,A ,HI/ORICAL ,BACKGR\ND TO ! ,BULG>IAN ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,NICK ,HEA? ,TEXT 3 ,! ,BULG>IAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAS PRODUC$ MANY H]OIC FIGURES1 NOT LEA/ ,ALEX&] ,NAKOV HIMSELF1 BUT !RE W]E MANY O!RS4 ,GEORGI ,%EYTANOV #a COMES TO M9D1 AS DO ,DIMIT> ,BALKHOV1 ,/ANKO ,P>ASKOV & A HO/ ( O!RS4 ,GEORGI ,BALKANSKI 7REAL NAME ,GRIGORIEV71 :O BECAME ! HI/ORIAN ( ! MOVEM5T & HELP$ PUBLICIZE IT 9 ! ,WE/1 WAS HIMSELF AN EXCEPTIONAL ACTIVI/ )9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,HRI/O ,BOTEV1 ELEVAT$ TO ! /ATURE ( ',NATIONAL ,POET' BY ! ,/AL9I/ REGIME & /ILL HELD 9 GREAT E/EEM 9 ,BULG>IA1 WAS TO FALL UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/ ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 & WAS PROBABLY ! FIR/ TO 9TRODUCE AN>*I/ IDEAS 9TO ,BULG>IA ) HIS DI/RIBUTION ( ,BAKUN9'S ,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y !RE4 ,HE F\ND$ ! FIR/ ,BULG>IAN LIB]T>IAN GR\P AT ,BRAILA1 ACROSS ! BORD] 9 ,ROMANIA4 ,9 ! DECADES TO COME & AFT] ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,BULG>IA FROM ! ,OTTOMAN ,EMPIRE WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 #a#h#g#g1 SOCIALI/ & LIB]T>IAN PROPAG&A BEGAN TO BE SPREAD )9 ! C\NTRY4 ,SPIRO ,GULAPT*EV E/ABLI%$ ! FIR/ SOCIALI/ PUBLI%+ H\SE1 ,SKOROPET*ATNITSA 7,RAPID ,PR9T+7 AT ,RUSE4 ,MO/ ( ! CONTRIBUTORS W]E AN>*I/S1 ) A NUMB] ( ,M>XI/ WRIT]S ALSO CONTRIBUT+4 ,AMONG ! LIB]T>IAN CONTRIBUTORS W]E ,NICOLAI ,/O9OV1 ,V>BAN ,KILIF>SKI & ,P>ASKEV ,/OYANOV 7! F\ND] ( SURG]Y 9 ,BULG>IA74 ,/O9OV & ,KILIF>SKI HELP$ =M ! FIR/ PEASANT UNIONS 9 ,BULG>IA & ,/O9OV ALSO P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! F\ND+ ( ! ,UNION ( ,TEA*]S1 ! FIR/ UNION 9 ,BULG>IA 9 ,JULY #a#h#i#e4 ,KILIF>SKI & ,/O9OV F\ND$ ! ,BEZVLA/IE 7,ACRACIA -- NO RULE7 PUBLI%+ H\SE 9 #aih :I* PUBLI%$ ALL ! ESS5TIAL TEXTS ( AN>*ISM4 ,?IS ALL[$ ! GREAT] SPREAD ( LIB]T>IAN IDEAS SO ?AT BY #a#i#a1 !RE WAS ALREADY TALK ( AN AN>*I/ F$]ATION TO COORD9ATE ! ACTIVITIES ( LOCAL GR\PS4 ,MIKHAIL ,GU]DJIKOV F\ND$ ! PAP] ,PROBUDA 7,AWAK5+7 9 #aiab ) ! AIM ( ORGANIZ+ ! NASC5T MOVEM5T4 ,TWO YE>S LAT]1 O!R AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS APPE>$3 ! PAP] ,RABOTNIK*ESKA ,MISSAL 7,WORK]S' ,?\*O-SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T ) A PROGRAM & AIMS & PR9CIPLES & SET UP A PUBLI%+ H\SE ( ! SAME NAME4 ,! W>S 9 ! ,BALKANS & ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> BR\*I/ PUBLI%+ ACTIVITY TO A HALT4 ,H[EV]1 ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE REFUS+ MILIT>Y S]VICE GREW CONSID]ABLY4 ,?IS P]IOD WAS *>ACT]IZ$ BY BOLD ACTS ( >M$ /RUGGLE BY SOME AN>*I/S1 EPITOMIZ$ BY ! DA%+ & ROMANTIC REVOLUTION>Y1 ,GEORGI ,%EYTANOV4 ,!Y PROV$ TO BE A S]I\S ?REAT TO ! ,/ATE4 ,! AM\NT ( PROPAG&A 9CREAS$ 9 VOLUME4 ,IT WAS 9DICATIVE ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! MOVEM5T ?AT ,%EYTANOV TURN$ AWAY FROM >M$ ACTION T[>DS ! BUILD+ ( A MASS MOVEM5T4 ,RABOTNI*ESKA ,MISSAL REAPPE>$ 9 #aiai & TOOK ! 9ITIATIVE TO CALL = ! F\ND+ CONF]5CE ( AN AN>*I/ F$]ATION4 ,?IS TOOK PLACE 9 ,S(IA BETWE5 #a#e? & #a#g? ,JUNE :]E MORE ?AN #ae DELEGATES FROM DIFF]5T T[NS & VILLAGES ATT5D$4 ,! CONGRESS DECID$ TO E/ABLI% ,! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION ( ,BULG>IA 7,F,A,C,B74 ,A L>GE NUMB] ( GR\PS W]E N[ =M$ 9 NE>LY ALL T[NS & ! BIGGE/ VILLAGES4 ,! MOVEM5T ATTRACT$ WORK]S1 /UD5TS & HI< S*OOL /UD5TS1 AS WELL AS TEA*]S1 :ITE COLL> WORK]S & V>I\S PR(ESSIONALS4 ,MANY CONF]5CES & MEET+S TOOK PLACE & ,PROBUDA BECAME ! (FICIAL ORGAN ( ! ,F,A,C,B4 ,:5 IT WAS CLOS$ D[N BY ! AU?ORITIES1 UND]GR\ND & O!R /ILL LEGALLY PUBLI%$ PAP]S TOOK ITS PLACE4 ,! NEXT ?REE CONF]5CES ( ! ,F,A,C,B TOOK PLACE 9 SECRET4 ,F9ALLY A LEGAL CONF]5CE TOOK PLACE AT ,YAMBOL 9 #a#i#b#c1 ATT5D$ BY #ad DELEGATES & #ce OBS]V]S REPRES5T+ #hi LOCAL GR\P+S4 ,! CONF]5CE REPORT$ ?AT ,RABOTNI*ESKA ,MISSAL HAD A PR9T RUN ( #g1#e COPIES1 DI/RIBUT$ 9 #ad LOCALITIES4 ,!RE W]E F\R PUBLI%+ H\SES & #af PAMPHLETS HAD BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 ?IS P]IOD4 ,! CONF]5CE ATTRACT$ ! ATT5TION ( ! AU?ORITIES & SUBSEQU5T REPRESSION1 RESULT+ 9 ! MURD] ( #c AN>*I/S BY ! AU?ORITIES ON #b#f? ,M>* #aibc & A SUBSEQU5T MILIT>Y C\P ON #i? ,JUNE4 ,SUBSEQU5T RIS+S 9 ,SEPTEMB] W]E BLOODILY PUT D[N4 ,! E/ABLI%M5T ( A REPRESSIVE REGIME ) ! ,K+ AT ITS HEAD L$ EV5TUALLY 9 #aibf TO ! SETT+ UP ( A 'DEMOCRATIC' GOV]NM5T1 :I* GAVE ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T A LITTLE LEEWAY & ALL[$ = ! PUBLICATION ( SEV]AL PAP]S & MAGAZ9ES4 ,H[EV]1 ! MOVEM5T AS A :OLE /ILL HAD TO EXI/ UND]GR\ND & WAS ONLY ABLE TO HOLD ONE NATIONAL CONGRESS 9 SECRET AT ,KAZANLIK 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#b#g4 ,BECAUSE ( ! DIFFICULTIES ( ILLEGALITY & ! REPRESSIVE REGIME !RE W]E PROBLEMS ( DISORGANIZATION 9 ?IS P]IOD4 ,?IS PROMPT$ MOVES T[>DS GREAT] ORGANIZATION )9 ! ,F,A,C,B4 ,BULG>IAN AN>*ISM HAD ALWAYS REJECT$ 9DIVIDUALISM & REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM & ABOVE ALL DEF9$ ITSELF AS AN>*I/ COMMUNI/1 CIT+ ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK91 ,MALATE/A1 ,FAURE1 ETC4 ,AN>*O-SYNDICALISM REMA9$ A M9OR CURR5T )9 ,BULG>IA4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ,BULG>IAN AN>*I/S PRIORITIZ$ ! CREATION ( WORK]S & PEASANTS' ORGANIZATIONS4 ,P>TISANS ( ! ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,PLAT=M ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/S1 WRITT5 BY ! ,UKRA9IAN & ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S ,MAKHNO1 ,>%9OV1 ,METT & O!RS1 N[ HAD A C]TA9 POPUL>ITY 9 ,BULG>IA4 ,!RE WAS A RESULT+ CLA% )9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! ,F,A,C,B REMA9$ TI$ TO TRADITIONAL CONCEPTS ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM1 EXPRESS$ ?R\< ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,F,A,C,B4 ,! CLA% BETWE5 ! TRADITIONALI/S & ! ,PLAT=MI/S BECAME QUITE BITT]1 CAUS+ SPLITS )9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,MEAN:ILE A QUITE CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( AN>*I/ MILITANTS E/ABLI%$ !MSELVES 9 S\!RN ,FRANCE & 9 ,P>IS4 ,!Y SUPPLI$ SUPPORT TO ! COMRADES BACK HOME1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME1 =MULAT+ A NEW PLAT=M & PROGRAM = ! ,F,A,C,B4 ,!SE RETURN$ TO ,BULG>IA FOLL[+ AN AMNE/Y & WORK$ T[>DS ! CONV5+ ( A SECRET CONF]5CE 9 A =E/ NE> ,LOVET*4 ,?IS WAS ATT5D$ BY #i DELEGATES4 ,UNANIMITY WAS A*IEV$1 ! PAP]S ( ! TWO DIFF]5T T5D5CIES W]E SUSP5D$ & ,RABOTNIT*ESKA ,MISSAL WAS E/ABLI%$ AS ! UNIT$ PAP] ( ! ,F,A,C,B4 ,H[EV] ! PR9CIPLE ADVOCATES ( ! ,PLAT=M VIOL5TLY DISAGRE$ ) ?IS :I* L$ TO WIDESPREAD DISAPPROVAL )9 ! MOVEM5T & ! RAPID DISAPPE>ANCE ( ?IS GR\P+4 ,! PURE SYNDICALI/S1 SKEPTICAL ( A SPECIFIC AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 ALSO )DREW FROM ! ,F,A,C,B AFT] SEV]AL MON?S4 ,A FOLL[-UP CONF]5CE HELD SECRETLY 9 ! M\NTA9S NE> ,MAGLIT* AFFIRM$ ! NE$ = A SPECIFIC ORGANIZATION1 = TACTICAL & IDEOLOGICAL UNITY1 & = A PROGRAM ( ACTION4 ,LOCAL GR\PS F$]AT$ 9TO FIVE REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS )9 ! ,F,A,C,B4 ,AS WELL AS CONSI/5T PROPAG&A1 ! ,F,A,C,B DEVELOP$ EV]YDAY AGITATION AMONG WORK]S & PEASANTS ) ORGANIZATIONAL WORK1 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( COOP]ATIVES1 CULTURAL GR\PS1 FREE S*OOLS & LIBR>IES4 ,?IS P]IOD ( RELATIVE LIB]TY NEV]!LESS 9VOLV$ ! >RE/ ( MILITANTS & ! CLOS+ D[N ( PUBLICATIONS4 ,ANO!R C\P TOOK PLACE ON #a#i? ,MAY #aicd & ! MOVEM5T ONCE MORE HAD TO GO UND]GR\ND4 ,!RE WAS SUPPORT = ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 9 #aicf ) #c COMRADES MANAG+ TO GET TO ,SPA94 ,! DICTATOR%IP & ! SUBSEQU5T P]IOD ( ,NAZISM DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,TWO LIMIT$ MU* ACTIVITY4 ,! ,BULG>IAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ITSELF1 :IL/ ALSO UND]GR\ND1 HAD NO LIK+ = AN>*I/S1 AS WITNESS$ BY ITS MURD] ( ! AN>*I/ RESI/ANCE FIRI$ ?R\< BY A MILIT>Y C\P ) ! SUPPORT ( ! ,SOVIET ,>MY1 :I* TOOK PLACE ON #i? ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#d#d4 ,= A :ILE ! LEGAL EXI/5CE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS POSSIBLE1 ALL[+ ! HOLD+ ( A CONF]5CE 9 ,OCTOB] ( ?AT YE> 9 ,S(IA4 ,RABOTNI*ETSKA ,MISSAL WAS ONCE AGA9 PUBLI%$ = F\R ISSUES BE=E IT WAS %UT D[N AGA9 BY ! AU?ORITIES4 ,! ACTIVITIES ( LOCAL GR\PS CONT9U$1 LEAD+ TO A WELL-ORGANIZ$ SECRET CONF]5CE ON #a? ,M>* #aide NE> ,S(IA4 ,IT WAS ATT5D$ BY #i DELEGATES4 ,H[EV]1 ! SECRET POLICE CONDUCT$ A RAID & >RE/$ ALL ! DELEGATES :O W]E !N PLAC$ 9 A CONC5TRATION CAMP4 ,=TUNATELY1 CIRCUM/ANCES )9 ! NEW ,/AL9I/ REGIME L$ TO !IR LIB]ATION & ! PUBLI%+ ( F\R ISSUES ( ! PAP]4 ,! PR9T RUN %OT UP FROM #g1 TO #c11 & IF !RE HAD NOT BE5 PAP] RATION+1 !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 #f1 PR9T$6 ,H[EV]1 ! OCCUPY+ ,R$ ,>MY SUBSEQU5TLY SUSP5D$ ! PAP] BECAUSE ITS SOLDI]S W]E READ+ IT & W]E />T+ TO COME UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( AN>*ISM4 ,! REGIME N[ 9/ITUT$ A NEW P]IOD ( REPRESSION1 ) AN>*I/S BE+ 9T]N$ 9 CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 ,ANO!R SECRET CONF]5CE TOOK PLACE 9 ,S(IA 9 ,AUGU/ #aidf ) #d GR\PS REPRES5T$4 ,AN UND]GR\ND DUPLICAT$ BULLET9 REPLAC$ ! BANN$ ,F,A,C,B PAP]4 ,A FUR!R WAVE ( REPRESSION WAS C>RI$ \T 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#d#h1 TWO DAYS BE=E ! FIF? CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,MORE ?AN #f AN>*I/S W]E >RE/$ & DETA9$ 9 CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 ,MANY MILITANTS ESCAP$ ABROAD1 ! EXODUS />T+ 9 #aidf & CONT9U+ UP UNTIL #a#i#e#a4 ,!SE MILITANTS E/ABLI%$ ! ,BULG>IAN ,AN>*I/ ,UNION 9 EXILE1 WORK+ )9 ! AN>*I/ 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION 7,I,W,A-,A,I,T7 & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ( ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATIONS 7,I,A,F-,I,F,A74 ,) ! FALL ( ! DIFF]5T ,/AL9I/ REGIMES ?R\<\T ,EA/]N ,EUROPE1 ! ,BULG>IAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T REEM]G$ FROM CL&E/9ITY & E/ABLI%$ ! ,BULG>IAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION1 :I* EXI/S TO ?IS DAY4 ,! HI/ORY ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,BULG>IA IS ONE M>K$ BY GREAT H]OISM1 ( FEV]$ PROPAG&A & ACTIVITY1 (T5 UND] V]Y DIFFICULT CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,BULG>IA WAS ONE ( ! C\NTRIES :]E AN>*ISM DEVELOP$ \TSIDE ( SMALL GR\P+S TO BECOME A L>GE MOVEM5T4 ,IT DES]VES F> MORE ATT5TION ?AN IT HAS RECEIV$ 9 ! PA/4 ,! PUBLICATION ( ?IS BOOK ON ! LIFE ( ! EXEMPL>Y AN>*I/ MILITANT1 ,ALEX&] ,NAKOV1 IS HOPEFULLY ! BEG9N+ ( A REEVALUATION ( ?AT MOVEM5T4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #a#b1 #bba 3 ,A ,HI/ORICAL ,BACKGR\ND TO ! ,BULG>IAN ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,A ,HI/ORICAL ,BACKGR\ND TO ! ,BULG>IAN ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/