 WE HAVE ONE 0SUPREME LAW0 ON ?IS PO9T1 EXT5D+ OV] ALL ! ,/ATES1 & OV] ANY O!R C\NTRIES 7IF ANY O!RS !RE BE7 SUBJECT TO ! JURISDICTION ( ! CON/ITUTION4 ,& :5 WE %ALL HAVE DET]M9$ :E!R ?AT SUPREME LAW MAKES A MAN PROP]TY OR NOT1 EI!R 9 ,MASSA*USETTS OR ,C>OL9A1 WE %ALL HAVE DET]M9$ IT = ALL O!R LOCALITIES1 :E!R ,/ATES OR T]RITORIES1 )9 :I* ! CON/ITUTION N[ IS1 OR EV] %ALL BE1 ! 0SUPREME LAW40 
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,!RE IS1 !RE=E1 NO ROOM OR BASIS UND] ! CON/ITUTION = ! F\R DIFF]5T FACTIONS ?AT N[ EXI/ 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 9 REG>D TO SLAV]Y1 EI!R 9 ! ,/ATES1 OR 9 ! T]RITORIES4 ,!RE IS ROOM ONLY = ?IS S+LE QUE/ION1 VIZ43 ,DOES ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&10 MAKE ONE MAN ! PROP]TY ( ANO!R8 ,ALL :O TAKE ! AFFIRMATIVE ( ?IS QUE/ION1 & 9T5D TO LIVE UP TO ?AT PR9CIPLE1 >E B\ND1 9 CONSI/5CY1 TO UNITE = ! MA9T5ANCE ( IT 9 ALL ! ,/ATES1 & 9 ALL ! T]RITORIES 7IF ! GOV]NM5T HAS JURISDICTION 9 ! T]RITORIES74 ,ALL ?OSE :O TAKE ! NEGATIVE ( ! SAME QUE/ION1 & 9T5D TO LIVE UP TO ?AT PR9CIPLE1 >E B\ND1 9 CONSI/5CY1 TO UNITE !IR =CES = C>RY+ ?AT PR9CIPLE 9TO EFFECT ?R\<\T ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & ?R\<\T ! T]RITORIES 7IF CONGRESS HAS JURISDICTION OV] ! T]RITORIES74 ,& !RE IS NO MIDDLE GR\ND :ATEV]1 ON :I* ANY MAN CAN CONSI/5TLY /&1 BETWE5 !SE TWO DIRECTLY ANTAGONI/IC POSITIONS4 

,WE ASK ALL ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO TAKE !IR POSITION DI/9CTLY ON ! ONE SIDE OR ! O!R ( ?IS QUE/ION1 AT ! 5SU+ ELECTION2 & NOT TO WA/E !IR 5]GIES OR 9FLU5CE UPON ANY ( ! FRIVOL\S & GR\NDLESS ISSUES1 :I* DIVIDE ! F\R DIFF]5T FACTIONS N[ CONT5D+ = POSSESSION ( ! GOV]NM5T4 
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,( ALL !SE FACTIONS1 ! ,REPUBLICAN IS ! MO/ ?OR\<LY S5SELESS1 BASELESS1 AIMLESS1 9CONSI/5T1 & 9S9C]E4 ,IT HAS NO CON/ITUTIONAL PR9CIPLES TO /& UPON1 & IT LIVES UP TO NO MORAL ONES4 ,IT AIMS AT NO?+ = FRE$OM1 & IS SURE TO ACCOMPLI% IT4 ,! O!R FACTIONS HAVE AT LEA/ ! M]ITS ( FRANKNESS & CONSI/5CY4 ,!Y >E OP5LY ON ! SIDE ( SLAV]Y1 & MAKE NO HYPOCRITICAL GRIMACES AT SUPPORT+ IT4 ,! ,REPUBLICANS1 ON ! O!R H&1 >E D\BLE-FAC$1 D\BLE-TONGU$1 HYPOCRITICAL1 & 9CONSI/5T TO ! LA/ DEGREE4 ,WE SPEAK N[ ( !IR PRESSES & PUBLIC M54 ,DUPLICITY & DECEIT SEEM TO BE REG>D$ BY !M AS !IR ONLY AVAILABLE CAPITAL4 ,?IS RESULTS FROM ! FACT ?AT ! FACTION CONSI/S ( TWO W+S1 ONE FAVORABLE TO LIB]TY1 ! O!R TO SLAV]Y2 NEI!R ( !M ALONE /RONG 5\< = SUCCESS2 & NEI!R ( !M HONE/ 5\< TO SUBMIT TO PRES5T DEFEAT = !IR PR9CIPLES4 ,H[ TO KEEP !SE TWO W+S TOGE!R UNTIL !Y %ALL HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 CLUT*+ ! SPOILS & P[] ( (FICE1 IS ! GREAT PROBLEM ) ! MANAG]S4 ,! PLAN ADOPT$ IS1 TO MAKE1 ON ! ONE H&1 ! MO/ DESP]ATE EF=TS TO PROVE ?AT !IR CONSCI5CES & ALL !IR MORAL S5TIM5TS >E OPPOS$ TO SLAV]Y1 & ?AT !Y WILL DO EV]Y ?+ !Y CON/ITUTIONALLY CAN1 AGA9/ IT2 &1 ON ! O!R1 TO MAKE EQUALLY DESP]ATE EF=TS TO PROVE ?AT !Y HAVE ! MO/ SACR$ REV]5CE = ! CON/ITUTION1 & ?AT ! CON/ITUTION GIVES !M NO P[] :ATEV] TO 9T]F]E ) SLAV]Y 9 ! ,/ATES4 ,SO !Y CRY TO ONE W+ ( !IR P>TY1 0,PUT US 9 P[]1 & WE WILL DO EV]Y ?+ WE CON/ITUTIONALLY CAN = LIB]TY40 ,TO ! O!R W+1 !Y CRY1 0,PUT US 9 P[]4 ,Y\ CAN DO IT ) P]FECT SAFETY TO SLAV]Y--= CON/ITUTIONALLY WE CAN DO NO?+ AGA9/ IT1 :]E IT IS40 

,IT IS LUCKY = !SE ,JESUITICAL DEMAGOGUES ?AT !RE HAPP5 TO BE1 BORD]+ UPON ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 C]TA9 WILD]NESS REGIONS1 OV] :I* ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAVE HI!RTO USURP$ JURISDICTION4 ,?IS GIVES !M AN OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE A %[ ( LIV+ UP TO !IR PR(ESSIONS1 BY APPE>+ TO C>RY ON A T]RIFIC W> AGA9/ SLAV]Y1 \TSIDE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E IT IS NOT2 :ILE1 )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 0:]E IT IS10 !Y HAVE NO POLITICAL QU>REL ) IT :ATEV]1 BUT ONLY MAKE A PRET5SE ( HAV+ V]Y VIOL5T MORAL S5TIM5TS4 

,\TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E SLAV]Y IS NOT1 & :]E ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES REALLY HAVE NO JURISDICTION1 ! BATTLE IS MADE1 BY !SE M51 TO APPE> TO BE A REAL BATTLE ( /ATUTES1 AT LEA/1 IF NOT ( PR9CIPLES4 ,)9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E SLAV]Y IS1 & :]E ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAVE JURISDICTION1 ! CONTE/ IS PLA9LY A M]E CONTE/ ( HYPOCRISY1 RHETORIC1 & FU/IAN1 & A SELFI% /RUGGLE = ! HONORS & SPOILS ( (FICE4 

,9 ?IS W>F>E1 9 :I* IT IS UND]/OOD ?AT SLAV]Y IS NOT TO BE HURT1 ! WEAPONS EMPLOY$ >E MO/LY ABSURD1 BOMBA/IC1 & FRAUDUL5T WAT*WORDS1 9 PREF]5CE TO ANY CON/ITUTIONAL PR9CIPLES1 ?AT MI<T BE DANG]\S TO ! OBJECT ASSAIL$4 ,AMONG ! WAT*WORDS >E !SE3 0,FRE$OM ,NATIONAL1 ,SLAV]Y ,SECTIONAL20 0,FREE ,LABOR & ,FREE ,M520 0,NON-EXT5SION ( ,SLAV]Y20 0,D[N ) ! ,SLAVE ,OLIG>*Y10 @&C41 @&C4 ,ALL !SE1 AS US$ BY ! ,REPUBLICANS1 >E EI!R SIMPLE ABSURDITIES1 OR FAIR-S\ND+ FALSEHOODS4 

,TAKE1 = EXAMPLE1 0,FRE$OM ,NATIONAL1 ,SLAV]Y ,SECTIONAL40 ,?IS IS BO? AN ABSURDITY & A FALSEHOOD1 ON ITS FACE2 = H[ CAN FRE$OM BE NATIONAL1 SO LONG AS ANY SECTION ( ! NATION CAN BE GIV5 UP TO SLAV]Y8 0,FRE$OM ,NATIONAL10 TO HAVE ANY S5SE1 IMPLIES A P>AM\NT LAW = FRE$OM P]VAD+ ! :OLE NATION2 & IS 9CONSI/5T ) ! IDEA ?AT SLAV]Y CAN BE LEGAL 9 SO MU* EV5 AS A SECTION ( ! NATION4 ,BUT1 9 ! M\?S ( ! ,REPUBLICANS1 0,FRE$OM ,NATIONAL1 ,SLAV]Y ,SECTIONAL10 MEANS SIMPLY ?AT1 = T]RITORY \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 !RE IS A P>AM\NT NATIONAL LAW1 ?AT REQUIRES1 OR AT LEA/ P]MITS1 LIB]TY2 :ILE1 )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ?IS NATIONAL LAW IS1 OR LEGALLY MAY BE1 OV]BORNE BY LOCAL OR SECTIONAL LAWS2 & ?US ! 5TIRE T]RITORY ( ! NATION BE GIV5 UP TO 0SECTIONAL SLAV]Y40 

,IF !RE BE ANY T]RITORY1 )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 REG>D TO :I* ?IS ASSUM$ NATIONAL LAW ( FRE$OM IS P>AM\NT1 IT CAN BE1 AT MO/1 ONLY ! ,DI/RICT ( ,COLUMBIA1 & A FEW PLACES OCCUPI$ AS =TS1 >S5ALS1 @&C41 OV] :I* CONGRESS HAVE 0EXCLUSIVE LEGISLATION10--PLACES :I* >E BUT AS P9-PO9TS ON ! MAP ( ! NATION4 

,& YET ?IS FALSE1 ABSURD1 SELF-CONTRADICTORY1 & RIDICUL\S MOTTO1 :I* REALLY MEANS NO?+ = FRE$OM1 BUT GIVES UP ! :OLE NATION TO SLAV]Y1 IF ! SECTIONS 7,/ATES7 SO *OOSE1 HAS ALREADY HAD A LONG LIFE1 AS EXPRESS+ ONE ( ! C>D9AL PR9CIPLES ( ! ,REPUBLICAN FACTION4 

,! MOTTO1 0,FREE ,LABOR & ,FREE ,M510 9 ! M\?S ( ! ,REPUBLICANS1 IS AS FALSE & ,JESUITICAL AS 0,FRE$OM ,NATIONAL1 & ,SLAV]Y ,SECTIONAL40 ,9 ! M\?S ( HONE/ M51 IT W\LD IMPLY ?AT !Y W]E 9T5T UPON GIV+ FRE$OM TO LABOR & M51 ?AT N[ >E NOT FREE4 ,BUT 9 ! M\?S ( ,REPUBLICANS1 IT ONLY MEANS ?AT !Y >E LOOK+ AFT] ! 9T]E/S ( ! LABOR & ! M51 ?AT >E ALREADY FREE2 & ?AT1 AS = ! LABOR & ! M51 ?AT >E NOT FREE1 !Y MAY REMA9 9 BONDAGE = EV]1 = AU<T ! ,REPUBLICANS WILL EV] DO TO HELP !M \T ( IT4 

,?IS FALSE1 HE>TLESS1 & 9FAM\S WAT*WORD--= IT DES]VES NO MILD] DESCRIPTION--HAS ALSO HAD A LONG LIFE1 AS EXPRESS+ A C>D9AL PR9CIPLE ( ! P>TY4 

,BUT 0,! ,NON-,EXT5SION ( ,SLAV]Y0 IS ! TRANSC5D5T PR9CIPLE ( !SE PRET5D$ ADVOCATES ( LIB]TY4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS SIGN !Y EXPECT TO CONQU]4 ,:AT DOES IT MEAN1 OR AM\NT TO8 ,DOES IT MEAN ! NON-EXT5SION ( SLAV]Y 9 PO9T ( TIME8 ,NO2 = SLAV]Y MAY BE EXT5D$ ?R\< ALL TIME1 )\T OB/RUCTION FROM !M4 ,DOES IT MEAN ?AT SLAV]Y %ALL NOT BE EXT5D$ TO NEW VICTIMS8 ,NO2 = !Y CONS5T ?AT IT MAY BE EXT5D$ TO ALL ! NATURAL 9CREASE ( ! EXI/+ SLAVES1 UNTIL AT LEA/ ! #h#e1 SQU>E MILES1 N[ OCCUPI$ BY SLAV]Y1 %ALL BE FILL$ ) SLAVES TO ITS UTMO/ CAPACITY4 

,:AT1 !N1 IS ! EXT5SION TO :I* !Y >E SO VIOL5TLY OPPOS$8 ,:Y1 IT IS ONLY ?IS3 ,IF A SLAVE IS C>RI$ BY HIS [N] FROM ONE PLACE TO ANO!R1 ?AT IS AN EXT5SION ( SLAV]Y6 

,TO CONT9UE A MAN & HIS PO/]ITY 9 SLAV]Y ?R\< ALL TIME1 9 ONE LOCALITY1 IS NO EXT5SION ( SLAV]Y1 )9 ! ,REPUBLICAN MEAN+ ( ! T]M4 ,BUT TO REMOVE HIM FROM ?AT LOCALITY TO ANO!R1 IS AN 0EXT5SION ( SLAV]Y0 TOO HORRIBLE = !SE DEVOTEES ( LIB]TY TO ?9K (4 

,BUT !SE ,REPUBLICANS1 EI!R FOOLI%LY OR FRAUDUL5TLY1 5C\RAGE ! IDEA1 ?AT IF SLAV]Y CAN BUT BE CONF9$ )9 ! SPACE IT N[ OCCUPIES1 IT WILL SOON DIE \T2 :]EAS1 9 TRU?1 SO F> AS M]E SPACE IS CONC]N$1 IT PROBABLY HAS 5\< ALREADY = IT TO LIVE & FL\RI% 9 = TWO1 ?REE1 OR FIVE HUNDR$ YE>S4 

0,D[N ) ! ,SLAVE ,OLIG>*Y10 W\LD1 TO ! M9DS ( MO/ M51 CONVEY ! IDEA ( AN 9T5TION TO OV]?R[ ! P[] ( ! SLAVEHOLD]S1 BY ANNIHILAT+ !IR RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 !IR SLAVES4 ,BUT 9 ! CRE$ ( ! ,REPUBLICANS1 0,D[N ) ! ,SLAVE ,OLIG>*Y0 MEANS NO SU* ?+4 ,IT MEANS ONLY ?AT ! SLAVEHOLD]S %ALL NOT HAVE SO MU* 9FLU5CE 9 ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 & ESPECIALLY ?AT !Y %ALL NOT HAVE SO L>GE A %>E ( ! NATIONAL (FICES1 AS !Y HAVE HI!RTO HAD ! ADDRESS TO SECURE6 ,& !SE WISE ,REPUBLICANS IMAG9E !Y CAN OV]?R[ ! SLAVE OLIG>*Y1 & DE/ROY !IR 9FLU5CE 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT !Y 7! ,REPUBLICANS7 MA9TA9 ! 9VIOLABILITY ( ! ?REE OR F\R ?\S& MILLIONS ( DOLL>S ( PROP]TY 9 M51 ON :I* ! SLAVE OLIG>*Y RE/1 & :5CE ALL !IR 9FLU5CE IS D]IV$4 

,BUT SUPPOSE ! SLAVE OLIG>*Y CAN BE OV]?R[N1 AFT] ?IS PLAN ( ! ,REPUBLICANS1 :AT RI<T HAVE ! LATT]1 AS CONSI/5T M51 ACT+ UND] ! CON/ITUTION1 & PL$G$ TO ITS SUPPORT1 TO ATTEMPT TO OV]?R[ ! SLAVE OLIG>*Y1 SO LONG AS !Y 7! ,REPUBLICANS7 CONC$E ?AT ! OLIG>*Y >E NOT VIOLAT+ ! CON/ITUTION1 BY HOLD+ !IR FELL[-M5 AS PROP]TY8 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,REPUBLICAN 9T]PRETATION ( ! CON/ITUTION1 ! SLAVE OLIG>*Y >E JU/ AS GOOD CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 EX]CIS+ ONLY !IR CON/ITUTIONAL RI<TS1 AS >E ! ,REPUBLICANS !MSELVES4 ,9DE$1 !RE W\LD BE NO?+ 9CONSI/5T 9 ! 5TIRE SLAVE OLIG>*Y BE+ MEMB]S ( ! ,REPUBLICAN FACTION1 9 FULL COMMUNION4 ,!RE IS NO?+ 9 ! POLITICAL CRE$ ( ! LATT]1 ?AT REALLY NE$ /ICK AT ALL 9 ! ?ROATS ( ! =M]2 & ! ,REPUBLICANS !MSELVES1 OR1 AT LEA/1 A L>GE PORTION ( !M1 W\LD1 NO D\BT1 BE V]Y MU* DELI<T$ BY SU* AN ACCESSION TO !IR NUMB]S4 

0,! ,SUPPRESSION ( ! ,SLAVE ,TRADE0 APPE>S TO BE BECOM+ ONE ( !IR P>TY WAT*WORDS4 ,BUT1 IF S\!RN JURIES WILL NEI!R 9DICT1 NOR CONVICT1 H[ IS ! SLAVE TRADE TO BE SUPPRESS$8 & H[ CAN ! ,REPUBLICANS ASK OR EXPECT S\!RN JURIES TO 9DICT1 OR CONVICT1 = BR++ SLAVES FROM ,AFRICA1 SO LONG AS !Y 7! ,REPUBLICANS7 CONC$E ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 F\R MILLIONS ( NATIVE ,AM]ICANS8 ,!RE IS PLA9LY NO CONSI/5T WAY :ATEV]1 ( SUPPRESS+ ! SLAVE TRADE1 EXCEPT BY GIV+ FRE$OM TO ! SLAVES ALREADY 9 ! C\NTRY1 & ALL ?AT MAY BE BR\<T 91 & ?US PUTT+ AN 5D TO ! SLAVE M>KET4 ,& !RE IS1 PROBABLY1 NO O!R POSSIBLE WAY ( SUPPRESS+ IT4 ,C]TA9LY1 !RE IS NO O!R POSSIBLE WAY ( SUPPRESS+ IT1 UNLESS BY SU* AN 5ORM\S EXP5DITURE AS ! NATION WILL NEV] BE LIKELY TO 9CUR4 0,! ,SUPPRESSION ( ! ,SLAVE ,TRADE0 MAY1 !RE=E1 FAIRLY BE SET D[N AS ANO!R ( ! FRAUDUL5T WAT*WORDS ( ! ,REPUBLICAN FACTION4 

,/ILL ANO!R SPECIM5 ( ! HYPOCRISY ( ?IS FACTION1 IS TO BE F\ND 9 ITS NAME4 ,IT HAS TAK5 TO ITSELF ! NAME ( ,REPUBLICAN4 ,!Y >E GREAT /ICKL]S = ! CON/ITUTION1 & MANY1 OR MO/1 ( !M 0/RICT CON/RUCTIONI/S10 AT ?AT4 ,! WORD1 0,REPUBLICAN10 IS F\ND BUT ONCE 9 ! CON/ITUTION1 & WE >E B\ND TO PRESUME ?AT ?IS CON/ITUTIONAL P>TY HAVE *OS5 !IR NAME ) REF]5CE TO ! SIGNIFICATION ( ?AT WORD 9 ! CON/ITUTION4 ,BUT DO !Y PROPOSE 0TO GU>ANTEE TO EV]Y ,/ATE 9 ?IS ,UNION A REPUBLICAN =M ( GOV]NM5T80--A GOV]NM5T ?AT %ALL SECURE TO ALL ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 )9 ! ,/ATES1 ! PROTECTION ( ! LAWS8 ,& DO !Y PROPOSE ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T %ALL ASC]TA9 = ITSELF1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 :O ITS [N CITIZ5S >E1 )9 ! ,/ATES1 ?AT IT MAY FULFILL ?IS GU>ANTEE TO !M8 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,SO F> FROM IT1 !Y HOLD1 9 ! LANGUAGE ( ! ,*ICAGO PLAT=M1 ?AT-- 

0,! MA9T5ANCE 9VIOLATE ( ! RI<TS ( ! ,/ATES1 &1 ESPECIALLY1 ! RI<T ( EA* ,/ATE TO ORD] & CONTROL ITS [N DOME/IC 9/ITUTIONS1 ACCORD+ TO ITS [N JUDGM5T EXCLUSIVELY1 IS ESS5TIAL TO ?AT BALANCE ( P[]1 ON :I* ! P]FECTION & 5DURANCE ( \R POLITICAL FAI? DEP5D2 & WE D5\NCE ! LAWLESS 9VASION1 BY >M$ =CE1 ( ANY ,/ATE OR ,T]RITORY1 NO MATT] UND] :AT PRETEXT1 AS AMONG ! GRAVE/ ( CRIMES40 

,?IS MEANS1 IF IT MEANS ANY ?+1 ?AT ! 0,SLAVE ,OLIG>*Y10 OR ANY O!R BODY ( M51 H[EV] SMALL1 :O MAY *ANCE TO GET ! P[] ( A ,/ATE 9TO !IR H&S1 MAY R$UCE ANYBODY & EV]YBODY1 BLACK & :ITE1 TO SLAV]Y1 )\T 9T]F]5CE FROM ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T2 & ?AT = PRIVATE P]SONS TO GO TO ! RESCUE ( !IR FELL[-M51 FROM !SE ROBB]S1 RAVI%]S1 & KIDNAPP]S1 W\LD BE 0AMONG ! GRAVE/ ( CRIMES40 

,?IS IS GIV+ TO SLAV]Y MORE ?AN IT EV] ASK$4 ,EV5 ! ,DR$ ,SCOTT JUDGES !MSELVES SET UP NO SU* CLAIM = IT AS ?IS4 ,!IR OP9ION ADMITS ?AT :ITES >E CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 &1 BECAUSE !Y >E SU*1 CANNOT BE 5SLAV$ BY ! ,/ATES4 ,?OSE JUDGES >E1 9 FACT1 0NON-EXT5SIONI/S10 & HAVE A MU* BETT] CLAIM TO ?AT TITLE ?AN ! ,REPUBLICANS2 = !Y CONC$$ ?AT SLAV]Y C\LD NOT BE EXT5D$ BEYOND ! LIMITS ( A S+LE RACE2 :]EAS ! ,REPUBLICANS ACKN[L$GE NO SU*1 OR ANY O!R1 LIMIT TO SLAV]Y 9 ! ,/ATES2 OR :AT IS ! SAME ?+1 TO SLAV]Y 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,WE BELIEVE ?AT NO BODY EV5 ( S\!RN M51 RESPECTABLE EI!R = NUMB]S1 OR AS REPRES5TATIVES ( S\!RN S5TIM5T1 HAVE EV] ATTEMPT$ TO C>RY ?IS DOCTR9E ( ,/ATE ,RI<TS TO SU* L5G?S1 9 BEHALF ( SLAV]Y1 AS IT IS H]E CONC$$ TO !M BY ! PRET5D$ FRI5DS ( LIB]TY4 ,9 FACT1 !SE M5 HAVE BE5 ATTEMPT+1 = YE>S1 TO RIVAL1 AT LEA/1 IF NOT TO \TDO1 EV5 S\!RN M51 9 !IR ADVOCACY ( ?IS TRUMP]Y DOCTR9E ( 0,/ATE ,RI<TS40 ,& !Y HAVE AT L5G? SUCCE$$ 9 ABSOLUTELY \TDO+ !M4 ,& !IR MOTIVE HAS BE51 ?AT !Y MI<T GA9 ! REPUTATION ( BE+ *AMPIONS ( LIB]TY AT ! NOR?1 & AT ! SAME TIME AVOID ! NECESSITY ( P]=M+ ANY S]VICE = LIB]TY AT ! S\?1 :]E ALONE ANY REAL S]VICE WAS NE$$4 

,IT IS ( NO AVAIL1 AS A DEF5SE = ! ,REPUBLICANS1 TO SAY1 ?AT1 9 ANO!R RESOLUTION1 AT ,*ICAGO1 !Y DECL>$-- 

0,?AT ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! PR9CIPLES PROMULGAT$ 9 ! ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE1 & EMBODI$ 9 ! F$]AL CON/ITUTION1 IS ESS5TIAL TO ! PRES]VATION ( \R ,REPUBLICAN 9/ITUTIONS2 ?AT ! F$]AL CON/ITUTION1 ! RI<TS ( ! ,/ATES1 & ! UNION ( ! ,/ATES1 MU/ & %ALL BE PRES]V$2 & ?AT WE RE-ASS]T '!SE TRU?S TO BE SELF-EVID5T1--?AT ALL M5 >E CREAT$ EQUAL2 ?AT !Y >E 5D[$ BY !IR ,CREATOR ) C]TA9 9ALI5ABLE RI<TS2 ?AT AMONG !SE >E LIFE1 LIB]TY1 & ! PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS4 ,?AT TO SECURE !SE RI<TS1 GOV]NM5TS >E 9/ITUT$ AMONG M51 D]IV+ !IR JU/ P[]S FROM ! CONS5T ( ! GOV]N$4' 0 

,IT IS ( NO AVAIL ?AT !Y DECL>E !SE PR9CIPLES1 9 ONE BREA?1 :51 9 ! NEXT1 !Y DECL>E ! UNLIMIT$ RI<T ( ! ,/ATES TO R$UCE M5 TO BONDAGE4 ,?AT !Y %\LD ASS]T SU* OPPOSITE PR9CIPLES1 ONLY PROVES :AT UNBLU%+ HYPOCRITES & LI>S !Y >E2 & ?AT !Y >E READY TO ASS]T ANY PR9CIPLES :ATEV]1 FROM ! EXTREME ( LIB]TY1 TO ! EXTREME ( SLAV]Y1 IF !Y CAN !REBY CONCILIATE OR DECEIVE ! TWO OPPOSITE W+S ( !IR FACTION1 & KEEP !M TOGE!R UNTIL !IR OBJECT ( GA9+ POSSESSION ( ! GOV]NM5T ( ! C\NTRY %ALL BE ATTA9$4 

,WE HAVE REC5TLY BE5 TOLD1 ON HI< ,REPUBLICAN AU?ORITY1 ?AT SLAV]Y IS A 0FIVE-HEAD$ 5ORMITY40 ,WELL1 BE IT SO4 ,H[ DO ! ,REPUBLICANS PROPOSE TO COMBAT ?IS 0FIVE-HEAD$ 5ORMITY80 ,WE ?9K WE HAVE %[N ?AT !Y PROPOSE TO COMBAT IT ONLY BY AN IMPO/URE1 ?AT IS AT LEA/ TWELVE-HEAD$4 ,?IS TWELVE-HEAD$ IMPO/URE CONSI/S ( !SE TWELVE SEP>ATE IMPO/URES1 TO WIT3-- 

#a4 ,! IMPO/URE ( 0,FRE$OM ,NATIONAL1 & ,SLAV]Y ,SECTIONAL40 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 NATIONAL FRE$OM \TSIDE ( ! NATION1 & SECTIONAL SLAV]Y ALL OV] ! NATION ITSELF1 IF ! SEP>ATE SECTIONS 7,/ATES7 %ALL SO *OOSE4 

#b4 ,! IMPO/URE ( 0,FREE ,LABOR & ,FREE ,M540 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 SEEK+ ! 9T]E/S ALONE ( ! LABOR & ! M51 ?AT >E ALREADY FREE2 & LEAV+ ! LABOR & ! M51 ?AT >E NOT FREE1 TO !IR FATE4 

#c4 ,! IMPO/URE ( 0,NON-,EXT5SION ( ,SLAV]Y40 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 EXT5D+ SLAV]Y ?R\< ALL TIME1 & TO AS MANY NEW VICTIMS AS ! ,/ATES RESPECTIVELY MAY *OOSE2 & 0NON-EXT5D+0 IT ONLY BY NOT REMOV+ ! SLAVES FROM ONE PLACE TO ANO!R2 BUT CONF9+ !M )9 ! N>R[ PREC9CTS ( #h#e1 SQU>E MILES1 :]E IT IS TO BE PRESUM$1 !Y WILL SOON DIE \T FROM COMPRESSION1 SUFFOCATION1 OR SOME O!R EQUALLY PROBABLE CAUSE4 

#d4 ,! IMPO/URE ( 0,D[N ) ! ,SLAVE ,OLIG>*Y40 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 MA9TA9+ ! SLAVEHOLD]S' RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 !IR SLAVES1 BUT DEPRIV+ !M ( ! POLITICAL 9FLU5CE :I* ?AT PROP]TY NATURALLY GIVES !M4 

#e4 ,! IMPO/URE ( 0,! ,SUPPRESSION ( ! ,SLAVE ,TRADE40 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 ! SUPPRESSION ( ! SLAVE TRADE BY /ATUTES1 :I* SLAVEHOLD+ JURIES >E EXPECT$ TO EXECUTE2 ! SUPPRESSION ( ! SLAVE TRADE1 :ILE ! SLAVE M>KETS >E KEPT OP52 ! SUPPRESSION ( ! SLAVE TRADE 9 NATIVE ,AFRICANS1 :ILE MA9TA9+ ! SLAV]Y ( NATIVE ,AM]ICANS4 

#f4 ,! IMPO/URE ( A P>TY1 CALL+ ITSELF 0,REPUBLICAN10 & PR(ESS+ TO BE A /RICTLY CON/ITUTIONAL P>TY2 & YET REFUS+ TO P]=M ! ONLY DUTY :I* ! CON/ITUTION 5JO9S UND] ! SPECIFIC NAME ( 0,REPUBLICAN40 

#g4 ,! IMPO/URE ( DECL>+ ?AT ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAN BE 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&10 & YET HAVE NO EFFECT 9 FIX+ ! POLITICAL /ATUS ( ! PEOPLE4 

#h4 ,! IMPO/URE ( 0,/ATE ,RI<TS40 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 ! IMPO/URE ( DECL>+ ?AT ! ,/ATES CAN R$UCE EV]YBODY1 OR ANYBODY1 TO SLAV]Y1 & ?US DEPRIVE !M ( ALL RI<TS UND] ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T2 & YET ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T HAVE NO RI<T TO 9T]F]E = !IR PROTECTION4 

#i4 ,! IMPO/URE ( ASSUM+ ?AT A GOV]NM5T1 :I* PURPORTS TO BE DI/9CTLY ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & ( NO O!R C\NTRY OR PEOPLE ON E>?1 %\LD HAVE 7AS ! ,REPUBLICANS CLAIM7 SO MU* MORE POLITICAL P[] OV] C\NTRIES & PEOPLES \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ?AN IT HAS OV] ?OSE )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

#a4 ,! IMPO/URE ( ASSUM+ ?AT ! ,REPUBLICANS OR ANYBODY ELSE CAN MAKE GREAT CONQUE/S = LIB]TY1 & AT ! SAME TIME DO NO?+ AT ALL TO ! 9JURY ( SLAV]Y4 

#a#a4 ,! CONSUMMATE IMPO/URE ( SUPPOS+ ?AT RHETORIC1 & FU/IAN1 & BOMBA/1 >E ! ONLY WEAPONS NECESS>Y TO RID ! E>? ( TYRANTS4 

#a#b4 ,! TRANSC5D5T IMPO/URE ( SUPPOS+ ?AT ! ,REPUBLICAN P>TY ITSELF IS1 OR EV] HAS BE51 ANY ?+ ELSE ?AN AN IMPO/URE4 

,WE C\LD PROBABLY F9D /ILL O!R 0HEADS0 ( ?IS ,REPUBLICAN IMPO/URE1 IF WE HAD LEISURE & 9CL9ATION TO SE>* = !M4 ,BUT1 H[EV] MANY WE MI<T F9D1 WE %\LD UND\BT$LY F9D !M ALL FILL$ ) ! SAME K9D ( EMPT9ESS AS ?OSE WE HAVE 5UM]AT$4 

,BUT 9FIDELITY TO !IR [N CONVICTIONS ( ! TRUE *>ACT] ( ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 ITS RELATION TO SLAV]Y1 IS ! CR[N+ 9CONSI/5CY1 HYPOCRISY1 & CRIME ( L>GE NUMB]S1 AT LEA/1 ( ! ,REPUBLICAN FACTION4 

,!RE IS NO REASON TO D\BT ?AT V]Y L>GE NUMB]S ( ?AT W+ ( ! P>TY1 :I* IS S9C]ELY FAVORABLE TO LIB]TY1 9CLUD+ A DUE PROPORTION ( !IR PUBLIC M51 BELIEVE ?AT ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS NOT ONLY FREE ITSELF FROM ! /A9 ( SLAV]Y1 BUT ?AT IT GIVES LIB]TY TO ALL 0! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES10 0ANY ?+ 9 ! CON/ITUTIONS OR LAWS ( ! ,/ATES TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+40 

,( ! PUBLIC M51 :O HOLD ?IS BELIEF1 !RE IS MU* EVID5CE BE=E ! PUBLIC1 T5D+ TO PROVE--PROBABLY SUFFICI5T RATIONALLY TO PROVE--?AT ,WILLIAM ,H4 ,SEW>D IS ONE2 ?AT SU* HAS BE5 HIS BELIEF = MANY YE>S2 & ?AT HE HAS 9T5D$ TO AV[ IT1 & ACT UPON IT1 SO SOON AS HE C\LD DO SO ) SAFETY TO HIS POLITICAL ASPIRATIONS4 ,NEV]!LESS1 SU* WAS ! UNPR9CIPL$ *>ACT] ( ! FACTION ON :OM HE RELI$ = HIS AGGR&IZEM5T1 & SU* ! UNPR9CIPL$ *>ACT] ( ! MAN HIMSELF 7NOT)/&+ HE HAS BE5 SUPPOS$ TO COMB9E MORE ABILITY1 C\RAGE1 & 9TEGRITY1 ?AN ANY O!R MAN ( ! FACTION7 ?AT1 ON ! #b#i? ( ,FEBRU>Y LA/1 HE WAS WEAK & WICK$ 5\<1 9 VIEW ( HIS POLITICAL EXIG5CIES1 NOT ONLY TO IGNORE ALL CON/ITUTIONAL OP9IONS FAVORABLE TO LIB]TY1 BUT VIRTUALLY TO IGNORE ALL ! MORAL S5TIM5TS HE HAD EV] PR(ESS$ ON ! SUBJECT4 ,) A DELIB]ATE HE>TLESSNESS1 SO MON/R\S AS TO BE DISGU/+1 HE TREAT$ ( F\R MILLIONS ( HUMAN BE+S--HAV+ ! SAME NATURAL RI<TS ) HIMSELF--& HAV+ ALSO1 9 HIS [N E/IMATION 7AS WE ?9K7 EQUAL POLITICAL RI<TS ) HIMSELF1 UND] ! CON/ITUTION HE HAD SWORN TO SUPPORT--WE SAY HE HE>TLESSLY TREAT$ ( !SE F\R MILLIONS ( M51 & !IR PO/]ITY1 AS SO MU* CAPITAL--NOT1 P]HAPS1 ! BE/ =M ( CAPITAL--BUT :E!R1 OR NOT1 ! BE/ =M ( CAPITAL1 WAS = ! [N]S TO JUDGE1 & = EXP]I5CE TO DET]M9E4 ,& IF1 BE=E ?IS EXP]IM5T %\LD BE CLOS$1 ANYBODY %\LD PRESUME TO RECOGNIZE !M AS M51 & ATTEMPT TO CONV]T !M FROM CAPITAL 9TO M52 OR RECOGNIZE !M AS CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & GO TO !IR RESCUE 7AS ANY ONE1 ON ! HYPO!SIS ( !IR BE+ SU* CITIZ5S1 MI<T LEGALLY DO7 SU* A P]SON1 SAID ,MR4 ,SEW>D1 MU/ NECESS>ILY1 & MAY JU/LY1 BE HUNG4 

,?US ?IS %AMELESS MAN /OOD \T1 & /RIPP$ HIMSELF BE=E ! EYES ( ALL PEOPLE1 & LABOR$1 9 !IR PRES5CE1 TO COV] HIMSELF ALL OV] ) ?IS MORAL & POLITICAL FIL?1 9 ORD] TO DEAD5 ! HAT$ ODORS ( LIB]TY1 HUMANITY1 & JU/ICE1 :I* HE FE>$ MI<T BE /ILL CL++ TO HIM1 AS RELICS ( HIS =M] PR(ESSIONS 7& PR9CIPLES1 IF HE EV] HAD ANY71 & !REBY FIT HIMSELF1 IF POSSIBLE1 TO BECOME ! C&IDATE ( HIS FACTION4 ,& ! 9FAM\S *>ACT] ( ! FACTION ITSELF IS TO BE 9F]R$ FROM ! FACT1 ?AT ALL ?IS SELF-DEFILEM5T1 ON HIS P>T1 WAS UNSUCCESSFUL TO SECURE = HIM !IR CONFID5CE4 ,!Y FE>$ ?AT AT LEA/ ! SMELL ( LIB]TY MI<T /ILL BE UPON HIM2 &1 !RE=E1 FIX$ !IR *OICE UPON ONE1 :O1 IF NOT MORE CLE> ( ALL REAL LOVE = FRE$OM1 WAS AT LEA/ LESS SUSPECT$ ( ANY SU* DISQUALIFICATION4 

,:AT WE HAVE SUPPOS$ TO BE TRUE ( ,MR4 ,SEW>D1 WE HAVE GOOD REASON TO BELIEVE TO BE ALSO TRUE ( SEV]AL1 P]HAPS MANY1 O!R ,REPUBLICAN MEMB]S ( CONGRESS1 VIZ41 ?AT1 BELIEV+ ! SLAVES 9 ?IS C\NTRY TO BE1 9 ! VIEW ( ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 FULL CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 EQUALLY ) !MSELVES1 !Y NEV]!LESS1 = ! SAKE ( GA9+ P[]1 PUBLICLY ACKN[L$GE & DECL>E !IR 5SLAVEM5T TO BE CON/ITUTIONAL1 & ?AT ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T HAS NO AU?ORITY TO LIB]ATE !M4 

,WE ?9K ! FRI5DS ( LIB]TY1 9 EV]Y CONGRESSIONAL DI/RICT1 %\LD LOOK %>PLY AFT] !IR REPRES5TATIVES ON ?IS PO9T4 ,WE DO NOT WI% TO S5D M5 TO CONGRESS1 :O WILL BELIE ! CON/ITUTION1 !Y SWE> TO SUPPORT4 ,WE DO NOT EV5 WI% TO S5D !M !RE TO GIVE US ESSAYS ON ! MORAL NATURE ( SLAV]Y4 ,WE UND]/& ?AT MATT] ALREADY4 ,BUT1 AS ,JOHN ,BR[N W\LD SAY1 WE WANT M5 !RE1 :O1 BELIEV+ ! CON/ITUTION GIVES LIB]TY TO ALL1 WILL PUT ! ?+ ?R\<4 

,WE UND]/& ! REASONS GIV51 9 PRIVATE1 BY !SE M51 :Y !Y DO NOT DECL>E ?AT SLAV]Y IS UNCON/ITUTIONAL1 & ?AT ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T HAS P[] TO ABOLI% IT1 TO BE1 ,?AT ! PEOPLE >E NOT READY = IT6 ,?AT ! ,REPUBLICANS MU/ FIR/ GETPOSSESSION ( ! GOV]NM5T6 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 !SE M5 MU/ P]SI/ 9 !IR FALSE ASSEV]ATIONS1 ?AT ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T HAS NO P[] TO ABOLI% SLAV]Y2 ?AT !Y1 IF PLAC$ 9 POSSESSION ( ?AT GOV]NM5T1 NEV] WILL ABOLI% IT2 BUT WILL1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 SU/A9 IT 9 ! ,/ATES :]E IT IS--!Y MU/ P]SI/ 9 !SE ASSEV]ATIONS1 UNTIL !Y GET ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T 9TO !IR H&S2 !N1 AS !Y WI% IT TO BE 9F]R$1 !Y WILL AV[ ! FRAUD BY :I* !Y OBTA9$ !IR P[]2 WILL TAKE IT = GRANT$ ?AT ! PEOPLE >E READY TO BE 9=M$ :AT ! CON/ITUTIONAL LAW ( ! C\NTRY REALLY IS2 & WILL PROCE$ TO PUT IT 9TO EXECUTION1 BY GIV+ LIB]TY TO ALL6 

,SPIRITS ( ,HAMPD51 & ,PYM1 & ,SIDNEY1 & ,ELLIOT2 ( ,OTIS1 & ,JEFF]SON1 & ! ,ADAMSES6 ,DID Y\1 9 ! FULL POSSESSION ( FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ! PRESS2 ) /EAM & ELECTRICITY TO C>RY Y\R WORDS TO ! PEOPLE2 ) B\NDLESS WEAL?1 ! MORAL S5TIM5TS ( ! WORLD1 & ! CON/ITUTIONAL LAW ( Y\R C\NTRIES1 ON Y\R SIDE--DID Y\1 UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES AS !SE1 RESI/ TYRANNY1 BY ASS]T+ IT TO BE LEGAL1 & SWE>+ ?AT Y\ W\LD SUPPORT IT1 :]E IT PREVAIL$8 & DECL>+ ?AT Y\ W\LD ONLY OPPOSE ITS EXT5SION 9TO NEW REGIONS8 ,DID Y\ DO ALL ?IS UND] ! PRET5SE ?AT ! PEOPLE W]E NOT READY = ! TRU?8 ?AT Y\ MU/ GET POSSESSION ( ALL ! HI< PLACES ( P[]1 BE=E Y\ C\LD DO OR SAY ANY ?+ = FRE$OM8 & ?AT1 :5 Y\ %\LD HAVE OBTA9$ !SE PLACES1 Y\ W\LD DECL>E ! FRAUDS & P]JURIES Y\ HAD COMMITT$ TO GA9 !M8 & W\LD !N BECOME TRAITORS TO TYRANNY1 & FAI?FUL TO FRE$OM8 ,WAS IT BY SU* WAYS AS !SE1 ?AT Y\ PREP>$ ! HE>TS ( ! PEOPLE TO /& BY Y\ 9 ! GREAT /RUGGLES :I* Y\ SAW BE=E Y\8 ,OR DID Y\ NOT RA!R1 9 ! MID/ ( POV]TY2 ) FEEBLE MEANS ( COMMUNICATION & CONC]T2 & ) DUNGEONS & SCAFFOLDS BE=E Y\R EYES1 PROCLAIM1 ) ALL Y\R /R5G?1 ?AT TYRANNY1 9 ITS V]IE/ /RON<OLDS1 WAS BUT AN USURPATION8 CONFID5T 9 ! TRU?1 ?AT1 NEXT TO ! LAW ( NATURE1 ! CON/ITUTIONAL LAW ( Y\R C\NTRIES WAS ! /RONGE/ WEAPON Y\ C\LD USE 9 BEHALF ( LIB]TY8 & ?AT FRAUD1 & FALSEHOOD1 & P]JURY W]E 9/RUM5TS AS USELESS & SUICIDAL AS !Y W]E BASE8 

,TELL US1 ALSO1 >E ! M5 WE N[ HAVE AMONG US1 ! ,SEW>DS1 & ,*ASES1 & ,SUMN]S1 & ,GREELEYS1 & ,L9COLNS1 & ,HALES-->E !SE1 & SU* M5 AS !SE1 Y\R LEGITIMATE SUCCESSORS8 ,IF !Y >E1 :Y HAVE NOT MANK9D SPIT UPON Y\R MEMORIES8 
.<,BACK TO ,TABLE ( ,CONT5TS.> ,X,X,I,V4 

,IT IS ABUNDANTLY EVID5T1 FROM :AT HAS N[ BE5 SAID1 ?AT ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 0! SUPREME LAW ( ! L&10 MU/ NECESS>ILY FIX ! /ATUS ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 EI!R AS A FREE P]SON1 OR A SLAVE2 & ?AT IT MU/ DO ?IS1 0ANY ?+ 9 ! CON/ITUTION OR LAWS ( ANY ,/ATE TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+40 ,IT IS ALSO ABUNDANTLY EVID5T ?AT1 IF ANY P]SON BE MADE FREE BY ?AT SUPREME LAW1 HE IS FREE EV]Y:]E UND] ?AT LAW2 & ?AT1 IF ANY ONE BE MADE A SLAVE BY ?AT LAW1 !N1 CON/ITUTIONALLY SPEAK+1 HE IS A SLAVE EV]Y:]E UND] ?AT LAW2 & HIS [N] MAY C>RY HIM1 & HOLD HIM1 AS PROP]TY1 :]EV] HE PLEASES1 )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 FREE ( ALL RESPONSIBILITY TO ! CON/ITUTIONS OR LAWS ( ! ,/ATES4 

,IT IS ALSO EVID5T ?AT1 IF ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CON/ITUTION ITSELF MAKES A MAN SLAVE1 ! G5]AL GOV]NM5T1 NO MORE ?AN ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 CAN GIVE HIM HIS FRE$OM4 

,! REAL ISSUE1 !N1 BE=E ! C\NTRY1 IS1 :E!R SLAV]Y IS LAWFUL EV]Y:]E )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ) NO P[]1 EI!R 9 ! G5]AL OR ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 TO PROHIBIT IT1 )\T AN AM5DM5T TO ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES8 OR :E!R IT BE UNLAWFUL EV]Y:]E1 )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & IT BE ! DUTY ( BO? ! G5]AL & ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS TO PROHIBIT IT8 

,WE 5TREAT ALL1 :O ACT POLITICALLY UND] ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 TO KEEP ?IS ISSUE DI/9CTLY 9 VIEW1 & TO HOLD ALL M5 & ALL P>TIES /RICTLY TO IT2 & TO GIVE NO VOTE1 & NO WORD ( SYMPA?Y OR SUPPORT1 TO ANY MAN1 OR BODY ( M51 :O EI!R EVADE IT1 OR HESITATE1 OR EQUIVOCATE AB\T IT4 ,ABOVE ALL1 GIVE NO VOTE OR SUPPORT TO ?OSE PUBLIC M51 :O GIVE !IR RANT1 DECLAMATION1 & PRET5D$ MORAL S5TIM5TS TO LIB]TY1 &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 GIVE OV] TO SLAV]Y ! CON/ITUTION ( ! C\NTRY1 & !IR OA?S TO SUPPORT IT4 ,!SE M5 >E PRACTICALLY ! BE/ SUPPORT]S ( SLAV]Y !RE N[ >E 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,!Y DO IT A S]VICE1 :I* NO O!R M5 CAN4 ,FROM ! CONFID5CE REPOS$ 9 !IR PR(ESSIONS1 !Y HAVE P[] TO DECEIVE HONE/ M5 AS TO !IR RI<TS & DUTIES UND] ! CON/ITUTION1 & ?US HOLD !M BACK FROM ANY DIRECT ASSAULT1 POLITICAL OR O!RWISE4 ,& ?IS P[] !Y >E EX]T+ TO !IR UTMO/ = ! SECURITY ( SLAV]Y4 ,! OP5 FRI5DS ( SLAV]Y HAVE NE>LY OR QUITE LO/ ALL P[] ( ?IS K9D4 ,!Y HAVE ALSO DEPRIV$ !MSELVES ( NE>LY ALL MORAL SYMPA?Y & SUPPORT4 ,BY !IR 9DISCREET & HEAD-LONG ZEAL = SLAV]Y1 !Y LONG AGO DISGU/$ EV]YBODY BUT !MSELVES4 ,!Y HAVE N[ SUCCE$$ 9 DISGU/+ EV5 !MSELVES1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! NOR?4 ,!IR RANKS >E BROK51 !IR M9DS DISAFFECT$1 & BO? !IR MORAL & POLITICAL P[] 9 A GREAT MEASURE WA/$ AWAY4 ,%\LD ANY ONE ( ! FACTIONS1 9TO :I* !Y >E DIVID$1 SUCCE$ 9 FILL+ ! EXECUTIVE DEP>TM5T ( ! GOV]NM5T1 ?AT ACQUISITION WILL GIVE !M NO REAL P[] 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,!IR POSSESSION ( ?AT DEP>TM5T1 !RE=E1 IS NOT A ?+ TO BE DREAD$4 ,BETT]1 F> BETT]1 ?AT ! PRESID5CY %\LD BE 9 ! H&S ( AN OP51 BUT P[]LESS 5EMY ( LIB]TY1 ?AN 9 ?OSE ( A P[]FUL1 BUT FALSE1 P]JUR$1 & TRAITOR\S FRI5D4 

,WE1 !RE=E1 5TREAT ?AT ALL1 :O GIVE !IR VOTES AT ALL1 AT ! 5SU+ ELECTION1 WILL GIVE !M UNEQUIVOCALLY = FRE$OM4 ,IT WILL NOT BE NECESS>Y ?AT !Y %\LD WAIT =1 OR ?AT !RE %\LD BE1 ANY NATIONAL NOM9ATION ( C&IDATES4 ,IT WILL BE SUFFICI5T ?AT1 9 EA* ,/ATE1 ELECTORAL C&IDATES BE NAM$4 ,IF ANY ( !M %\LD BE *OS51 !Y CAN GIVE !IR VOTES 7AS ! CON/ITUTION CONTEMPLAT$ !Y W\LD GIVE !M71 = ! P]SONS !Y %ALL ?9K MO/ WOR?Y4 

,BUT IF1 AS IS V]Y LIKELY TO BE ! RESULT1 NO ONE ( !SE ELECTORAL C&IDATES %\LD BE *OS51 ! VOTES GIV5 = !M WILL NEV]!LESS NOT HAVE BE5 ?R[N AWAY4 ,! GREAT OBJECT IS TO PROCURE ! DEFEAT ( ! ,REPUBLICANS4 ,IF DEFEAT$ ON ! SIX? ( ,NOVEMB]1 ! FACTION ITSELF WILL BE EXT9CT ON ! SEV5?4 ,?OSE ( ITS MEMB]S :O 9T5D TO SUPPORT SLAV]Y1 WILL !N GO OV] OP5LY 9TO ITS RANKS2 :ILE ?OSE :O 9T5D TO SUPPORT LIB]TY1 WILL COME UNMI/AKABLY TO H] SIDE4 ,%E WILL !N KN[ H] FRI5DS FROM H] FOES4 ,& !NCE=? ! ISSUE WILL BE DI/9CTLY MADE UP1 :E!R ?IS BE1 OR BE NOT1 A FREE C\NTRY = ALL8 ,& ?IS ONE ISSUE WILL HOLD ITS PLACE BE=E ! C\NTRY1 UNTIL IT %ALL BE DECID$ 9 FAVOR ( FRE$OM4 

.<"9 .> 0,! ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES %ALL BE COMPOS$ ( MEMB]S1 *OS5 EV]Y SECOND YE> BY ! PEOPLE ( ! SEV]AL ,/ATES2 & ! ELECTORS 9 EA* ,/ATE %ALL HAVE ! REQUISITE QUALIFICATIONS = ELECTORS ( ! MO/ NUM]\S BRAN* ( ! ,/ATE LEGISLATURE40--,>T4 ,I41 SEC4 #b4 

.<"9 .> ,IF1 9/EAD ( GO+ TO ! RESCUE ( A FELL[-CITIZ51 :OM WE SEE SET UPON BY A ROBB]1 RAVI%]1 KIDNAPP]1 OR MURD]]1 WE CONNIVE AT ! CRIME1 EI!R BY DECL>+ ! ACT LEGAL1 OR 5C\RAG+ ! IDEA ?AT IT CAN BE COMMITT$ ) IMPUNITY1 WE !REBY MAKE \RSELVES ACCOMPLICES 9 ! CRIME4 ,BY ?IS RULE1 IF ! P]SONS 5SLAV$ 9 ?IS C\NTRY >E1 9 ! VIEW ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,CON/ITUTION1 CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 EQUALLY ) ! O!R CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & WE NEV]!LESS CONNIVE AT & 5C\RAGE !IR 5SLAVEM5T1 EI!R BY DECL>+ IT LEGAL1 OR BY HOLD+ \T ! HOPE ?AT IT CAN BE DONE ) IMPUNITY1 WE >E1 NOT M]ELY 9 ! VIEW ( ! MORAL LAW1 BUT 9 ! VIEW ( ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 CRIM9AL ACCOMPLICES 9 !IR 5SLAVEM5T4 

.<"9 .> ,?IS BE+ A CASE1 9 :I* A ,/ATE WAS A P>TY1 IT WAS TRI$ BY JURY 9 ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,FROM ! PRELIM9>Y REM>KS ( ! ,*IEF-,JU/ICE1 IT WILL BE SE5 ?AT ! JUDGES W]E UNANIM\S 9 ! OP9ION GIV54 ,HE SAID3 

0,IT IS =TUNATE ON ! PRES5T1 AS IT MU/ BE ON EV]Y OCCASION1 TO F9D ! OP9ION ( ! C\RT UNANIM\S4 ,WE 5T]TA9 NO DIV]SITY ( S5TIM5T2 & WE HAVE EXP]I5C$ NO DIFFICULTY 9 UNIT+ 9 ! *>GE1 :I* IT IS MY PROV9CE TO DELIV]4 4 4 4 4 

0,IT MAY NOT BE AMISS H]E1 G5TLEM51 TO REM9D Y\ ( ! GOOD OLD RULE1 ?AT ON QUE/IONS ( FACT1 IT IS PROV9CE ( ! JURY1 ON QUE/IONS ( LAW1 IT IS ! PROV9CE ( ! C\RT1 TO DECIDE4 ,BUT IT MU/ BE OBS]V$ ?AT BY ! SAME LAW1 :I* RECOGNIZES ?IS REASONABLE DI/RIBUTION ( JURISDICTION1 Y\ HAVE NEV]!LESS A RI<T TO TAKE UPON Y\RSELVES TO JUDGE ( BO?1 & TO DET]M9E ! LAW1 AS WELL AS ! FACT1 9 CONTROV]SY4 ,ON ?IS1 & ON EV]Y O!R OCCASION1 H[EV]1 WE HAVE NO D\BT Y\ WILL PAY ?AT RESPECT :I* IS DUE TO ! OP9ION ( ! C\RT2 =1 AS ON ! ONE H&1 IT IS PRESUM$ ?AT JURIES >E ! BE/ JUDGES ( FACTS1 IT IS1 ON ! O!R H&1 PRESUMABLE ?AT ! C\RT >E ! BE/ JUDGES ( LAW4 ,BUT /ILL BO? OBJECTS >E LAWFULLY )9 Y\R P[] ( DECISION40 7,/ATE ( ,GEORGIA1 VS4 ,BRAILS=D2 ,I,I,I4 ,DALLAS1 ,REP4 #a47 

,?IS WAS 9 ! YE> #a#g#i#d4 

.<"9 .> ,?IS QUE/ION ( ! P[] ( CONGRESS TO GOV]N C\NTRIES \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 HAS BE5 TWICE BE=E ! SUPREME C\RT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,9 BO? CASES1 AL?\< ! C\RT DECL>$ ?AT 0! POSSESSION ( ! P[] WAS UNQUE/ION$10 !IR EF=TS TO %[ 9 :AT P>T ( ! CON/ITUTION ! P[] WAS TO BE F\ND1 SEEM$ TO BE V]Y UNSATISFACTORY1 EV5 TO !MSELVES4 

,9 ! FIR/ CASE1 ! C\RT SAID3-- 

0,9 ! MEANTIME1 ,FLORIDA CONT9UES TO BE A T]RITORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 GOV]N$ BY VIRTUE ( ?AT CLAUSE 9 ! CON/ITUTION1 :I* EMP[]S CONGRESS 'TO MAKE ALL NE$FUL RULES & REGULATIONS RESPECT+ ! T]RITORY1 OR O!R PROP]TY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4' 

0,P]HAPS ! P[] ( GOV]N+ A T]RITORY BELONG+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :I* HAS NOT1 BY BECOM+ A ,/ATE1 ACQUIR$ ! MEANS ( SELF-GOV]NM5T1 MAY RESULT NECESS>ILY FROM ! FACTS1 ?AT IT IS NOT )9 ! JURISDICTION ( ANY P>TICUL> ,/ATE1 & IS )9 ! P[] & JURISDICTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! RI<T TO GOV]N1 MAY BE ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( ! RI<T TO ACQUIRE1 T]RITORY4 ,:I*EV] MAY BE ! S\RCE :5CE ! P[] IS D]IV$1 ! POSSESSION ( IT IS UNQUE/ION$40 7,AM4 ,9S4 ,CO4 VS4 ,CANT]2 ,I4 ,PET]S1 #e#d#b47 

,H]E ?REE POSSIBLE S\RCES ( ! P[] >E SUGGE/$2 BUT :I* ONE ( ! ?REE IS ! TRUE S\RCE1 ! C\RT SEEM :OLLY UNABLE TO DECIDE4 ,IT W\LD SEEM TO HAVE BE5 MU* MORE 9 KEEP+ ) JUDICIAL PROPRIETY & 9TEGRITY1 TO HAVE DEF9ITELY DET]M9$ ! S\RCE ( ! P[]1 BE=E DECL>+ ?AT 0:I*EV] MAY BE ! S\RCE :5CE ! P[] IS D]IV$1 ! POSSESSION ( IT IS UNQUE/ION$40 ,H[ ! C\RT CAN SAY ?AT 0! POSSESSION ( A P[] IS UNQUE/ION$10 SO LONG AS !Y >E UNABLE TO DET]M9E 9 :AT P>T ( ! CON/ITUTION ! P[] IS TO BE F\ND1 IS1 TO SAY ! LEA/ ( IT1 V]Y MY/]I\S4 ,NO?+1 EVID5TLY1 %ORT ( ?AT 9FALLIBLE DISC]NM5T1 :I* SUPREME C\RTS ASSUME TO POSSESS1 C\LD AU?ORIZE !M TO AFFIRM ?US POSITIVELY ! EXI/5CE ( A P[]1 ! S\RCE ( :I* !Y C\LD NOT DISCOV]4 

,WE ASSUME ?AT IT HAS ALREADY BE5 %[N ?AT ! FIR/ ( !SE SUGGE/IONS1 VIZ41 ?AT ! P[] TO GOV]N T]RITORY1 \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IS 9CLUD$ 9 0! P[] TO DISPOSE (1 & MAKE ALL NE$FUL RULES & REGULATIONS RESPECT+ ! T]RITORY1 OR O!R PROP]TY BELONG+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES10 IS :OLLY UNF\ND$4 

,! SECOND SUGGE/ION1 VIZ41 ?AT ! P[] 0MAY RESULT NECESS>ILY FROM ! FACTS ?AT ! T]RITORY IS NOT )9 ! JURISDICTION ( ANY P>TICUL> ,/ATE1 & IS )9 ! P[] & JURISDICTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES10 ASSUMES ! :OLE PO9T 9 DISPUTE1 :I* IS--:E!R T]RITORY & PEOPLE1 \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 >E 0)9 ! P[] & JURISDICTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES40 

,! ?IRD SUGGE/ION1 VIZ41 ?AT 0! RI<T TO GOV]N1 MAY BE ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( ! RI<T TO ACQUIRE1 T]RITORY10 AGA9 ASSUMES ! :OLE PO9T 9 DISPUTE1 :I* IS--:E!R ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAVE ! RI<T TO ACQUIRE--?AT IS1 TO PUR*ASE--T]RITORY & PEOPLES \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,IT IS PLA9LY AGA9/ ! LAW ( NATURE1 & !RE=E IMPOSSIBLE1 = GOV]NM5TS TO ACQUIRE ANY RI<TFUL [N]%IP ( WILD]NESS L&S1 & )HOLD !M FROM1 OR DEM& A PRICE = !M (1 ?OSE P]SONS1 :O WI% TO TAKE ACTUAL POSSESSION ( !M1 & CULTIVATE !M4 ,AS IT IS IMPOSSIBLE = ANY NATION TO HAVE ANY RI<TFUL PROP]TY 9 WILD L&S1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE = ONE NATION TO CONVEY ANY SU* [N]%IP TO ANO!R4 ,IT IS1 !RE=E1 IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAN 0ACQUIRE0--?AT IS1 PUR*ASE--ANY SU* [N]%IP4 

,IT IS ALSO AGA9/ NATURE1 & !RE=E IMPOSSIBLE1 ?AT ANY GOV]NM5T %\LD [N ITS PEOPLE1 AS PROP]TY1 & HAVE ! RI<T TO DISPOSE ( !M1 AS PROP]TY4 ,IT IS1 !RE=E1 IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAN 0ACQUIRE10 BY TREATY1 ANY [N]%IP ( PEOPLE \TSIDE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 OR CONSEQU5TLY ANY RI<T TO GOV]N !M4 

,9 ! CASE ( ,DR$ ,SCOTT1 ! SAME QUE/ION CAME AGA9 BE=E ! C\RT4 ,& ! C\RT 7#a#i ,H[>D1 #d#d#c7 CIT$ & ADOPT$ ! OP9ION PREVI\SLY GIV51 VIZ41 ?AT 0:I*EV] MAY BE ! S\RCE :5CE ! P[] IS D]IV$1 ! POSSESSION ( IT IS UNQUE/ION$40 ,BUT !Y (F]$ NO NEW >GUM5T 9 ITS SUPPORT1 EXCEPT ! 9TIMATION 7P4 #d#d#g7 ?AT ! P[] TO ADMIT NEW ,/ATES 9TO ! ,UNION MI<T 0AU?ORIZE ! ACQUISITION ( T]RITORY1 NOT FIT = ADMISSION AT ! TIME1 BUT TO BE ADMITT$ AS SOON AS ITS POPULATION & SITUATION 5TITLE IT TO ADMISSION40 

,BUT !RE W\LD BE JU/ AS MU* REASON 9 SAY+ ?AT1 BECAUSE ,A HAS ! RI<T TO ADMIT ,B AS A P>TN] 9 BUS9ESS1 !RE=E HE HAS A RI<T TO BUY HIM1 & HOLD HIM AS A SLAVE1 UNTIL HE IS FIT TO BE ADMITT$ AS A P>TN]4 

,! C\RT CONFESS 7P4 #d#d#f7 ?AT-- 

0,!RE IS C]TA9LY NO P[] GIV5 BY ! CON/ITUTION TO ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T TO E/ABLI% OR MA9TA9 COLONIES1 BORD]+ ON ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 OR AT A DI/ANCE1 TO BE RUL$ & GOV]N$ AT ITS [N PLEASURE2 NOR TO 5L>GE ITS [N T]RITORIAL LIMITS 9 ANY WAY1 EXCEPT BY ! ADMISSION ( NEW ,/ATES4 4 4 4 ,NO P[] IS GIV5 TO ACQUIRE A T]RITORY TO BE HELD & GOV]N$ P]MAN5TLY 9 ?AT *>ACT]40 

,BUT !Y SAY 7P4 #d#d#g7 ?AT-- 

0,IT .<! T]RITORY.> IS ACQUIR$ TO BECOME A ,/ATE1 & NOT TO BE HELD AS A COLONY1 & GOV]N$ BY CONGRESS ) ABSOLUTE AU?ORITY2 & AS ! PROPRIETY ( ADMITT+ A NEW ,/ATE IS COMMITT$ TO ! S\ND DISCRETION ( CONGRESS1 ! P[] TO ACQUIRE T]RITORY = ?AT PURPOSE1 TO BE HELD BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES UNTIL IT IS 9 A SUITABLE CONDITION TO BECOME A ,/ATE1 UPON AN EQUAL FOOT+ ) ! O!R ,/ATES1 MU/ RE/ UPON ! SAME DISCRETION4 ,IT IS A QUE/ION = ! POLITICAL DEP>TM5T ( ! GOV]NM5T1 & NOT = ! JUDICIAL2 & :ATEV] ! POLITICAL DEP>TM5T ( ! GOV]NM5T %ALL RECOGNIZE AS )9 ! LIMITS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! JUDICIAL DEP>TM5T IS ALSO B\ND TO RECOGNIZE1 & TO ADM9I/] 9 IT ! LAWS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES10 @&C4 @&C4 

,?IS PRET5SE ( ! C\RT1 ?AT AL?\< ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAVE NO P[] TO BUY T]RITORY1 & GOV]N IT AS A COLONY = EV]1 !Y NEV]!LESS HAVE A RI<T TO BUY IT & GOV]N IT AS A COLONY1 UNTIL CONGRESS1 9 ! EX]CISE ( ITS DISCRETION1 %ALL SEE FIT TO ADMIT IT AS A ,/ATE1 IS AN 5TIRE FABRICATION & FRAUD4 ,!RE IS NO?+ :ATEV]1 9 ! CON/ITUTION1 ?AT REQUIRES CONGRESS EV] TO ADMIT A T]RITORY AS A ,/ATE4 ,& IF CONGRESS HAVE AU?ORITY TO BUY T]RITORY1 & GOV]N IT AS A COLONY AT ALL1 !Y HAVE A RI<T TO HOLD IT1 & GOV]N IT AS A COLONY = EV]4 

,! TRU? IS1 ?AT ALL \R CON/ITUTIONAL LAW ON ?IS SUBJECT--?AT IS TO SAY1 ALL ! CON/ITUTIONAL LAW ?AT HAS BE5 PRACTICALLY ACT$ UPON BY CONGRESS--9/EAD ( BE+ F\ND 9 \R [N CON/ITUTION1 IS F\ND ONLY :]E NE>LY ALL ! RE/ ( \R CON/ITUTIONAL LAW IS F\ND1 VIZ41 9 ! TYRANNICAL PRACTICES ( O!R GOV]NM5TS2 & ESPECIALLY 9 ! TYRANNICAL PRACTICES ( ! ,5GLI% ,GOV]NM5T4 ,BECAUSE O!R GOV]NM5TS USURP ! [N]%IP ( WILD L&S1 & DEM& A PRICE = !M1 \R GOV]NM5T DOES ! SAME4 ,BECAUSE O!R GOV]NM5TS HAVE COLONIES1 & GOV]N !M AGA9/ !IR WILL1 \R GOV]NM5T USURPS AU?ORITY TO DO ! SAME4 ,& BECAUSE O!R NATIONS CLAIM TO [N !IR COLONIES AS PROP]TY1 & ASSUME TO SELL !M AS SU*1 \R GOV]NM5T CLAIMS ! RI<T TO BUY ANY ?AT MAY BE 9 ! M>KET4 ,:51 9 TRU?1 IT HAS NO MORE RI<T TO BUY ! PEOPLE ( O!R NATIONS1 ?AN TO SELL ?OSE ( \R [N4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahei 3 ,ADDRESS ( ! ,FREE ,CON/ITUTIONALI/S TO ! ,PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bag 3 ,ADDRESS ( ! ,FREE ,CON/ITUTIONALI/S TO ! ,PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,ADDRESS ( ! ,FREE ,CON/ITUTIONALI/S TO ! ,PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES -- ,UPDAT$4 

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