,A ,DEMON/RATOR'S ,GUIDE TO ,UND]/&+ ,RIOT ,MUNITIONS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 

,TEXT 3 

,IF !RE'S ONE ?+ ?AT POLICE (FIC]S PREF] TO HITT+ PEOPLE ) /ICKS1 IT'S %OOT+ BLUNT OBJECTS & *EMICAL WEAPONS AT PEOPLE4 ,>MS MANUFACTUR]S >E CON/ANTLY DEVELOP+ NEW WAYS TO ASSAULT PEOPLE FROM A DI/ANCE--& TAXPAY]S KEEP BUY+ NEW TOYS = !IR OPPRESSORS4 

,?IS >TICLE (F]S AN OV]VIEW ( LESS-LE?AL PROJECTILES--BO? *EMICAL WEAPONS & IMPACT MUNITIONS4 ,! POLICE !MSELVES DON'T BO!R DI/+UI%+ ! TWO4 ,WE'LL COV] *EMICAL WEAPONS LIKE TE> GAS & PEPP] SPRAY4 ,WE'LL COV] IMPACT WEAPONS LIKE BATON R\NDS1 RUBB] BULLETS1 & PEPP]-BALLS4 ,WE'LL COV] ! SY/EMS POLICE USE TO APPLY !SE WEAPONS1 9CLUD+ AIR GUNS1 SPRAYS1 GR5ADES1 GR5ADE LAUN*]S1 & %OTGUNS4 ,WE'LL COV] ! WAYS ?AT POLICE M>K PEOPLE = >RE/--& ! WAYS !Y PROBABLY DON'T4 ,O!R >TICLES 9 ?IS S]IES DISCUSS BATONS & O!R POLICE WEAPONRY4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ USEFUL >TICLES TO READ 9 CONJUNCTION TO ?IS ONE IS \R 0,PROTOCOLS = ,COMMON ,9JURIES FROM ,POLICE ,WEAPONS40 

,?IS CAN BE A SC>Y SUBJECT4 ,BUT REMEMB]--!IR GOAL ISN'T TO /RIKE US ) PLA/IC BULLETS OR SPRAY US ) *EMICALS4 ,!IR GOAL IS TO MAKE US LIVE 9 FE>4 ,!Y WANT US TO /AY HOME1 DISCONNECT$1 LEAV+ !IR AU?ORITY ABSOLUTE & UN*ALL5G$4 ,!Y FAIL TO A*IEVE GOAL EV]Y TIME WE TAKE ! /REETS TOGE!R4 ,!Y FAIL EV]Y TIME WE REFUSE TO LET ?AT FE> DICTATE :AT WE DO4 

,9 ?IS >TICLE1 WE'LL T\* BRIEFLY ON H[ TO PROTECT \RSELVES VIA GAS MASKS1 >MOR1 %IELDS1 & ! LIKE4 ,O!R >TICLES EXPLORE ?OSE OPTIONS 9 DETAIL4 ,BUT ! *IEF ?+ ?AT CAN PROTECT US AGA9/ ! POLICE IS SOLID>ITY4 ,WE >E ! ONES :O MU/ KEEP EA* O!R SAFE4 ,ONE %IELD ON ! FRONT L9E ( A DEMON/RATION CAN PROTECT MANY PEOPLE4 ,ONE M$IC WILL+ TO TREAT ?OSE 9 ! L9E ( FIRE CAN PROTECT MANY PEOPLE4 ,A FEW PEOPLE :O RISK JAIL TIME TO PU% ! POLICE BACK CAN PROTECT MANY PEOPLE4 ,\R BE/ PROTECTION AGA9/ RIOT MUNITIONS IS EA* O!R4 

,C\RAGE IS NOT ! ABS5CE ( FE>4 ,IT IS ACT+ DESPITE FE>4 ,TOGE!R1 WE CAN OV]COME FE>4 

HTTPS3_/_/TWITT]4COM_/HUNGRYB[TIE_//ATUS_/#a#c#d#d#i#a#f#h#i#d#c#f#f#e#e#f#a#h 

,ON ,/&>DIZATION & ,OV]SI<T 

,WE HAVE F\ND NO EVID5CE ?AT !RE IS ANY F$]AL OR /ATE OV]SI<T ( :AT WEAPONS POLICE >E P]MITT$ TO USE TO QUELL CIVIL DI/URBANCES4 ,ACCORD+ TO AN AN>*I/ LAWY] :O SPECIALIZES 9 ?IS FIELD1 EA* ( R\<LY #a#h1 AG5CIES 9 ! ,U,S MA9TA9S ITS [N USE ( =CE GUIDEL9ES DETAIL+ 9T]NAL /&>DS REG>D+ :AT ITS (FIC]S CAN DO TO PEOPLE4 ,WE'VE F\ND NO BODY ?AT C]TIFIES ! *EMI/RY EMPLOY$ 9 *EMICAL WEAPONS4 ,ANY GIV5 *EMICAL WEAPONS MANUFACTUR] *OOSES !IR [N B9D+ AG5TS & *EMICAL ADDITIVES2 IT APPE>S !RE IS NO EASY WAY TO KN[ :AT *EMICALS WE >E BE+ EXPOS$ TO :5 POLICE T>GET US ) !SE WEAPONS4 ,:ILE ?IS %\LDN'T CAUSE US TO BACK D[N & ACC$E TO AU?ORIT>IANISM1 IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMEMB] ?AT !SE WEAPONS >E ONLY 0LESS LE?AL0 9 COMP>ISON TO LIVE AMMUNITION4 

,!RE >E ONLY TWO FACTORS CONTRIBUT+ TO /&>DIZ+ !SE WEAPONS4 ,! FIR/ IS ?AT WEAPONS ?AT USE EXI/+ PROJECTILE SY/EMS 7SU* AS #c#gMM LAUN*]S7 >E MORE LIKELY TO BE WIDELY ADOPT$ ?AN ODDBALL SY/EMS ?AT REQUIRE 5TIRELY NEW TRA9+ & WEAPONRY4 ,! SECOND IS ?AT MANUFACTUR]S T5D TO COPY EA* O!R'S 9NOVATIONS4 

,:ILE ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T APP>5TLY DOES NOT PROVIDE OV]SI<T1 IT DOES OCCASIONALLY (F] ADVICE & SUGGE/IONS--= EXAMPLE1 9 ?IS SOME:AT-\TDAT$ #bd MANUAL ( LESS-LE?AL WEAPONRY4 

,IMPACT ,MUNITIONS 

,POLICE FIRE A WIDE RANGE ( BLUNT =CE PROJECTILES FROM A V>IETY ( WEAPONS4 ,MANUFACTUR]S & POLICE DEP>TM5TS SOMETIMES CALL !SE 0,BLUNT ,IMPACT ,PROJECTILES0 7,B,I,PS7 OR 0,K9ETIC ,IMPACT ,PROJECTILES 7,K,I,PS74 0,RUBB] BULLETS0 >E ONLY ONE ( MANY V>IANTS4 ,!Y V>Y 9 SIZE1 =CE1 COMPOSITION1 DELIV]Y ME?ODS1 & LE?ALITY4 

,! SALES PIT*ES ?AT MANUFACTUR]S MAKE TO LAW 5=CEM5T AG5CIES EMPHASIZE ! ABILITY TO OBTA9 COMPLIANCE FROM SUBJECTS VIA PROJECT$ =CE ) M9IMAL RISK ( 9JURY OR DEA?4 ,ALL ( ! ACADEMIC /UDIES--NOT TO M5TION \R LIV$ EXP]I5CE--%[ ?AT NEI!R ( !SE CLAIMS IS CORRECT3 IMPACT MUNITIONS REGUL>LY MAIM & KILL PROTE/]S & !Y R>ELY SUCCE$ AT BREAK+ UP DEMON/RATIONS4 ,!Y'RE EV5 LESS EFFECTIVE AT /OPP+ SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,(T51 :5 ONE ( US LOSES AN EYE OR SUFF]S A FRACTUR$ SKULL1 MORE PEOPLE COME \T TO ! /REETS4 

,SOME ( ! MORE COMMON IMPACT MUNITIONS 9CLUDE BATON R\NDS1 L>GE PLA/IC1 FOAM1 GEL1 OR EV5 WOOD5 PROJECTILES ?AT >E FIR$ FROM A MULTI-LAUN*] OR OCCASIONALLY A %OTGUN2 RUBB] BULLETS1 METAL PROJECTILES COAT$ 9 RUBB] OR ,P,V,C2 BEAN BAG R\NDS1 WOV5 BAGS FILL$ ) EI!R SILICA OR LEAD1 USUALLY FIR$ FROM %OTGUNS2 PEPP]-BALLS1 :I* >E ESS5TIALLY PA9TBALLS FILL$ ) PEPP] SPRAY2 ,F,N#c#c R\NDS1 A COMB9ATION ( PEPP]-BALLS & REGUL> IMPACT MUNITIONS2 RUBB] BALLS1 :I* >E RUBB] OR PLA/IC OR FOAM PELLETS PACK$ 9TO GR5ADES TO EXPLODE LIKE %RAPNEL OR %OTGUN %OT2 &1 ( C\RSE1 ! V5]ABLE GAS CANI/] 7BE>+ *EMICAL AG5TS OR SMOKE71 :I* IS NOT DESIGN$ TO BE FIR$ DIRECTLY AT PROTE/]S--BUT REGUL>LY IS4 

,CONTR>Y TO POPUL> SUPPOSITION1 MO/ MOD]N IMPACT MUNITIONS >E DESIGN$ = 0DIRECT FIRE0 RA!R ?AN 0SKIP FIRE40 ,DIRECT FIRE MUNITIONS >E = %OOT+ DIRECTLY AT 9DIVIDUALS1 :ILE SKIP FIRE PROJECTILES >E DESIGN$ TO BE SKIPP$ (F ! GR\ND 9TO ! CR[D4 ,TE> GAS CANI/]S >E G5]ALLY 9T5D$ = SKIP FIR+ AT CLOSE RANGE OR FIR+ AT A #b#e-#c DEGREE >C 9TO ! AIR = MAXIMUM RANGE2 !Y >E NOT RAT$ = DIRECT FIRE4 ,SOME /YLES ( BATON R\NDS ?AT SPLIT 9TO MULTIPLE PROJECTILES >E DESIGN$ = SKIP FIRE TO DI/RIBUTE ! PROJECTILES MORE WIDELY1 :ILE O!RS >E DESIGN$ TO BE FIR$ OV] ! HEADS ( PROTE/]S 9 ORD] TO RA9 *EMICALS D[N4 ,FULL-SIZE WOOD5 BATON R\NDS & SOME RUBB] BULLETS SEEM TO BE DESIGN$ = SKIP FIRE AS WELL1 BUT 9 G5]AL1 SKIP FIRE IS LESS ACCURATE & LESS COMMON4 

,BATON R\NDS1 /+] GR5ADES1 & BEANBAGS HURT4 ,!Y 9JURE PEOPLE4 ,OCCASIONALLY1 !Y MAIM OR--EV5 MORE R>ELY--KILL PEOPLE4 ,YET ( ALL ! TOOLS US$ BY ! POLICE1 !Y >E SOME ( ! LEA/ EFFECTIVE AT /OPP+ DEMON/RATIONS4 ,UNLIKE A COP )9 MELEE RANGE1 A BATON R\ND CANNOT >RE/ Y\4 ,UNLIKE A CL\D ( GAS1 IT CAN'T =CE Y\ TO DISP]SE4 ,RANG$ IMPACT WEAPONS RELY PRIM>ILY ON PA9 COMPLIANCE4 ,:ILE ?IS MAY WORK ON 9DIVIDUALS1 PA9 ALONE USUALLY CANNOT =CE A RESOLUTE CR[D TO COMPLY4 ,/&+ >\ND GETT+ %OT AT ISN'T ALWAYS ! RI<T MOVE4 ,BUT ! EFFECTS ( IMPACT MUNITIONS CAN BE MITIGAT$ BY PROTECTIVE EQUIPM5T 9CLUD+ %IELDS1 >MOR1 HELMETS1 GOGGLES1 B>RICADES1 & EV5 UMBRELLAS4 ,IMPACT WEAPONS RELY ON FE> ABOVE ALL--& ?R\< M5TAL PREP>ATION & MUTUAL SUPPORT1 WE CAN DEF5D \RSELVES FROM FE>4 ,WE CAN *OOSE NOT TO COMPLY ) FE>4 

,ALL >\ND ! WORLD1 9TIMIDATION IS ! *IEF WEAPON ( ! M]C5>IES :O S]VE ! RUL+ CLASS4 

,COMMON ,9JURIES 

,IMPACT MUNITIONS >E O/5SIBLY DESIGN$ TO HURT PEOPLE & CAUSE COMPLIANCE )\T CAUS+ SIGNIFICANT 9JURY4 ,BUT !RE'S NO?+ SAFE AB\T !M4 

,IT'S BE5 DIFFICULT = US TO P>SE ! AVAILABLE DATA TO WORK \T :I* P>TS >E APPLICABLE SPECIFICALLY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! L>GE/ /UDY1 FROM #b#a#g1 9CLUDES 9=MATION FROM MANY O!R /UDIES >\ND ! WORLD4 ,BUT A GOOD PORTION ( ITS DATA--AB\T #d#a.0--DESCRIBES ! USE ( RUBB] BULLETS4 ,RUBB] BULLETS ACC\NT = A VA/LY DISPROPORTIONATE NUMB] ( ! S]I\S 9JURIES 9 ! /UDY1 & A SLI<TLY DISPROPORTIONATE NUMB] ( DEA?S4 ,! /UDY F\ND ?AT #c.0 ( PEOPLE 9JUR$ ) IMPACT MUNITIONS DIE AS A RESULT1 BUT ?AT IS NOT A USEFUL NUMB] TO UND]/& 9 ! CONTEXT ( A DEMON/RATION ( ! ,U,S4 ,PEOPLE DO DIE AS A CONSEQU5CE ( IMPACT MUNITIONS--BUT IT WILL NOT BE ANY:]E NE> #c.0 ( ?OSE :O >E 9JUR$ BY !M4 ,WE HAVE NOT BE5 ABLE TO CONFIRM :E!R RUBB] BULLETS >E CURR5TLY 9 USE 9 ! ,U,S 7AS !Y >E EASILY CONFUS$ ) RUBB] BALL AMMUNITION71 BUT IF !Y >E1 !Y >E NOT ! PR$OM9ANT IMPACT MUNITION 9 USE4 

,! #bag /UDY F\ND ?AT ! MAJORITY ( S]I\S 9JURIES & DEA?S W]E ! RESULT ( IMPACTS TO ! HEAD OR NECK4 ,A SMALL] /UDY FROM #b F\ND ?AT ! MAJORITY ( DEA?S W]E ! RESULT ( IMPACTS TO ! *E/ 7CAUS+ RIBS TO BREAK & PUNCTURE ! HE>T OR LUNGS74 

,AFT] ! TYPE ( MUNITION FIR$1 ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT FACTORS DET]M9+ ! SEV]ITY ( 9JURIES >E ! DI/ANCE FROM :I* IT IS FIR$ & ! SPE$ ) :I* ! VICTIM CAN ACCESS M$ICAL C>E4 ,ATTACKS FROM )9 T5 FEET CAUS$ ! GREATE/ NUMB] ( BROK5 BONES1 = EXAMPLE4 ,ALSO1 /REET M$ICS SAVE LIVES4 

,! MO/ COMMON 9JURY FROM IMPACT WEAPONS IS 9T5SE BRUIS+4 ,& DESPITE POLICE LACK+ COMPET5CE & ACT+ ) IMPUNITY1 IT DOES SEEM LIKE MO/ IMPACT MUNITIONS >E AIM$ :]E !Y >E SUPPOS$ TO BE AIM$1 AT ! ABDOM5 OR L[]1 :]E S]I\S 9JURIES >E LESS LIKELY TO OCCUR4 

,OCCASIONALLY1 9JURIES & DEA?S OCCUR :5 AN (FIC] FIRES BREA*+ R\NDS 7PROJECTILES DESIGN$ TO BREAK ?R\< B>RI]S SU* AS DOORS7 DIRECTLY AT PEOPLE1 PRESUMABLY BY ACCID5T4 

,?REE WEEKS 9TO ! ,GEORGE ,FLOYD UPRIS+1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,ACADEMY ( ,OPH?ALMOLOGY REPORT$ AT LEA/ #b S]I\S EYE 9JURIES AT PROTE/S CAUS$ BY IMPACT WEAPONS 79CLUD+ BATON R\NDS1 BEAN BAG R\NDS1 & PEPP]-BALLS71 TE> GAS CANI/]S1 &1 9 ONE CASE1 ! PROBE ( A ,TAS]4 ,!SE 9CLUD$ SEV5 9/ANCES 9 :I* PEOPLE LO/ AN EYE AS A RESULT ( SU* AN 9CID5T1 ) MANY MORE PEOPLE AWAIT+ SURG]Y1 UNSURE IF !Y W\LD KEEP !IR EYES4 ,9 ONE CASE ?IS YE>1 A J\RNALI/ SUFF]$ A S]I\S EYE 9JURY AFT] A PROJECTILE BROKE ! PROTECTIVE L5SES ( HIS GAS MASK4 

,ACROSS ! WORLD1 M$ICAL SPECIALI/S CONT9UE TO CALL = ! ABOLITION ( IMPACT MUNITIONS 9 POLIC+4 

,PROTECTION 

,BAS$ ON /REET EXP]I5CE & ! ANALYSIS ( /UDIES1 ! MO/ VITAL >EAS TO PROTECT >E ! HEAD1 EYES1 NECK1 & *E/4 ,HELMETS1 GORGETS1 SPORTS >MOR BREA/PLATES1 & IMPACT-RESI/ANT GOGGLES1 FACE MASKS1 OR GAS MASKS CAN PROTECT AGA9/ ?IS1 POT5TIALLY COMB9$ ) %IELDS4 ,! NECK IS ! MO/ COMPLICAT$ ( !SE >EAS TO PROTECT2 MO/ PEOPLE HAVE NEV] HE>D ! WORD 0GORGET10 LET ALONE IMAG9$ WE>+ ONE :ILE PROTE/+ AGA9/ ! POLICE4 ,BASICALLY1 A GORGET IS AN ITEM ( NECK >MOR WORN BY F5C]S4 ,NONE ( US HAVE EV] SE5 ANYONE WE> ONE AT A DEMON/RATION4 

,WE WILL DISCUSS %IELDS 9 A LAT] >TICLE4 ,H]E1 SUFFICE IT TO SAY ?AT1 TO PROTECT AGA9/ IMPACT MUNITIONS1 A %IELD MU/ BE /RONG 5\< TO RESI/ P5ETRATION ( ! R\ND1 RIGID 5\< TO DI/RIBUTE ! =CE ( IMPACT ACROSS A L>GE SURFACE >EA1 & BE BACK$ BY FOAM :]EV] ! WIELD]'S BODY IS 9 CONTACT ) IT4 ,PLYWOOD #c_/#h0 ?ICK S]VES WELL 5\<1 ?\< #a_/#b0 CAN HOLD UP TO MORE WEAPONRY4 ,TRAFFIC B>REL PLA/IC RESI/S P5ETRATION WELL BUT DI/RIBUTES ! =CE POORLY1 ?\< IT IS SUB/ANTIALLY LI<T] ?AN WOOD4 ,NO %IELD MAKES Y\ 9VULN]ABLE4 

,MO/ 9JURIES OCCUR BEL[ ! WAI/4 ,IT APPE>S ?AT ! MO/ EFFECTIVELY TRA9$ POLICE PREF] TO %OOT DEMON/RATORS 9 ! KNEECAPS4 ,9 VIEW ( ?IS1 IT MAY BE WOR? CONSID]+ WE>+ KNEEPADS OR MORE COMPLETE SPORTS >MOR1 NOT SO MU* TO AVOID P]MAN5T 9JURY OR DEA? AS TO REMA9 MOBILE1 EFFECTIVE1 & UN9JUR$4 

,%IELDS & B>RICADES CAN HELP MITIGATE ALL ( !SE POT5TIAL 9JURIES AS WELL4 

HTTPS3_/_/TWITT]4COM_/GRAVEMORGAN_//ATUS_/#a#b#i#e#a#a#f#f#c#d#e#h#c#i#i#d#c#f#i 

,UND]/&+ ,BALLI/ICS 

,TO UND]/& IMPACT1 WE HAVE TO UND]/& K9ETIC 5]GY4 

,K9ETIC 5]GY1 (T5 CALL$ MUZZLE 5]GY 9 BALLI/ICS1 IS MEASUR$ 9 J\LES 7OR 9 FOOT-P\NDS1 IF Y\'RE NOT FEEL+ METRIC74 ,IT'S D]IV$ FROM ! VELOCITY ( AN OBJECT & ITS WEI<T1 ) VELOCITY BE+ EXPON5TIALLY MORE IMPORTANT4 ,! =MULA TO DET]M9E ! K9ETIC 5]GY ( A PROJECTILE IS ,EK "7 7#a_/#b7MV#b ) ,EK REPRES5T+ 5]GY 7K9ETIC71 M REPRES5T+ MASS1 & V REPRES5T+ VELOCITY4 

,NONE ( US >E 5G9E]S1 BUT WE CONSULT$ A C\PLE 9 ! C\RSE ( WRIT+ ?IS >TICLE4 ,BASICALLY1 WE CAN UND]/& J\LES MEASUR+ ! ANSW] TO ! QUE/ION 0,H[ MU* DID ,I GET HIT )80 ,A BASEBALL ?R[N AT #i MPH MI<T HAVE #ab J\LES4 ,A BATON R\ND MI<T HAVE #bd J\LES1 HITT+ Y\ TWICE AS H>D AS ?AT BASEBALL4 ,A 4#b#b RIFLE MI<T ALSO DELIV] PROJECTILES ) #bd J\LES1 BUT ! BATON R\ND IS A BLUNT IMPACT :]EAS A BULLET IS DESIGN$ TO P5ETRATE4 ,A #iMM PI/OL MI<T DELIV] BULLETS ) #dg J\LES1 AN ,>-#a#e ) #a#h#e1 :ILE A SLUG FROM A #a#b-GAUGE %OTGUN C\LD APPROA* #d#e4 ,IF A #a#h-P\ND P]SON FELL FROM A HEI<T ( #ae FEET1 !Y'D HAVE >\ND #d J\LES :5 !Y HIT ! GR\ND4 ,A SPE$+ C>8 ,EASILY #b1 J\LES4 

,YET MO/ ( US W\LD RA!R GET %OT ) A BATON R\ND ?AN A 4#b#b4 ,AS ONE CONTRIBUTOR TO ?IS TEXT PUT IT1 0,I'D RA!R BE HIT ) #b J\LES ( M>%MALL[S ?AN #b J\LES ( BATON40 ,J\LES >E F> FROM ! :OLE /ORY AB\T ! DAMAGE A GIV5 PROJECTILE CAN 9FLICT4 ,! SURFACE >EA IT HITS Y\ ) 7! J\LES P] SQU>E MET]71 ! ANGLE IT HITS Y\1 :]E IT HITS Y\1 & ! OBJECT'S COMPOSITION 7A WOOD5 BATON R\ND WILL ABSORB LESS ( ITS [N IMPACT ?AN A GEL BATON R\ND1 = EXAMPLE7 ALL MATT] MORE4 ,9 ONE /UDY1 IT TOOK ONLY #cge J\LES TO BREAK BONES :5 PRESSURE WAS APPLI$ AT C]TA9 ANGLES1 :ILE IT TOOK #iib J\LES TO BREAK ! SAME BONES :5 PRESSURE WAS APPLI$ AT O!R ANGLES4 

,BECAUSE VELOCITY IS MORE IMPORTANT TO 5]GY ?AN ! WEI<T ( ! PROJECTILE1 ! 5]GY ) :I* A PROJECTILE /RIKES A T>GET DROPS (F QUICKLY AT DI/ANCE4 ,A FA/] OBJECT WILL (T5 C>RY MORE K9ETIC 5]GY ?AN A SL[]1 HEAVI] OBJECT4 

,IT IS USEFUL TO />T ) ! 5]GY V>I\S WEAPONS CAN DELIV] & ! IMPACT TE/+ TO :I* V>I\S PIECES ( PROTECTIVE GE> >E SUBJECT$4 ,WE'VE F\ND ONE MILIT>Y DOCUM5T ?AT REF]S TO A 09T]NATIONALLY RECOGNIZ$ LE?ALITY LIMIT0 ( #ge J\LES4 ,BUT !SE FACTORS DO NOT GIVE US 5\< 9=MATION TO KN[ H[ A GIV5 PROJECTILE WILL AFFECT A GIV5 T>GET4 ,:ILE WE >E TE/+ V>I\S IMPACT MUNITIONS AGA9/ V>I\S ITEMS ( PROTECTIVE GE>1 WE'D LIKE TO HE> ANY ANECDOTES OR RESE>* Y\ CAN %>E AB\T ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( DIFF]5T =MS ( PROTECTION AGA9/ PROJECTILES4 

,BATON R\NDS 

,MAT]IAL COMPOSITION3 PLA/IC1 FOAM1 GEL1 WOOD 

,DELIV]Y ME?ODS3 MO/LY #c#g_/#dMM LAUN*]S1 SOME #a#b-GAUGE %OTGUNS 

,VELOCITY3 MO/ SEEM TO BE >\ND #c FPS 7FEET P] SECOND71 ) SOME EXAMPLES UP TO #fe FPS 

,5]GY3 ONE EXAMPLE IS #bdd J\LES 

,RANGE3 DEP5DS WIDELY ON COMPOSITION1 BUT AN OV]ALL ADV]TIS$ RANGE ( BETWE5 #a4#e & #h MET]S 

,BATON R\NDS COME 9 MULTIPLE %APES1 SIZES1 & MAT]IALS1 BUT !Y'RE BASICALLY BIG *UNKS ( PA9FUL OBJECT4 ,!Y T5D TO BE L>GE-CALIB] 7#c#gMM & #dMM71 SO ?AT !Y IMP>T AS MU* =CE AS POSSIBLE :ILE REMA9+ TOO BLUNT TO P5ETRATE SK94 ,MANY BATON R\NDS ALSO 9CLUDE SOME K9D ( PAYLOAD1 SU* AS *EMICAL AG5TS OR M>K+ DYE4 

,MO/ PROJECTILES ?AT GET CALL$ 0RUBB] BULLETS0 >E PROBABLY BATON R\NDS4 ,IT'S NOT NECESS>Y TO CORRECT PEOPLE P$ANTICALLY1 BUT = ! PURPOSE ( ?IS >TICLE1 WE'RE GO+ TO MAKE ! DI/9CTION & CALL !M BATON R\NDS 9/EAD4 

,! MO/ COMMON MAT]IALS = BATON R\NDS >E PLA/IC1 FOAM1 GEL1 & WOOD4 ,:ILE !RE >E F> TOO MANY V>IETIES LI/ AT L5G?1 & DIFF]5T MANUFACTUR]S USE DIFF]5T MAT]IALS = DIFF]5T PURPOSES1 ! G5]AL IDEA SEEMS TO BE ?AT FOAM R\NDS T5D TO BE 9T5D$ = %ORT-RANGE FIRE :ILE PLA/IC & WOOD >E 9T5D$ = LONG] RANGE APPLICATIONS4 ,GEL R\NDS >E ADV]TIS$ AS BE+ USEFUL AT %ORT OR LONG RANGE1 AS >E 0COLLAPSIBLE HEAD0 PLA/IC R\NDS4 ,( C\RSE1 IT'S H>D TO IMAG9E ! POLICE REALLY ?9K+ ?R\< EXACTLY :I* R\ND !Y WANT TO USE = :I* TACTICAL PURPOSE1 ESPECIALLY 9 *AOTIC SITUATIONS1 & IT'S SAFE TO ASSUME ?AT !Y >E FIR+ ALL ( !SE AT ANY RANGE !Y WANT4 

,BATON R\NDS (T5 CONTA9 MULTIPLE PROJECTILES )9 EA* %ELL ?AT >E DESIGN$ TO SPLIT AP>T4 

,SOME BATON R\NDS HAVE RIFL+ BUILT 9TO ! %ELL OR 9TO ! B>REL ( ! LAUN*] TO SP9-/ABILIZE ! PROJECTILE = ACCURACY4 ,MO/ APPE> NOT TO4 ,:ILE EV]Y BATON R\ND IS RAT$ TO A DIFF]5T RANGE1 MO/ SEEM TO BE DESIGN$ = USE BETWE5 #b & #d MET]S2 ONLY A FEW V>IETIES >E DESIGN$ = UP TO #h MET]S4 

,DIRECT FIRE BATON R\NDS >E SUPPOS$ TO BE AIM$ AT ! NAVEL1 ?I<S1 BUTTOCKS1 OR KNEES--?\< AS PREVI\SLY M5TION$1 IT IS A MI/AKE TO EXPECT POLICE TO LIMIT !MSELVES ?US4 

,MO/ PEOPLE /RUCK ) BATON R\NDS JU/ COME AWAY ) A NA/Y WELT4 ,H[EV]1 BATON R\NDS HAVE MAIM$ & KILL$ PEOPLE1 ESPECIALLY :5 !Y /RIKE PEOPLE'S FACES4 ,9 ,JULY1 ,PORTL& POLICE %OT A #b#f-YE>-OLD PROTE/] 9 ! FACE ) A BATON R\ND :ILE HE HAD HIS H&S UP4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT R\ND TO HAVE BE5 A ,SAGE ,9T]NATIONAL #c#gMM ,K,O#a R\ND4 ,! BL[ FRACTUR$ HIS SKULL1 NE>LY KILL+ HIM & NECESSITAT+ SURG]Y4 

,!RE >E ALSO #a#b-GAUGE %OTGUN BATON R\NDS4 ,MO/ ( !SE >E V>I\S RUBB] PROJECTILES ?AT HAVE F9S & LOOK LIKE T9Y MISSILES OR ROCKET %IPS4 ,ONE1 = EXAMPLE1 ! /ABILI-%OCK1 WEI<S #f GRAMS & IS MEANT TO FIRE AT #dbf FPS = A TOTAL ( #ea J\LES ( =CE4 ,WE F\ND ONE VIDEO ( SOMEONE LOAD+ ! R\ND WRONG & %OOT+ IT AT ?REE TIMES ?AT VELOCITY4 ,WE HAVE SE5 SOME EVID5CE ( POLICE US+ !SE AT PROTE/S 9 ! ,U,S4 

,ANO!R MAKE IS ! ,LI<TFIELD ,SUP]/>1 A COLORFUL SEA UR*9 ( PA94 ,IT IS A CLOSE-QU>T]S WEAPON1 CONSID]$ SAFE = DIRECT FIRE AT AS CLOSE AS TWO MET]S4 ,WE HAVE F\ND NO EVID5CE ( LAW 5=CEM5T US+ !SE 9 ! ,U,S4 

,BATON R\NDS SEEM TO HAVE BE5 9V5T$ BY ! ,BRITI% = USE 9 !IR COLONIAL PROJECT 9 ,IREL&1 BECAUSE ! RUBB] BULLETS !Y W]E US+ AT ! TIME W]E KILL+ TOO MANY PEOPLE4 ,PLA/IC BATON R\NDS /ILL KILL$ COLONIAL SUBJECTS1 BUT AT A SL[] RATE4 

,MOD]N BATON R\NDS (T5 CONTA9 ONE OR MORE *EMICAL WEAPONS1 9CLUD+ ,O,C 7,OLEORES9 CAPSICUM7 & ,C,S 7COMMON TE> GAS7 MO/ COMMONLY1 ?\< ,C,N 7:I* IS MORE DANG]\S7 IS US$ AS WELL4 ,SOME BATON R\NDS ALSO CONTA9 M>K+ COMP\NDS4 

,RUBB] ,BALLS 

,COMPOSITION3 H>D RUBB] 

,DELIV]Y ME?ODS3 H&-?R[N GR5ADES1 #c#g_/#dMM CANI/]S1 #a#b-GAUGE %OTGUNS1 POSSIBLY 4#f#h CALIB] AIR GUNS 

,VELOCITY3 V>IABLE 

,5]GY3 #c-#b J\LES :5 FIR$ FROM A %OTGUN1 O!R /YLES UNKN[N 

,RANGE3 WIDELY V>IABLE 

,RUBB] BALLS >E FIR$ 9DIVIDUALLY OR1 MORE (T51 PACK$ 9TO %OTGUN %ELLS1 MULTI-LAUN*] %ELLS1 OR H&-?R[N GR5ADES4 ,!Y %OOT \T WILDLY & 9JURE PEOPLE UNPR$ICTABLY4 ,BR& NAMES 9CLUDE ,/+]1 ,/+-BALL1 & ,HORNET'S ,NE/2 !Y >E SOMETIMES G5]ICALLY DESCRIB$ AS RUBB] BUCK%OT4 ,WE'VE F\ND A FEW COMMON CALIB]S ( BALLS3 4#c#b CALIB] & 4#f CALIB] 7:I* IS TO SAY 4#c#b0 & 4#f071 >E COMMON 9 GR5ADES & L>G] CANI/]S1 :ILE 0RUBB] BUCK%OT0 SEEMS TO COME 9 # BUCK%OT SIZE3 4#c#c04 ,SOME %OTGUN R\NDS >E PACK$ ) ONE TO ?REE 4#f#h0 RUBB] BALLS4 

,ACCORD+ TO ONE MANUFACTUR]1 RUBB] BALL WEAPONS >E CONSID]$ A WEAPON ( LA/ RESORT :5 O!R LESS LE?AL OPTIONS HAVE FAIL$4 ,?IS IS PROBABLY BECAUSE RUBB] BALLS >E UNPR$ICTABLE 9 :O !Y /RIKE & :]E4 

,IT'S POSSIBLE1 ?\< WE HAVE NOT BE5 ABLE TO CONFIRM IT1 ?AT MO/ ( :AT PEOPLE DESCRIBE AS RUBB] BULLETS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E ! L>G] CALIB] ( RUBB] BALL4 ,COMB9$ ,TACTICAL ,SY/EMS ,/+-BALLS >E 9 COMMON USE 9 ,PORTL&--!Y >E PRESUM$ TO BE ! MEANS BY :I* POLICE BROKE SOMEONE'S F+] 9 ,AUGU/4 ,ANECDOTALLY1 A LOT ( !M SEEM TO MISFIRE1 AS DEMON/RATORS HAVE F\ND A L>GE NUMB] ( IMPROP]LY-DEPLOY$ CANI/]S4 

,!RE IS SPECULATION ?AT EXPIR$ RUBB] BALLS LOSE SOME ELA/ICITY OV] TIME & BECOME MORE HAZ>D\S4 

,RUBB] BALLS >E ALSO PACK$ 9TO GR5ADES ?AT = ALL O!R PURPOSES FUNCTION AS FLA%-BANG GR5ADES3 DISORI5TATION DEVICES ?AT USE S\ND & LI<T TO DI/RACT PEOPLE4 ,ONE H& GR5ADE WE LOOK$ AT1 ! ,A,L,S ,HORNETS ,NE/ ,/+ ,GR5ADE1 HOLDS #ah 4#c#b CALIB] BALLS & PRODUCES A FLA% ( #a-#b MILLION C&ELA & A BANG ( #ac DB AT FIVE FEET4 

,RUBB] BALLS MOVE V]Y *AOTICALLY2 GR5ADES DETONAT$ ON ! GR\ND CAN EASILY S5D PROJECTILES T[>DS \R FACES & EYES4 

,!SE GR5ADES >E ABSOLUTELY NOT SAFE TO H&LE & %\LD NOT BE CAU<T OR ?R[N BACK4 

,BEANBAGS 

,COMPOSITION3 SILICA OR LEAD 9 ,KEVL> OR O!R FABRIC 

,DELIV]Y ME?OD3 ,MO/LY #a#b-GAUGE %OTGUNS1 BUT ALSO #c#g_/#dMM LAUN*]S 

,RANGE3 #b-#c#e FEET 

,VELOCITY3 @9#b#g FPS 

,=CE3 ONE #a#b-GAUGE EXAMPLE WAS #adf J\LES 

,BEANBAG R\NDS >E BAGS FULL ( METAL 7SU* AS _?#i %OTGUN %OT7 OR SILICA 7S&74 ,ON AV]AGE1 !Y >E = CLOS]-RANGE USE ?AN BATON R\NDS2 !Y MORE (T5 US$ 9SIDE BUILD+S--SPECIFICALLY1 9 JAILS4 ,EV]Y MANUFACTUR] & EV]Y R\ND WILL BE DIFF]5T1 BUT MO/ SEEM TO BE 9T5D$ = USE BETWE5 #b-#c#e FEET4 ,SOME BEANBAG R\NDS >E 0DRAG /ABILIZ$0 ) A BIT ( CLO? ?AT HANGS (F ! BACK TO KEEP IT ACCURATE ITS 5TIRE EFFECTIVE DI/ANCE4 ,!Y >E FIR$ FROM #c#gMM & #dMM LAUN*]S & #a#b-GAUGE %OTGUNS4 

,MANUFACTUR]'S GUIDEL9ES SUGGE/ ?AT IT W\LD TAKE #b-#c %OTS ) A BEANBAG R\ND TO 9CAPACITATE A T>GET4 ,:5 !Y >E US$ 9 RIOT SITUATIONS1 !Y >E NOT USUALLY EMPLOY$ TO 9CAPACITATE PEOPLE SO MU* AS TO 9FLICT A PSY*OLOGICAL IMPACT ON ! CR[D4 

,WE SAW ONE POLICE (FIC] ON A =UM TELL+ ! /ORY ( A MAN ON ,P,C,P SURVIV+ #cd %OTS ) BEANBAG R\NDS 7?\< ONE R\ND %ATT]$ ! BONES 9 HIS H&74 ,POLICE ON 9T]NET =UMS (T5 BOA/ AB\T H[ !Y %OOT ROOKIES ) BEANBAG R\NDS TO HAZE !M4 

,WE F\ND ,SAF>IL& BEANBAG R\NDS = RETAIL AT @s#c OR AVAILABLE ON E,BAY = @s#a4 ,O!R MANUFACTUR]S *>GE >\ND @s#f-#g P] R\ND4 

,RUBB] ,BULLETS 

,COMPOSITION3 RUBB]- OR NYLON- OR ,P,V,C-COAT$ /EEL1 OR A H>D COMPOSITION ( RUBB] & SILICA 

,DELIV]Y ME?OD3 V>I$ 

,?US F>1 \R RESE>* 9TO RUBB] BULLETS HAS BE5 LESS CONCLUSIVE ?AN \R RESE>* 9TO ! O!R R\NDS4 ,HI/ORICALLY1 RUBB] BULLETS = CR[D CONTROL COME 9 TWO =MS3 METAL PROJECTILES COAT$ 9 RUBB]1 AS ,BRITI% OCCUPI]S US$ EXT5SIVELY 9 ,NOR!RN ,IREL&1 & H>D PELLETS MADE ( A HOMOG5\S MIXTURE ( R\<LY #b.0 RUBB] & #h.0 SILICA1 AS COMMONLY DEPLOY$ BY ! ,ISRAELI COLONIAL OCCUPATION 9 ,PALE/9E4 

,WE KN[ ?AT ! POLICE 9 ! ,U,S >E %OOT+ PEOPLE ) RUBB] BALLS1 & !RE HAS BE5 SOME SPECULATION ?AT 9 #b#b1 ,D,C POLICE HAVE US$ ! /EEL-COR$ V>IETY ?AT HAVE KILL$ SO MANY PEOPLE OV] ! YE>S4 

,AS METAL-COR$ PROJECTILES W]E DISPROPORTIONATELY RESPONSIBLE = DEA? & MAIM+ 9 ! #bag /UDY ( LESS-LE?AL WEAPONS1 ?IS W>RANTS FUR!R 9VE/IGATION4 ,IF Y\ SEE POLICE FIRE RUBB] BALLS AT PEOPLE1 TRY TO GRAB SOME4 ,MEASURE !M1 CUT !M OP51 & S5D US PICTURES4 

,!RE >E ALSO BULLET-%AP$ RUBB] BULLETS DESIGN$ TO BE FIR$ FROM #iMM H&GUNS &1 PRESUMABLY1 EV]Y O!R COMMON FIRE>M CALIB]4 ,BUT AS !SE >E FIR$ FROM REGUL> FIRE>MS1 !Y DO NOT SEEM TO HAVE F\ND !IR WAY 9TO ! POLICE RIOT CONTROL WEAPON >S5AL4 ,SO F>1 ! ONLY MANUFACTUR] WE'VE TRACK$ D[N ?AT MAKES ?IS /YLE ( BULLET IS 9 ,CANADA3 ,LAMP]D ,LESS ,LE?AL4 ,IT'S SAFE/ TO ASSUME ?AT ! RIFLES & H&GUN Y\ SEE POLICE C>RY+ HOLD LIVE AMMUNITION4 

,PELLETS & ,PA9TBALLS 

,MORE & MORE COMMONLY1 LESS LE?AL MUNITIONS >E FIR$ FROM 4#f#h0 CALIB] AIRGUNS--:I* IS TO SAY1 PA9TBALL GUNS4 ,A FEW /YLES ?AT WE HAVE NOT CONFIRM$ TO BE 9 USE 9 ! ,U,S,A >E COV]$ ABOVE UND] 0RUBB] BULLETS40 ,! MORE COMMON /YLES >E PEPP]-BALLS & ,F,N#c#c R\NDS4 

,:ILE BO? >E US$ AS IMPACT MUNITIONS1 !Y >E UNIQUE TO !IR 9DIVIDUAL PLAT=MS1 SO WE'LL COV] !M UND] 0LAUN*]S0 BEL[4 ,H[EV]1 FASCI/S HAVE LATELY ADOPT$ ! PA9TBALL GUN AS A FAVOR$ TOOL = /REET CONFLICT4 ,RUMORS AB\ND ?AT !Y >E US+ FROZ5 PA9TBALLS1 BUT WE SUSPECT ?AT !Y MAY BE US+ RUBB] BALLS4 

,FROZ5 PA9TBALLS >E NE>LY MY?ICAL 9 ! PA9TBALL WORLD BECAUSE LOCAL M$IA \TLETS FALSELY CLAIM !Y >E FAVOR$ TOOL ( ,HALL[E5 V&ALS4 ,PA9TBALLS FROZ5 9 A HOME FREEZ] = #dh H\RS DO NOT FREEZE SOLID2 !Y ONLY BECOME SLI<TLY MORE BRITTLE & TACKY1 & !Y ?AW QUICKLY4 ,PA9TBALLS FROZ5 9 DRY ICE >E MU* MORE SOLID & POT5TIALLY DANG]\S1 BUT UNWIELDY TO %OOT4 ,LIQUID NITROG5 FROZ5 PA9TBALLS >E AS H>D AS ICE1 BUT SO BRITTLE !Y >E NE>LY IMPOSSIBLE TO LOAD & FIRE4 ,ALL COLD PA9TBALLS BECOME LESS ACCURATE--AS ! %ELL BECOMES TACKI]--BUT /+ MORE4 

,9 P>TS ( ! WORLD :]E ACCESS TO FIRE>MS = SELF-DEF5SE IS LESS UBIQUIT\S1 AIRGUNS >E SOMETIMES US$ TO DELIV] NE>-LE?AL =CE1 FIR+ PELLETS 9CLUD+ SOLID RUBB] & RUBB]- OR ,P,V,C-COAT$ /EEL BALLS SU* AS ?OSE COV]$ UND] RUBB] BULLETS ABOVE1 SOMETIMES REF]R$ TO AS 0GLASS BREAK]0 BALLS4 ,!SE PROJECTILES >E C]TA9LY AVAILABLE TO ,U,S LAW 5=CEM5T AS WELL AS CIVILIANS2 !Y CAN BE FIR$ FROM ANY PA9TBALL LAUN*]4 

,ANTI-FASCI/S LEAK+ F>-RI<T COMMUNICATION LOGS 9 ,PORTL& 9 #bb REVEAL$ ?AT AT LEA/ ONE F>-RI<T MILITIA MEMB] DISCUSS$ US+ FROZ5 PA9TBALLS BUT NOT$ !IR LACK ( ACCURACY4 ,HE SUGGE/$ 9/EAD US+ GLASS BREAK] BALLS1 AS DETAIL$ ABOVE4 

,!RE >E ALSO SELF-DEF5SE R\NDS = AIRGUNS ?AT USE A ,D-%AP$ R\ND LIKE ,FIR/ ,/RIKE4 ,FIR/ ,/RIKE IS A /YLE ( PA9TBALL R\ND FIR$ FROM A MAGAZ9E 9/EAD ( A HOPP]1 DESIGN$ = GREAT] ACCURACY4 ,! SAME SY/EM HAS BE5 ADAPT$ TO %OOT RUBB] PROJECTILES ) 5\< =CE TO BE DEADLY4 ,WE'VE SE5 NO EVID5CE ( !IR USE BY POLICE1 BESIDES ! ,PEPP]BALL ,V,X,R R\NDS COV]$ UND] PEPP]-BALLS1 BEL[1 & ! ,F,N#c#c R\NDS4 

,B>RICADE ,R\NDS 

,B>RICADE R\NDS >E PROJECTILES ?AT >E DESIGN$ TO P5ETRATE B>RI]S AS T\< AS GLASS W9D[S 7#a#b-GAUGE71 HOLL[-CORE DOORS 7#c#gMM71 OR ?9 WALLBO>D OR PLYWOOD 7#dMM7 & RELEASE *EMICAL AG5TS FROM !IR NOSECONE UPON IMPACT ) SAID B>RI]4 ,!Y >E NOT AS EFFECTIVE AT BREAK+ ?R\< D\BLE-PANE W9D[S OR GETT+ PA/ HEAVY DRAPES4 ,! R\NDS >E NOT MEANT TO BE FIR$ AT PEOPLE2 !Y HAVE KILL$ MULTIPLE PEOPLE :O W]E /RUCK DIRECTLY BY !M4.<#a.> 

,!Y C>RY ,O,C1 ,C,S1 ,C,N1 OR 9]T LIQUID OR P[D]4 ,! LIQUID-C>RI$ ONES >E HEAVI] & P5ETRATE B>RICADES MORE EFFECTIVELY1 :ILE P[D] C>RI]S >E MORE EFFECTIVE AT DISP]S+ GAS4 ,LIQUID R\NDS COME ) R$ DYE ?AT M>K :]E !Y HIT4 

,LAUN*]S & ,DISP]SAL ,ME?ODS 

,POLICE HAVE ACCESS TO A WIDE V>IETY ( TOOLS !Y USE TO PROJECT =CE AT A DI/ANCE4 ,! MO/ COMMON ( !SE 9CLUDE 4#f#h CALIB] AIRGUNS 7ESS5TIALLY1 PA9TBALL GUNS71 #a#b-GAUGE %OTGUNS 7REF]R$ TO & USUALLY M>K$ AS LESS-LE?AL %OTGUNS1 BUT EFFECTIVELY 9T]*ANGEABLE ) ANY O!R #a#b-GUAGE %OTGUN71 GR5ADES1 & #cg OR #dMM 0MULTI-LAUN*]S10 :I* >E FUNCTIONALLY GR5ADE LAUN*]S4 ,!Y ALSO DISP]SE *EMICALS ) SPRAYS1 HOSES1 & SMOKE C&LES4 

,!SE WEAPONS >E NOT P>TICUL>LY 9ACCURATE1 MANUFACTUR]S' PROMISES NOT)/&+4 ,/UDIES %[ ?AT :5 ! OP]ATORS ( LESS-LE?AL WEAPONS >E UND] /RESS1 !IR V]TICAL ACCURACY PA/ #c MET]S IS SIGNIFICANTLY COMPROMIS$4 ,O!R FACTORS 9CLUDE FATIGUE1 ! WEI<T ( ! LAUN*] ITSELF1 :I* IS SIGNIFICANT :5 LOAD$1 & ! RECOIL ( ! R\NDS1 :I* T5D TO 0PULL0 ! R\ND UP :5 FIR$4 ,!SE M9OR DIFF]5CES MULTIPLY 9 EFFECT OV] DI/ANCE4 ,:AT W\LD BE A ONE-9* V>IANCE AT CLOSE RANGE CAN BECOME A DIFF]5CE ( SEV]AL FEET AT A LONG] RANGE4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT EV5 IF AN (FIC] *OOSES TO AIM A CR[D CONTROL WEAPON AT SOMEONE'S L[] BODY1 HE C\LD EASILY HIT HIS T>GET 9 ! HEAD--OR HIT SOMEONE ELSE 5TIRELY4 ,!RE IS NOT A SUREFIRE WAY TO %OOT ANY WEAPON 9TO A CR[D ( PEOPLE & BE C]TA9 TO HIT Y\R 9T5D$ T>GET4 

4#f#h ,CALIB] ,AIR-,P[]$ ,GUNS 

,POLICE USE :AT AM\NT TO PA9TBALL GUNS TO LAUN* *EMICAL AG5TS1 IMPACT MUNITIONS1 & M>K+ R\NDS AT PEOPLE4 ,!SE >E 4#f#h CALIB] AIR-P[]$ RIFLES & H&GUNS4 ,AT ONE TIME1 !SE W]E US$ ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY TO %OOT PEPP]-BALLS & PA9TBALLS AT PROTE/]S1 BUT IT WASN'T LONG BE=E ONE MANUFACTUR] ADD$ IMPACT MUNITIONS TO ! PROJECTILES BY =GO+ A R\ND BALL & MAK+ F9-/ABILIZ$ PROJECTILES ?AT CONTA9 BO? *EMICAL AG5TS & 5\< METAL TO HURT4 

,!RE SEEM TO BE TWO PRIM>Y MANUFACTUR]S ( 4#f#h CALIB] 0LESS LE?AL0 WEAPONS & AMMUNITION3 ,PEPP]BALL & ,F,N ,H]/AL4 ,WE WILL FOCUS ON EA* ONE'S FLAG%IP RIFLE AS AN EXAMPLE1 BUT POLICE MI<T BE >M$ ) OLD] MODELS ( !SE WEAPONS1 ! PI/OL V]SIONS ( !SE WEAPONS1 OR SY/EMS FROM O!R COMPANIES 5TIRELY4 ,! PI/OL V]SION ( ! ,PEPP]BALL SY/EM SEEMS TO BE EV5 LESS ACCURATE ?AN O!R OPTIONS4 

,!RE >E ALSO A L>GE NUMB] ( 0RIOT BALL0-/YLE MUNITIONS DESIGN$ TO BE FIR$ FROM AIR RIFLES_/PA9TBALL GUNS 79CLUD+ 4#f#h CALIB] & 4#e CALIB]71 ?\< WE HAVE NOT COLLECT$ EVID5CE ( !IR USE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,!SE MI<T BE ANY?+ FROM SOLID RUBB] BALLS TO ,P,V,C- OR NYLON-COAT$ /EEL PELLETS TO ,D-%AP$ PROJECTILES ?AT USE 0,FIR/ ,/RIKE0 PA9TBALL GUNS = 9CREAS$ ACCURACY4 

,!RE IS A LOT ( ANECDOTAL 9=MATION AB\T PA9TBALL PLAY]S SUFF]+ EYE DAMAGE FROM ORD9>Y PA9TBALLS4 ,!SE SMALL] PROJECTILES MAY BE ESPECIALLY DANG]\S 9 DEMON/RATIONS4 ,?AT'S A GOOD REASON TO WE> GOGGLES4 

,( ! TWO WEAPON SY/EMS KN[N TO BE EMPLOY$ BY ,U,S LAW 5=CEM5T1 ! ,F,N#c#c SEEMS TO BE SUB/ANTIALLY MORE DANG]\S 9 T]MS ( PA91 9JURY1 & DEA?1 :ILE ! ,PEPP]BALL SY/EM IS MORE TACTICALLY V]SATILE4 

,F,N#c#c 

,EFFECTIVE RANGE3 #e M 

,MAXIMUM RANGE3 #a M 

,CALIB]3 4#f#h 

,MAGAZ9E CAPACITY3 #ae 

,WEI<T3 #e P\NDS 

,VELOCITY3 #b#i#e-#c FPS 

,5]GY3 #ce ,J\LES 

,LI/ PRICE3 @s#a#f#i#i 

,AMMUNITION LI/ PRICE3 @s#b4#h#e-@s#d4#f#e_/R\ND 7PA9T R\NDS >E *EAP]1 *EMICAL WEAPON R\NDS MORE EXP5SIVE7 

,! ,F,N#c#c IS A GUN ?AT USES COMPRESS$ AIR TO FIRE R\NDS AT T>GETS4 ,:ILE ! ACTUAL B>REL IS SMALL1 FIR+ A 4#f#h0 PROJECTILE LIKE O!R PA9TBALL & PEPP]-BALL GUNS1 ! ,F,N#c#c LOOKS A BIT LIKE A GR5ADE LAUN*] FROM SOME ANGLES BECAUSE ! COMPRESS$ AIR TANK SITS ABOVE ! B>REL & CAN BE MI/AK5 = A L>G] B>REL ITSELF4 ,IT FIRES POLY/YR5E PROJECTILES ?AT >E F9-/ABILIZ$ = ACCURACY4 ,EA* PROJECTILE HAS A FRONT SECTION CONTA9+ T9Y PELLETS ( BISMU? & A RE> SECTION CONTA9+ ! PAYLOAD4 ,BISMU? IS ESS5TIALLY A NONTOXIC ALT]NATIVE TO LEAD4 ,! FRONT SECTION IS DESIGN$ TO DELIV] TRAUMA )\T SK9 P5ETRATION2 BUT TE/S ON BALLI/IC GEL IMPLY ?AT IT (T5 P5ETRATES SK9 REG>DLESS1 & PROTE/]S 9 ,PORTL& HAVE F\ND ?AT ! R\NDS CAN P5ETRATE BICYCLE HELMETS4 ,BISMU? PELLETS CAN P5ETRATE SK9 & /AY EMB$D$ = WEEKS UNTIL MANUALLY REMOV$4 

,! ,F,N#c#c HAS A #a0 B>REL 7%ORT] ?AN A RIFLE7 & A #a#e-R\ND DRUM MAGAZ9E4 ,! AIR TANK CAN FIRE UP TO #aa %OTS BE=E IT NE$S REFILL+4 ,! SAFETY IS 9SIDE ! TRIGG] GU>D4 ,! 5TIRE DEVICE CAN BE REMOV$ FROM ITS /OCK & M\NT$ UND]B>REL ON A RIFLE1 AL?\< =TUNATELY1 WE HAVE NOT SE5 ANY EVID5CE ( CIVILIAN POLICE DO+ SO4 ,IT IS ALSO AVAILABLE 9 A PI/OL =MAT1 ) A SIX-R\ND MAGAZ9E ?AT CONTA9S A DISPOSABLE C>BON DIOXIDE C>TRIDGE ?AT P[]S ! GUN4 

,EA* ,F,N#c#c PROJECTILE WEI<S #h4#e GRAMS4 ,!RE >E FIVE V]SIONS ON ! M>KET1 EA* COLOR-COD$4 ,:ITE PROJECTILES CONTA9 9]T P[D] & >E US$ = TRA9+2 CLE> PROJECTILES HAVE NO RE> PAYLOAD & >E ONLY US$ TO HURT PEOPLE2 ORANGE PROJECTILES CONTA9 ,P,A,V,A P[D] 7SYN!TIC PEPP] SPRAY--SEE BEL[72 P9K PROJECTILES CONTA9 A P9K1 WAT]-SOLUBLE1 WA%ABLE PA9T = M>K+ T>GETS2 YELL[ PROJECTILES CONTA9 A YELL[1 LATEX-BAS$1 9DELIBLE PA9T = M>K+ T>GETS ?AT CANNOT AS EASILY BE WA%$ (F4 ,! PROJECTILES HAVE A %ELF LIFE ( ?REE YE>S :5 KEPT 9 !IR ORIG9AL1 FOIL-L9$ PACKAG+4 

,9 #b#d1 A ,BO/ON POLICE (FIC] US$ AN ,F,N#c#c TO %OOT & KILL ,VICTORIA ,SNELGROVE4 ,! (FIC] WAS ALLEG$LY AIM+ AT SOMEONE ELSE 9 ! CR[D4 ,! PELLET 5T]$ H] EYE1 BREAK+ ?R\< BONE & 9JUR+ H] BRA94 ,%E DI$ ( H] 9JURIES A FEW H\RS LAT]4 ,/UDIES 9DICATE ?AT AN 9DIVIDUAL ,F,N#c#c LOSES ACCURACY AFT] A FEW HUNDR$ R\NDS HAVE BE5 FIR$ ?R\< IT2 ! ,F,N#c#c WAS ! WEAPON US$ 9 ! A=EM5TION$ /UDY %[+ H[ 9ACCURATE LESS LE?AL WEAPONS >E 9 ! H&S ( AN OP]ATOR 9 A /RESSFUL SITUATION4 ,! CITY ( ,BO/ON DISCONT9U$ ! USE ( ! ,F,N#c#c AS A RESULT1 AS DID SEV]AL O!R CITIES4 ,BO/ON APP>5TLY MELT$ !IRS D[N TO MAKE MANHOLE COV]S4 ,AS ( ?IS WRIT+1 ,PORTL& POLICE CONT9UE TO EMPLOY ! ,F,N#c#c1 AS MANY O!R DEP>TM5TS >\ND ! C\NTRY PRESUMABLY DO4 

,9 ,LUXEMB\RG1 9 #b#i1 POLICE US+ ,F,N#c#cS = ! FIR/ TIME %OT & BROKE A J\RNALI/'S F+]4 

,9 #b#b1 ,PORTL& POLICE %OT A ,NATIONAL ,GEOGRAPHIC FILMMAK] ) AN ,F,N#c#c R\ND2 IT BROKE ! PLA/IC L5S ON HIS ,CZE* ,M#a GAS MASK1 LAC]AT+ HIS EYE & NECESSITAT+ SURG]Y4 ,WEEKS LAT]1 ! BISMU? PELLETS W]E /ILL EMB$D$ 9 ! SK9 ( HIS FACE1 LOOK+ LIKE SMALL BLACKHEADS ?AT HE HAS BE5 REMOV+ HIMSELF ) A NE$LE4 

,PEPP]BALL ,V,K,S 

,EFFECTIVE RANGE ( PEPP]-BALLS3 #b M 

,EFFECTIVE RANGE ( ,V,X,R PROJECTILES3 #e M 

,CALIB]3 4#f#h 

,MAGAZ9E CAPACITY3 #a-#a#e R\NDS 9 MAGAZ9E1 #ah R\NDS 9 HOPP] 

,WEI<T3 #f4#b P\NDS )\T HOPP] 

,5]GY3 ,ADJU/ABLE BETWE5 #a-#b#h J\LES 

,VELOCITY3 #b#h-#d#b#e FPS 

,LI/ PRICE3 >\ND @s#a#b 

,AMMUNITION LI/ PRICE3 UNKN[N 

,! ,PEPP]BALL ,V,K,S 7,V>IABLE ,K9ETIC ,SY/EM7 IS ESS5TIALLY A PA9TBALL GUN DESIGN$ TO LOOK & FUNCTION LIKE AN ,>-#a#e & TO FIRE PA9TBALLS FULL ( PEPP] SPRAY OR O!R R\NDS4 ,! US] CAN SWIT* BETWE5 FE$+ !M VIA A RIFLE-/YLE MAGAZ9E 7:I* CAN HOLD PEPP]-BALLS OR %AP$ R\NDS7 OR A PA9TBALL-/YLE HOPP] 7?AT HOLDS ONLY PEPP]-BALLS7 BY ROTAT+ ! B>REL4 ,!Y CAN ALSO USE TWO DIFF]5T COMPRESS$ AIR S\RCES3 ! /OCK ITSELF IS A COMPRESS$ #a#cCI ,H,P,A AIR CANI/] OR A REMOTE AIR L9E CAN CONNECT TO ANY COMPRESS$ AIR TANK4 ,ONL9E =UMS SUGGE/ A WIDE RANGE ( H[ MANY %OTS ONE CAN GET FROM A #a#cCI TANK1 E/IMAT+ BETWE5 #h-#b#e4 ,! ,>-/YLE SAFETY SWIT* HAS ?REE MODES3 7,S7 ,SAFETY1 7,F7 ,FIRE1 & 7,D7 ,DISASSEMBLE4 ,A VELOCITY ADJU/M5T SCREW SITS ABOVE ! TRIGG] ON ! RI<T SIDE4 ,! ,V,K,S COMES 9 BLACK-&-YELL[1 BLACK-&-ORANGE1 & ALL BLACK4 

,! MANUFACTUR]'S GUIDEL9ES SAY ?AT ! WEAPON IS NOT TO BE FIR$ AT ! HEAD1 FACE1 EYES1 E>S1 ?ROAT1 OR SP9E4 

,POLICE DEP>TM5TS USE PEPP]-BALLS = DIRECT IMPACT AS WELL AS >EA SATURATION4 ,A ,D5V] ,P,D TRA9] SAYS ?AT ! POLICE USE PEPP]-BALLS TO SATURATE AN >EA ?AT W\LD O!RWISE BE DANG]\S TO APPROA*1 TO DRAW SUSPECTS \T FROM HID+ OR COV]4 

,! RIFLE FIRES TWO TYPES ( AMMUNITION3 R\ND PEPP]-BALLS1 LOAD$ FROM ! HOPP] OR MAGAZ9E1 :I* >E ACCURATE UP TO #b MET]S1 & ! NEW] =M ( AMMUNITION1 ,V,X,R-%AP$ PROJECTILES1 :I* >E ONLY LOAD$ FROM ! MAGAZ9E4 ,! ,V,X,R PROJECTILES >E ACCURATE UP TO #e MET]S1 AS !Y >E F9-/ABILIZ$4 

,?IS RIFLE CAN FIRE PROJECTILES AT SPE$S ( UP TO #dbe FPS4 ,= COMP>ISON1 MO/ PA9TBALL FIELDS LIMIT GUNS TO #b#hFPS = SAFETY4 

,EA* R\ND IS COLOR-COD$4 ,! %ELF LIFE ( AMMUNITION IS #c YE>S4 

,PEPP]-BALLS3 #b#h-#c#e FPS1 #a#b-#a#e J\LES1 #b MET] ACCURACY1 #e MET]S"4 >EA SATURATION 

,:ITE & R$3 ,L,I,V,E1 4#e.0 ,P,A,V,A 7SYN!TIC PEPP] SPRAY7 

,BLACK & R$3 ,L,I,V,E-,X1 #e.0 ,P,A,V,A 

,:ITE & BLUE3 ,C,S1 #b4#e.0 ,C,S 7TE> GAS7 

,BLUE & R$3 ,C,S_/,P,A,V,A1 #a4#b#e.0 ,C,S & #a4#b#e.0 ,P,A,V,A 

,:ITE & PURPLE3 ,9]T1 US$ = TRA9+ OR JU/ TO HURT PEOPLE 

,SOLID GRE53 M>K+1 CONTA9S PA9T = ID5TIFICATION 

,SOLID :ITE_/BEIGE3 GLASS BREAK]1 DESIGN$ TO %ATT] GLASS & !N ITSELF %ATT]1 NOT DESIGN$ = USE ON PEOPLE OR ANIMALS 

,CLE>3 WAT]-FILL$1 US$ = TRA9+ OR JU/ TO HURT PEOPLE 

,ALSO CLE>3 ,U,V M>K+1 US$ TO M>K PEOPLE ) 9K ?AT CAN ONLY BE DETECT$ UND] ,U,V LI<T 

,V,X,R R\NDS3 #b#h-#d#b#e FPS1 #a#b-#b#h J\LES1 #e MET] ACCURACY1 #ac MET]"4 >EA SATURATION 

,R$ & ORANGE-R$3 ,V,X,R ,LIVE1 4#b#e.0 ,P,A,V,A 

,R$ & BLACK3 ,V,X,R ,LIVE-,X1 #b4#e.0 ,P,A,V,A 

,BLUE & BLACK3 ,V,X,R ,C,S1 #a4#b#e.0 ,C,S 

,BLUE & R$3 ,V,X,R ,C,S_/,P,A,V,A1 4#f#b#e.0 ,C,S ,P[D] & 4#f#b#e.0 ,P,A,V,A ,P[D] 

,PURPLE3 ,V,X,R 9]T P[D]1 US$ = TRA9+ OR JU/ TO HURT PEOPLE 

,:ITE & BLACK3 ,V,X,R 9]T LIQUID1 US$ = TRA9+2 MI<T CONTA9+ M>K+ PA9T--DOCUM5TATION IS UNCLE> 

,D>K BLUE & BLACK3 ,V,X,R M>K+1 CONTA9S PA9T = ID5TIFICATION 

,ALSO :ITE & BLACK3 ,V,X,R ,U,V M>K+1 US$ TO M>K PEOPLE ) 9K ?AT CAN ONLY BE DETECT$ UND] ,U,V LI<T 

#a#b-,GAUGE ,%OTGUN 

,A L>GE NUMB] ( LESS-LE?AL PROJECTILES >E FIR$ FROM #a#b-GAUGE %OTGUNS4 ,BEANBAG R\NDS >E ! MO/ COMMON1 BUT RUBB] BALL R\NDS EXI/1 AS DO BATON R\NDS1 AS DO MUZZLE BLA/S--A MEANS ( DISP]S+ *EMICAL AG5TS DIRECTLY FROM ! B>REL ( ! GUN1 %OOT+ A CL\D ( DU/ #a-#a#e FEET OR SO4 

,NOTE ?AT ! TITLE 0RIOT %OTGUN0 DOES NOT APPLY TO D$ICAT$ LESS-LE?AL %OTGUNS BUT 9/EAD DESCRIBES %OTGUNS ?AT >E DESIGN$ = DEF5SIVE FI<T+1 9 CONTRA/ TO A HUNT+ %OTGUN = HUNT+ OR A TACTICAL %OTGUN = (F5SIVE COMBAT4 

,WE HAVE NOT F\ND EVID5CE ?AT !RE IS ANY OV]SI<T 9 ! ,U,S ?AT REQUIRES POLICE DEP>TM5TS TO USE D$ICAT$ LESS-LE?AL %OTGUNS1 ?\< MO/ DEP>TM5TS DO4 ,D$ICAT$ LESS-LE?AL %OTGUNS >E G5]ALLY DESIGNAT$ BY ! USE ( BRI<T ORANGE1 R$1 OR O!R COLOR FURNITURE 7I4E41 ! \T] P>TS ( A FIRE>M7 ON ! /OCK &_/OR ! =E 5D 7! P>T Y\ PUMP ON A PUMP-ACTION %OTGUN74 ,:ILE SOME MODELS ( %OTGUN >E SOLD SPECIFICALLY = LESS-LE?AL USE1 MANY DEP>TM5TS RETR(IT EXI/+ MODELS TO COLOR-CODE !M 9/EAD4 ,?IS MAKES IT H>D TO (F] SPECIFICS AB\T :AT %OTGUNS >E 9 USE4 

,MO/ POLICE %OTGUNS >E PUMP-ACTION %OTGUNS1 AS !SE 5ABLE !M TO FIRE A WID] V>IETY ( AMMUNITION4 ,A SEMI-AUTOMATIC %OTGUN USUALLY USES ! BL[BACK FROM ! %ELL TO *AMB] ! NEXT %ELL1 & ?AT AM\NT ( =CE IS IRREGUL> IF DIFF]5T TYPES ( AMMUNITION >E US$1 CAUS+ FE$+ PROBLEMS & JAMM+4 

,MO/ POLICE %OTGUNS APPE> TO HAVE EI!R #a#d0 OR #a#h0 B>RELS4 ,IT IS ILLEGAL = A CIVILIAN TO [N A #a#d0 B>REL %OTGUN )\T FIL+ F$]AL PAP]WORK = A %ORT-B>REL$ %OTGUN4 ,MO/ PUMP-ACTION %OTGUNS HOLD BETWE5 #d & #h %ELLS4 ,ONE LESS-LE?AL #a#h0 %OTGUN WE F\ND HELD #f"4#a3 ?AT IS1 SIX %ELLS 9 ! MAGAZ9E TUBE & ONE *AMB]$4 

,H[EV]1 WE HAVE RECEIV$ REPORTS ON ! GR\ND ( POLICE US+ FULL-L5G? HUNT+ %OTGUNS1 PRESUMABLY ) B>REL L5G?S ( #bf OR #bh 9*ES4 ,ONE COMRADE 9 ,CLEVEL& REPORTS ?AT !SE W]E BE+ C>RI$ PRIM>ILY = 9TIMIDATION PURPOSES1 :ILE ! SAME DEP>TM5T FIR$ ACTUAL LESS-LE?AL R\NDS \T ( #a#h0 B>REL %OTGUNS 9/EAD4 ,! LONG] ! B>REL ( A FIRE>M1 ! MORE ACCURATE IT WILL BE1 BUT ALSO ! FA/] ! PROJECTILE WILL GO & MORE P[]FUL ! IMPACT WILL LIKELY BE4.<#b.> 

,B>RICADE R\NDS CAN BE LAUN*$ FROM A #a#b-GAUGE %OTGUN4 ,!Y >E NOT DESIGN$ = FIR+ DIRECTLY AT PEOPLE4 ,DESPITE ?IS1 S9CE !Y >E LOAD$ 9TO LESS-LE?AL %OTGUNS1 (FIC]S HAVE KILL$ MULTIPLE PEOPLE ) DIRECT %OTS1 PRESUMABLY UN9T5TIONALLY4 ,RELAT$LY1 0BREA*+ R\NDS0 >E DESIGN$ TO DE/ROY LOCKS & DOORS4 ,!SE >E %OTGUN R\NDS G5]ALLY COMPRIS$ ( SMALL METAL %OT1 OR METAL P[D]1 (T5 LEAD1 SUSP5D$ 9 A M$IUM LIKE WAX4 ,! IDEA IS ?AT ! R\ND MA9TA9S RIGIDITY UNTIL IMPACT1 EXPELS 5]GY 9TO A H+E1 LOCK1 OR DOORFRAME1 !N FRAGM5TS 9TO A P[D] AFT] IMPACT4 

,) BO? B>RICADE R\NDS & BREA*+ R\NDS1 ! 9JURIES RESULT FROM ! 9ITIAL IMPACT1 :I* CAN TRANSF] A LE?AL AM\NT ( 5]GY 9TO A T>GET4 

,SEV]AL MANUFACTUR]S ( POLICE MUNITIONS SELL 0GR5ADE LAUN*+ CUPS0 ?AT ATTA* TO ! MUZZLE ( #a#b-GAUGE %OTGUNS1 5ABL+ POLICE TO LAUN* GR5ADES ?AT >E ORD9>ILY ?R[N BY H&4 ,!SE >E US$ BY ATTA*+ ! CUP TO ! 5D ( ! B>REL & LOAD+ SPECIAL LAUN*+ C>TRIDGES 9TO ! GUN4 

#c#gMM & #dMM ,LAUN*]S 

,! MAJORITY ( RIOT MUNITIONS--9CLUD+ TE> GAS CANI/]S1 MUZZLE BLA/S1 BATON R\NDS1 FLA%-BANGS1 & M>K+ R\NDS-->E FIR$ FROM DEVICES DESIGN$ AS GR5ADE LAUN*]S4 ,= ! PURPOSE ( DISAMBIGUATION1 WE'RE GO+ TO REF] TO !M AS 0MULTI-LAUN*]S10 AS SOME SITES CALL !M1 BECAUSE !Y FIRE A WIDE RANGE ( DEVICES1 NOT JU/ GR5ADES4 ,!SE >E ALSO SOMETIMES CALL$ 0RIOT GUNS0 OR 0LESS-LE?AL LAUN*]S10 BUT 0RIOT GUN0 IS (T5 US$ 9 ! ,U,S TO DESCRIBE LE?AL 0RIOT %OTGUNS40 

,!RE >E TWO COMMON CALIB]S ( MULTI-LAUN*]S1 #c#gMM & #dMM4 ,TRADITIONALLY1 #dMM LAUN*]S >E SE5 AS 0MILIT>Y0 & #c#gMM LAUN*]S AS 0CIVILIAN10 BUT ! POLICE EMPLOY BO? & ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! TWO SEEM TO BE M9OR4 ,IT CAN BE LEGAL = A CIVILIAN 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO [N A #c#gMM LAUN*] SO LONG AS ! MUNITIONS !Y USE ) IT >E NOT ANTI-P]SONNEL2 FL>ES & FIREWORKS >E LEGAL1 :ILE BATON R\NDS >E NOT4 ,!RE >E ALSO #c#hMM MUNITIONS1 & MO/ #c#gMM LESS-LE?AL LAUN*]S WE'VE SE5 >E ADV]TIS$ AS FIR+ #c#hMM MUNITIONS AS WELL4 #c#hMM MUNITIONS MI<T BE MORE COMMON \TSIDE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,ALL #dMM GR5ADES US$ 9 PROTE/ SITUATIONS SEEM TO FIT ! 0#dX#d#fMM0 ,N,A,T,O /&>D = L[-VELOCITY GR5ADES1 :I* IS ! /&>D US$ = H&HELD LAUN*]S1 UNLIKE ! #dX#e#cMM HI<-VELOCITY GR5ADES ?AT >E G5]ALLY FIR$ FROM M\NT$ & CREW-S]V$ WEAPONS 7I4E41 GUNS ?AT >E DESIGN$ TO BE OP]AT$ BY TWO OR MORE PEOPLE AT A TIME74 ,! AMMUNITION IS NOT 9T]*ANGEABLE BETWE5 !SE SY/EMS4 

,MANY MULTI-LAUN*] PROJECTILES >E FIR$ ) BLACK P[D]1 RA!R ?AN MORE MOD]N GUNP[D]1 :I* CAUSES SP>KS & SMOKE4 ,?IS IS DONE BECAUSE !SE PROJECTILES >E MORE FRAGILE ?AN MO/ MOD]N AMMUNITION4 ,SOME >E AVAILABLE 9 0SMOKELESS0 MODELS ?AT1 PRESUMABLY1 USE ,E,C SMOKELESS P[D]1 A SLI<TLY MORE MOD]N V>IANT ( BLACK P[D] ?AT PRODUCES LESS SMOKE4 

,:5 PEOPLE REPORT ) %OCK ?AT POLICE :O WORK AT PUBLIC S*OOLS HAVE 0GR5ADE LAUN*]S10 ?IS LIKELY MEANS MULTI-LAUN*]S4 ,! POLICE PROBABLY DON'T PLAN TO FIRE LIVE GR5ADES AT /UD5TS2 RA!R1 !Y PLAN TO POISON !M ) *EMICAL WEAPONS ?AT >E EXPLICITLY BANN$ = USE 9 W> BY ! ,G5EVA ,CONV5TION4 

,PI/OL-/YLE LAUN*]S EXI/1 BUT >E G5]ALLY DESIGN$ ONLY = MUZZLE BLA/S4 

,FULL-SIZE LAUN*]S >E USUALLY EI!R BREE*-LOAD$ S+LE-%OT GUNS 79 :I* ! B>REL H+ES AWAY FROM ! H&LE & A S+LE R\ND IS 9S]T$7 OR DRUM-F$ V]SIONS ?AT LOOK LIKE GIGANTIC REVOLV]S4 ,!SE REVOLV]S >E USUALLY ADVANC$ BY A PUMP ACTION1 RA!R ?AN A TRIGG] AS 9 A CONV5TIONAL REVOLV]4 ,!SE T5D TO HOLD BETWE5 #d TO #f R\NDS1 DEP5D+ ON ! MODEL4 ,SOME >E RIFL$ TO SP9 PROJECTILES = BETT] ACCURACY4 ,9T]NATIONALLY1 MANY HAVE WOOD5 /OCKS & LOOK MORE LIKE TRADITIONAL RIFLES1 :ILE MO/ ( :AT WE'VE SE5 9 ! ,U,S >E 0TACTICAL0 /YLE GUNS ) PI/OL GRIPS 9 ADDITION TO /OCKS AS WELL AS V]TICAL =E GRIPS--A /YLE ?AT IS NOT LEGAL = CIVILIANS )\T SPECIAL P]MISSION4 

,LAUN*]S CAN ALSO BE M\NT$ UND] ! B>REL ( A RIFLE1 RA!R ?AN OP]AT+ AS /&ALONE DEVICES4 ,?IS /YLE IS 9 COMMON USE 9 MILIT>Y SITUATIONS BUT DOES NOT SEEM TO BE COMMON AMONG LAW 5=CEM5T4 

,CANI/]S & ,GR5ADES 

,= ! PURPOSE ( ?IS >TICLE1 WE >E DI/+UI%+ 0CANI/]S10 DESIGN$ TO BE FIR$ FROM LAUN*]S1 FROM 0GR5ADES0 ?AT >E DESIGN$ TO BE ?R[N BY H&4 ,9 REALITY1 !RE IS NO SU* CLE> DI/9CTION4 ,SOME WEAPONS >E DESIGN$ TO BE ?R[N OR ROLL$ BY H&1 :ILE O!RS >E DESIGN$ TO BE LOAD$ 9TO MULTI-LAUN*]S--BUT SOME >E DESIGN$ = BO?4 

,GR5ADES >E (T5 US$ TO DISP]SE *EMICAL AG5TS &_/OR IMPACT MUNITIONS1 P>TICUL>LY RUBB] BALLS4 ,O!R GR5ADES >E 0DI/RACTION DEVICES10 G5]ALLY REF]R$ TO AS FLA%-BANGS4 ,MANY COMB9E !SE FUNCTIONS4 

,WE'VE F\ND AT LEA/ ?REE BODY /YLES = POLICE GR5ADES4 ,!RE IS ! BALL GR5ADE1 :I* LOOKS LIKE A CLASSIC BASEBALL-/YLE MILIT>Y GR5ADE1 DESIGN$ TO BE ?R[N OR ROLL$4 ,!SE (T5 CONTA9 RUBB] BALL IMPACT MUNITIONS1 POSSIBLY PAIR$ ) *EMICAL WEAPONS1 :ILE O!RS >E TRADITIONAL PYROTE*NIC TE> GAS GR5ADES4 ,!RE >E ! 0L[ ROLL0 BODY GR5ADES1 :I* >E CYL9D]S ) L>GE HEX-%AP$ 5DS ?AT M9IMIZE ! DI/ANCE ! GR5ADE WILL ROLL4 ,!N !RE >E ! REGUL> CANI/] GR5ADES1 :I* APPE> TO BE ! MO/ COMMON /YLE4 ,!SE CAN BE ( ANY DIAMET]1 BUT #c#g_/#c#hM1 #dMM1 #d#eMM1 & #fMM SEEM TO BE ! MO/ COMMON4 

,GAS GR5ADES & CANI/]S CAN DISP]SE *EMICAL AG5TS ?R\< A NUMB] ( ME?ODS4 ,! MO/ COMMON IS ! CLASSIC PYROTE*NIC DISP]SAL1 :I* WORKS BY CREAT+ A FIRE 9SIDE ! CANI/] ?AT RELEASES ! *EMICAL AG5T AS SMOKE4 ,!SE CANI/]S >E V]Y HOT & CAN SP>K & />T O!R FIRES4 

,ANO!R DISP]SAL ME?OD1 US$ MORE (T5 BY ,O,C CANI/]S ?AN ,C,S CANI/]S1 IS A]OSOL DISP]SAL 7SOMETIMES CALL$ 0FLAMELESS EXPULSION074 ,RELEAS+ SOME?+ MORE AK9 TO A MI/ ?AN A SMOKE1 !SE >E MORE COMMONLY US$ 9DOORS1 :]E PYROTE*NIC CANI/]S W\LD BE LESS CONV5I5T4 ,AS BE/ AS WE >E ABLE TO DET]M9E1 !SE >E G5]ALLY NOT US$ AS MU* \TSIDE BECAUSE !Y PRODUCE LESS D5SE CONC5TRATIONS ( *EMICAL AG5TS4 

,F9ALLY1 !RE >E 9/ANTANE\S BLA/ CANI/]S1 :I* EXPLODE ALL AT ONCE & RELEASE !IR PAYLOAD AS A P[D]4 ,!SE >E DESIGN$ = 9SIDE OR \TSIDE USE1 BUT AS ! DU/ IS EASILY DISP]S$ BY W9D1 !Y >E 9T5D$ PRIM>ILY = USE AGA9/ D5SE CR[DS ( PEOPLE1 :5 PYROTE*NIC GR5ADES >E LESS EFFECTIVE1 EI!R [+ TO ?R[BACK POT5TIAL OR ! RISK ( />T+ UN9T5TIONAL FIRES4 ,!SE CANI/]S >E EASILY ID5TIFI$ AFT] ! FACT BECAUSE !Y >E SPLIT OP5 ALONG ! SIDES4 

,GAS DISP]SAL CANI/]S >E (T5 DESIGN$ TO SEP>ATE 9TO A NUMB] ( SUB-MUNITIONS1 LIKE ! 0TRIPLE *AS]0 FROM ,DEF5SE ,TE*NOLOGY ?AT SPLITS 9TO ?REE SMALL] TE> GAS CANI/]S4 ,?IS IS DONE TO MAKE IT MORE WORK = US TO ?R[ !M BACK OR D\SE !M ) WAT]4 

HTTPS3_/_/TWITT]4COM_/COMRADECAM]A_//ATUS_/#a#c#e#b#a#e#b#e#e#e#i#c#c#i#g#h#f#b#g 

,LESS-LE?AL GR5ADES >E G5]ALLY EQUIPP$ ) FUZES LIKE ANY MILIT>Y GR5ADE3 ! US] PULLS A P91 :I* MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO RELEASE A LEV] ?AT IS GRIPP$ 9 ! H&4 ,ONCE ! LEV] IS RELEAS$1 ! FUZE IS IGNIT$4 ,:ILE FUZES C\LD BE ( V>Y+ L5G?1 WE HAVE F\ND TWO SECOND DELAYS TO BE COMMON3 A #a4#e-SECOND DELAY BE=E ! FUZE IS IGNIT$1 !N 4#e SECONDS = ! FUZE ITSELF4 ,ON AT LEA/ SOME MODELS1 ! FUZE ASSEMBLY EJECTS ITSELF BE=E ! PAYLOAD IS IGNIT$ SO ?AT IT DOES NOT BECOME A PROJECTILE4 

,SOME GR5ADES COME ) ADDITIONAL SAFETY CLIPS ?AT PREV5T ! FUZE FROM BE+ PULL$ :ILE ! GR5ADE IS BE+ C>RI$4 ,SOME COME ) WAT]-RESI/ANT BODIES = HI<-HUMIDITY 5VIRONM5TS4 ,SOME1 P>TICUL>LY FLA%-BANGS1 >E RELOADABLE4 ,PEOPLE HAVE REPORT$ SEE+ POLICE COMB+ ! >EA AFT] PROTE/S & PICK+ UP C]TA9 SP5T MUNITIONS4 ,IT'S POSSIBLE !Y >E DO+ ?IS TO CONCEAL ! USE ( SOME P>TICUL>LY EGREGI\S WEAPONS 7SU* AS ,D,M GAS71 BUT IT'S ALSO POSSIBLE !Y >E RECOV]+ RELOADABLE GR5ADES4 

,GR5ADES CAN ALSO BE 0COMM& 9ITIAT$0 9/EAD ( LIT BY A FUZE4 ,?IS SY/EM SEEMS TO BE MORE COMMON 9 TACTICAL SITUATIONS1 SU* AS H\SE RAIDS1 RA!R ?AN AT DEMON/RATIONS ?AT >E MORE DYNAMIC4 ,?IS SY/EM 9VOLVES ATTA*+ A TUBE TO ! GR5ADE TO ALL[ = 9/ANTANE\S1 REMOTE DETONATION4 

,SPRAYS & ,FOGG]S 

,9 ADDITION TO FIR+ CANI/]S ?AT RELEASE *EMICALS AS SMOKE1 POLICE ALSO SPRAY PEOPLE DIRECTLY ) *EMICALS ) H&HELD DEVICES4 ,! TWO *EMICALS WE'VE F\ND 9 \R RESE>* >E ,O,C 7PEPP] SPRAY7 & ,C,S 7A TE> GAS71 BUT ALMO/ ANY *EMICAL AG5T CAN BE A]OSOLIZ$ & SPRAY$4 ,DEP5D+ ON ! MANUFACTUR]1 ! *EMICAL IRRITANT1 & ! SPRAY PATT]N1 !SE CAN EMPLOY ANY NUMB] ( PROPELLANTS1 SU* AS COMPRESS$ AIR1 NITROG51 OR ! REFRIG]ATION *EMICAL OM9\SLY NAM$ #a#c#dA4 ,!RE >E NUM]\S SPRAY PATT]NS1 FROM ! SIMPLE 0/REAM0 PATT]N TO CONES1 FOG 7OR 0VAPOR071 & EV5 FOAM4 

,*EMICAL SPRAYS1 UNLIKE PYROTE*NIC DISP]SAL ME?ODS ?AT DISP]SE A P[D]$ IRRITANT1 G5]ALLY A]OSOLIZE A LIQUID =M ( ! *EMICAL4 ,?IS CAN BE WAT]-BAS$ OR OIL-BAS$2 CONSEQU5TLY1 *EMICAL WEAPON PROTECTION %\LD BE RAT$ AGA9/ OIL-BORNE P>TICULATES 7,P#a FILT]S 9/EAD ( ,N#a FILT]S74 ,FOGG]S USE A LIQUID =MULATION AS WELL1 BUT A]OSOLIZE ?IS LIQUID PYROTE*NICALLY 7! WAY A FOG MA*9E DOES7 RA!R ?AN BY US+ AN A]OSOL GAS4 

,*EMICAL SPRAYS COME 9 A RANGE ( DIFF]5T CONC5TRATIONS & IT W\LD BE DIFFICULT TO ANTICIPATE :I* IS ONES LAW 5=CEM5T >E UTILIZ+ )\T RESE>*4 ,TO MAKE MATT]S MORE COMPLICAT$1 ! /R5G? ( ,O,C 7! MO/ COMMON SPRAY$ IRRITANT7 IS NOTORI\SLY DIFFICULT TO ID5TIFY4 ,MANUFACTUR]S' CLAIMS >E NOT REGULAT$1 & !RE >E MANY DIFF]5T TYPES ( CAPSAIC9OIDS ?AT MI<T BE PRES5T 9 A GIV5 V>IANT ( ,O,C GAS4 ,!RE IS PROBABLY 9T]NAL CONSI/5CY )9 EA* MANUFACTUR]'S L9E ( WEAPONS1 BUT ?AT'S AB\T IT4 ,ONE MANUFACTUR]'S #b.0 SPRAY MI<T BE MORE P[]FUL ?AN ANO!R'S #d.0 SPRAY4 ,?OSE NUMB]S >E ALMO/ MEAN+LESS ON !IR [N4 

,SMALL H&HELD CANI/]S ) A BUTTON ON TOP SEEM TO BE ACCURATE FROM #a-#a#b FEET1 :ILE L>G] CANI/]S ) A TRIGG] ASSEMBLY SEEM TO BE ACCURATE UP TO #a#e-#b FEET1 AL?\< ?IS DIFF]S FROM MANUFACTUR] TO MANUFACTUR]4 ,MANY SPRAY SY/EMS ALSO CONTA9 VISIBLE OR ,U,V REACTIVE DYES TO M>K T>GETS4 ,U,V DYE IS P>TICUL>LY COMMON 9 CIVILIAN SELF-DEF5SE SPRAY1 :ILE POLICE 9 ,SEATTLE & O!R CITIES >E KN[N TO USE VISIBLE DYE TO M>K DEMON/RATORS = >RE/4 

,!RE >E L>G] CANI/]S ?AT OP]ATE ON ! SAME PR9CIPLES AS ! SMALL] ONES4 ,!SE (T5 LOOK MORE LIKE FULL-SIZE FIRE EXT+UI%]S4 ,!N !RE >E BACKPACK DEVICES ) SEP>ATE SPRAY NOZZLES & TANKS--! 0,<O/BU/]S0 V>IETY1 AS SOME HAVE CALL$ !M4 ,!SE CAN OP]ATE ) EI!R P[D] OR LIQUID *EMICALS2 AT LEA/ ONE MODEL HAS AN EFFECTIVE RANGE ( #de FEET4 ,PORTL& POLICE HAVE BE5 SE5 TO CONCEAL BACKPACK *EMICAL FOGG]S 9SIDE AN UNM>K$ BLACK BACKPACK ) A SPRAY NOZZLE ATTA*$ TO A HOSE PROTRUD+ FROM ! BOTTOM4 

HTTPS3_/_/TWITT]4COM_/,PR$ATOR,FILES_//ATUS_/#a#b#h#g#g#b#e#e#e#f#d#e#c#a#h#g#e#i 

,!RE >E ALSO DEVICES ?AT LOOK LIKE A CROSS BETWE5 A FOG MA*9E & A LEAF BL[] ?AT >E GAS-P[]$ & >E DESIGN$ TO FILL L>GE >EAS ) POISON4 ,LIKE ! BACKPACK FOGG]S1 !SE >E G5]ALLY DESIGN$ = USE 9 PRISONS1 NOT AT DEMON/RATIONS4 ,AS WE'VE SE5 REC5TLY1 H[EV]1 RIOT POLICE WILL (T5 USE ANY WEAPON AVAILABLE TO !M4 

,F9ALLY1 *EMICAL WEAPONS >E SOMETIMES MIX$ ) WAT] & DISP]S$ ?R\< FIRE HOSES OR WAT] CANNONS4 ,NONE ( US HAD SE5 ?IS ME?OD 9 USE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES UNTIL ! #bb PROTE/S 9 ,PORTL&4 ,*EMICAL BURNS ON A NE>BY TREE W]E CONSI/5T ) *LOR9E POISON+1 :I* C\LD BE ! RESULT ( EXPIR$ *EMI/RY4 ,?IS MEANS ( *EMICAL WEAPON DISP]SAL HAS BE5 US$ 9 ,HONG ,KONG1 ,?AIL&1 & ,TURKEY2 IT IS PRESUMABLY POSSIBLE 9 ANY C\NTRY ?AT USES WAT] CANNONS AGA9/ DEMON/RATORS4 

,C&LES 

,A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO1 :5 *EMICAL W>F>E WAS FIR/ EM]G+1 SOME POISON\S GASES W]E DISP]S$ BY 0C&LES10 :I* W\LD BURN & RELEASE GAS4 ,FUNCTIONALLY1 ?IS IS ! SAME ?+ AS A MOD]N TE> GAS GR5ADE1 :I* USES PYROTE*NICS TO DISP]SE *EMICAL P[D]2 ! PHRASE 0TE> GAS C&LE0 C\LD BE US$ TO DESCRIBE ANY PYROTE*NIC TE> GAS CANI/]4 

,YET 9 ! SUMM] ( #b#b1 WE SAW EI!R POLICE OR F$]AL AG5TS WALK+ ?R\< ! /REETS ( ,PORTL& HOLD+ A BURN+ OBJECT AT ! 5D ( A /ICK4 ,?IS LOOK$1 = ALL ! WORLD1 LIKE A C5SOR AT A ,CA?OLIC MASS ) SMOKE P\R+ \T ( IT4 

,WE DON'T KN[ = C]TA9 :E!R ?IS WAS A *EMICAL AG5T 7PROBABLY7 OR 9]T SMOKE1 BUT IT FEELS NOTEWOR?Y ?AT ! ONLY TE> GAS WE'VE COME ACROSS ?AT WAS DESIGN$ = DISP]SAL 9 0C&LES0 LIKE ?IS IS ,D,M GAS1 ! VOMIT GAS ?AT PROTE/]S BELIEVE IS 9 USE 9 ,PORTL&4 ,?IS W\LD M>K A MAJOR ESCALATION 9 ! =M ( *EMICAL W>F>E EMPLOY$ AGA9/ PROTE/]S4 

,*EMICAL ,WEAPONS 

,AS ) ALL MANY O!R LESS-LE?AL WEAPONS1 ! DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 CATEGORIES ( *EMICALS >E ACTUALLY QUITE BLURRY4 

,CONV5TIONAL P>LANCE DIVIDES *EMICAL WEAPONS 9 TWO CATEGORIES3 TE> GAS & PEPP] SPRAY4 ,:ILE !SE DI/9CTIONS EXI/1 !Y'RE NOT CLE>-CUT4 ,IF WE IMAG9E 0TE> GAS0 AS CL\DS ( SMOKE OR DU/ & 0PEPP] SPRAY0 AS *EMICAL SPRAYS1 ?IS IS REALLY A QUE/ION ( ME?ODS ( DISP]SAL1 NOT ! ACTUAL *EMICALS BE+ US$4 

,WE WILL DISCUSS SEV5 DIFF]5T *EMICALS H]E94 ,AL?\< SOME?+ LIKE FIFTE5 V>IETIES HAVE BE5 DEVELOP$1 WE WILL FOCUS ON ! MO/ COMMON ONES ?AT >E EI!R KN[N TO BE US$ AGA9/ DEMON/RATORS OR AT LEA/ WIDELY SUSPECT$ ( BE+ US$ ?US4 ,( ?OSE SEV51 FIVE ( !M >E USUALLY DISP]S$ AS GAS1 :ILE TWO USUALLY APPE> AS A *EMICAL SPRAY4 ,BUT IT'S POSSIBLE = ALMO/ ANY *EMICAL TO BE DISP]S$ BY ALMO/ ANY MEANS1 & WE HAVE SE5 QUITE A BIT ( CROSSOV]4 

,! FIVE TE> GASES1 9 BRIEF1 >E3 

,C,S GAS1 F> & AWAY ! MO/ COMMON TE> GAS2 

,C,N GAS1 AN \TDAT$ TE> GAS ?AT IS MORE TOXIC & LESS EFFECTIVE1 BUT IS /ILL 9 PRODUCTION & COMM]CIALLY AVAILABLE2 

,C,R GAS1 :I* IS SOMETIMES CALL$ 0FIRE GAS10 KN[N = BE+ 9CR$IBLY H>D TO DECONTAM9ATE--?IS MAKES Y\R SK9 BURN EV5 WORSE ?AN O!R GASES1 & IS 9 SUSPECT$ USE BUT NOT LI/$ AS COMM]CIALLY AVAILABLE2 

,D,M GAS 7OR ,ADAMSITE71 ! NE>LY-MY?ICAL 0VOMIT GAS0 ?AT ! POLICE >E SUSPECT$ ( US+1 ?\< !RE IS NOT YET H>D EVID5CE ( ITS USE2 

& ,M,P,K GAS1 :I* TO \R KN[L$GE IS ONLY US$ 9 ,RUSSIA BUT MI<T BE ( 9T]E/ TO SOME READ]S4 

,! TWO PEPP] SPRAY *EMICALS >E3 

,O,C1 ! COMMON 0PEPP] SPRAY0 ?AT IS MADE FROM *ILI PEPP]S2 & 

,P,A,V,A1 A SYN!TIC =M ( ,O,C ?AT APPE>S TO ACT 9 V]Y SIMIL> WAYS4 

,WE WILL L>GELY CONFLATE !SE TWO ?R\<\T ?IS >TICLE1 AS WE'VE HAD A H>D TIME ID5TIFY+ ANY SIGNIFICANT DI/9CTION BETWE5 !M4 

,! FIR/ SELF-DEF5SE SPRAYS W]E ACTUALLY FILL$ ) ,C,N GAS1 BUT ,O,C IS G5]ALLY MORE EFFECTIVE AT DISABL+ A T>GET4 ,!RE >E SPRAYS FILL$ ) ,C,S1 ,C,N1 & ,O,C4 ,!RE >E ALSO TE> GAS MUNITIONS FILL$ ) ,O,C & ,P,A,V,A4 

,= ! O/5SIBLE PURPOSES ( CR[D CONTROL1 ,O,C 7OR ,P,A,V,A7 IS ! MO/ EFFECTIVE TE> GAS AG5T4 ,IT IS ! FA/E/ ACT+1 ! MO/ DEBILITAT+1 & ! LEA/ TOXIC1 & ITS VICTIMS RECOV] FA/]4 ,C,S GAS IS 9 SECOND PLACE2 IT IS MORE TRADITIONALLY US$1 & ! MO/ WIDELY AVAILABLE4 

,BY ANY MEASURE1 NO O!R TE> GAS AG5T BESIDES ,O,C OR ,C,S HAS ANY USE EV5 FROM A /ATI/ PO9T ( VIEW EXCEPT TO PUNI% & POISON PEOPLE4 ,!Y >E \TDAT$ & CRUEL TE*NOLOGIES4 ,WE DON'T SAY ?AT 9 ORD] TO ASK = SYMPA?Y OR TO APPEAL TO ! MORAL JUDGM5T ( ! /ATE1 BUT SIMPLY TO PO9T \T ?AT ! CRUELTY IS ! PO9T4 

,TACTICAL ,CONSID]ATIONS 

,*EMICAL WEAPONS >E US$ = A NUMB] ( TACTICAL PURPOSES4 ,AS WE'VE F\ND ) IMPACT MUNITIONS1 POLICE EMPLOY !M 9 MANY WAYS ?AT !Y W]E NEV] DESIGN$ TO BE US$4 ,9 G5]AL1 TE> GAS IS DESIGN$ TO CONTROL ! MOVEM5T ( CR[DS1 OR TO DISP]SE CR[DS4 ,TE> GAS CL\DS >E MEANT TO DISC\RAGE PEOPLE FROM OCCUPY+ P>TICUL> >EAS4 ,POLICE CAN USE TE> GAS TO DIRECT A CR[D MU* ! SAME WAY ?AT L9ES ( RIOT POLICE CAN3 MO/ PEOPLE WILL AVOID ! GAS & WILL MOVE 9 ! DIRECTION ( CLE> AIR4 ,! SAME CR[D CONTROL EFFECT CAN BE DONE1 ON A SMALL] SCALE1 ) PEPP]-BALLS & ! FOCUS$ REMOTE DEPLOYM5T ( *EMICAL WEAPONS4 

,SPRAYS T5D TO BE US$ CLOS] UP4 ,\TSIDE ( DEMON/RATIONS1 !Y >E US$ TO SUBDUE 9DIVIDUALS4 ,9SIDE ( DEMON/RATIONS1 !Y >E (T5 US$ 9DISCRIM9ATELY1 TO DISP]SE1 9TIMIDATE1 OR 9CAPACITATE A CR[D4 

,TE> GAS & O!R *EMICAL WEAPONS >E SPECIFICALLY NOT DESIGN$ = PUNI%M5T3 !Y >E NOT DESIGN$ TO BE DEPLOY$ AGA9/ A TRAPP$ CR[D OR A RE/RA9$ 9DIVIDUAL4 ,POLICE USE !M ?IS WAY REGUL>LY1 ( C\RSE4 

,TO PREV5T ! POLICE FROM ACCOMPLI%+ !IR CR[D CONTROL GOALS1 WE SIMPLY REFUSE TO BE CR[D-CONTROLL$4 ,?IS CAN NECESSITATE A C]TA9 AM\NT ( ADVANCE PREP>ATION4 

,TO MITIGATE ! EFFECTS ( *EMICAL WEAPONS1 P]SONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPM5T IS 9 ORD]4 ,\R GUIDE TO GAS MASKS & GOGGLES GETS 9TO ?IS 9 DETAIL1 BUT ! %ORT V]SION IS3 

,WE> LONG SLEEVES & LONG PANTS1 M9IMIZ+ ! AM\NT ( EXPOS$ SK92 

AVOID WE>+ CONTACT L5SES2 

AVOID MAKEUP & MOI/URIZ]S & O!R SK9 CREAMS1 ESPECIALLY FAT-BAS$ CREAMS2 

WE> A GAS MASK1 OR A HALF-MASK RESPIRATOR ) GOGGLES1 OR A WET B&ANNA & GOGGLES & KEEP MOV+4 

,UMBRELLAS CAN BLOCK *EMICAL SPRAYS4 ,ON ! DAY ,TRUMP WAS 9AUGURAT$ PRESID5T1 9 ! FABL$ 0UMBRELLA *>GE10 A S+LE UMBRELLA PROTECT$ DOZ5S ( AN>*I/S AS !Y ESCAP$ FROM A POLICE KETTLE1 EI<T FELONIES1 & A YE>S-LONG C\RT CASE4 

,9 LI<T OR MOD]ATE *EMICAL WEAPON ATTACKS1 IT'S USUALLY SUFFICI5T = A FEW PEOPLE TO DEACTIVATE OR ?R[ BACK ! CANI/]S :ILE M$ICS & O!RS TREAT ?OSE AFFECT$ BY SPRAYS4 ,IT'S ALSO POSSIBLE TO KEEP MOV+1 SO LONG AS ?IS DOESN'T 9T]F]E ! GOALS ( ! DEMON/RATORS4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 ! HEAVY USE ( *EMICAL WEAPONS WILL T5D TO ?9 \T A PROTE/ ( PEOPLE :O >E LESS PREP>$4 ,HAV+ WET B&ANNAS 7/OR$ 9 9DIVIDUAL ZIPLOCK BAGS7 OR O!R ,P,P,E AVAILABLE = DI/RIBUTION CAN BE USEFUL TO 5ABLE ! CR[D TO /AY >\ND LONG]4 

,?R[+ ,BACK ,TE> ,GAS ,CANI/]S 

0,IT IS NEV] POLITE TO ?R[ BACK ! TE> GAS444 ,BUT SOMETIMES LOVE ,SOMETIMES REAL LOVE ,IS FUCK+ RUDE40 

,&REA ,GIBSON1 0,ETIQUETTE ,LEA%0 

,PROTE/]S REGUL>LY RETURN TE> GAS CANI/]S TO ?OSE :O HAVE DEPLOY$ !M4 ,S9CE TE> GAS IS PYROTE*NICALLY DEPLOY$1 MO/ CANI/]S >E QUITE HOT--HOT 5\< TO />T FIRES OR BURN Y\R SK94 ,ANYONE HOP+ TO H&LE GAS CANI/]S %\LD WE> 9SULAT$ WORK GLOVES MADE FROM FIRE-RESI/ANT MAT]IAL4 ,*EAP H>DW>E /ORE GLOVES >E NOT ADEQUATE2 CANI/]S HAVE BURN$ PROTE/]S ?R\< !M4 ,SYN!TIC MAT]IALS1 IF NOT SPECIFICALLY DESIGN$ TO BE FIRE-RESI/ANT1 CAN MELT 9TO A P]SON'S SK94 ,LEA!R WORK GLOVES >E (T5 ! SIMPLE/ & BE/ *OICE1 ?\< ?OSE :O *OOSE NOT TO WE> LEA!R %\LD BE ABLE TO F9D HEAT-RESI/ANT SYN!TICS4 

,PEOPLE HAVE ALSO EMPLOY$ LACROSSE /ICKS & HOCKEY /ICKS TO RETURN TE> GAS CANI/]S )\T T\*+ !M4 

HTTPS3_/_/TWITT]4COM_/PLSNOTMIKE_//ATUS_/#a#b#h#f#i#e#a#h#g#a#f#h#e#i#h#a#h 

HTTPS3_/_/TWITT]4COM_/,MR,OLMOS_//ATUS_/#a#b#h#e#a#a#e#h#i#f#f#c#c#d#d#f#e 

,POLICE MAY EMPLOY PEPP] SPRAY )\T PUTT+ ON GAS MASKS1 BUT IF !Y >E GO+ TO GAS AN 5TIRE >EA1 !Y WILL ALMO/ ALWAYS PUT ON MASKS OR ROTATE 9 A NEW L9E ( (FIC]S WE>+ PROTECTIVE GE>4 ,?IS IS IMPORTANT3 IT MEANS ?AT IF Y\ KEEP AN EYE ON ! POLICE1 Y\ %\LD BE ABLE TO TELL 9 ADVANCE :5 !Y >E PREP>+ TO GAS Y\4 ,IT FOLL[S ?AT1 IF ANYONE MU/ BE SUBJECT$ TO TE> GAS1 IT %\LD BE ! PEOPLE :O >E BE/ EQUIPP$ = IT--! ONES :O DEPLOY$ IT 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,( C\RSE1 WE'RE NOT LAWY]S1 & LAWS AB\T :I* BURN+ OBJECTS ONE IS ALL[$ TO ?R[ AT ! POLICE LIKELY V>Y BY LOCALITY4 

,Y\ %\LD ONLY ?R[ CANI/]S :5 Y\ >E AW>E ( Y\R SURR\ND+S & HAVE AN OP5 SPACE BEH9D Y\4 ,BE=E Y\ ?R[ A CANI/]1 TAKE NOTE ( :I* DIRECTION ! W9D IS BL[+ & :]E PEOPLE >E LIKELY TO NE$ TO GO %ORTLY1 AS WELL AS :]E !Y CURR5TLY >E4 

HTTPS3_/_/TWITT]4COM_/,GIAN.-,NEON_//ATUS_/#a#b#f#h#f#i#e#a#h#d#f#b#h#a#b#a#f 

,NEUTRALIZ+ ,TE> ,GAS ,CANI/]S 

,9 REC5T YE>S1 PROTE/]S >\ND ! WORLD HAVE BE5 LE>N+ TO NEUTRALIZE GAS CANI/]S RA!R ?AN SIMPLY TOSS+ !M BACK4 ,!SE ME?ODS HAVE ! ADVANTAGE ( BE+ A BIT LESS CONFRONTATIONAL4 

,S9CE MO/ CANI/]S >E PYROTE*NICALLY DEPLOY$1 IT'S 5\< TO SIMPLY PUT \T ! FIRE 9SIDE ! CANI/]4 ,ONE RUDIM5T>Y ME?OD1 :I* DOES NOT REQUIRE T\*+ ! CANI/] AT ALL1 IS TO PUT A ROAD CONE OV] ! CANI/] & !N P\R WAT] 9 ?R\< ! HOLE AT ! TOP ( ! CONE UNTIL IT IS D\S$4 

HTTPS3_/_/TWITT]4COM_/HKFP_//ATUS_/#a#a#e#h#c#i#i#h#b#f#a#d#f#d#f#d 

,A MORE REF9$ ME?OD 9VOLVES PICK+ UP ! CANI/] ) GLOV$ H&S & PUTT+ IT 9 A L>GE WAT] BOTTLE OR A BUCKET ( WAT]4 ,9 ,*ILI & SOME O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD :]E COMMUNITIES 9 REVOLT HAVE HON$ !IR PRACTICES1 EXT+UI%+ CANI/]S HAS BECOME A DI/9CT ROLE 9 /REET PROTE/S4 ,PEOPLE PLAY+ ?IS ROLE BR+ A WAT] JUG ) A WIDE M\?1 CONTA9+ A LITTLE BAK+ SODA1 DI% SOAP1 &_/OR VEGETABLE OIL--#c TABLESPOONS ( EA* TO #a LIT] ( WAT]4 ,:5 A CANI/] >RIVES1 !Y DROP IT 9 ! JUG1 & %AKE ! JUG :ILE COV]+ ! TOP ) ONE H& JU/ 5\< TO KEEP ! GAS FROM GETT+ \T4 ,IF Y\ TRY ?IS1 DON'T SEAL ! BOTTLE--Y\ DON'T WANT IT TO EXPLODE4 

HTTPS3_/_/TWITT]4COM_/CRIME?9C_//ATUS_/#a#b#f#e#h#h#a#h#d#e#a#i#h#f#d#c#b 

,FAIL+ ALL ELSE1 IF Y\ >5'T PREP>$ TO NEUTRALIZE ! CANI/]1 IT C\LD BE 5\< TO SIMPLY COV] IT ) SOME?+ LIKE A COOK+ POT OR AN ORANGE ROAD B>REL4 ,SOME GAS WILL LEAK \T1 BUT ?IS WILL DIM9I% ITS ABILITY TO HURT PEOPLE4 

,BE+ ,PREP>$ = ,:AT ,*EMICAL ,WEAPONS ,DO 

,9 !ORY1 RIOT CONTROL AG5TS >E DESIGN$ TO BE AS UNCOM=TABLE & DEBILITAT+ AS POSSIBLE )\T CAUS+ P]MAN5T DAMAGE4 ,!Y IRRITATE ! LUNGS1 EYES1 & SK94 ,!Y >E LA*RYMATORY AG5TS1 CAUS+ Y\R EYES TO WAT]4 ,Y\R NOSE MI<T RUN4 ,Y\ MI<T HAVE TR\BLE BREA?+4 ,Y\ MI<T BE UNABLE TO OP5 Y\R EYES4 ,SOME *EMICAL WEAPONS TAKE EFFECT ALMO/ IMM$IATELY2 O!RS CAN AFFECT Y\ M9UTES AFT] EXPOSURE4 ,SOME CONT9UE TO IRRITATE Y\ LONG AFT] Y\ MOVE TO FRE% AIR2 O!RS DISSIPATE FA/]4 ,SOME >E MORE TOXIC ?AN O!RS2 SOME CAN CAUSE P]MAN5T DAMAGE4 ,WE'LL DISCUSS ! SPECIFIC EFFECTS ( EA* *EMICAL SEP>ATELY4 ,BUT 9 %ORT3 SOMETIMES EXPOSURE TO RIOT CONTROL AG5TS CAN BE PA9FUL & DEBILITAT+1 ESPECIALLY :5 Y\'RE DIRECTLY EXPOS$ TO !M )\T PROTECTION4 ,9 O!R CASES1 !Y MAY BE SIMPLY IRRITAT+4 

,%ORTNESS ( BREA? IS A SPECIFIC & COMMON PROBLEM RESULT+ FROM EXPOSURE TO *EMICAL WEAPONS4 ,:5 ?IS IS COMB9$ ) ! %OCK ( GETT+ GASS$1 ! OV]ALL /RESS ( ! SITUATION1 & IRRITAT$ LUNGS1 SOME PEOPLE MAY FEEL AS ?\< !Y >E GO+ TO PASS \T4 

,IF Y\ >E EXP]I5C+ ?IS1 TRY TO GET \T ( ! >EA :]E ! GAS IS DEPLOY$1 SIT UP OR /& ) GOOD PO/URE TO OP5 Y\R LUNGS1 & TRY TO BREA! DEEPLY4 ,EV5 IF Y\R BREA?+ IS /ILL RE/RICT$1 ! ADDITIONAL OXYG5 WILL L[] Y\R AMBI5T /RESS LEVEL1 5ABL+ Y\ TO ADDRESS SOME ( ! EFFECTS ( ANXIETY & DECREAS+ Y\R HE>T RATE4 ,IF Y\ SEE O!R PEOPLE :O APPE> TO BE ON ! V]GE ( PASS+ \T1 TRY TO GET !M TO SOME:]E SAFE \TSIDE ( ! >EA ( DEPLOYM5T & 5C\RAGE !M TO BREA! AS DEEPLY AS POSSIBLE4 

,! O!R ?+ ?AT *EMICAL WEAPONS >E 9T5D$ TO DO IS 9TIMIDATE US4 ,!Y >E US$ TO KEEP US \T ( ! /REETS1 TO KEEP US FROM ACCOMPLI%+ \R GOALS4 ,IF Y\ >E /ILL BUILD+ Y\R EXP]I5CE 9 ! /REETS1 WE RECOMM5D ?AT Y\ SPEAK ) COOLHEAD$ PEOPLE :O HAVE CONSID]ABLE EXP]I5CE 9 PUBLIC ORD] SITUATIONS AB\T :AT TO EXPECT & H[ TO H&LE ! /RESS ( *EMICAL WEAPONS ATTACKS4 ,IF Y\ >E EXP]I5C+ L>GE-SCALE POLICE VIOL5CE = ! FIR/ TIME1 & Y\ HAVE ! OPTION1 IT CAN BE A GOOD IDEA TO PACE Y\RSELF1 LEAV+ A /RESSFUL SITUATION :5 IT BECOMES OV]:ELM+1 9 ORD] TO SL[LY1 /EADILY BUILD A SKILLSET = DEAL+ ) IT LEVELHEAD$LY4 ,IF Y\ >E AIM+ = LONGEVITY AS A P>TICIPANT 9 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 IT'S BETT] TO ]R ON ! SIDE ( CAUTION AT FIR/ ?AN TO ASK TOO MU* ( Y\RSELF1 HAVE A BAD EXP]I5CE1 & )DRAW FROM ! /RUGGLE4 

,SOME ( US HAVE BE5 HIT BY EV]Y?+ UND] ! SUN OV] ! YE>S & SURVIV$4 ,! FACT ?AT WE HAVE & ! EXP]I5CE ( BE+ AMONG COMRADES :O HAVE P]SI/$ 9 SPITE ( 9T5SE POLICE VIOL5CE HAVE BO? DONE A LOT TO DEMY/IFY ! WEAPONRY ( ! POLICE4 

,= ,?OSE ,:O ,>E ,P>TICUL>LY ,VULN]ABLE 

,A/HMATICS & O!RS ) BREA?+ DIFFICULTIES %\LD BE P>TICUL>LY C>EFUL AB\T EXPOSURE TO *EMICAL WEAPONS4 ,?IS C\LD MEAN BR++ A GAS MASK OR BE+ PREP>$ TO LEAVE ! >EA AS SOON AS Y\ SEE POLICE PREP>+ TO DEPLOY GAS4 ,IT APPE>S ?AT A/HMATICS ACC\NT = MO/ ( ! DEA?S CAUS$ BY !SE *EMICAL AG5TS4 ,TO BE CLE>1 :ILE !SE AG5TS DO OCCASIONALLY KILL PEOPLE1 BE+ GASS$ AS AN A/HMATIC IS R>ELY FATAL4 

,ACCORD+ TO ,SV5-,]IC ,JORDT1 ,PH4,D41 A TE> GAS RESE>*]1 *ILDR5 >E P>TICUL>LY VULN]ABLE TO TE> GAS BECAUSE ( !IR SMALL] LUNGS1 :I* HAVE A V]Y DIFF]5T SURFACE-TO-VOLUME RATIO ?AN ADULTS4 ,?IS HAS NOT /OPP$ F$]AL (FIC]S FROM EMPLOY+ TE> GAS AGA9/ MIGRANT *ILDR5 AT ! ,U,S BORD]4 

,IMMUNITY 

,RUMORS AB\ND AB\T IMMUNITY TO ,C,S OR ,O,C1 P>TICUL>LY 9 MILIT>Y CIRCLES4 

,SOME PEOPLE DO APPE> TO BE NATURALLY IMMUNE TO ,C,S GAS1 OR AT LEA/ MORE TOL]ANT ( IT4 ,IT IS 9DE$ POSSIBLE TO BUILD UP ! M5TAL CAPACITY TO CONT9UE TO FUNCTION DESPITE ! PA9 & O!R EFFECTS4 ,BUT !RE IS NO EVID5CE ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO DEVELOP A PHYSIOLOGICAL IMMUNITY TO ,C,S OR ,O,C4 ,9 FACT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 REPEAT EXPOSURE TO ,C,S GAS IS KN[N TO CAUSE S5SITIZATION--! OPPOSITE ( TOL]ANCE4 

,U,S SOLDI]S >E EXPOS$ TO ,C,S GAS DUR+ BASIC TRA9+ AS P>T ( 0MASK CONFID5CE TRA9+10 AIM$ AT DEMON/RAT+ ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( !IR GAS MASKS4 ,DUR+ !SE TRA9+S1 IT APPE>S ?AT SOME SMALL PORTION ( ! POPULATION 7P]HAPS #b-#e.01 ACCORD+ TO SPECULATION WE'VE SE57 IS NATURALLY RESI/ANT TO ! EFFECTS ( ,C,S4 ,ON ONE =UM1 WE READ ?AT A SOLDI] :O WAS HI<LY TOL]ANT ( ,C,S GAS LET SOMEONE PEPP] SPRAY HIM1 ]RONE\SLY BELIEV+ ?AT PEPP] SPRAY 7,O,C7 IS ! SAME ?+4 ,IT TURN$ \T ?AT HE WAS NOT IMMUNE TO PEPP] SPRAY4 

,! O!R COMMON RUMOR )9 ! RANKS IS ?AT DRILL S]GEANTS DEVELOP IMMUNITY TO ! GAS AS A CONSEQU5CE ( REPEAT$ EXPOSURE4 ,:AT IS LIKELY HAPP5+1 9/EAD1 IS EI!R ?AT ! (FIC]S :O DISPLAY SOME NATURALLY OCCURR+ TOL]ANCE ( ,C,S >E PUT 9 *>GE ( ! ,C,S EXPOSURE *AMB]1 OR ?AT !SE 9/RUCTORS HAVE DEVELOP$ A M5TAL1 RA!R ?AN PHYSIOLOGICAL1 TOL]ANCE = ! PA9 & DISCOM=T ?AT ! GAS CAUSES4 

,9 ANY CASE1 IT IS ILL-ADVIS$ TO R\T9ELY EXPOSE Y\RSELF TO ,C,S GAS 9 HOPES ( BUILD+ UP A M5TAL TOL]ANCE TO IT4 ,EXPOSURE TO ,C,S GAS CAN CAUSE A NUMB] ( LONG-T]M HEAL? PROBLEMS4 ,NOR IS !RE ANY EVID5CE ?AT EAT+ HOT PEPP]S OR ! LIKE CAN 9CREASE Y\R TOL]ANCE ( IT4 

,SOME POLICE ACADEMIES APP>5TLY TEA* RACI/ MY?S AB\T PEPP] SPRAY1 SUGGE/+ )\T EVID5CE ?AT ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN & ,EA/ ,ASIAN PEOPLE >E MORE TOL]ANT ( PEPP] SPRAY--& !RE=E1 IT IS IMPLI$1 NE$ TO BE SPRAY$ LONG]--BECAUSE ( EXPOSURE TO SPICY FOOD4 ,?IS IS JU/ ! LATE/ 9 C5TURIES ( :ITE SUPREMACI/ PSEUDOSCI5CE JU/IFY+ CRUELTY4 

,H[ TO ,TREAT ! ,EFFECTS ( ,*EMICAL ,AG5TS 

,DEP5D+ ON ! AG5T1 MO/ ( ! EFFECTS ( *EMICAL AG5TS WILL CLE> UP AFT] AB\T #c M9UTES ( FRE% AIR4 ,AVOID RUBB+ Y\R EYES4 ,IF Y\ HAVE CONTACTS 91 REMOVE !M AS SOON AS POSSIBLE4 

,R9SE Y\R EYES ) WAT]--OR1 IDEALLY1 HAVE SOMEONE ELSE R9SE Y\R EYES4 ,! BE/ WAY TO R9SE SOMEONE'S EYES IS TO TAKE A SPORTS-/YLE SQUIRT WAT] BOTTLE & SPRAY WAT] 9TO !IR OP5 EYES4 ,BR+ A BOTTLE = ?IS PURPOSE & USE IT ONLY = FLU%ES2 DO NOT DR9K FROM IT1 LE/ Y\ CONTAM9ATE IT ) SALIVA4 ,Y\ CAN OP5 SOMEONE'S EYES ) Y\R ?UMB & =EF+]2 WE> CLEAN GLOVES1 IF Y\ HAVE !M4 ,IT IS 5\< TO OP5 !IR EYES JU/ A LITTLE BIT4 ,/>T R9S+ FROM ! 9SIDE ( ! EYE1 NE> ! NOSE1 & WORK Y\R WAY TO ! \TSIDE4 ,DO ONE EYE AT A TIME4 ,ASK !M TO BL9K2 REM9D !M TO NOT T\* !IR FACE4 ,REPEAT AS MANY TIMES AS NECESS>Y4 

,SPRAY ! WAT] FROM ! SPORTS BOTTLE ) SOME =CE3 ! GOAL IS TO FLU% ! *EMICALS (F ! EYE4 ,R9S+ Y\R EYES WILL NOT IMM$IATELY ALLEVIATE ! BURN+1 BUT IT WILL 5ABLE Y\ TO BEG9 TO RECOV]4 

,TO GET TE> GAS & O!R CONTAM9ATES (F Y\R SK91 WA% ) SOAP & WAT]4 ,IF ! GAS HAS DRI$ AS A P[D] ON Y\ 7:I* IS ESPECIALLY POSSIBLE ) EXPIR$ TE> GAS71 BRU% ! P[D] (F Y\R SK9 & CLO!S BE=E R9S+4 ,:ILE IT'S BE5 SUGGE/$ ?AT WAT] 0ACTIVATES0 ! P[D] =M ( *EMICAL IRRITANTS1 EXP]I5CE HAS %[N ?AT REMOV+ IT ) WAT]1 OR SOAP & WAT]1 IS EFFECTIVE4 

,:5 Y\ MEET PEOPLE AFT] BE+ GASS$1 IF Y\ >E /ILL WE>+ ! SAME CLO!S OR HAVE REMNANTS ( ! GAS 9 Y\R HAIR1 W>N !M4 ,Y\ MAY NOT BE AFFECT$ BY TRACES ( GAS ?AT C\LD /ILL PROVOKE A SIGNIFICANT REACTION 9 !M1 ESPECIALLY IF !Y HAVE A/HMA OR SIMIL> CONDITIONS4 ,?IS CAN ALSO BE A CONC]N IF Y\ >E 5T]+ 5CLOS$ SPACES ) O!RS4 ,TREAT ! RISK ( EXPOS+ O!RS TO TE> GAS SECONDH& AS A CONS5T ISSUE4 

,:5 Y\ HAVE EXIT$ ! CONFLICT >EA AFT] EXPOSURE1 TAKE (F Y\R \T] CLO!S & D\BLE BAG !M UNTIL Y\ HAVE A *ANCE TO WA% !M4 ,%[]1 SCRUBB+ Y\R SK9 VIGOR\SLY ) SOAP4 ,BE C>EFUL :5 Y\ WA% ! *EMICALS \T ( Y\R HAIR3 IF ANY GET 9TO Y\R EYES1 Y\R G5ITALS1 OR OP5 W\NDS1 IT WILL HURT4 

,TO DEAL ) Y\R CLO!S1 WA% !M ?OR\<LY1 POSSIBLY ?R\< MULTIPLE CYCLES4 ,RUN ! WA%+ MA*9E )\T ANY?+ 9 IT AFT]W>DS TO WA% ! 9SIDE ( ! WA%+ MA*9E ITSELF4 ,DRY+ Y\R CLO!S \TSIDE ON A L9E IS PREF]ABLE1 SO ?AT ANY L+]+ EFFECTS CAN DISSIPATE4 

,TE> ,GAS & ,C,O,V,I,D-#a#i 

,TE> GAS MAKES Y\R NOSE RUN1 & BODILY FLUIDS >E EFFECTIVE VECTORS = ,C,O,V,I,D-#a#i 9FECTION4 ,CONC]N$ ) M9IMIZ+ ! SPREAD ( A DEADLY DISEASE1 SOME M$ICS :O W\LD O!RWISE BE ADM9I/]+ ASSI/ANCE TO ?OSE EXPOS$ TO *EMICAL WEAPONS HAVE BEGUN ADVOCAT+ ?AT PEOPLE TREAT !MSELVES = *EMICAL WEAPONS EXPOSURE IF !Y >E ABLE TO4 ,FAIL+ ?IS1 Y\ %\LD WE> GLOVES1 EYE PROTECTION1 & A MASK ( Y\R [N :5 Y\ >E TREAT+ A P]SON = *EMICAL WEAPONS EXPOSURE4 ,TAKE C>E TO CLEAN & DECONTAM9ATE AS SOON AS Y\ CAN4 

,DECONTAM9ATION ,WIPES 

,LAW 5=CEM5T USE ,SUDECON WIPES = DECONTAM9AT+ PEOPLE FROM PEPP] SPRAY & TE> GAS4 ,M$ICS WE'VE SPOK5 TO REPORT ?AT !Y HAV5'T SE5 A SIDE-BY-SIDE COMP>ISON1 BUT BELIEVE ?AT ,SUDECON WIPES MI<T WORK AT LEA/ AS WELL AS SOAP & WAT] ON SK94 

,ROSEHIP ,M$IC ,COLLECTIVE 9 ,PORTL&1 ,OREGON HAS PUBLI%$ A RECIPE = ,D,I,Y DECONTAM9ATION WIPES ?AT W]E 9 WIDE USE 9 ! *EMICAL-SOAK$ /REETS !RE DUR+ SUMM] #b#b4 

,BEG9 )3 

#a GALLON W>M WAT] 

#i CUPS :ITE SUG> 

#b TABLESPOONS CITRIC ACID 

,MIX ?IS WELL1 !N COMB9E IT ) #ba FLUID \NCES ( BABY %AMPOO & MIX IT G5TLY4 ,SOAK HI< QUALITY PAP] T[ELS 9 ! MIXTURE1 & PACK !M 9TO ZIPLOCK BAGS A FEW ( !M AT A TIME4 ,!SE %\LD KEEP = A FEW DAYS1 OR A FEW MON?S 9 A REFRIG]ATOR4 

,M$ICS 9 ,PORTL& HAVE BE5 MANUFACTUR+ !SE ) ! HELP ( A SMALL ROLL+ MA*9E TO DI/RIBUTE ! MOI/URE MORE EV5LY2 !Y HOPE IT WILL 5ABLE ! WIPES TO KEEP LONG]4 ,IT ALSO HELPS ! M$ICS TO MANUFACTURE !M MORE QUICKLY4 

,O!R ,REM$IES 

,PEOPLE USE MANY DIFF]5T REM$IES & TREATM5TS = *EMICAL WEAPONS--EV]Y?+ FROM MILK TO ANTACIDS & H]BAL CONCOCTIONS4 ,BAS$ ON \R CONV]SATIONS ) /REET M$ICS & DOCTORS1 WE RECOMM5D JU/ US+ WAT] = FLU%+ \T EYES & SOAP & WAT] = WA%+ SK94 ,:Y8 ,AFT] ALL1 ! DOCTOR WE SPOKE TO PO9T$ \T ?AT IT DOESN'T USUALLY HURT1 M$ICALLY SPEAK+1 TO USE MILK TO FLU% \T SOMEONE'S EYES4 

,WE ADVOCATE = WAT] BECAUSE IT'S READILY AVAILABLE & IT'S LESS LIKELY TO CAUSE ALL]GIC REACTIONS4 ,WE RECOMM5D IT BECAUSE IT ISN'T GROSS--GETT+ >RE/$ SOAK$ 9 MILK ISN'T A PLEASANT EXP]I5CE--& BECAUSE IT DOESN'T LEAVE TELLTALE :ITE RESIDUE LIKE ANTACID DOES1 :I* APPE>S MORE VISIBLY ON D>K] SK9 & HAS BE5 US$ 7= EXAMPLE1 BY POLICE 9 ! ,F]GUSON UPRIS+7 TO M>K SUSPECTS = >RE/4 ,P]HAPS MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 WE RECOMM5D IT BECAUSE IT DEMY/IFIES *EMICAL WEAPONS4 

,! IDEA ?AT WE NE$ SOME SORT ( SPECIAL REM$Y TO TREAT EXPOSURE TO *EMICAL WEAPONS ADDS TO !IR MY/IQUE & ! FE> !Y CAN 9SPIRE4 ,BUT !RE'S NO?+ >CANE AB\T !SE IRRITANTS4 ,WA% !M (F & GET TO FRE% AIR4 ,EV5 IF Y\ DISAGREE ) US ?AT WAT] IS BE/1 PLEASE DO NOT 9T]RUPT EXP]I5C$ /REET M$ICS :O >E APPLY+ WAT] EYE FLU%ES4 ,?AT IS NOT HELPFUL BEHAVIOR4 

,!RE IS AN \TDAT$ PROTE/ TE*NIQUE 7REF]R$ TO AS ,M,(,I,B,A7 ?AT USES M9]AL OIL TO CLEANSE ! SK9 ( CONTAM9ANTS1 BUT IT HAS L>GELY GONE \T ( USE BECAUSE1 IF ADM9I/]$ WRONG 7:E!R AS A CONSEQU5CE ( 9EXP]I5CE OR ( BE+ APPLI$ 9 A TUMULTU\S SITUATION71 IT CAN DO MORE H>M ?AN GOOD4 ,WE WON'T DETAIL IT H]E4 ,SOAP & WAT] >E EFFECTIVE = CLEAN+ ! SK94 ,DECONTAM9ATION WIPES >E GOOD--POSSIBLY BETT]--IF Y\ HAVE !M AVAILABLE1 BUT !Y >E NOT NECESS>Y4 

,ADDITIONAL C>E CAN SOMETIMES BE USEFUL1 BO? M$ICALLY & EMOTIONALLY4 ,AS ONE /REET M$IC PUT IT1 !Y RUB >NICA LOTION ONTO H&CUFF BRUISES BECAUSE :5 SOMEONE %[S Y\ ! BRUIS+ CAUS$ BY POLICE H&CUFFS1 !Y'RE %[+ Y\ ! PHYSICAL EVID5CE ?AT !Y W]E ASSAULT$ & KIDNAPP$4 ,:5 Y\ EXAM9E ?OSE BRUISES & APPLY A LOTION1 Y\'RE %[+ ?AT :AT HAPP5$ TO !M MATT]S & ?AT ! CONSEQU5CES >E WOR? TREAT+ ) C>E4 ,! >NICA LOTION LIKELY HELPS ) ! BRUIS+1 BUT ! ACT ( %[+ C>E MATT]S TOO4 

,SOME PROTE/]S 9 ,*ILI HAVE TAK5 TO SPRAY+ A ROOM-TEMP]ATURE TEA 7MADE BY BOIL+ LAUREL LEAVES7 9TO ! EYES ( ?OSE :O >E SUFF]+ FROM PEPP]-SPRAY1 & IT SEEMS TO BE EFFECTIVE4 ,?IS IS NOT A ME*ANICAL FLU%+ ( ! EYES1 BUT RA!R APPLI$ ) A SQUIRT BOTTLE AS AN AFT]C>E TREATM5T TO ALLEVIATE BURN+ & TO CALM ! P]SON4 

,SOME PROTE/]S 9 ,HONG ,KONG HAVE C>RI$ SPRAY BOTTLES CONTA9+ ?REE TEASPOONS ( BAK+ SODA = EV]Y #h4#e \NCES ( WAT]4 ,:ILE ! EFFICACY ( ?IS HAS NOT BE5 DIRECTLY /UDI$1 IT L9ES UP ) ! F9D+S ( A #bc /UDY TO ! EFFECT ?AT ,C,S MOLECULES >E UN/ABLE & BASIC FLUIDS LIKE BAK+ SODA MI<T ACCEL]ATE ?AT PROCESS ( MOLECUL> BREAKD[N4 

HTTPS3_/_/TWITT]4COM_/NICOLE.-FROELI*_//ATUS_/#a#b#c#a#h#d#g#f#c#d#a#b#c#e#g#a#b#a 

,! ,G5EVA ,PROTOCOL 

,P]HAPS Y\'VE HE>D ?AT ! USE ( TE> GAS 9 W> IS A W> CRIME1 BANN$ BY ! ,G5EVA ,PROTOCOL 7:I* IS DI/9CT FROM & PR$ATES ! ,G5EVA ,CONV5TIONS74 ,?IS IS TRUE4 ,IT'S NOT JU/ ?AT TE> GAS WAS ACCID5TALLY SWEPT UP 9 A BROAD AGREEM5T NOT TO EMPLOY *EMICAL WEAPONS1 EI!R4 ,IT'S 9 !RE EXPLICITLY BY NAME4 

,9 #a#i#b#e1 AFT] ! *EMICAL HORRORS ( ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 #* C\NTRIES SIGN$ ! ,G5EVA ,PROTOCOL BANN+ ! USE ( *EMICAL WEAPONS4 ,MO/ ( ! SIGNATORY C\NTRIES ASSUM$ ?AT ?IS 9CLUD$ TE> GAS & *EMICAL H]BICIDES DROPP$ 9DISCRIM9ATELY 9 REM>KABLE QUANTITIES4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T DECID$ NOT TO %>E ?IS 9T]PRETATION4 ,?R\<\T ! #a#i#fS1 ! ,U,S MADE EXT5SIVE USE ( TE> GAS & H]BICIDE 7,AG5T ,ORANGE7 9 ,VIETNAM4 

,TODAY1 ! ,G5EVA ,PROTOCOL MAKES IT CLE> ?AT TE> GAS IS SPECIFICALLY PROHIBIT$4 

,HEADS ( /ATE DON'T WANT ANYONE ELSE DROPP+ *EMICALS ON !IR CIVILIANS--BUT IF ?AT'S :AT IT TAKES TO MA9TA9 ORD] 9T]NALLY1 !Y'RE ALL = IT4 ,SO YES1 9T]NATIONAL LAW EXPLICITLY =BIDS ! USE ( TE> GAS 9 W>1 DESCRIB+ IT AS A W> CRIME4 ,BUT GOV]NM5TS AGREE ?AT IT IS F9E TO USE IT ON US4 

,TYPES ( ,*EMICAL ,AG5T 

,WE'LL REVIEW ! PROP]TIES & EFFECTS ( ! MORE COMMON *EMICAL AG5TS H]E4 

,C,S ,GAS 

,C,S GAS 7#b-*LOROB5ZALMALONONITRILE1 ,C#a,H#e,CL,N#b7 IS ! MO/ COMMON TE> GAS AG5T4 ,TWO ,U,S SCI5TI/S1 ,CORSON & ,/\<TON1 W]E ! FIR/ TO SYN!SIZE IT2 !Y NAM$ IT AFT] !MSELVES4 ,IT WAS NOT WEAPONIZ$ 9TO TE> GAS UNTIL ! #a#i#eS4 

,C,S GAS IS F\ND PRIM>ILY 9 TE> GAS CANI/]S1 BUT IT ALSO APPE>S 9 SPRAYS1 OR LAC$ ?R\<\T IMPACT WEAPONS4 

,C,S GAS IS P]CEIV$ TO BE SUB/ANTIALLY LESS TOXIC ?AN ,C,N GAS1 :ILE BE+ MORE EFFECTIVE AT DISABL+ PEOPLE4 ,IT'S PROBABLY MORE TOXIC1 & LESS DISABL+1 ?AN ,O,C4 

,WE KN[ ?AT ,C,S CAN CAUSE HE>T & LIV] ISSUES4 ,WE KN[ ?AT 9T5SE EXPOSURE CAN CAUSE *EMICAL BURNS & SC>R+4 ,BUT !RE IS MORE4 

,9 T]MS ( IMM$IATE LE?ALITY1 IT IS SPECULAT$ ?AT ,C,S C\LD KILL 9 AN 5CLOS$ SPACE2 PROTE/]S BLAM$ SEV]AL DEA?S 9 ,TAHRIR ,SQU>E DUR+ ! UPRIS+ ON ,C,S4 ,BUT ?IS HAS NOT BE5 CONFIRM$4 ,C,S GAS DOES SEEM TO BE LESS IMM$IATELY CAPABLE ( KILL+ ?AN O!R *EMICAL AG5TS4 ,ITS LONG-T]M EFFECTS1 H[EV]1 >E TR\BL+4 

,MO/ TOXICITY REPORTS ON ,C,S >E OV] FIFTY YE>S OLD2 NEW /UDIES >E SOME:AT R>E4 ,! ,U,S MILIT>Y IS 9CREAS+LY F9D+ L9KS BETWE5 ,C,S GAS & P]SI/5T LUNG PROBLEMS BY /UDY+ ! 9CID5CE ( LUNG PROBLEMS BE=E & AFT] SOLDI]S >E EXPOS$ TO ! ,C,S GAS *AMB]4 

,C,S GAS IS CLA/OG5IC--?AT IS1 IT CAN *ANGE Y\R *ROMOSOMES4 ,?IS PRIM>ILY AFFECTS PEOPLE :O >E CAPABLE ( M5/RUATION4 ,SCI5CE HAS BE5 SL[ TO /UDY !SE EFFECTS1 BUT A L>GE NUMB] ( /ORIES DESCRIBE MISC>RIAGES1 EXCESSIVE BLE$+1 CRAMPS1 BLOOD CLOTS1 & SEIZURES AFT] EXPOSURE TO ,C,S GAS4 

,C,S GAS 7UNLIKE ,O,C & ! ,RUSSIAN TE> GAS ,M,P,K7 IS NOT G5]ALLY CONSID]$ AS EFFECTIVE AGA9/ DOGS1 BE>S1 & SOME O!R MAMMALS [+ TO DIFF]5T TE> DUCT /RUCTURE & SOME RESI/ANCE FROM FUR4 ,IT C]TA9LY CAUSES DISCOM=T1 & /UDIES HAVE %[N IT IS CAPABLE ( KILL+ DOGS4 ,ANECDOTAL REPORTS FROM ,TURKEY DESCRIBE IT KILL+ BIRDS BY ! ?\S&S & BL9D+ /REET CATS4 

,AS ) ALL *EMICAL WEAPONS1 ! POLICE DO NOT USE ,C,S 9 A 0PURE0 =M--& ! O!R *EMICALS IT IS ADULT]AT$ ) CAN ALSO BE TOXIC4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT ! LIQUID_/SPRAY V]SION1 AT LEA/ ! ONE ?AT ! ,U,K POLICE USE1 EMPLOYS ME?YL ISOBUTYL KETONE 7,M,I,B,K7 AS A SOLV5T4 ,M,I,B,K IS ITSELF TOXIC & CAN CAUSE LIV] & KIDNEY PROBLEMS4 

,AT LEA/ AT ! SIEGE 9 ,WACO1 ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T US$ ,C,S A]OSOLIZ$ ALONG ) ! SOLV5T ,DI*LOROME?ANE1 :I* HAS A SWEET ODOR4 ,IT IS C>C9OG5IC4 

,SOME COMRADES REPORT$ ?AT AT LEA/ SOME ( ! GAS US$ DUR+ ! ,G#b PROTE/S 9 ,PITTSBUR< 9 #bi SMELL$ VAGUELY LIKE BANANA C&Y4 

,C,N ,GAS 

,PH5ACYL *LORIDE IS A COMMON *EMICAL US$ 9 ORGANIC *EMI/RY4 ,:5 IT IS WEAPONIZ$ AS A TE> GAS1 IT IS CALL$ ,C,N GAS 7#b-,*LOROACETOPH5ONE74 ,IT WAS FIR/ DEVELOP$ AS A TE> GAS DUR+ ! ,FIR/ & ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>S1 ?\< IT IS NOT KN[N TO HAVE BE5 US$ DUR+ !M4 

,C,N GAS IS COMM]CIALLY AVAILABLE ?R\< ANY NUMB] ( POLICE WEAPON MANUFACTUR]S1 AL?\< !RE IS NO REASON :Y IT %\LD BE1 CONSID]+ ?AT IT IS SUB/ANTIALLY MORE TOXIC & SUB/ANTIALLY LESS EFFECTIVE ?AN ,C,S GAS4 ,IT IS LESS COMMON ?AN ,C,S OR ,O,C1 BUT CAN BE F\ND 9 TE> GAS CANI/]S1 SPRAYS1 & LAC$ ?R\<\T IMPACT WEAPONS4 

,C,N GAS WAS ! ACTIVE +R$I5T ( 0,MACE10 ! FIR/ BR& ( SELF-DEF5SE SPRAY1 BE=E ,O,C WAS DEVELOP$4 

,C,N GAS HAS KILL$ AT LEA/ FIVE PEOPLE VIA HE>T DAMAGE OR ASPHYXIA4 ,IT HAS ALSO CAUS$ CONTACT D]MATITIS--SOMETIMES P]MAN5TLY--9 AN UNKN[ABLE NUMB] ( POLICE (FIC]S :OSE *EMICAL WEAPONS HAVE ACCID5TALLY LEAK$ ONTO !M4 ,IF IT CAN 9JURE POLICE 9 ?AT MANN]1 IT CAN 9JURE US AS WELL4 

,C,R ,GAS 

,C,R GAS 7DIB5ZOXAZEP9E7 IS A TE> GAS AG5T ?AT IS SUSPECT$ BUT NOT CONFIRM$ TO BE 9 USE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,IT WAS DEVELOP$ 9 ! ,U,K 9 ! #a#i#fS & E>NS ITS NICKNAME 0FIRE GAS0 = ITS CAPACITY TO NOT JU/ HURT Y\R LUNGS & EYES1 BUT TO MAKE Y\R :OLE BODY FEEL LIKE Y\'VE BE5 ?R[N 9TO A PAT* ( NETTLES4 ,IT IS SAID TO SMELL SWEET4 

,C,R GAS IS ALLEG$LY #f-#a TIMES MORE POT5T ?AN ,C,S GAS1 & :ILE ALL ! DOCUM5TATION WE'VE F\ND SAYS ?AT IT IS 0LESS TOXIC0 ?AN ,C,S1 IT IS KN[N TO BE CAPABLE ( KILL+ PEOPLE BY ASPHYXIATION OR PULMON>Y $EMA 7LIQUID FILL+ ! LUNGS74 

,ONE ( ! WOR/ ?+S AB\T ,C,R GAS IS ?AT IT IS SUB/ANTIALLY H>D] TO DECONTAM9ATE ?AN O!R RIOT CONTROL AG5TS4 ,IT CAN P]SI/ ON SURFACES = UP TO #f DAYS4 

,WE HAVE NOT F\ND ANY MANUFACTUR]S :O ADV]TISE ANY PRODUCTS ?AT CONTA9 ,C,R GAS4 

,SOME PROTE/]S 9 ,PORTL& CONJECTURE !Y MI<T HAVE BE5 EXPOS$ TO ,C,R GAS BECAUSE SOME GAS !Y W]E EXPOS$ TO REACT$ P>TICUL>LY /RONGLY TO !IR SWEAT4 ,! !ORY IS ?AT F$]AL AG5TS1 TIR$ ( GAS-MASK$ PROTE/]S1 UTILIZ$ A WEAPON ?AT CAUSES SUFF]+ EV5 TO ?OSE :O >E MASK$4 ,!SE F$]AL AG5TS MI<T HAVE ACCESS TO OLD /ORES ( ,C,R GAS1 OR P]HAPS DO NOT NE$ TO GO ?R\< PUBLIC-FAC+ COMM]CIAL *ANNELS ! WAY LOCAL POLICE G5]ALLY DO4 

,H[EV]1 ,C,S GAS 7& P]HAPS ESPECIALLY EXPIR$ ,C,S GAS1 :I* MI<T CAUSE L>G] FLAKES ?AT P]SI/ LONG] ON ! SK97 ALSO REACTS TO SWEAT TO CAUSE BURN+1 & CAN BE DISP]S$ ?R\< SWEET-SMELL+ SOLV5TS4 ,*EMI/S & O!RS >E CURR5TLY TRY+ TO WORK \T :E!R ,C,R OR ,D,M HAVE BE5 9 USE 9 ,PORTL&4 

,D,M ,GAS 

,D,M GAS 7,ADAMSITE1 ,DIPH5YLAM9E*LOR>S9E7 IS ANO!R L>GELY \TDAT$ & P>TICUL>LY VICI\S TE> GAS AG5T4 ,*EMI/S 9 BO? ,G]MANY & ! ,U,S DEVELOP$ IT 9DEP5D5TLY 9 ! #a#i#aS4 ,IT WAS ORIG9ALLY BURN$ 9 0C&LES0 TO DISP]SE ! GAS4 

,D,M GAS IS P>TICUL>LY 9EFFECTIVE AS A RIOT CONTROL AG5T1 AS ITS EFFECTS TAKE #e-#a M9UTES TO SET 94 ,IT W\LD ONLY BE USEFUL = 9FLICT+ PUNI%M5T--= :I* PURPOSE IT W\LD LIKELY BE EFFECTIVE1 AS ITS EFFECTS CAN EASILY LA/ #ab H\RS4 ,IT />TS LIKE O!R TE> GASES1 ) IRRITATION TO ! EYES & LUNGS1 BUT ?IS DEVELOPS 9TO NAUSEA1 HEADA*E1 & P]SI/5T VOMIT+4 

,D,M GAS WAS MO/ NOTORI\SLY US$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AGA9/ ! 0,BONUS ,>MY10 A DEMON/RATION ( #d#e1 VET]ANS ( ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> & !IR ALLIES 9 ,D,C 9 #a#i#c#b4 ,EYEWITNESSES SAY ?AT ! GAS SUFFOCAT$ TWO Y\NG *ILDR51 ?\< HI/ORIANS HAVE BE5 UNABLE TO CONFIRM ?IS4 

,SOME PEOPLE CONJECTURE ?AT ,D,M GAS WAS 9 USE BY F$]AL AG5TS 9 ,PORTL& 9 ! SUMM] ( #b#b1 BUT IT REMA9S UNPROV54 ,!RE W]E RUMORS DESCRIB+ GRE5 SMOKE ?AT MI<T HAVE BE5 ,D,M GAS1 & REPORTS ?AT SOME TE> GAS HAD MADE PEOPLE VOMIT4 ,SO F>1 NO ONE HAS BE5 ABLE TO PROVE OR DISPROVE ?IS1 ?\< SOME GRE5 GAS UTILIZ$ 9 ,PORTL& HAS BE5 ID5TIFI$ AS ,H,C GAS4 

,PEPP] ,SPRAY3 ,O,C 

,O,C 7OLEORES9 CAPSICUM7 IS ! ONLY ORGANICALLY D]IV$ RIOT CONTROL AG5T WE >E AW>E (4 ,IT'S D]IV$ FROM CAPSAIC91 ! ACTIVE COMPON5T ( *ILI PEPP]S4 

,AS F> AS ! O/5SIBLE PURPOSE ( RIOT CONTROL AG5TS GO1 ,O,C SEEMS TO BE ! MO/ EFFECTIVE3 IT IS SUB/ANTIALLY MORE IRRITAT+ & 9CAPACITAT+ ?AN ,C,S OR ,C,N GAS1 ) A FA/] ONSET TIME ?AN EI!R1 :ILE APP>5TLY 9FLICT+ SUB/ANTIALLY FEW] LONG-T]M ADV]SE HEAL? EFFECTS ON ?OSE EXPOS$ TO IT4 

,O,C WAS FIR/ 9TRODUC$ AS PEPP] SPRAY1 BUT HAS 9CREAS+LY F\ND ITS WAY 9TO TE> GAS V>IANTS AS WELL1 APPE>+ 9 TE> GAS GR5ADES 7BO? SL[-BURN+ & 9/ANT CL\DS ( DU/7 & LAC$ ?R\<\T IMPACT WEAPONS4 

,LE/ WE PA9T TOO ROSY A PICTURE ( ,O,C1 IT1 TOO1 CAN KILL PEOPLE--SPECIFICALLY1 ?OSE :O >E EXPOS$ TO A GREAT DEAL ( IT1 SU* AS :5 POLICE TORTURE RE/RA9$ >RE/EES ) IT1 :I* IS A COMMON 5\< PROC$URE4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 IT CAN KILL A/HMATICS BY BLOCK+ (F !IR LUNGS TO AIR BY 0SEV]E ACUTE BRON*OSPASM40 

,O,C 9 SPRAY =M IS (T5 SUSP5D$ 9 PROPYL5E GLYCOL1 :I* IS COMP>ATIVELY H>MLESS BY ITSELF4 

,P,A,V,A 

,P,A,V,A 7,NONIVAMIDE1 PEL>GONIC ACID VANILLYLAMIDE7 IS A 7USUALLY7 SYN!TIC =M ( ,O,C ?AT IS MORE COMMON 9 ,BRITA91 :]E IT IS ! MO/ COMMON =M ( PEPP] SPRAY1 ?AN 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! ONLY USE ( IT WE'VE ID5TIFI$ 9 ! ,U,S SO F> IS 9 PEPP]-BALLS & ,F,N#c#c R\NDS4 

,P,A,V,A DOES APPE> NATURALLY1 BUT MANUFACTUR]S G5]ALLY SYN!SIZE IT4 ,IT IS MORE HEAT-/ABLE ?AN ,O,C4 ,IT IS $IBLE 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT ,O,C IS4 ,WE HAVE YET TO F9D ANY P>TICUL> DIFF]5TIATION BETWE5 ! TOXICITY ( ,P,A,V,A & ,O,C4 

,MO/ ,P,A,V,A SPRAY IS SUSP5D$ 9 AQUE\S E?ANOL4 ,?IS IS SOMETIMES CALL$ ,P,A,V,A #a4 ,9 O!R CASES1 IT IS SUSP5D$ 9 A MIXTURE ( MONO PROPYL5E GLYCOL1 E?ANOL1 & WAT] REF]R$ TO AS ,P,A,V,A #b4 ,P,A,V,A #a IS FLAMMABLE1 :ILE ,P,A,V,A #b IS NOT4 ,NEI!R >E MADE ( *EMICALS WE KN[ TO BE P>TICUL>LY TOXIC4 

,M,P,K 

,WE/]N READ]S >E UNLIKELY TO EV] BE EXPOS$ TO ,M,P,K 7,N-NONANOYLMORPHOL9E71 A TE> GAS US$ 9 ,RUSSIA ?AT IS REPORT$ TO BE EFFECTIVE AGA9/ DOGS & PEOPLE :O >E TOO 9TOXICAT$ TO BE EASILY 9CAPACITAT$ BY O!R *EMICAL WEAPONS4 ,IT IS NOT AS /RONG AS O!R *EMICALS1 SO IT IS G5]ALLY MIX$ ) ,C,S OR ,C,N GAS4 ,IT IS PRESUMABLY LESS TOXIC ?AN ! *EMICALS IT IS MIX$ )1 AS IT IS REPORT$LY SOMETIMES US$ AS A FOOD ADDITIVE AS WELL4 

,SMOKE 

,MANY CANI/]S ! POLICE EMPLOY >E JU/ SMOKE GR5ADES4 ,POLICE USE SMOKE GR5ADES TO M>K >EAS ) COLOR$ SMOKE1 TO HIDE !IR [N POSITIONS & ACTIONS1 TO CAUSE PANIC 9 ! CR[D1 &1 POSSIBLY1 TO REFRACT LAS]S PO9T$ !IR WAY 7WE >E UNSURE ( ! EFFICACY ( ?IS1 AS !RE IS A GREAT DEAL ( MIX$ 9=MATION AB\T LAS]S74 ,MO/ *EMICAL WEAPONS MANUFACTUR]S ALSO (F] SMOKE GR5ADE V]SIONS ( !IR V>I\S CANI/]S & GR5ADES4 

,MANY MILIT>Y-/YLE SMOKE GR5ADES1 CALL$ ,H,C OR ,H,C,E GR5ADES1 CONTA9 ,HEXA*LORE?ANE4 ,HEXA*LORE?ANE IS TOXIC ?R\< SK9 ABSORPTION1 DEPRESS+ ! C5TRAL N]V\S SY/EM2 IT IS PRESUM$ TO BE A C>C9OG54 ,9 MID-#b#b1 F$]AL AG5TS 9 ,PORTL&1 ,OREGON US$ \TDAT$ GR5ADES CONTA9+ ,H,C4 ,ACCORD+ TO ONE RESE>*]1 ,H,C IS NO LONG] MANUFACTUR$ 9 ! ,U,S,A1 BUT IS H>VE/$ AS A BYPRODUCT ( O!R *EMICAL PROCESSES4 ,:ILE IT IS TOXIC1 IT SEEMS CONSID]ABLY SAF] ?AN ! O!R *EMICAL WEAPONS POLICE EMPLOY4 

0,SAF-SMOKE0 GR5ADES1 ! /YLE MANUFACTUR$ BY ,DEF5SE ,TE*NOLOGIES1 >E ADV]TIS$ AS LESS DANG]\S4 ,! ACTUAL CONT5TS ( ,SAF-SMOKE & O!R COMPET+ BR&S ( SMOKE GR5ADE >E PROPRIET>Y & NOT IMM$IATELY AVAILABLE = REVIEW4 

,FLA%-BANGS 

,!SE DEVICES1 :I* MANUFACTUR]S CALL 0DI/RACTION DEVICES0 OR 0DISORI5TATION DEVICES10 >E MORE COMMONLY KN[N AS FLA%-BANGS OR /UN GR5ADES4 ,!Y PRODUCE AN 9T5SE FLA% ( LI<T & A L\D BANG AS WELL AS SOME CONCUSSIVE =CE4 ,! LI<T 7UPW>DS ( #h MILLION C&ELAS--AS BRI<T AS EI<T MILLION C&LES7 BL9DS VIEW]S = APPROXIMATELY FIVE SECONDS & CAUSES SEV]E AFT]IMAGES4 ,! VOLUME IS >\ND #a#f-#a#h DECIBELS1 SUB/ANTIALLY L\D] ?AN ANY GUN%OT Y\ >E LIKELY TO EV] HE>2 ?IS DEAF5S ?OSE 9 ! VIC9ITY1 DISRUPT+ ! FLUID 9 ! 9N] E> & SOMETIMES CAUS+ DIZZ9ESS4 

,POLICE OCCASIONALLY USE !SE 9 CONJUNCTION ) BATON *>GES OR O!R IMPACT WEAPONS :5 !Y WI% TO KNOCK DEMON/RATORS (F GU>D4 ,BUT AT ! 5D ( ! DAY1 LIKE SO MANY POLICE TACTICS1 !SE >E ME?ODS TO 9TIMIDATE PEOPLE 9TO COMPLY+1 NOT ME?ODS ?AT DIRECTLY =CE PEOPLE TO COMPLY4 

,FLA%-BANG GR5ADES >E G5]ALLY MADE ( SOLID /EEL OR ALUM9UM1 DESIGN$ NOT TO FRAGM5T AS A RESULT ( !IR DETONATION4 ,MANY ( !M >E RELOADABLE OR REFILLABLE4 

,SOME FLA%-BANG GR5ADES >E 0A]IAL W>N+_/SIGNAL+0 MUNITIONS DESIGN$ TO BE FIR$ 9TO ! AIR TO EXPLODE OV] A CR[D4 ,!SE CAN COME ) OR )\T *EMICAL PAYLOADS2 EA* R\ND HAS A DIFF]5T RANGE1 RANG+ FROM #e TO #c MET]S4 ,!RE >E V]SIONS = #a#b-GAUGE %OTGUNS AS WELL4 

,AT LEA/ ONE MANUFACTUR] SAYS ?AT !RE %\LD BE A CLE> >EA ( #e-#f FEET >\ND ! SITE :]E A FLA%-BANG WILL DETONATE2 /ILL1 POLICE REGUL>LY ?R[1 FIRE1 & ROLL !SE 9TO CR[DS4 ,:ILE SOME >E PACK$ ) RUBB] BALL MUNITIONS1 MO/ >E DESIGN$ NOT TO CAUSE H>M VIA IMPACT4 ,YET !Y CAN MAIM OR KILL PEOPLE1 USUALLY ?R\< BURN+4 ,!Y'VE ALSO BE5 KN[N TO />T FIRES1 P>TICUL>LY :5 DEPLOY$ 9DOORS4 

,COLLECT+ ,SP5T ,MUNITIONS 

,S9CE !RE IS SO LITTLE OV]SI<T & SO LITTLE 9=MATION AVAILABLE AB\T ! WEAPONS ?AT TAXPAY]S PAY = POLICE TO %OOT US )1 PROTE/]S HAVE TAK5 TO DOCUM5T+ SP5T %ELL CAS+S TO SEE :AT IS BE+ FIR$ AT !M4 ,COLLECT+ SP5T MUNITIONS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO USEFUL PATT]N ANALYSIS4 ,SOME CITIES HAVE PEOPLE :O >E WILL+ TO COME PICK UP MUNITIONS = ?IS PURPOSE4 ,IF Y\R CITY DOESN'T HAVE ANYONE PURSU+ ?IS1 CONSID] TAK+ IT ON Y\RSELF4 

,! ,NATIONAL ,LAWY]S ,GUILD IS 9T]E/$ 9 KN[+ :AT PEOPLE >E BE+ %OT )2 !Y >E COLLECT+ 9=MATION4 ,SO >E WE4 ,PLEASE CONTACT US ) PHOTOS & 9=MATION4 

,POLICE 9 ,PORTL& SEEM TO BE CONV9C$--OR >E TRY+ TO CONV9CE PEOPLE--?AT PICK+ UP SP5T MUNITIONS IS A CRIME & !Y HAVE ?REAT5$ TO FIRE MORE MUNITIONS AT ANYONE CAU<T DO+ IT4 ,!Y HAVE NOT MANAG$ TO FIGURE \T EXACTLY :AT CRIME IT IS1 & WE >E NOT CURR5TLY AW>E ( ANYONE FAC+ *>GES = DO+ SO4 

,POLICE MUNITIONS >E (T5 F\ND UNEXPLOD$ OR UNFIR$4 ,IT'S UNCLE> TO US IF ?IS IS BECAUSE !SE C>TRIDGES >E FIR+ )\T DEPLOY+ PROP]LY1 IF !Y'RE JAMM+ ! GUN & BE+ EJECT$ UNSP5T1 OR IF POLICE >E SIMPLY DROPP+ MUNITIONS ON ! GR\ND BY ACCID5T4 

,:5 OP5+ A BAG ( SP5T MUNITIONS1 IT IS POSSIBLE TO EXP]I5CE SECOND>Y EFFECTS FROM GAS RESIDUE4 ,CONSID] /OR+ !M D\BLE BAGG$ 9 ZIPLOCK BAGS4 ,ONLY H&LE !M 9 OP5-AIR 5VIRONM5TS :ILE WE>+ GLOVES & PROTECTIVE CLO?+4 

,M>K+ 

,! POLICE SOMETIMES ATTEMPT TO M>K ?OSE P>TICIPAT+ 9 DEMON/RATIONS OR SUSPECT$ ( CRIMES 9 HOPES ( >RE/+ !M LAT]4 ,9 SOME CASES1 !Y MAY SIMPLY USE M>K+ TO FRI<T5 US BY MAK+ US BELIEVE ?AT !Y WILL COME LOOK+ = US1 9 HOPES ( LIMIT+ :AT WE *OOSE TO DO 9 ! /REETS4 ,WE KN[ ( F> MORE TIMES ?AT ! POLICE HAVE US$ M>K+ ?AN TIMES ?AT ?IS M>K+ WAS LAT] US$ TO ID5TIFY PEOPLE = >RE/ OR WAS PRES5T$ AS EVID5CE 9 C\RT4 ,WE W\LD LOVE TO HE> FROM ANYONE ) MORE 9=MATION AB\T M>K+1 :E!R ?R\< EXP]I5CE OR RESE>*4 

,!RE >E REPORTS ( POLICE US+ PEPP]-BALL R\NDS = M>K+ AT LEA/ AS F> BACK AS ! #bc PROTE/S 9 ,MIAMI AGA9/ ! ,FREE ,TRADE ,>EA ( ! ,AM]ICAS M9I/]IAL & ! ,IRAQ ,W> PROTE/S ( ! SAME ]A4 

,WE'VE BE5 ABLE TO ID5TIFY AT LEA/ SEV5 MEANS BY :I* POLICE M>K PEOPLE3 

,MALODORANTS 

,TEMPOR>Y P[D] 

,WA%ABLE PA9T 

,9DELIBLE PA9T 

,U,V DYE 

,D,N,A M>K+ 

,IT IS PROBABLE ?AT COLOR$1 VISIBLE DYE IS US$ AS WELL4 ,!SE >E (T5 PAIR$ ) O!R EFFECTS1 SU* AS #a#b-GAUGE BEANBAG R\NDS LOAD$ ) FLORESC5T GRE5 P[D] OR ,F,N#c#c R\NDS ?AT ADD PA9T OR DYE TO IMPACT WEAPONRY4 ,WE HAVE ALSO RECEIV$ REPORTS ?AT POLICE 9 ,PORTL& HAVE %9$ GRE5 LAS] PO9T]S FROM ! RO(TOPS TO M>K PROTE/]S AS T>GETS = IMPACT WEAPONS OR >RE/4 

,!RE APPE>S TO BE ONLY ONE MALODORANT R\ND ON ! M>KET1 ! #dMM ,B,I,P ,MALODORANT FROM ,SECURITY ,DEVICES ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,9C4 ,IT IS 9T5D$ TO M>K PEOPLE BY SMELL & ALSO TO S]VE AS A CR[D DET]R5T4 ,! SMELL WAS DESCRIB$ BY ,FOX ,NEWS AS 0EGG SALAD MEETS TRA%0 & IS SAID TO DISP]SE FAIRLY QUICKLY4 ,NONE ( US HAVE HE>D ( IT BE+ US$ AT DEMON/RATIONS4 

,M>K+ P[D]1 PA9T1 OR DYE CAN BE APPLI$ VIA ANY MEANS ?AT *EMICALS >E ADM9I/]$4 ,PA9TBALL GUNS1 %OTGUNS1 & MULTI-LAUN*]S ALL HAVE M>K+ R\NDS AVAILABLE1 & WE'VE HE>D REPORTS ( POLICE ADD+ PA9T OR DYE TO !IR WAT] CANNONS4 

,WE HAVE YET TO F9D 9=MATION ON ! EXACT MAKEUP ( ! PA9T OR DYE COMMONLY 9CLUD$ 9 M>K+ R\NDS4 ,SOME MANUFACTUR]S DIVIDE !IR PRODUCTS 9TO 0WA%ABLE10 09DELIBLE10 & 0,U,V0 OR 9TO 0P[D]0 & 0LIQUID40 ,SECURITY ,DEVICES ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,9C41 = EXAMPLE1 CLAIMS ?AT !IR LIQUID M>K+ R\ND LEAVES A 0SEMI-P]MAN5T /A90 ?AT 0REMA9S ON ! T>GET & CLO?+ UP TO #bd H\RS40 ,! DATA %EET = ?AT P>TICUL> R\ND REF]S TO ITS CONT5TS AS A PROPRIET>Y BL5D ( 9]T MAT]IALS4 ,O!R COMPANIES >E NO MORE =?COM+4 

,REMOV+ ,PA9T 

,! EASIE/ WAY TO DEAL ) A M>K ON Y\R CLO!S ?AT ID5TIFIES Y\ AS A SUSPECT IS TO GET RID ( ! CLO!S4 ,Y\ %\LD MAKE ?IS DECISION ACCORD+ TO H[ IMPORTANT !Y >E TO Y\ & :AT Y\ FE> Y\ MI<T BE >RE/$ =4 ,A C\RT CASE IS USUALLY MORE EXP5SIVE ?AN A W9DBREAK]4 ,Y\ MAY ALSO BE ABLE TO LEAVE AN ITEM ( CLO?+ SOME:]E--= EXAMPLE1 9 A BU% OR TRA% CAN--& COME BACK LAT] TO SEE IF Y\ CAN RECOV] IT4 

,WA%ABLE PA9T & *ALK %\LD BE ! EASIE/ TO REMOVE4 ,IT %\LD WA% (F ( SK9 ) WAT]1 OR SOAP & WAT] & SCRUBB+4 ,ONE WAY TO REMOVE WAT]-BAS$ PA9T FROM CLO!S IS TO LET ! PA9T DRY1 !N SCRAPE (F AS MU* AS Y\ CAN ) A BUTT] KNIFE OR ! BACK ( A SPOON2 !N H&-WA% ! ITEM1 PASS+ W>M WAT] ?R\< ! FABRIC FROM BEH9D ! /A91 BLOTT+ IT ) A RAG OR PAP] T[EL2 !N MIX HALF-DET]G5T & HALF-WAT] & RUB ?AT 9TO ! /A94 ,!N R9SE1 & REPEAT ! LA/ /EP UNTIL ! /A9 IS GONE OR Y\ >E NO LONG] DRAW+ PA9T \T ( ! CLO!S4 ,9 A WOR/-CASE SC5>IO1 TRY US+ SMALL AM\NTS ( ACETONE 7NAIL POLI% REMOV]7 OR RUBB+ ALCOHOL--BUT BE ADVIS$1 ?IS MI<T DAMAGE ! ITEM4 

,OIL-BAS$ PA9T1 :I* MI<T BE US$ 9 ! 09DELIBLE0 PA9T1 CAN BE REMOV$ FROM SK9 BY MIX+ OLIVE OIL & DI% SOAP1 LA!R+ UP Y\R SK91 & R9S+ IT (F1 REPEAT+ AS NECESS>Y4 ,Y\ CAN REMOVE OIL-BAS$ PA9T FROM CLO!S BY PUTT+ Y\R CLO!S 9SIDE \T ON A /ACK ( RAGS OR PAP] T[ELS & !N P\R+ TURP5T9E OR ANO!R PA9T ?9N] ONTO ! FABRIC FROM BEH9D ! /A91 BLOTT+ IT ) RAGS4 ,ONCE NO MORE PA9T COMES \T ?AT WAY1 RUB DI%WAT] DET]G5T 9TO ! /A9 & !N LEAVE ! CLO?+ 9 HOT1 SOAPY WAT] OV]NI<T4 ,R9SE IT ?OR\<LY 9 ! MORN+1 !N ?R[ Y\R CLO!S 9TO A WA%+ MA*9E4 

,U,V 9K CAN ALSO BE REMOV$ FROM BO? SK9 & CLO!S4 ,9 SOME WAYS1 IT MAY BE EASI] TO CLEAN ?AN O!R 9KS BECAUSE IT DOESN'T REALLY DRY EXCEPT UND] ,U,V LI<T 7WE >E UNSURE IF ! ,U,V LI<T 9 SUNLI<T WILL CAUSE IT TO DRY74 ,MO/ ,U,V 9K APPE>S TO BE ALCOHOL-SOLUBLE1 SO US+ RUBB+ ALCOHOL OR EV5 HAIRSPRAY %\LD HELP REMOVE IT FROM SK94 ,O!R RECOMM5DATIONS WE HAVE SE5 9CLUDE WA%+ ) DILUT$ BLEA* WAT] OR SCRUBB+ Y\R SK9 ) AN ABRASIVE MIXTURE ( SUG> & DI%WA%+ LIQUID4 ,/ILL O!R PEOPLE MA9TA9 ?AT HOT SOAPY WAT] & PL5TY ( ABRASION WILL DO4 ,Y\ C\LD TRY WA%+ Y\R CLO!S REPEAT$LY 9 HOT WAT]1 *ECK+ ) A ,U,V FLA%LI<T AS Y\ GO4 

,!RE >E *EAP1 SMALL FLA%LI<TS AVAILABLE ?AT COME ) BO? REGUL> & ,U,V ,L,$S4 ,USUALLY1 !Y >E US$ BY EMPLOYES WORK+ DOOR SECURITY TO LOOK = H& /AMPS--OR BY PEOPLE :O >E *ECK+ !IR B$D+ = B$BUGS4 

,D,N,A M>K+ 

,!RE'S PA9T1 !RE'S 9VISIBLE 9K1 & !N !RE'S444 ,D,N,A M>K+4 ,ACTUALLY1 !RE >E TWO DIFF]5T ?+S ?AT >E CALL$ ,D,N,A M>K+4 ,! FIR/ IS A *EMICAL WEAPON1 USUALLY A SPRAY1 ?AT CONTA9S A UNIQUE BL5D ( DIFF]5T METALS & O!R MAT]IALS1 ACT+ AS A SORT ( *EMICAL F+]PR9T ?AT CAN BE ID5TIFI$ LAT]4 ,?IS TYPE ( TAGG+ USES ! WORD ,D,N,A ONLY AS ADV]TIS+ J>GON4 ,EA* CAN1 OR %IPM5T ( CANS1 MI<T CONTA9 ITS [N UNIQUE F+]PR9T1 ?\< WE HAVE NOT BE5 ABLE TO CONFIRM ?IS4 

,! O!R /YLE ( ,D,N,A M>K+ USES ,D,N,A1 LIT]ALLY4 ,?IS ,D,N,A M>K+ IS A SY/EM ?AT M>KS A T>GET ) SYN!TIC ,D,N,A ?AT CAN LIVE ON CLO!S OR SK9 = SEV]AL WEEKS4 ,BO? SY/EMS ( ,D,N,A TAGG+ WORK ! SAME WAY3 IF SOMEONE IS ID5TIFI$ LAT] BY WAY ( !SE TAGS1 ?IS CAN PROVIDE CONCRETE EVID5CE 9 C\RT CONNECT+ !M TO POT5TIAL CRIM9AL BEHAVIOR4 

,!RE IS EV]Y REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT POLICE >E US+ ONE OR BO? ( !SE ME?ODS1 ?\< IT IS H>D TO KN[ :I* ONE & PRECISELY :5 !Y >E US+ IT4 ,! #dMM ,D,N,A ,=5SIC ,M>K+ R\ND1 = EXAMPLE1 MADE BY ,SECURITY ,DEVICES ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,9C1 USES A 0BOTANICAL 5CRYPT$ TAGGANT 9 WAT]0 :I* WE BELIEVE REF]S TO ACTUAL SYN!TIC ,D,N,A4 

,ALL ! ,D,N,A M>K+ MAT]IALS ?AT WE'VE BE5 ABLE TO F9D SEEM TO BE SUSP5D$ 9 ,U,V 9K = DISP]SAL1 AL?\< WE KN[ ( NO REASON ?AT !Y W\LD HAVE TO BE4 

,AS ( ?IS WRIT+1 WE HAVE NOT HE>D ( ANY >RE/S OR C\RT CASES RELAT$ TO ! #bb UPRIS+ ?AT 9VOLV$ ,D,N,A M>K+4 ,MO/ AFT]-!-FACT FELONY >RE/S ( PROTE/]S SEEM TO H+E 9/EAD ( LIVE/REAM FOOTAGE & SOCIAL M$IA PO/S4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT IT IS NOT 9 USE OR ?AT IT WILL NOT BE US$ 9 ! FUTURE4 

,ON ,TWITT]1 ,M9NEAPOLIS POLICE HAVE OP5LY DISCUSS$ US+ ,D,N,A M>K+ SPRAY1 AL?\< !Y HAVE NOT SPECIFICALLY CLAIM$ TO HAVE US$ IT ON PROTE/]S4 ,IT'S POSSIBLE ?AT !Y W]E CONFLAT+ 0,U,V M>K+0 ) 0,D,N,A TAGG+40 

,REMOV+ ,D,N,A M>K+ 

,S9CE ALL AVAILABLE EVID5CE SUGGE/S ?AT ,D,N,A M>K+ IS C>RI$ 9 A ,U,V DYE1 IT SEEMS PROBABLE ?AT IT CAN BE REMOV$ 9 A SIMIL> WAY AS ONE GOES AB\T REMOV+ ,U,V DYE4 ,MO/ MANUFACTUR]S CLAIM ?AT ! M>K+ LA/S = 0DAYS10 OR 0SEV]AL WA%ES10 AL?\< AT LEA/ ONE CLAIMS IT LA/S = 0WEEKS40 

,ONE MANUFACTUR]1 ,SECURITY ,DEVICES ,9T]NATIONAL 7,S,D,I71 CLAIMS ?AT IT LA/S #c-#e DAYS ON A P]SON BUT #b-#e YE>S ON CLO?+4 

,RUMORS FROM ,PORTL& SUGGE/ ?AT ! SYN!TIC ,D,N,A IS DEGRAD$ BY ,U,V LI<T4 ,SOME PEOPLE HAVE SUGGE/$ ?AT ANY CLO!S ?AT ONE MI<T NOT WANT TO DE/ROY OR ?R[ AWAY--= EXAMPLE1 BODY >MOR--%\LD BE LEFT 9 ! SUN = SEV]AL H\RS1 ) SOMEONE TURN+ !M REGUL>LY TO MAKE SURE ALL P>TS ( ! ITEMS >E EXPOS$4 ,SUNLI<T IS BAD = ! PLA/IC POLYM]S ( >MOR1 ESPECIALLY S(T BULLETPRO( VE/S1 SO ?IS MI<T NOT BE RECOMM5D$ = SOME MAT]IALS4 ,PEOPLE ALSO SUGGE/ US+ ALCOHOL OR HYDROG5 P]OXIDE TO BREAK ! ,D,N,A TAG D[N1 BUT ?IS MI<T DEGRADE ! MAT]IAL AS WELL1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! CASE ( HYDROG5 P]OXIDE4 

,IT ALL DEP5DS ON H[ IMPORTANT IT IS TO DE/ROY ! EVID5CE ?AT Y\ W]E 9 A P>TICUL> CR[D AT A P>TICUL> TIME4 ,DEP5D+ ON ! SEV]ITY ( ! RISK1 Y\ MI<T REPLACE ALL ( Y\R AFFECT$ CLO!S & SP5D CONSID]ABLE TIME WA%+ & EXFOLIAT+--OR Y\ C\LD SIMPLY WA% EV]Y?+ A C\PLE TIMES1 TAKE A FEW %[]S1 & *ECK Y\RSELF ) A ,U,V LI<T4 

,SELECTA,D,N,A 

,P]HAPS ! FIR/ COMPANY TO DEVELOP SYN!TIC ,D,N,A M>K+ = POLICE USE WAS ,SELECTA,D,N,A 9 ! ,U,K4 ,SELECTA,D,N,A SELLS ,D,N,A SPRAY1 GEL1 & O!R DEVICES DIRECTLY TO CONSUM]S = ! PURPOSE ( HOME SECURITY4 ,!Y ALSO SELL LESS-LE?AL 4#f#h CALIB] AIR-P[]$ WEAPONS1 A RIFLE & A PI/OL1 TO %OOT ,D,N,A M>K+ R\NDS AT RIOT]S4 ,BO? ( !SE GUNS HAVE AN EFFECTIVE RANGE ( #c-#d MET]S & USE #h-R\ND MAGAZ9ES & A #b-R\ND DISPOSABLE ,C,O#b C>TRIDGE4 ,!Y >E SEMI-AUTOMATIC & CAN FIRE SIX R\NDS 9 A SECOND4 ,EA* COMES EQUIPP$ ) A CAM]A4 ,IT'S UNCLE> IF ! ,SELECTA,D,N,A PELLETS CAN BE FIR$ BY O!R 4#f#h CALIB] AIR GUNS4 

,EA* PACK ( #af PELLETS IS UNIQUELY COD$4 ,9 !ORY1 ?IS MEANS ?AT POLICE CAN DO MORE ?AN >GUE 0?IS P]SON WAS AT ! DEMON/RATION :]E WE %OT EV]YONE ) GRE5 PA9T1 Y\ CAN TELL BY ! GRE5 PA9T0--!Y CAN CLAIM 0?IS IS SOMEONE ,I %OT ) ONE ( !SE #af PELLETS1 AS REGI/]$ ON ! TIME/AMP ( MY RIFLE CAM]A40 

,! SYN!TIC /R&S ( ,D,N,A >E C>RI$ BY A ,U,V 9K SUB/RATE4 ,IT CAN BE DETECT$ ON A SUSPECT ) A ,U,V LI<T OR SMELL$ BY SPECIALLY-TRA9$ DOGS4 ,PRESUMABLY1 ! DOGS >E SMELL+ ! ,U,V 9K1 NOT ! ,D,N,A ITSELF4 

.<#a.> ,DEF5SE ,TE*NOLOGY'S B>RICADE R\NDS1 CALL$ 0,F]RET0 R\NDS1 COME 9 #a#b-GAUGE 7) #b4#e0 %ELLS71 #c#gMM1 & #dMM4 ,! #a#b-GAUGE R\NDS HAVE A VELOCITY ( #a FPS & AN EFFECTIVE RANGE ( #e-#a MET]S4 ,! #c#gMM REPUT$LY HAS A VELOCITY ( #de FPS AN EFFECTIVE RANGE ( #e-#b Y>DS 7?\< WE QUE/ION ?IS #b Y>D CLAIM--IT SEEMS LIKE A TYPOGRAPHICAL ]ROR74 ,! #dMM V>IETY HAS A VELOCITY ( #cbe FPS 7LIQUID7 OR #cge FPS 7P[D]7 & AN EFFECTIVE RANGE ( #$ Y>DS4 

.<#b.> ,ONE *>T WE F\ND COMP>ES A #b#b-9* B>REL ) A #b#h-9* B>REL1 NOT+ ?AT A R\ND WILL FIRE AT #acd FPS FROM ! #b#b-9* & #acca FPS FROM ! #b#h-9*1 BUT ?IS MAY NOT MAP TO ! DIFF]5CE 9 VELOCITY ( A BEANBAG R\ND4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #b#b#a-#a-#d FROM HTTPS3_/_/CRIME?9C4COM_/#b#b#a_/#a_/#d_/A-DEMON/RATORS-GUIDE-TO-UND]/&+-RIOT-MUNITIONS-&-H[-TO-DEF5D-AGA9/-!M47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#c1 #bbb 3 ,A ,DEMON/RATOR'S ,GUIDE TO ,UND]/&+ ,RIOT ,MUNITIONS -- ,ADD$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/