,A ,FEW ,WORDS ON ! ,NATIONAL ,QUE/ION 9 ! ,UKRA9E 

#aibh 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

,TEXT 3 

,9 ! WAKE ( ! ABOLITION ( CZ>I/ DESPOTISM AT ! TIME ( ! #aiag REVOLUTION1 PROSPECTS ( NEW1 FREE RELATIONS BETWE5 PEOPLES HI!RTO 9 SUBJECTION B5EA? ! VIOL5T YOKE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE1 APPE>$ ON ! HORIZONS ( ! WORLD ( ,LABOR4 ,! NOTION ( COMPLETE SELF-DET]M9ATION1 UP TO & 9CLUD+ A COMPLETE BREAK ) ! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE1 ?US EM]G$ NATURALLY AMONG !SE PEOPLES4 ,GR\PS ( EV]Y P]SUASION SPRANG UP AMONG ! ,UKRA9IAN POPULATION BY ! DOZ53 EA* ( !M HAD ITS [N \TLOOK & 9T]PRET$ ! IDEA ( SELF-DET]M9ATION ACCORD+ TO ITS [N FACTIONAL 9T]E/S4 ,ALL 9 ALL1 ! TOIL+ MASSES ( ! ,UKRA9E DID NOT ID5TIFY ) !SE GR\PS & DID NOT JO9 !M4 

,OV] SEV5 YE>S HAVE ELAPS$ S9CE1 & ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S' L9E ON ! NOTION ( SELF-DET]M9ATION HAS DEVELOP$ & !IR UND]/&+ 9CREAS$4 ,N[ !Y ID5TIFI$ ) IT & !Y DISPLAY$ ?IS (T5 9 !IR LIFE-/YLE4 ,?US1 = EXAMPLE1 !Y ASS]T$ !IR RI<TS TO USE !IR [N LANGUAGE & !IR 5TITLEM5T TO !IR [N CULTURE1 :I* HAD BE5 REG>D$ PRIOR TO ! REVOLUTION AS ANA!MA4 ,!Y ALSO ASS]T$ !IR RI<T TO CON=M 9 !IR LIVES TO !IR [N WAY ( LIFE & SPECIFIC CU/OMS4 ,9 ! AIM ( BUILD+ AN 9DEP5D5T ,UKRA9IAN ,/ATE1 C]TA9 /ATI/ G5TLEM5 W\LD DE>LY LOVE TO >ROGATE TO !MSELVES ALL NATURAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( ,UKRA9IAN REALITY1 AGA9/ :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 BY ! WAY1 >E P[]LESS TO FI<T1 = ALL !IR OMNIPOT5CE4 ,H[EV]1 !SE /ATI/ G5TLEM5 CANNOT SEEM TO C>RY ! BROAD MASSES ( TOIL]S ) !M1 MU* LESS MOBILIZE !M 9 ?IS WAY = A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! OPPRESSIVE ,BOL%EVIK P>TY4 ,! HEAL?Y 9/9CTS ( ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S & !IR BALEFUL LIFE UND] ! ,BOL%EVIK YOKE HAS NOT MADE !M OBLIVI\S ( ! ,/ATE DANG] 9 G5]AL4 ,= ?AT REASON1 !Y %UN ! *AUV9I/ TR5D & DO NOT MIX IT UP ) !IR SOCIAL ASPIRATIONS1 RA!R SEEK+ !IR [N ROAD TO EMANCIPATION4 

,!RE IS FOOD !RE = S]I\S ?\<T ON ! P>T ( ALL ,UKRA9IAN REVOLUTION>IES & = LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S 9 P>TICUL>1 IF !Y AIM AFT] ?IS TO 5GAGE 9 CONSI/5T WORK AMONG ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S4 

,SU* WORK1 ?\<1 CANNOT BE CONDUCT$ ALONG ! SAME L9ES AS 9 ! YE>S #a#i#a#h-#a#i#b1 = ! REALITY 9 ! C\NTRY HAS ALT]$ A LOT4 ,!N1 ! ,UKRA9IAN LABOR+ POPULATION1 :I* HAD PLAY$ SU* A SIGNIFICANT P>T 9 CRU%+ ALL ( ! B\RGEOISIE'S M]C5>IES - ,D5IK91 ,PETLIURA & ,WRANGEL - C\LD NEV] HAVE DREAM$ ?AT1 AT ! F> 5D ( ! REVOLUTION1 IT W\LD F9D ITSELF SO IGNOM9I\SLY DECEIV$ & EXPLOIT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,?OSE W]E ! DAYS :5 WE W]E ALL FI<T+ AGA9/ ! RE/ORATION ( ! CZ>I/ ORD]4 ,!RE WAS NOT 5\< TIME !N TO SCRUT9IZE & VET ALL ! 0BL[-9S0 %[+ UP TO JO9 ! /RUGGLE4 ,FAI? 9 ! REVOLUTION OV]RUL$ ALL SECOND ?\<TS AB\T ! METTLE ( !SE 0BL[-9S0 OR ! QUE/IONS ?AT MI<T HAVE BE5 RAIS$ AB\T !M2 %\LD !Y BE C\NT$ AS FRI5DS OR FOES8 ,AT ! TIME1 ! TOIL]S W]E ON ! MOVE AGA9/ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 HE$FUL ONLY ( ?OSE :O %[$ UP TO %>E !IR FRONT RANKS 9 CONFRONT+ DEA? FE>LESSLY 9 DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,LAT]1 ! PSY*OLOGY ( ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S *ANG$ A LOT3 !Y HAD HAD ! TIME TO FAMILI>IZE !MSELVES TO SATURATION PO9T ) !SE 0BL[-9S0 TO !IR CAUSE1 & !REAFT] W]E MORE CRITICAL 9 !IR ACC\NT+ ( :AT !Y HAD WON ?R\< ! REVOLUTION1 OR AT LEA/ :AT REMA9S ( ?AT4 ,BEH9D !SE 0BL[-9S0 !Y RECOGNIZE !IR \TRI<T 5EMIES1 EV5 ?\< !SE ,UKRA9IANIZ$ !MSELVES & WAVE ! FLAG ( SOCIALISM1 =1 9 ACTUALITY1 !Y WAT* !M OP]ATE 9 SU* A WAY AS TO ADD TO ! EXPLOITATION ( ,LABOR4 ,!Y >E CLE> 9 !IR M9DS ?AT IT WAS ?IS CA/E ( SOCIALI/S1 VORACI\S EXPLOIT]S1 ?AT /RIPP$ !M ( ALL !IR REVOLUTION>Y GA9S4 ,9 %ORT1 AS F> AS !Y >E CONC]N$ IT IS SOME?+ AK9 TO ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN OCCUPATION CAM\FLAG$ BEH9D ALL MANN] ( ,BOL%EVIK SLEI<T ( H&4 

,?IS DISGUIS$ OCCUPATION PROMPTS FROM ! MASSES A C]TA9 *AUV9I/ BACKLA% DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! 0BL[-9S04 ,NOT = NO?+ DO !SE ,BOL%EVIK G5TLEM5 GOV]N ! ,UKRA9E FROM ,MOSC[1 HID+ BEH9D !IR ,UKRA9IAN CAT'S PAWS3 IT IS ! GR[+ HATR$ FROM ! ,UKRA9IAN MASSES ?AT HAS COMM5D$ ?IS C\RSE TO !M4 ,IT IS ! V]Y NATURE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK DESPOTISM ?AT IS DRIV+ ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S TO SE>* = WAYS ( OV]?R[+ IT & MAK+ PROGRESS T[>DS A NEW & TRULY FREE SOCIETY4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS >E NOT RE/+ ON !IR LAURELS EI!R & >E /RIV+ TO ADAPT AT ALL CO/S TO ,UKRA9IAN REALITY4 ,9 #a#i#b#c1 !Y 5D$ UP LIKE LO/ %EEP3 S9CE :I* !Y HAVE MODIFI$ !IR TACTICS & WA/$ NO TIME 9 GETT+ TO GRIPS ) ,UKRA9IAN REALITY4 ,FUR!RMORE1 !Y HAVE WA/$ NO TIME 9 ASSOCIAT+ ! FATE ( ,BOL%EVISM ) ?AT ( NATIONALISM1 & !Y HAVE1 9 PURSUANCE ( ?IS1 ADD$ SPECIFIC >TICLES TO ! ',CON/ITUTION ( ! ,U,S,S,R'1 AF=D+ EV]Y COMPON5T PEOPLE ( ?AT ,UNION FULL RI<TS ( SELF-DET]M9ATION1 9DE$ ( SECESSION4 ,ALL ( :I* IS1 ( C\RSE1 M]E %[4 ,H[ IS ?IS ATTITUDE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS GO+ TO DEVELOP8 ,! NEXT FEW YE>S WILL TELL4 ,AN>*I/S' APPROA* TO ! REALITY ( ! ,UKRA9E N[ %\LD TAKE DUE ACC\NT ( !SE NEW FACTORS - ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S' HATR$ = ! 0BL[-9S0 ( NATIONALI/ ,BOL%EVISM4 ,BY \R RECKON+1 !IR *IEF TASK TODAY CONSI/S ( EXPLA9+ TO ! MASSES ?AT ! ROOT ( ALL EVIL IS NOT SOME 0BL[-90 AU?ORITIES1 BUT ALL AU?ORITY 9 G5]AL4 ,! HI/ORY ( REC5T YE>S WILL AF=D CONSID]ABLE WEI<T TO !IR >GUM5T1 = ! ,UKRA9E HAS SE5 A P>ADE ( ALL MANN] ( AU?ORITIES &1 :5 ALL IS SAID & DONE1 !SE HAVE BE5 AS 9DI/+UI%ABLE ONE FROM ANO!R AS PEAS 9 A POD4 ,WE MU/ DEMON/RATE ?AT A 0BL[-90 ,/ATE P[] & AN 09DEP5D5T0 ,/ATE P[] AM\NT TO JU/ AB\T EQUAL 9 VALUE & ?AT ! TOIL]S HAVE NO?+ TO GA9 FROM EI!R3 !Y %\LD FOCUS ALL !IR ATT5TION ELSE:]E3 ON DE/ROY+ ! NE/S ( ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS & REPLAC+ !SE ) WORK] & PEASANT BODIES = SOCIAL & ECONOMIC SELF-DIRECTION4 

,9 SPITE ( EV]Y?+1 9 BROA*+ ! NATIONAL QUE/ION1 WE %\LD NOT OV]LOOK ! LATE/ DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,UKRA9IAN IS BE+ SPOK5 N[1 & BY VIRTUE ( ! NEW NATIONALI/ TR5D1 \TSID]S :O DO NOT SPEAK ! LOCAL LANGUAGE >E SC>CELY LI/5$ TO4 ,?IS IS AN E?NIC ?+ ?AT \<T TO BE KEPT 9 ! =EFRONT ( \R M9DS4 ,:]EAS1 UP TO N[1 AN>*I/S HAVE 5JOY$ ONLY A FEEBLE AUDI5CE AMONG ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTRY1 ?AT WAS BECAUSE !Y W]E CONC5TRAT$ ABOVE ALL 9 ! T[NS &1 :AT IS MORE1 DID NOT USE ! NATIONAL TONGUE ( ! ,UKRA9IAN C\NTRYSIDE4 

,UKRA9IAN LIFE IS FILL$ ) ALL SORTS ( POSSIBILITIES1 ESPECIALLY ! POT5TIAL = A MASS REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE A GREAT *ANCE ( 9FLU5C+ ?AT MOVEM5T1 9DE$ BECOM+ ITS M5TORS1 PROVID$ ONLY ?AT !Y APPRECIATE ! DIV]SITY ( REAL LIFE & ESP\SE A POSITION TO WAGE A S+LE-M9D$1 DIRECT & DECL>$ FI<T AGA9/ ?OSE =CES HO/ILE TO ! TOIL]S :I* MI<T HAVE 5SCONC$ !MSELVES !RE4 ,?AT IS A TASK ?AT CANNOT BE ACCOMPLI%$ )\T A L>GE & P[]FUL ,UKRA9IAN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION4 ,IT IS = ,UKRA9IAN AN>*I/S TO GIVE ?AT SOME S]I\S ?\<T1 />T+ N[4 

7,S\RCE3 ,DELO ,TRUDA1 ,NO4 #a#i1 ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#h4  ,TEXT FROM 0,! ,/RUGGLE ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE & O!R ESSAYS0 BY ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 $IT$ BY ,ALEX&RE ,SIRDA1 TRANSLAT$ BY ,PAUL ,%>KEY1 PUBLI%$ BY ,A,K ,PRESS47 

,FROM 3 ,NE/OR,MAKHNO49FO4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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