,9TRODUCTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AUFHEB5 

,TEXT 3 

,S9CE ! OCCUPATION ( ,JANU>Y #a#i#i#d1 MANY HAVE PROJECT$ !IR HOPES ONTO ?IS 'EXOTIC' /RUGGLE AGA9/ 'NEO-LIB]ALISM'4 ,WE EXAM9E ! NATURE ( ! ,ZAPATI/A UPRIS+ BY MOV+ BEYOND ! BLU/] ( ! ,E,Z,L,N COMMUNIQUES1 ON :I* SO MANY BASE !IR ANALYSIS4 

,NOT PROLET>IAN1 YET NOT 5TIRELY PEASANT1 ! ,ZAPATI/AS' POLITICAL IDEAS >E RIV5 ) CONTRADICTIONS4 ,WE REJECT ! ACADEMICS' >GUM5T ( ,ZAPATISMO'S C5TRALITY AS ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y SUBJECT1 JU/ AS WE REJECT ! ASS]TIONS ( ! 'ULTRA-LEFT' ?AT BECAUSE ! ,ZAPATI/AS DO NOT HAVE A COMMUNI/ PROGRAM !Y >E SIMPLY COMPLICIT ) CAPITAL4 ,WE SEE ! ,ZAPATI/AS AS A MOM5T 9 ! /RUGGLE TO REPLACE ! REIFI$ COMMUNITY ( CAPITAL ) ! REAL HUMAN COMMUNITY4 ,!IR BATTLE = L& AGA9/ ! RAN*]OS & LATIFUNDI/AS REM9DS US ( CAPITAL'S 7P]MAN5T7 TRANSITIONS RA!R ?AN ITS APP>5T P]MAN5CE4 

,WE HAVE NOT PREVI\SLY FELT MOV$ TO COMM5T ON ! ,ZAPATI/A UPRIS+1 NOT BECAUSE WE HAVE HAD NO 9T]E/1 BUT BECAUSE WE DI/RU/$ ! WAY 9 :I* SO MANY W]E QUICK TO PROJECT !IR HOPES ONTO ?IS 'EXOTIC' /RUGGLE4 ,EV]YONE FROM AN>*I/S TO ,M>XI/-,L59I/S1 9DIG5\S PEOPLE'S FREAKS TO SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 PRIMITIVI/S TO ',?IRD ,WORLD' DEVELOPM5TALI/S -- ALL SEEM$ ABLE TO SEE :AT !Y WANT$ 9 ! /RUGGLE 9 ,*IAPAS4 

,SUBCOMM&ANTE ,M>COS1 ! %REWD ,E,Z,L,N 7,EJ]CITO ,ZAPATI/A DE ,NACIONAL ,LIB]ACION7 SPOKESMAN1 MAXIMIZ$ ! ATTRACTIV5ESS & IMPACT ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS ON PROGRESSIVE OP9ION BY MA9TA9+ A CONSCI\S AMBIGUITY >\ND !IR POLITICS4 ,= US1 H[EV]1 HIS DEMAGOGIC APPEALS TO 'LIB]TY6 JU/ICE6 DEMOCRACY6' W]E SOME?+ ) :I* WE HAD LITTLE AFF9ITY4 ,IT WAS APP>5T ?AT MAK+ S5SE ( ! UPRIS+ W\LD REQUIRE AN UND]/&+ ( :AT ! ,9DIANS W]E DO+ ON ! GR\ND1 DI/9CT BO? FROM ! WAY !IR SPOKESPEOPLE *OSE TO PORTRAY ! /RUGGLE1 & FROM ! WAY 9 :I* ?IS REPRES5TATION WAS TAK5 UP TO FULFILL ! NE$S ( POLITICAL ACTORS 9 V]Y DIFF]5T SITUATIONS4 

,TWO CURR5TS HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO GO BEYOND ! *E]LEAD+ = ! ,ZAPATI/AS TO PROVIDE A MORE !ORETICAL GRASP ( ?IS MOVEM5T4 ',AUTONOMI/ ,M>XISM'1 N[ L>GELY BAS$ 9 ACADEMIA1 HAS EMBRAC$ ! ,*IAPAS REVOLT1 SEE+ IT AS C5TRAL TO A NEW RECOMPOSITION ( ! WORLD WORK+ CLASS4 ,ON ! O!R H& A MU* MORE CRITICAL RESPONSE CAN BE F\ND 9 A NUMB] ( 'ULTRA LEFT'.<#a.> 9SPIR$ >TICLES4 ,AS BO? T5D5CIES FAVOR AUTONOM\S CLASS /RUGGLE & OPPOSE TRADITIONAL LEFTI/ IDEAS1 :Y SU* DIFF]5T CONCLUSIONS ON ! REBELLION8 

,ON ONE LEVEL WE CAN SEE IT AS A MATT] ( A DIFF]5T !ORETICAL APPROA*4 ,:ILE ! AUTONOMI/S FOCUS ON ! MOVEM5T ( /RUGGLE1 ?9K+ 9 T]MS ( A G5]ALIZATION ( ,ZAPATISMO1 ! 'ULTRA LEFT' LOOK MORE TO ! CONT5T ( ,ZAPATI/A POLITICS -- !IR PROGRAM -- ! LIMITS ( :I* !Y ID5TIFY 9 ! DEMOCRATIC & NATIONALI/ FRAMEWORK 9TO :I* ! ,9DIANS' /RUGGLE HAS BE5 PROJECT$4.<#b.> ,AT ! SAME TIME1 :ILE ! AUTONOMI/S WI% TO MOVE ) ! MOOD ( SOLID>ITY & 9SPIRATION ! UPRIS+ HAS CREAT$1 ! 'ULTRA LEFT' >E DI/URB$ BY ! WAY ?AT ID5TIFICATION ) ! ,E,Z,L,N IS FUNCTION+1 :I* HAS SIMIL>ITIES TO ! ROLE ( ANTI-IMP]IALI/ & ,?IRD ,WORLDI/ IDEOLOGY 9 ! PA/4 ,SUPPORT = EXI/+ /RUGGLE CAN BECOME AN IDEOLOGICAL ID5TIFICATION :I* REPRESSES CRITICISM4 ,H[EV]1 CRITICISM ( /RUGGLE DOES NOT HAVE TO LEAD TO AN IDEOLOGICAL TURN AGA9/ IT4 

,\R 9T]E/ 9 ! /RUGGLE 9 ,MEXICO IS H[ IT EXPRESSES ! UNIV]SAL MOVEM5T T[>DS ! SUP]SESSION ( ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION4 ,ONE NE$S TO AVOID ACT+ AS JUDGE ( EV]Y MANIFE/ATION ( ?IS UNIV]SAL MOVEM5T1 DISMISS+ ?OSE MANIFE/ATIONS :I* DON'T MEASURE UP1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME AVOID+ UNCRITICAL PRO/RATION BE=E SU* EXPRESSIONS4 ,! REAL MOVEM5T MU/ ALWAYS BE OP51 SELF-CRITICAL1 PREP>$ TO ID5TIFY LIMITS TO ITS PRES5T PRACTICE1 & TO OV]COME !M4 ,H]E IT IS UND]/OOD ?AT COMMUNISM 'IS NOT AN IDEAL TO :I* REALITY MU/ ACCOMMODATE ITSELF4' ,\R TASK IS TO UND]/&1 & TO BE CONSCI\SLY P>T ( SOME?+ :I* ALREADY TRULY EXI/S -- ! REAL MOVEM5T ?AT SEEKS TO ABOLI% ! EXI/+ CONDITIONS4 

,9TRODUCTION3 ,! ,MEXICAN CONTEXT 

,9 PA/ ISSUES ( ,AUFHEB5 WE HAVE EXAM9$ ! RETREAT BY ! 9T]NATIONAL B\RGEOISIE FROM ! USE ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AS A =M ( M$IAT+ CLASS /RUGGLE1 & ASK$ :E!R IT MAY REAPPE> FROM FUTURE CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,SO F> WE HAVE FOCUS$ \R ATT5TION ON ,EUROPE & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 ,! RETREAT FROM SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IS NOT CONF9$ TO !SE >EAS1 H[EV]4 ,CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ,MEXICO HAS BE5 DI/ORT$ = DECADES BY A P>TICUL>LY DURABLE /RA9 ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 P]SONIFI$ BY ! ,P>TIDO ,REVOLUCION>IO ,9/ITUCIONAL1 ! ,P>TY ( ! ,9/ITUTIONAL ,REVOLUTION 7,P,R,I74 

,SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IS EV]Y:]E 9 RETREAT 9 ,MEXICO4 ,BUT ! REC5T N9E-MON? /RIKE BY /UD5TS ( ! ,AUTONOM\S ,UNIV]SITY ( ,MEXICO 7,U,N,A,M7 OV] TUITION FEES & ! ELECTRICITY WORK]S' SUCCESSFUL CAMPAIGN AGA9/ PRIVATIZATION ( ! P[] GRID >E BO? 9DICATIONS ( A NEW CLIMATE ( RESI/ANCE TO ! WAVES ( ECONOMIC RATIONALIZATION4 ,M>*+ TOGE!R 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY DEM&+ ! RELEASE ( POLITICAL PRISON]S1 !Y HAVE =MULAT$ ! BEG9N+S ( AN ALT]NATIVE TO SO-CALL$ 'NEOLIB]ALISM'.<#c.> -- AN ALT]NATIVE1 IT MU/ BE SAID1 ?AT AS YET APPE>S UNABLE TO MOVE BEYOND ! CRU%+ WEI<T ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ?AT IS ! H]ITAGE ( ! ,MEXICAN WORK+ CLASS4 

,IF ANY?+ 9 ! REC5T HI/ORY ( CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ?IS GIGANTIC C\NTRY IS ABLE TO LOOK PRACTICALLY BEYOND SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 TO ! POSSIBILITY ( ! CON/ITUTION ( HUMAN COMMUNITY OV] ! REIFI$ COMMUNITY ( CAPITAL1 IT IS ! /RUGGLE ( ! ,ZAPATI/A ,9DIANS ( ,*IAPAS4 

,A BRIEF *RONOLOGY .<#d.> 

,! ,ZAPATI/AS FIR/ CAME TO ! ATT5TION ( ,MEXICO1 & ! WORLD1 :5 !Y OCCUPI$ ! ,*IAPAN T[NS ( ,SAN ,CRI/OBAL DE LAS ,CASAS1 ,LAS ,M>G>ITAS1 ,ALTAMIRANO & ,OCOS+O ON ,JANU>Y #a/ #a#i#i#d1 ! DAY ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,FREE ,TRADE ,AGREEM5T 7,N,A,F,T,A7 WAS DUE TO BEG9 OP]ATION4 ,AFT] DE/ROY+ CIVIL RECORDS & READ+ \T !IR PROCLAMATION ( REVOLT FROM ! BALCONY ( ! ,T[N ,HALL1 ! ,E,Z,L,N LAID SIEGE TO ! NE>BY MILIT>Y BASE ( ,RAN*O ,NUEVO1 CAPTUR+ WEAPONS & RELEAS+ PRISON]S FROM ! REGION'S JAILS4 ,! ,MEXICAN >MY RESPOND$ SAVAGELY4 ,! ,ZAPATI/A >MY WAS DISLODG$ RELATIVELY EASILY FROM ! T[NS 7AL?\< !RE WAS QUITE A FI<T 9 ,OCOS+O7 & AIR =CE BOMB]S FOLL[$ ! RETREAT+ 9DIG5\S SOLDI]S BACK 9TO ! HI<L&S1 ,LOS ,ALTOS4 ,JANU>Y #a? SAW A HALF-MILLION /RONG DEMON/RATION = PEACE 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY4 

,)9 DAYS ! ,PRESID5T1 ,C>LOS ,SAL9AS1 UNN]V$ BY ! SYMPA!TIC ATT5TION ! ,9DIANS W]E RECEIV+ & ! JITT]S ( ! /OCK M>KET1 :I* HAD LO/ #f4#b.0 ( ITS VALUE S9CE ! UPRIS+ HAD BEGUN1 CALL$ A HALT TO ! BOMB+S & SUMM>Y EXECUTIONS4 ,FEBRU>Y & ,M>* SAW PEACE NEGOTIATIONS TAKE PLACE 9 ,SAN ,CRI/OBAL1 AT :I* TIME ! POPUL> IMAGE ( ! REBEL ,9DIAN DRESS$ 9 BLACK1 WE>+ A SKI-MASK & TOT+ A GUN BECAME AN >*ETYPE4 ,?IS P]IOD ALSO SAW ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,MEXICAN M$IA'S LOVE AFFAIR ) ,SUBCOMM&ANTE ,M>COS1 ! APP>5T SPOKESMAN ( ! ,E,Z,L,N4 

,DESPITE VISIBLE HEADWAY1 ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! LAD9O 7,EUROPEAN BLOOD7 POLITICIANS & ! 9DIG5\S PEASANT W]E IRRECONCILABLE4 ,! ,P,R,I WI%$ TO LIMIT ! NEGOTIATIONS1 & !RE=E ! UPRIS+ ITSELF1 TO ! /ATUS ( A 'LOCAL DIFFICULTY4' ,! ,9DIANS WANT$ TO 9T]V5E POLITICALLY ON A MU* BROAD] SCALE4 ,ONCE ! NEGOTIATIONS HAD 5D$1 ! ,E,Z,L,N REPRES5TATIVES TOOK ! PROPOSALS BACK TO ! VILLAGE ASSEMBLIES ( ! ,ZAPATI/A HE>TL&S :]E1 AFT] ?REE MON?S ( DISCUSSION1 !Y W]E MASSIVELY REJECT$4 ,A RETURN TO W>1 H[EV]1 WAS LITTLE MORE ?AN SUICIDE4 

,TO OV]COME ?IS B9D1 ! ,ZAPATI/AS DECID$ TO CALL A ,NATIONAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONV5TION 7,C,N,D7 9 !IR JUNGLE BASE ( ! ,LAC&ON4 ,COM+ WEEKS BE=E ! ,PRESID5TIAL ELECTION1 :I* IS HELD EV]Y SIX YE>S 9 ,MEXICO1 ! ,C,N,D W\LD BE AN OPPORTUNITY TO BR+ ALL ! ANTI-,P,R,I ELEM5TS ( 'CIVIL SOCIETY' TOGE!R TO DISCUSS /RATEGY4 ,BUT IF ! ,CONV5TION WAS A SUCCESS 9 T]MS ( ! NUMB]S ATT5D+1 & !RE=E A TIMELY MORALE-BOO/] = ! BESIEG$ ,9DIANS1 NO?+ CONCRETE CAME ( IT4 ,DEF9$ ONLY BY !IR HATR$ ( ! ,P,R,I1 !SE DISP>ATE GR\PS C\LD AGREE ON NO?+3 ! 9SPIRATION !Y TOOK FROM ! /RUGGLE ( ! ,9DIANS DID NOT TRANSLATE 9TO A COMMON POLITICAL PROJECT4.<#e.> ,) ! R\T9E REELECTION ( ! ,P,R,I C&IDATE1 ,]NE/O ,Z$ILLO1 LAT] ?AT MON?1 ! ,E,Z,L,N W5T 9TO CRISIS & /AY$ QUIET AT ! NATIONAL LEVEL = A NUMB] ( MON?S4 

,?R\<\T #a#i#i#d-#i#e ?\<1 ! ,9DIANS ( EA/]N ,*IAPAS W]E SEIZ+ MORE & MORE L& 7OV] #a1#e PROP]TIES REPRES5T+ MORE ?AN #i1 HECT>ES W]E TAK5 9 ! P]IOD UP TO ,JUNE #a#i#i#e71 EVICT+ L&[N]S & ORGANIZ+ !IR NEW VILLAGES 9TO AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITIES4 ,PROTECT$ FROM ! VIOL5CE ( ! L&[N]'S PRIVATE >MIES1 ! ,GU>DIAS ,BLANCAS 7,:ITE ,GU>DS7 & O!R ASSORT$ GOONS BY ! IMPLI$ ?REAT ( ,E,Z,L,N GUNS1 !SE MUNICIPALITIES1 ( :I* !RE >E CURR5TLY ?IRTY-TWO1 W]E GR[+ EV] L>G] & ?REAT5$ TO 5CROA* UPON ! VITAL OIL FIELDS ( NOR?-EA/ ,*IAPAS4 ,MEAN:ILE ! >MY TI<T5$ ITS CORDON1 BUILD+ NEW ROADS & BASES4 

,DECEMB] #aiid SAW ! ,E,Z,L,N BREAK ?R\< ! BLOCKADE & SURR\ND ! ,MEXICAN >MY1 BE=E DISAPPE>+ 9TO ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,9 ,MEXICO ,CITY1 9VE/M5T FLOOD$ \T ( ! /OCK M>KET AFT] ,Z$ILLO WAS =C$ TO DEVALUE ! PESO DRAMATICALLY1 AN ACTION AS TRADITIONAL = ! ,P,R,I AS !IR R\T9E POLL+ VICTORIES4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #aiie ! >MY LAUN*$ A NEW (F5SIVE ) MU* DE/RUCTION ( VILLAGES & CROPS4 ,DEMON/RATIONS W]E IMM$IATE 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY4 ,N[ ! SLOGAN WAS NOT ',PEACE 9 ,*IAPAS' BUT ',WE >E ALL ,ZAPATI/AS'4 ,ONCE AGA9 ! >MY QUICKLY CALL$ (F !IR BLUDGEON+4 

,LAT] ?AT YE> NEW PEACE TALKS BEGAN 9 ! ,ZAPATI/A T[N ( ,SAN ,&RES ,L>RA9Z>4 ,! ,P,R,I W\LD DISCUSS ONLY 9DIG5\S ISSUES1 & REFUS$ TO C\NT5ANCE ANY ,ZAPATI/A CRITICISM ( ,MEXICO'S NEW NEOLIB]AL ECONOMICS4 ,AL?\< AN ,ACCORD ON ,9DIG5\S ,RI<TS & ,CULTURES WAS SIGN$1 :I* ! ,ZAPATI/AS /ILL VIEW AS A GREAT VICTORY1 ! ,P,R,I HAS S9CE REFUS$ TO IMPLEM5T IT ANY:]E4 ,?IS ,ACCORD WAS 9T5D$ TO BE ! FIR/ ( FIVE1 BUT IT WAS BY N[ CLE> ?AT ! ,P,R,I W]E US+ ! PEACE TALKS TO BUY TIME 9 :I* TO FUR!R MILIT>IZE EA/]N ,*IAPAS4 ,! ,E,Z,L,N CANCEL$ ! DISCUSSIONS4 

,JULY #a#i#i#f1 ) ! PEACE PROCESS /ILL O/5SIBLY GO+ =W>D1 SAW ! ',FIR/ ,9T]CONT95TAL ,GA!R+ = ,HUMANITY & AGA9/ ,NEOLIB]ALISM' 7,5CU5TRO74 ,F\R ?\S& DELEGATES FROM MANY DIFF]5T C\NTRIES ATT5D$ ?IS 9AUGURAL CONF]5CE 9 ! ,LAC&ON JUNGLE4 ,TWO HAVE BE5 HELD S9CE1 9 ,SPA9 & ,BRAZIL4 ,SUMM] '#i#f ALSO SAW ! APPE>ANCE ( A NEW GU]RILLA GR\P1 ! ,EJ]CITO ,POPUL> ,REVOLUCION>IO 7,E,P,R7 :I* ATTACK$ ! >MY 9 ITS HOME /ATE ( ,GU]R]O4 ,! ,E,Z,L,N REFUS$ TO DEVELOP L9KS ) ! ,E,P,R1 ACCUS+ !M ( REPRODUC+ A P>TICUL> TYPE ( VANGU>D MODEL ( >M$ /RUGGLE :I* IS SOMETIMES CALL$ FOQUISMO 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,! LA/ C\PLE ( YE>S HAS1 H[EV]1 SE5 A SPLIT 9 ! ,E,P,R1 FROM :I* ! ,E,P,R-,I 7,E,P,R-,9DIG5\S7 HAS EM]G$4 ,?IS GR\P HAS BAS$ ITSELF ON ! ,ZAPATI/A MODEL & SOME L9KS HAVE BE5 DEVELOP$ ) ! ,E,Z,L,N4 ,H[EV]1 REC5TLY ! /RUCTURE ( ! ,E,P,R-,I HAS BE5 AFFECT$ BY ! CAPTURE & IMPRISONM5T ( SOME ( ITS LEAD]S BY ! /ATE4 

,UNABLE TO REA* ANY ACCOMMODATION ) ! ,P,R,I YET UNABLE TO RE/>T !IR W>1 ! ,E,Z,L,N CONT9UE TO F9D !MSELVES AT AN IMPASSE4 ,! CREATION ( ! ,F,Z,L,N 7,FR5TE ,ZAPATI/A DE ,NACIONAL ,LIB]ACION7 DUR+ #aiif WAS AN ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE A POLITICAL =UM \TSIDE ,*IAPAS = 'CIVIL SOCIETY'4 ,SET UP BY ! ,ZAPATI/AS1 !Y !MSELVES HAVE REFUS$ TO JO91 CLAIM+ ?AT !Y MI<T DOM9ATE PROCE$+S4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY ! ,F,Z,L,N HAS BE5 RIV5 BY ! IDEOLOGICAL AMBITIONS ( ! ,MEXICO ,CITY LEFT1 & IS COMMONLY CONSID]$ A FAILURE4 

,S9CE !N ! ,ZAPATI/AS HAVE FALL5 BACK UPON NATIONWIDE PUBLICITY DRIVES4 ,!SE HAVE ! DUAL ROLE ( KEEP+ !IR /RUGGLE & ! MILIT>IZATION ( EA/]N ,*IAPAS 9 ! PUBLIC EYE1 :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY BUILD+ SOLID>ITY NETWORKS AS !Y REA* \T ACROSS ,MEXICO4 ,SEPTEMB] #aiig SAW #a1#a#a#a ,ZAPATI/AS1 ONE FROM EA* AUTONOM\S VILLAGE1 M>* FROM ,*IAPAS TO ,MEXICO ,CITY1 PICK+ UP SUPPORT]S ALONG ! WAY4 ,M>* #aiii SAW ,LA ,CONSULTA3 #e MALE & FEMALE ,ZAPATI/AS VISIT$ EV]Y MUNICIPALITY 9 ,MEXICO 9 ORD] TO HOLD A BALLOT ON 9DIG5\S RI<TS & ! MILIT>Y BUILDUP 9 ,*IAPAS4 

,DESPITE ! BLOCKADE1 ! ,MEXICAN >MY IS UNABLE TO BREAK ! P[] ( ! AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITIES4 ,?IS IS P>TLY BECAUSE ! MEASURES NE$$ TO A*IEVE ?IS W\LD RESULT 9 EA/]N ,*IAPAS BECOM+ A *>NEL H\SE1 & ! ,P,R,I HAS BE5 UNWILL+ TO C\RT ?AT SORT ( 9T]NATIONAL ATT5TION4 ,! >MY = !IR P>T >E RELUCTANT4 ,! G5]ALS KN[ !IR TROOPS COME L>GELY FROM ,MEXICO'S URBAN SLUMS & HAVE NO REAL QU>REL ) ! ,ZAPATI/AS4 ,A PROLONG$ & VICI\S ATTACK C\LD QUICKLY BR+ 9SUBORD9ATION & MUT9Y 9TO ! PICTURE4 ,9DE$1 ACCORD+ TO ONE (FIC] :O HAS S9CE FL$ TO ! ,U,S1 >\ND A HUNDR$ ,MEXICAN SOLDI]S DES]T$ 9 ! OP5+ WEEKS ( ! ,*IAPAS W>4 ,9/EAD1 ! >MY HAVE TAK5 TO TRA9+ P>AMILIT>IES1 = :I* !Y AFT]W>DS CLAIM NO RESPONSIBILITY4 ,! GR\P ,MASC>A ,ROJO 7,R$ ,MASK7 C>RI$ \T ! ,ACTEAL MASSACRE ( ,DECEMB] #a#i#i#g1 ! S+LE WOR/ ATROCITY YET 9 ?IS /RUGGLE1 9 :I* #de ,E,Z,L,N SYMPA?IZ]S1 9CLUD+ WOM5 & *ILDR51 W]E GUNN$ D[N4 ,NATURALLY ! ,P,R,I !N USE SU* MOM5TS TO JU/IFY S5D+ YET MORE TROOPS 9TO ! >EA -- 9 ORD] TO 'CONTROL ! P>AMILIT>IES'4 ,EV5 SO1 ! >MY HAS OCCASIONALLY BE5 LET (F ! LEA%3 ,APRIL TO ,JUNE #aiih SAW ATTACKS ON ! AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITIES ( ,FLORES ,MAGON1 ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD & ,SAN ,JUAN DE ,LIB]TAD4 ,AS A RESULT ( !SE & O!R 9CURSIONS1 ! NUMB] ( REFUGEES 9 ,*IAPAS IS N[ OV] #b14 

#aiii SAW BETT] PROSPECTS4 ,9 ,SEPTEMB] HUNDR$S ( ,U,N,A,M /RIK]S TRAVEL$ TO ,*IAPAS = MEET+S ) ! ,E,Z4 ,DESP]ATE TO /OP ! TWO SIDES MEET+1 ! >MY & POLICE PULL$ \T ALL ! /OPS ON ! DIRT ROADS LEAD+ TO ! AUTONOM\S COMMUNITIES1 ?\< A FEW GOT ?R\<4 ,! ,U,N,A,M OCCUPATION 9 ,MEXICO ,CITY WAS SMA%$ BY AN 5ORM\S DAWN RAID 9 ,FEBRU>Y #b & HUNDR$S ( /UD5TS 9C>C]AT$ ON LUDICR\S T]RORISM *>GES4 ,! ,U,N,A,M /RIKE1 ! L>GE/ /UD5T MOVEM5T S9CE #a#i#f#h1 C\LD HAVE ALL SORTS ( EFFECTS ON ,MEXICO'S CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,NO D\BT SOME /UD5TS WILL BE RECUP]AT$ BY ! /ATE BUT FUR!R CONTE/ATION SEEMS 9EVITABLE = MANY4 ,! 9DEP5D5T ELECTRICITY WORK]S UNION HAS ALSO S5T DELEGATIONS TO EA/]N ,*IAPAS4 ,9 !IR FI<T AGA9/ PRIVATIZATION ( ! ELECTRICITY GRID !Y HAVE =M$ A ,NATIONAL ,=UM :I* HAS BE5 JO9$ BY OV] TWO HUNDR$ 9DEP5D5T UNION SECTIONS & O!R SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! ELECTRI/AS APPE> TO HAVE WON !IR BATTLE1 ?\< ! ?REAT HAS BE5 LIFT$ P>TLY BECAUSE PRIVATIZATION REMA9S UNPOPUL> & #b IS AN ELECTION YE>4 ,RATIONALIZATION 9 ! ELECTRICITY 9DU/RY C\LD EASILY BE RESURRECT$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE 9 #ba OR #b#b4 ,! SOIL 9 :I* !SE /RUGGLES >E ROOT$ IS /ILL F]TILE4 ,AS ! ,ZAPATI/A SUPPORT]S 9 ,SAN ,CRI/OBAL SAY ',NOBODY 9 ,MEXICO KN[S :AT WILL HAPP5 NEXT4' 

,! PRES5T >TICLE IS AN ATTEMPT TO ANALYZE ! NATURE ( ! ,ZAPATI/A UPRIS+ BY MOV+ BEYOND ! BLU/] ( ! ,E,Z,L,N COMMUNIQUES1 ON :I* SO MANY BASE !IR ANALYSIS ( ! ,E,Z,L,N4 ,FIR/ H[EV]1 WE MU/ EXAM9E ! ROOTS ( ! MOD]N /ATE -- ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,ADD$4 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,UPDAT$4 

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