,A ,QUE/ION ( ,TACTICS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

7#f ,JULY #a#h#i#i7 

,ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$3 ,LEIPZIG] ,VOLKSZEITUNG1 #f ,JULY #a#h#i#i4 
,G]MAN ,V]SION3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 ,E9E TAKTIS*E ,FRAGE1 ,GESAMMELTE ,W]KE1 ,VOL4 #a4#a1 ,S4 #d#h#c-#d#h#f4 
,FR5* ,V]SION3 ,UNE QUE/ION DE TACTIQUE4 
,TRANSLATION FROM ,FR5*3 ,ADAM ,BUICK4 
,M>KUP3 ,E9DE ,O',CALLA<AN = ! ,M>XI/S' ,9T]NET ,>*IVE4 

,! 5TRY ( ,MILL]& 9TO ! ,WALDECK-,R\SSEAU CAB9ET M]ITS /UDY FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( TACTICS & PR9CIPLES BY =EIGN AS WELL AS ,FR5* SOCIALI/S4 ,! ACTIVE P>TICIPATION ( SOCIALI/S 9 A B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T IS1 9 ANY EV5T1 A PH5OM5ON ?AT GOES BEYOND ! FRAMEWORK ( ! USUAL ACTIVITY ( SOCIALISM4 ,IS IT A QUE/ION ( A =M ( ACTIVITY ?AT IS AS JU/IFI$ & OPPORTUNE = ! PROLET>IAT AS1 = 9/ANCE1 ACTIVITY 9 P>LIAM5T OR A MUNICIPAL C\NCIL1 OR IS IT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 A BREAK ) ! PR9CIPLES & TACTICS ( SOCIALISM8 ,OR AGA91 IS ! P>TICIPATION ( SOCIALI/S 9 A B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T AN EXCEPTIONAL CASE ONLY1 ADMISSIBLE & NECESS>Y UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES1 & TO BE CONDEMN$ & EV5 H>MFUL 9 O!RS8 

,FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! OPPORTUNI/ CONCEPTION ( SOCIALISM SU* AS IT HAS MANIFE/$ ITSELF REC5TLY 9 \R P>TY & P>TICUL>LY 9 ! !ORIES ( ,B]N/E9 - I4E41 FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! PROGRESSIVE 9TRODUCTION ( SOCIALISM 9TO B\RGEOIS SOCIETY - ! 5TRY ( SOCIALI/ ELEM5TS 9TO ! GOV]NM5T MU/ APPE> AS DESIRABLE AS IT IS NATURAL4 ,IF IT IS POSSIBLE TO 9FILTRATE SOCIALISM LITTLE BY LITTLE & 9 SMALL DOSES 9TO CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 & IF ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATE CAN IMP]CEPTIBLY *ANGE ITSELF 9TO A SOCIALI/ ,/ATE1 !N ! PIECEMEAL ADMISSION ( SOCIALI/S 9TO ! GOV]NM5T W\LD BE ! NORMAL CONSEQU5CE ( ! PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPM5T ( ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATE2 :I* CORRESPONDS COMPLETELY ) !IR CLAIM$ EVOLUTION T[>DS A SOCIALI/ MAJORITY1 9 LEGISLATIVE BODIES4 

,:ILE ! M9I/]IAL P>TICIPATION ( ,MILL]& ?US CON=MS TO OPPORTUNI/ !ORY IT IS NO LESS 9 ACCORDANCE ) OPPORTUNI/ PRACTICE4 ,GIV5 ?AT ! OBTA9+ ( IMM$IATE & TANGIBLE GA9S1 NO MATT] BY :AT MEANS1 IS ! MA9 ORI5TATION ( ?IS PRACTICE1 ! 5TRY ( A SOCIALI/ 9TO A B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T MU/ APPE> TO ! 0PRACTICAL POLITICIANS0 AS AN 9E/IMABLE SUCCESS4 ,:AT WILL A SOCIALI/ M9I/] NOT BE ABLE TO A*IEVE 9 T]MS ( LITTLE IMPROVEM5TS1 PALLIATIVES & SOCIAL PAT*+-UP6 

,! QUE/ION IS POS$ DIFF]5TLY IF1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 Y\ />T FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ?AT Y\ CAN ONLY CONSID] 9TRODUC+ SOCIALISM AFT] ! RU9 ( ! CAPITALI/ ORD] & ?AT AT PRES5T SOCIALI/ ACTIVITY BOILS D[N TO ! OBJECTIVE & SUBJECTIVE PREP>ATION ( ?IS MOM5T BY MEANS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,C]TA9LY1 IT IS CLE> ?AT ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY1 IF IT WANTS TO ACT EFFECTIVELY1 MU/ OCCUPY ALL ! POSITIONS 9 ! PRES5T ,/ATE ?AT >E ACCESSIBLE1 & GA9 T]RITORY EV]Y:]E4 ,BUT ON ONE CONDITION3 ?AT !SE POSITIONS MU/ ALL[ ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE & ITS ,/ATE1 TO BE WAG$4 

,BUT1 9 ?IS RESPECT1 !RE IS AN ESS5TIAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 LEGISLATIVE BODIES & ! GOV]NM5T ( A B\RGEOIS ,/ATE4 ,9 P>LIAM5TS1 :5 ! ELECT$ REPRES5TATIVES ( ! WORK+ CLASS CAN NOT W9 !IR DEM&S1 !Y CAN AT LEA/ CONT9UE ! /RUGGLE1 MA9TA9+ AN OPPOSITIONAL ATTITUDE4 ,! GOV]NM5T1 ON ! O!R H&1 :I* HAS = TASK C>RY+ \T ! LAWS1 HAS NO PLACE 9 ITS SPH]E ( ACTIVITY = AN OPPOSITION ON PR9CIPLE2 IT MU/ BE ACTIVE CON/ANTLY1 & ?R\< EA* ( ITS ORGANS4 ,IT MU/1 CONSEQU5TLY1 EV5 :5 IT IS COMPOS$ ( REPRES5TATIVES ( DIFF]5T P>TIES1 AS >E ! COALITION M9I/RIES 9 ,FRANCE ( REC5T YE>S1 CON/ANTLY HAVE A BASIS 9 COMMON PR9CIPLES :I* ALL[ IT TO ACT1 I4E41 ! BASIS ( ! PRES5T ORD]1 9 O!R WORDS1 ?AT ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,! MO/ EXTREME REPRES5TATIVE ( B\RGEOIS RADICALISM CAN 9 G5]AL GOV]N ALONGSIDE ! MO/ BACKW>D CONS]VATIVE4 ,:OEV] POSITIONS HIMSELF AS AN ADV]S>Y ( ! PRES5T ORD]1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 FACES ! FOLL[+ ALT]NATIVE3 EI!R C>RY ON A CEASELESS OPPOSITION TO ! B\RGEOIS MAJORITY 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 I4E4 NOT BE 9 FACT AN ACTIVE MEMB] ( ?IS GOV]NM5T1 :I* IS EVID5TLY AN UNT5ABLE /ATE ( AFFAIRS :I* MU/ 9EVITABLY LEAD TO ! EJECTION FROM ! GOV]NM5T ( ! SOCIALI/ M9I/]4 ,OR1 COLLABORATE1 C>RY \T DAILY ! FUNCTIONS NE$$ = ! CONS]VATION & SMOO? RUNN+ ( ! ,/ATE MA*9E DEM& AT ANY MOM5T1 I4E41 TO NOT BE A SOCIALI/ 9 FACT1 AT LEA/ NOT )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( HIS GOV]NM5TAL FUNCTIONS4 

,C]TA9LY1 ! PROGRAM ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY CONTA9S MANY DEM&S :I* C\LD - 9 !ORY - BE ACCEPT$ BY A B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T & P>LIAM5T4 ,IT CAN ?US AT FIR/ SI<T BE IMAG9$ ?AT A SOCIALI/ C\LD1 9 GOV]NM5T AS WELL AS 9 P>LIAM5T1 S]VE ! CAUSE ( ! PROLET>IAT BY /RIV+ TO EXTRACT 9 !IR FAVOR ALL ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO OBTA9 9 ! FIELD ( SOCIAL RE=MS4 ,BUT1 H]E AGA91 APPE>S A FACT :I* ! POLICY ( OPPORTUNISM ALWAYS =GETS1 ?AT 9 ! /RUGGLE :I* ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY C>RIES ON1 IT IS NOT :AT BUT H[ ?AT IS IMPORTANT4 ,:5 ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRAT REPRES5TATIVES 9 LEGISLATIVE BODIES SEEK TO A*IEVE SOCIAL RE=MS !Y HAVE ! FULL POSSIBILITY BY !IR OPPOSITION AT ! SAME TIME TO B\RGEOIS LEGISLATION & GOV]NM5T AS A :OLE - :I* F9DS ITS CLE> EXPRESSION1 = EXAMPLE1 9 ! REJECTION ( ! BUDGET - TO GIVE TO !IR /RUGGLE = B\RGEOIS RE=MS EQUALLY A SOCIALI/ & PR9CIPL$ *>ACT]1 ?AT ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,BY CONTRA/1 A ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRAT :O S\<T TO 9TRODUCE ! SAME SOCIAL RE=MS AS A MEMB] ( ! GOV]NM5T1 I4E4 9 AT ! SAME TIME SUPPORT+ ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE1 9 FACT R$UCES HIS SOCIALISM 7AT ! V]Y BE/7 TO A B\RGEOIS DEMOCRATISM OR TO A B\RGEOIS WORK]S' POLICY4 ,?US1 :ILE ! PROGRESS ( ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY 9 REPRES5TATIVE ASSEMBLIES LEADS TO ! /R5G!N+ ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 !IR P5ETRATION 9TO ! GOV]NM5T CAN1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ONLY BR+ CORRUPTION & TR\BLE TO ! RANKS ( ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY4 ,! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 IF !Y >E NOT TO D5Y !IR RAISON D'ETRE1 CAN ONLY 5T] ! B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T 9 A S+LE CASE3 TO SEIZE CONTROL ( IT & TRANS=M IT 9TO ! GOV]NM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9 CONTROL ( POLITICAL P[]4 

,NO D\BT 9 ! EVOLUTION1 OR RA!R 9 ! DECL9E ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 MOM5TS C\LD OCCUR :5 ! F9AL CAPTURE ( P[] BY ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PROLET>IAT IS NOT YET BE POSSIBLE BUT :5 !IR P>TICIPATION 9 ! GOV]NM5T APPE>S NECESS>Y3 IF IT W]E TO BE A QUE/ION1 = EXAMPLE1 ( ! FRE$OM ( ! C\NTRY OR ( DEMOCRATIC CONQUE/S SU* AS ! ,REPUBLIC1 AT A MOM5T :5 ! B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T W\LD BE PRECISELY TOO COMPROMIS$ & ALREADY TOO DISORGANIZ$ TO GET ! PEOPLE TO FOLL[ IT )\T ! SUPPORT ( ! WORK]S' MEMB]S ( P>LIAM5T4 ,9 SU* A CASE ( C\RSE ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE W\LD NOT HAVE ! RI<T1 FROM AN AB/RACT LOVE ( PR9CIPLES1 TO REFUSE TO DEF5D ! COMMON CAUSE4 ,BUT1 EV5 9 ?IS CASE1 ! P>TICIPATION ( ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS 9 GOV]NM5T W\LD HAVE TO BE PRACTIC$ 9 =MS ?AT LEFT NEI!R ! B\RGEOISIE NOR ! PEOPLE 9 ! LEA/ D\BT AS TO ! TEMPOR>Y *>ACT] & ! LIMIT$ OBJECTIVE ( !IR ACTION4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! P>TICIPATION ( SOCIALI/S 9 GOV]NM5T %\LD NOT1 EV5 !N1 GO SO F> AS G5]AL SOLID>ITY ) ! ACTIVITY & EXI/5CE ( ?IS GOV]NM5T4 ,IT DOES NOT SEEM ?AT PRECISELY SU* A SITUATION HAS OCCURR$ AT ! PRES5T MOM5T 9 ,FRANCE4 ,! SOCIALI/ P>TIES HAD ALREADY DECL>$ !MSELVES FROM ! />T READY TO SUPPORT ANY S9C]ELY REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT TODAY1 S9CE ! 5TRY ( ,MILL]& 9TO ! M9I/RY1 :I* 9 ANY CASE OCCURR$ )\T ! ASS5T ( HIS COLLEAGUES1 GIV+ SU* SUPPORT N[ P>TLY FRI<T5S ! SOCIALI/S4 

,:ATEV] ! CASE1 = US IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( JUDG+ :E!R ! ,WALDECK-,R\SSEAU CAB9ET IS A SPECIAL CASE1 BUT TO D$UCE FROM \R BASIC PR9CIPLES A G5]AL L9E ( CONDUCT4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 SOCIALI/ P>TICIPATION 9 A B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T APPE>S TO BE AN EXP]IM5T :I* CAN ONLY 5D 9 GREAT H>M TO ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,! ROLE ( ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY1 9 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 IS ESS5TIALLY ?AT ( AN OPPOSITION P>TY4 ,IT CAN ONLY 5T] ON SC5E AS A GOV]NM5T P>TY ON ! RU9S ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,A ,QUE/ION ( ,TACTICS -- ,UPDAT$4 

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