,A ,BRIEF ,HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICA'S ,COLD-,BLOOD$1 ,T]RORI/IC ,TREATM5T ( ,CUBA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY 

,TEXT 3 

,! E/ABLI%M5T ( DIPLOMATIC TIES BETWE5 ! ,U,S & ,CUBA HAS BE5 WIDELY HAIL$ AS AN EV5T ( HI/ORIC IMPORTANCE4 ,CORRESPOND5T ,JOHN ,LEE ,&]SON1 :O HAS WRITT5 P]CEPTIVELY AB\T ! REGION1 SUMS UP A G5]AL REACTION AMONG LIB]AL 9TELLECTUALS :5 HE WRITES1 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK]1 ?AT3 

0,B>ACK ,OBAMA HAS %[N ?AT HE CAN ACT AS A /ATESMAN ( HI/ORIC HEFT4 ,& SO1 AT ?IS MOM5T1 HAS ,RAUL ,CA/RO4 ,= ,CUBANS1 ?IS MOM5T WILL BE EMOTIONALLY CA?>TIC AS WELL AS HI/ORICALLY TRANS=MATIONAL4 ,!IR RELATION%IP ) !IR WEAL?Y1 P[]FUL NOR!RN ,AM]ICAN NEI<BOR HAS REMA9$ FROZ5 9 ! N9ETE5-SIXTIES = FIFTY YE>S4 ,TO A SURREAL DEGREE1 !IR DE/9IES HAVE BE5 FROZ5 AS WELL4 ,= ,AM]ICANS1 ?IS IS IMPORTANT1 TOO4 ,PEACE ) ,CUBA TAKES US MOM5T>ILY BACK TO ?AT GOLD5 TIME :5 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS A BELOV$ NATION ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 :5 A Y\NG & H&SOME ,J4,F4,K4 WAS 9 (FICE-BE=E ,VIETNAM1 BE=E ,ALL5DE1 BE=E ,IRAQ & ALL ! O!R MIS]IES -- & ALL[S US TO FEEL PR\D AB\T \RSELVES = F9ALLY DO+ ! RI<T ?+40 

,! PA/ IS NOT QUITE AS IDYLLIC AS IT IS PORTRAY$ 9 ! P]SI/+ ,CAMELOT IMAGE4 ,J,F,K WAS NOT 0BE=E ,VIETNAM0 - OR EV5 BE=E ,ALL5DE & ,IRAQ1 BUT LET US PUT ?AT ASIDE4 ,9 ,VIETNAM1 :5 ,J,F,K 5T]$ (FICE ! BRUTALITY ( ! ,DIEM REGIME ?AT ! ,U,S HAD IMPOS$ HAD ELICIT$ DOME/IC RESI/ANCE ?AT IT C\LD NOT CONTROL4 ,K5N$Y WAS !RE=E CONFRONT$ BY :AT HE CALL$ AN 0ASSAULT FROM ! 9SIDE10 09T]NAL AGGRESSION0 9 ! 9T]E/+ PHRASE FAVOR$ BY HIS ,U,N ,AMBASSADOR ,ADLAI ,/EV5SON4 

,K5N$Y !RE=E AT ONCE ESCALAT$ ! ,U,S 9T]V5TION TO \TRI<T AGGRESSION1 ORD]+ ! ,U,S ,AIR ,=CE TO BOMB ,S\? ,VIETNAM 7UND] ,S\? ,VIETNAMESE M>K+S1 :I* DECEIV$ NO ONE71 AU?ORIZ+ NAPALM & *EMICAL W>F>E TO DE/ROY CROPS & LIVE/OCK1 & LAUN*+ PROGRAMS TO DRIVE PEASANTS 9TO VIRTUAL CONC5TRATION CAMPS TO 0PROTECT !M0 FROM ! GU]RILLAS :OM ,WA%+TON KNEW !Y W]E MO/LY SUPPORT+4 

,BY #a#i#f#c1 REPORTS FROM ! GR\ND SEEM$ TO 9DICATE ?AT ,K5N$Y'S W> WAS SUCCE$+1 BUT A S]I\S PROBLEM >OSE4 ,9 ,AUGU/1 ! ADM9I/RATION LE>N$ ?AT ! ,DIEM GOV]NM5T WAS SEEK+ NEGOTIATIONS ) ! ,NOR? TO 5D ! CONFLICT4 

,IF ,J,F,K HAD HAD ! SLI<TE/ 9T5TION TO )DRAW1 ?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 A P]FECT OPPORTUNITY TO DO SO GRACEFULLY1 ) NO POLITICAL CO/1 EV5 CLAIM+1 9 ! USUAL /YLE1 ?AT IT WAS ,AM]ICAN =TITUDE & PR9CIPL$ DEF5SE ( FRE$OM ?AT COMPELL$ ! ,NOR? ,VIETNAMESE TO SURR5D]4 ,9/EAD1 ,WA%+TON BACK$ A MILIT>Y C\P TO 9/ALL HAWKI% G5]ALS MORE ATTUN$ TO ,J,F,K'S ACTUAL COMMITM5TS2 ,PRESID5T ,DIEM & HIS BRO!R W]E MURD]$ 9 ! PROCESS4 ,) VICTORY APP>5TLY )9 SI<T1 ,K5N$Y RELUCTANTLY ACCEPT$ A PROPOSAL BY ,DEF5SE ,SECRET>Y ,ROB]T ,MC,NAM>A TO BEG9 )DRAW+ TROOPS 7,N,S,A,M #b#f#c71 BUT ONLY ) A CRUCIAL PROVISO3 ,AFT] ,VICTORY4 ,K5N$Y MA9TA9$ ?AT DEM& 9SI/5TLY UNTIL HIS ASSASS9ATION A FEW WEEKS LAT]4 ,MANY ILLUSIONS HAVE BE5 CONCOCT$ AB\T !SE EV5TS1 BUT !Y COLLAPSE QUICKLY UND] ! WEI<T ( ! RI* DOCUM5T>Y RECORD4 

,! /ORY ELSE:]E WAS ALSO NOT QUITE AS IDYLLIC AS 9 ! ,CAMELOT LEG5DS4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ CONSEQU5TIAL ( ,K5N$Y'S DECISIONS WAS 9 #a#i#f#b1 :5 HE EFFECTIVELY %IFT$ ! MISSION ( ! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y FROM 0HEMISPH]IC DEF5SE0 -- A HOLDOV] FROM ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I -- TO 09T]NAL SECURITY10 A EUPHEMISM = W> AGA9/ ! DOME/IC 5EMY1 ! POPULATION4 ,! RESULTS W]E DESCRIB$ BY ,*>LES ,MAE*L+1 :O L$ ,U,S C\NT]9SURG5CY & 9T]NAL DEF5SE PLANN+ FROM #aifa TO #a#i#f#f4 ,K5N$Y'S DECISION1 HE WROTE1 %IFT$ ,U,S POLICY FROM TOL]ATION 0( ! RAPACITY & CRUELTY ( ! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y0 TO 0DIRECT COMPLICITY0 9 !IR CRIMES1 TO ,U,S SUPPORT = 0! ME?ODS ( ,HE9RI* ,HIMML]'S EXT]M9ATION SQUADS40 ,?OSE :O DO NOT PREF] :AT 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS SPECIALI/ ,MI*AEL ,GL5NON CALL$ 09T5TIONAL IGNORANCE0 CAN EASILY LL 9 ! DETAILS4 

,9 ,CUBA1 ,K5N$Y 9H]IT$ ,EIS5H[]'S POLICY ( EMB>GO & =MAL PLANS TO OV]?R[ ! REGIME1 & QUICKLY ESCALAT$ !M ) ! ,BAY ( ,PIGS 9VASION4 ,! FAILURE ( ! 9VASION CAUS$ NE> HY/]IA 9 ,WA%+TON4 ,AT ! FIR/ CAB9ET MEET+ AFT] ! FAIL$ 9VASION1 ! ATMOSPH]E WAS 0ALMO/ SAVAGE10 

,UND] ,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE ,*E/] ,B[LES NOT$ PRIVATELY3 0!RE WAS AN ALMO/ FRANTIC REACTION = AN ACTION PROGRAM40 ,K5N$Y >TICULAT$ ! HY/]IA 9 HIS PUBLIC PRON\NCEM5TS3 0,! COMPLAC5T1 ! SELF-9DULG5T1 ! S(T SOCIETIES >E AB\T TO BE SWEPT AWAY ) ! DEBRIS ( HI/ORY4 ,ONLY ! /RONG 444 CAN POSSIBLY SURVIVE10 HE TOLD ! C\NTRY1 ?\< WAS AW>E1 AS HE SAID PRIVATELY1 ?AT ALLIES 0?9K ?AT WE'RE SLI<TLY DEM5T$0 ON ! SUBJECT ( ,CUBA4 ,NOT )\T REASON4 

,K5N$Y'S ACTIONS W]E TRUE TO HIS WORDS4 ,HE LAUN*$ A MURD]\S T]RORI/ CAMPAIGN DESIGN$ TO BR+ 0! T]RORS ( ! E>?0 TO ,CUBA -- HI/ORIAN & ,K5N$Y ADVIS] ,>?UR ,S*LES+]'S PHRASE1 REF]R+ TO ! PROJECT ASSIGN$ BY ! PRESID5T TO HIS BRO!R ,ROB]T ,K5N$Y AS HIS HI<E/ PRIORITY4 ,AP>T FROM KILL+ ?\S&S ( PEOPLE ALONG ) L>GE-SCALE DE/RUCTION1 ! T]RORS ( ! E>? W]E A MAJOR FACTOR 9 BR++ ! WORLD TO ! BR9K ( A T]M9AL NUCLE> W>1 AS REC5T S*OL>%IP REVEALS4 ,! ADM9I/RATION RESUM$ ! T]RORI/ ATTACKS AS SOON AS ! MISSILE CRISIS SUBSID$4 

,A /&>D WAY TO EVADE ! UNPLEASANT TOPIC IS TO KEEP TO ! ,C,I,A ASSASS9ATION PLOTS AGA9/ ,CA/RO1 RIDICUL+ !IR ABSURDITY4 ,!Y DID EXI/1 BUT W]E A M9OR FOOTNOTE TO ! T]RORI/ W> LAUN*$ BY ! ,K5N$Y BRO!RS AFT] ! FAILURE ( !IR ,BAY ( ,PIGS 9VASION1 A W> ?AT IS H>D TO MAT* 9 ! ANNALS ( 9T]NATIONAL T]RORISM4 

,!RE IS N[ MU* DEBATE AB\T :E!R ,CUBA %\LD BE REMOV$ FROM ! LI/ ( /ATES SUPPORT+ T]RORISM4 ,IT CAN ONLY BR+ TO M9D ! WORDS ( ,TACITUS ?AT 0CRIME ONCE EXPOS$ HAD NO REFUGE BUT 9 AUDACITY40 ,EXCEPT ?AT IT IS NOT EXPOS$1 ?ANKS TO ! 0TREASON ( ! 9TELLECTUALS40 

,ON TAK+ (CE AFT] ! ASSASS9ATION1 ,PRESID5T ,JOHNSON RELAX$ ! T]RORISM1 :I* H[EV] CONT9U$ ?R\< ! #a#i#iS4 ,BUT HE WAS NOT AB\T TO ALL[ ,CUBA TO SURVIVE 9 PEACE4 ,HE EXPLA9$ TO ,S5ATOR ,FULBRI<T ?AT ?\< 0,I'M NOT GETT+ 9TO ANY ,BAY ( ,PIGS DEAL10 HE WANT$ ADVICE AB\T 0:AT WE \<T TO DO TO P9* !IR NUTS MORE ?AN WE'RE DO+40 ,COMM5T+1 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA HI/ORIAN ,L>S ,S*\LTZ OBS]VES ?AT 0,NUT-P9*+ HAS BE5 ,U4,S4 POLICY EV] S9CE40 

,SOME1 TO BE SURE1 HAVE FELT ?AT SU* DELICATE MEANS >E NOT 5\<1 = EXAMPLE1 ,NIXON CAB9ET MEMB] ,ALEX&] ,HAIG1 :O ASK$ ! PRESID5T TO 0JU/ GIVE ME ! WORD & ,I'LL TURN ?AT F--- ISL& 9TO A P>K+ LOT40 ,HIS ELOQU5CE CAPTUR$ VIVIDLY ! LONG-/&+ FRU/RATION ( ,U,S LEAD]S AB\T 0,?AT 9F]NAL LITTLE ,CUBAN REPUBLIC10 ,!ODORE ,ROOSEVELT'S PHRASE AS HE RANT$ 9 FURY OV] ,CUBAN UNWILL+NESS TO ACCEPT GRACI\SLY ! ,U,S 9VASION ( #ahih TO BLOCK !IR LIB]ATION FROM ,SPA9 & TURN !M 9TO A VIRTUAL COLONY4 ,SURELY HIS C\RAGE\S RIDE UP ,SAN ,JUAN ,HILL HAD BE5 9 A NOBLE CAUSE 7OV]LOOK$1 COMMONLY1 IS ?AT ,AFRICAN-,AM]ICAN BATTALIONS W]E L>GELY RESPONSIBLE = CONQU]+ ! HILL74 

,CUBA HI/ORIAN ,L\IS ,P]EZ WRITES ?AT ! ,U,S 9T]V5TION1 HAIL$ AT HOME AS A HUMANIT>IAN 9T]V5TION TO LIB]ATE ,CUBA1 A*IEV$ ITS ACTUAL OBJECTIVES3 0,A ,CUBAN W> ( LIB]ATION WAS TRANS=M$ 9TO A ,U4,S4 W> ( CONQUE/10 ! 0,SPANI%-,AM]ICAN W>0 9 IMP]IAL NOM5CLATURE1 DESIGN$ TO OBSCURE ! ,CUBAN VICTORY ?AT WAS QUICKLY ABORT$ BY ! 9VASION4 ,! \TCOME RELIEV$ ,AM]ICAN ANXIETIES AB\T 0:AT WAS ANA!MA TO ALL ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN POLICYMAK]S S9CE ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON -- ,CUBAN 9DEP5D5CE40 

,H[ ?+S HAVE *ANG$ 9 TWO C5TURIES4 

,!RE HAVE BE5 T5TATIVE EF=TS TO IMPROVE RELATIONS 9 ! PA/ #e YE>S1 REVIEW$ 9 DETAIL BY ,WILLIAM ,LEO,GR&E & ,PET] ,KORNBLUH 9 !IR REC5T COMPREH5SIVE /UDY1 ,BACK ,*ANNEL TO ,CUBA4 ,:E!R WE %\LD FEEL 0PR\D AB\T \RSELVES0 = ! /EPS ?AT ,OBAMA HAS TAK5 MAY BE DEBAT$1 BUT !Y >E 0! RI<T ?+10 EV5 ?\< ! CRU%+ EMB>GO REMA9S 9 PLACE 9 DEANCE ( ! 5TIRE WORLD 7,ISRAEL EXCEPT$7 & T\RISM IS /ILL B>R$4 ,9 HIS ADDRESS TO ! NATION ANN\NC+ ! NEW POLICY1 ! PRESID5T MADE IT CLE> ?AT 9 O!R RESPECTS TOO1 ! PUNI%M5T ( ,CUBA = REFUS+ TO B5D TO ,U,S WILL & VIOL5CE WILL CONT9UE1 REPEAT+ PRETEXTS ?AT >E TOO LUDICR\S = COMM5T4 

,WOR?Y ( ATT5TION1 H[EV]1 >E ! PRESID5T'S WORDS1 SU* AS ! FOLL[+3 

0,PR\DLY1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS SUPPORT$ DEMOCRACY & HUMAN RI<TS 9 ,CUBA ?R\< !SE VE DECADES4 ,WE'VE DONE SO PRIM>ILY ?R\< POLICIES ?AT AIM TO ISOLATE ! ISL&1 PREV5T+ ! MO/ BASIC TRAVEL & COMM]CE ?AT ,AM]ICANS CAN 5JOY ANYPLACE ELSE4 ,& ?\< ?IS POLICY HAS BE5 ROOT$ 9 ! BE/ ( 9T5TIONS1 NO O!R NATION JO9S US 9 IMPOS+ !SE SANCTIONS & IT HAS HAD LITTLE EFFECT BEYOND PROVID+ ! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T ) A RATIONALE = RE/RICTIONS ON ITS PEOPLE 444 ,TODAY1 ,I'M BE+ HONE/ ) Y\4 ,WE CAN NEV] ]ASE ! HI/ORY BETWE5 US40 

,ONE HAS TO ADMIRE ! /UNN+ AUDACITY ( ?IS PRON\NCEM5T1 :I* AGA9 RECALLS ! WORDS ( ,TACITUS4 ,OBAMA IS SURELY NOT UNAW>E ( ! ACTUAL HI/ORY1 :I* 9CLUDES NOT ONLY ! MURD]\S T]RORI/ W> & SC&AL\S ECONOMIC EMB>GO1 BUT ALSO MILIT>Y OCCUPATION ( ,S\!A/]N ,CUBA = OV] A C5TURY1 9CLUD+ ITS MAJOR PORT1 DESPITE REQUE/S BY ! GOV]NM5T S9CE 9DEP5D5CE TO RETURN :AT WAS /OL5 AT GUNPO9T -- A POLICY JU/I$ ONLY BY ! FANATIC COMMITM5T TO BLOCK ,CUBA'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T4 ,BY COMP>ISON1 ,PUT9'S ILLEGAL TAKEOV] ( ,CRIMEA LOOKS ALMO/ B5IGN4 ,D$ICATION TO REV5GE AGA9/ ! IMPUD5T ,CUBANS :O RESI/ ,U,S DOM9ATION HAS BE5 SO EXTREME ?AT IT HAS EV5 OV]RUL$ ! WI%ES ( P[]FUL SEGM5TS ( ! BUS9ESS COMMUNITY = NORMALIZATION -- PH>MACEUTICALS1 AGRIBUS9ESS1 5]GY - AN UNUSUAL DEVELOPM5T 9 ,U,S =EIGN POLICY4 ,WA%+TON'S CRUEL & V9DICTIVE POLICIES HAVE VIRTUALLY ISOLAT$ ! ,U,S 9 ! HEMISPH]E & ELICIT$ CONTEMPT & RIDICULE ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,WA%+TON & ITS ACOLYTES LIKE TO PRET5D ?AT !Y HAVE BE5 0ISOLAT+0 ,CUBA1 AS ,OBAMA 9TON$1 BUT ! RECORD %[S CLE>LY ?AT IT IS ! ,U,S ?AT IS BE+ ISOLAT$1 PROBABLY ! PRIM>Y REASON = ! P>TIAL *ANGE ( C\RSE4 

,DOME/IC OP9ION NO D\BT IS ALSO A FACTOR 9 ,OBAMA'S 0HI/ORIC MOVE0 -- ?\< ! PUBLIC HAS1 IRRELEVANTLY1 BE5 9 FAVOR ( NORMALIZATION = A LONG TIME4 ,A ,C,N,N POLL 9 #bad %[$ ?AT ONLY A QU>T] ( ,AM]ICANS N[ REG>D ,CUBA AS A S]I\S ?REAT TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 AS COMP>$ ) OV] TWO-?IRDS ?IRTY YE>S E>LI]1 :5 ,PRESID5T ,REAGAN WAS W>N+ AB\T ! GRAVE ?REAT TO \R LIVES POS$ BY ! NUTMEG CAPITAL ( ! WORLD 7,GR5ADA7 & BY ! ,NIC>AGUAN >MY1 ONLY TWO DAYS M>* FROM ,TEXAS4 ,) FE>S N[ HAV+ SOME:AT ABAT$1 P]HAPS WE CAN SLI<TLY RELAX \R VIGILANCE4 

,9 ! EXT5SIVE COMM5T>Y ON ,OBAMA'S DECISION1 A LEAD+ !ME HAS BE5 ?AT ,WA%+TON'S B5IGN EF=TS TO BR+ DEMOCRACY & HUMAN RI<TS TO SUFF]+ ,CUBANS1 SULLI$ ONLY BY *ILDI% ,C,I,A %5ANIGANS1 HAVE BE5 A FAILURE4 ,\R L(TY GOALS W]E NOT A*IEV$1 SO A RELUCTANT *ANGE ( C\RSE IS 9 ORD]4 

,W]E ! POLICIES A FAILURE8 ,?AT DEP5DS ON :AT ! GOAL WAS4 ,! ANSW] IS QUITE CLE> 9 ! DOCUM5T>Y RECORD4 ,! ,CUBAN ?REAT WAS ! FAMILI> ONE ?AT RUNS ?R\< ,COLD ,W> HI/ORY1 ) MANY PR$ECESSORS4 ,IT WAS SPELL$ \T CLE>LY BY ! 9COM+ ,K5N$Y ADM9I/RATION4 ,! PRIM>Y CONC]N WAS ?AT ,CUBA MI<T BE A 0VIRUS0 ?AT W\LD 0SPREAD CONTAGION10 TO BORR[ ,KISS+]'S T]MS = ! /&>D !ME1 REF]R+ TO ,ALL5DE'S ,*ILI4 ,?AT WAS RECOGNIZ$ AT ONCE4 

,9T5D+ TO FOCUS ATT5TION ON ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 BE=E TAK+ (FICE ,K5N$Y E/ABLI%$ A ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ,MISSION1 HEAD$ BY ,>?UR ,S*LES+]1 :O REPORT$ ITS CONCLUSIONS TO ! 9COM+ PRESID5T4 ,! ,MISSION W>N$ ( ! SUSCEPTIBILITY ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICANS TO 0! ,CA/RO IDEA ( TAK+ MATT]S 9TO ONE'S [N H&S10 A S]I\S DANG]1 AS ,S*LES+] LAT] ELABORAT$1 :5 0,! DI/RIBUTION ( L& & O!R =MS ( NATIONAL WEAL? GREATLY FAVORS ! PROP]TI$ CLASSES 444 .<&.> ,! POOR & UND]PRIVILEG$1 /IMULAT$ BY ! EXAMPLE ( ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION1 >E N[ DEM&+ OPPORTUNITIES = A DEC5T LIV+40 

,S*LES+] WAS REIT]AT+ ! LAM5TS ( ,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE ,JOHN ,FO/] ,DULLES1 :O COMPLA9$ TO ,PRESID5T ,EIS5H[] AB\T ! DANG]S POS$ BY DOME/IC 0,COMMUNI/S10 :O >E ABLE 0TO GET CONTROL ( MASS MOVEM5TS10 AN UNFAIR ADVANTAGE ?AT WE 0HAVE NO CAPACITY TO DUPLICATE40 ,! REASON IS ?AT 0! POOR PEOPLE >E ! ONES !Y APPEAL TO & !Y HAVE ALWAYS WANT$ TO PLUND] ! RI*40 ,IT IS H>D TO CONV9CE BACKW>D & IGNORANT PEOPLE TO FOLL[ \R PR9CIPLE ?AT ! RI* %\LD PLUND] ! POOR4 

,O!RS ELABORAT$ ON ,S*LES+]'S W>N+S4 ,9 ,JULY #a#i#f#a1 ! ,C,I,A REPORT$ ?AT 0,! EXT5SIVE 9U5CE ( ',CA/ROISM' IS NOT A FUNCTION ( ,CUBAN P[] 444 ,CA/RO'S %AD[ LOOMS L>GE BECAUSE SOCIAL & ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ?R\<\T ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA 9VITE OPPOSITION TO RUL+ AU?ORITY & 5C\RAGE AGITATION = RADICAL *ANGE10 = :I* ,CA/RO'S ,CUBA PROVIDES A MODEL4 ,! ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T ,POLICY ,PLANN+ ,C\NCIL EXPLA9$ FUR!R ?AT 0! PRIM>Y DANG] WE FACE 9 ,CA/RO IS4449 ! IMPACT ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( HIS REGIME HAS UPON ! LEFTI/ MOVEM5T 9 MANY ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN C\NTRIES444 ,! SIMPLE FACT IS ?AT ,CA/RO REPRES5TS A SUCCESSFUL DEFIANCE ( ! ,U,S1 A NEGATION ( \R :OLE HEMISPH]IC POLICY ( ALMO/ A C5TURY & A HALF10 EV] S9CE ! ,MONROE ,DOCTR9E DECL>$ ! ,U,S 9T5TION TO DOM9ATE ! HEMISPH]E4 ,TO PUT IT SIMPLY1 HI/ORIAN ,?OMAS ,PAT]SON OBS]VES1 0,CUBA1 AS SYMBOL & REALITY1 *ALL5G$ ,U4,S4 HEGEMONY 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA40 

,! WAY TO DEAL ) A VIRUS ?AT MI<T SPREAD CONTAGION IS TO KILL ! VIRUS & 9OCULATE POT5TIAL VICTIMS4 ,?AT S5SIBLE POLICY IS JU/ :AT ,WA%+TON PURSU$1 & 9 T]MS ( ITS PRIM>Y GOALS1 ! POLICY HAS BE5 QUITE SUCCESSFUL4 ,CUBA HAS SURVIV$1 BUT )\T ! ABILITY TO A*IEVE ! FE>$ POT5TIAL4 ,& ! REGION WAS 09OCULAT$0 ) VICI\S MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IPS TO PREV5T CONTAGION1 BEG9N+ ) ! ,K5N$Y-9SPIR$ MILIT>Y C\P ?AT E/ABLI%$ A ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY T]ROR & TORTURE REGIME 9 ,BRAZIL %ORTLY AFT] ,K5N$Y'S ASSASS9ATION1 GREET$ ) MU* 5?USIASM 9 ,WA%+TON4 ,! ,G5]ALS HAD C>RI$ \T A 0DEMOCRATIC REBELLION10 ,AMBASSADOR ,L9COLN ,GORDON CABL$ HOME4 ,! REVOLUTION WAS 0A GREAT VICTORY = FREE WORLD10 :I* PREV5T$ A 0TOTAL LOSS TO ,WE/ ( ALL ,S\? ,AM]ICAN ,REPUBLICS0 & %\LD 0CREATE A GREATLY IMPROV$ CLIMATE = PRIVATE 9VE/M5TS40 ,?IS DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION WAS 0! S+LE MO/ DECISIVE VICTORY ( FRE$OM 9 ! MID-TW5TIE? C5TURY10 ,GORDON HELD1 0ONE ( ! MAJOR TURN+ PO9TS 9 WORLD HI/ORY0 9 ?IS P]IOD1 :I* REMOV$ :AT ,WA%+TON SAW AS A ,CA/RO CLONE4 

,! PLAGUE !N SPREAD ?R\<\T ! CONT95T1 CULM9AT+ 9 ,REAGAN'S T]RORI/ W>S 9 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA & NALLY ! ASSASS9ATION ( SIX LEAD+ ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN 9TELLECTUALS1 ,JESUIT PRIE/S1 BY AN ELITE ,SALVADORAN BATTALION1 FRE% FROM R5EW$ TRA9+ AT ! ,J,F,K ,SPECIAL ,W>F>E ,S*OOL AT ,=T ,BRAGG1 FOLL[+ ! ORD]S ( ! ,HI< ,COMM& TO MURD] !M ALONG ) ANY WITNESSES1 !IR H\SEKEEP] & H] DAU<T]4 ,! #b#e? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ASSASS9ATION HAS JU/ PASS$1 COMMEMORAT$ ) ! USUAL SIL5CE CONSID]$ APPROPRIATE = \R CRIMES4 

,MU* ! SAME WAS TRUE ( ! ,VIETNAM W>1 ALSO CONSID]$ A FAILURE & A DEFEAT4 ,VIETNAM ITSELF WAS ( NO P>TICUL> CONC]N1 BUT AS ! DOCUM5T>Y RECORD REVEALS1 ,WA%+TON WAS CONC]N$ ?AT SUCCESSFUL 9DEP5D5T DEVELOPM5T !RE MI<T SPREAD CONTAGION ?R\<\T ! REGION1 REA*+ ,9DONESIA1 ) ITS RI* RES\RCES1 & P]HAPS EV5 AS F> AS ,JAPAN -- ! 0SUP]DOM9O0 AS IT WAS DESCRIB$ BY ,ASIA HI/ORIAN ,JOHN ,D[] -- :I* MI<T ACCOMMODATE TO AN 9DEP5D5T ,EA/ ,ASIA1 BECOM+ ITS 9DU/RIAL & TE*NOLOGICAL C5T]1 9DEP5D5T ( ,U,S CONTROL1 9 EFFECT CON/RUCT+ A ,NEW ,ORD] 9 ,ASIA4 ,! ,U,S WAS NOT PREP>$ TO LOSE ! ,PACIC PHASE ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I 9 ! E>LY #a#i#eS1 SO IT TURN$ QUICKLY TO SUPPORT = ,FRANCE'S W> TO RECONQU] ITS =M] COLONY1 & !N ON TO ! HORRORS ?AT 5SU$1 %>PLY ESCALAT$ :5 ,K5N$Y TOOK (CE1 LAT] BY HIS SUCCESSORS4 

,VIETNAM WAS VIRTUALLY DE/ROY$3 IT W\LD BE A MODEL = NO ONE4 ,& ! REGION WAS PROTECT$ BY 9/ALL+ MURD]\S DICTATOR%IPS1 MU* AS 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA 9 ! SAME YE>S -- IT IS NOT UNNATURAL ?AT IMP]IAL POLICY %\LD FOLL[ SIMIL> L9ES 9 DIFF]5T P>TS ( ! WORLD4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT CASE WAS ,9DONESIA1 PROTECT$ FROM CONTAGION BY ! #aife ,SUH>TO C\P1 A 0/AGG]+ MASS SLAU<T]0 AS ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES DESCRIB$ IT ACCURATELY1 :ILE JO9+ 9 ! G5]AL EUPHORIA AB\T 0A GLEAM ( LI<T 9 ,ASIA0 7LIB]AL COLUMNI/ ,JAMES ,RE/ON74 ,9 RETROSPECT1 ,K5N$Y-,JOHNSON ,NATIONAL ,SECURITY ADVIS] ,MC,GEORGE ,BUNDY RECOGNIZ$ ?AT 0\R EF=T0 9 ,VIETNAM WAS 0EXCESSIVE0 AFT] #a#i#f#e1 ) ,9DONESIA SAFELY 9OCULAT$4 

,! ,VIETNAM W> IS DESCRIB$ AS A FAILURE1 AN ,AM]ICAN DEFEAT4 ,9 REALITY IT WAS A P>TIAL VICTORY4 ,! ,U,S DID NOT A*IEVE ITS MAXIMAL GOAL ( TURN+ ,VIETNAM 9TO ! ,PHILIPP9ES1 BUT ! MAJOR CONC]NS W]E OV]COME1 MU* AS 9 ! CASE ( ,CUBA4 ,SU* \TCOMES !RE=E C\NT AS DEFEAT1 FAILURE1 T]RIBLE DECISIONS4 

,! IMP]IAL M5TALITY IS WONDR\S TO BEHOLD4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bba 3 ,A ,BRIEF ,HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICA'S ,COLD-,BLOOD$1 ,T]RORI/IC ,TREATM5T ( ,CUBA -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,A ,BRIEF ,HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICA'S ,COLD-,BLOOD$1 ,T]RORI/IC ,TREATM5T ( ,CUBA -- ,UPDAT$4 

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