#a#i#c#a3 ,B>CELONA MASS R5T /RIKE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,TOM ,WETZEL 

,TEXT 3 

,! /RIKE LAID ! GR\NDWORK = MU* MORE WORK]S' ORGANIZATION 9 ! COMMUNITY 9 SUBSEQU5T YE>S 

,B>CELONA IS ! CAPITAL ( ! PROV9CE ( ,CATALONIA 9 NOR!A/]N ,SPA94 ,9 ! #a#i#bS ,B>CELONA WAS ! FA/E/ GR[+ CITY 9 ,EUROPE4 ,MOD]NIZATION & 9DU/RIALIZATION W]E PROCE$+ AT A RAPID PACE4 ,MIGRANTS FROM NE>BY REGIONS W]E FLOOD+ 9TO ! CITY TO TAKE JOBS4 ,! POPULATION ( ,B>CELONA EXP&$ BY #f#b.0 DUR+ ?AT DECADE4 ,ADJAC5T BLUE-COLL> SUBURBS LIKE ,HOSPITALET & ,SANTA ,COLOMA D\BL$ & TRIPL$ 9 POPULATION4 ,BY ! #a#i#cS ! PROV9CE ( ,CATALONIA1 ) AB\T #f MILLION RESID5TS1 CONTA9$ AB\T #g.0 ( ! MANUFACTUR+ CAPACITY ( ,SPA94 ,B>CELONA HAD BECOME ,SPA9'S L>GE/ CITY1 ) #a4#e MILLION PEOPLE4 

,! RAPID EXPANSION ( POPULATION L$ TO A S]I\S H\S+ %ORTAGE1 & RAPID R5T 9FLATION1 ) R5TS RIS+ #a#e.0 9 MANY >EAS4 ,! SEV]E %ORTAGE ( H\S+ ALSO L$ TO S]I\S PROBLEMS ( OV]CR[D+ & DET]IORATION 9 ! K9D ( H\S+ AVAILABLE TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!RE WAS SOME PUBLIC H\S+ -- 9EXP5SIVE CONCRETE BUILD+S -- BUT ONLY #b1#b UNITS HAD BE5 BUILT4 ,! CITY RELI$ OV]:ELM+LY ON ! PRIVATE REAL E/ATE M>KET TO PROVIDE H\S+4 

,AL?\< !RE W]E SOME L>GE-SCALE PRIVATE AP>TM5T BLOCKS OR 0E/ATES10 MU* ( ! H\S+ WAS PROVID$ BY A HUGE CLASS ( SMALL PROP]TY [N]S4 ,! MA9 L&LORDS' ORGANIZATION1 ! ,*AMB] ( ,URBAN ,PROP]TY1 HAD OV] #i#g1#h MEMB]S 9 ! PROV9CE ( ,CATALONIA4 

,*ANTY T[NS BEGAN TO APPE> ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ! CITY4 ,BUT !SE W]E NOT *ANTIES BUILT BY ! RESID5TS BUT BY L&LORDS :O BUILT SUB/&>D DWELL+S :ILE ! AU?ORITIES LOOK$ ! O!R WAY4 ,BY #aibg IT WAS E/IMAT$ ?AT OV] #f1 *ANTIES HAD BE5 BUILT 9 ,B>CELONA1 H\S+ #c1 PEOPLE1 ) MORE 9 SURR\ND+ T[NS4 ,9 ! OLD] P>TS ( ,B>CELONA MANY FLATS OR H\SES W]E CUT UP 9TO T9Y UNITS4 ,(T5 ! P5NY-P9*+ L&LORDS REFUS$ TO PROVIDE WAT] HOOKUPS = !SE NEW UNITS1 EV5 ?\< ! CITY BUILD+ CODES HAD REQUIR$ RUNN+ WAT] S9CE AT LEA/ #a#h#i#a4 ,BY #aicc IT WAS E/IMAT$ ?AT #b1 FLATS OR H\SES 9 ,B>CELONA LACK$ RUNN+ WAT]4 

,! ,WAGE ,SQUEEZE 

,:ILE R5TS W]E RIS+1 WORK]S' WAGES 9 ,CATALONIA 9 ! #a#i#bS W]E /AGNANT4 ,A REPRESSIVE ATMOSPH]E HAD MADE IT DIFFICULT = ! CITY'S UNIONS TO PRESS EMPLOY]S = WAGE 9CREASES4 

,A MASS UNION MOVEM5T HAD EM]G$ 9 ,CATALONIA 9 ! ,WORLD ,W> ,I ]A1 PUNCTUAT$ BY ! CITY-WIDE G5]AL /RIKE ( #a#i#a#g4 ,! MA9 UNIONS W]E ORGANIZ$ 9TO ! ,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DE ,TRABAJO 7,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( LABOR -- ,C,N,T71 A REVOLUTION>Y UNION MOVEM5T ORGANIZ$ ON AN>*I/ L9ES4 

,9 ! E>LY #a#i#bS ! EMPLOY]S RESPOND$ TO ! RIS+ WORK] MILITANCY BY SETT+ UP A 0YELL[ DOG0 7PRO-EMPLOY]7 UNION1 CALL$ ! ,S9DICATO ,LIBRE 7,FREE ,UNION71 & HIR+ PI/OL]OS 7GUN ?UGS7 TO ASSASS9ATE WELL-KN[N ACTIVI/S ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,HUNDR$S ( WORK]S W]E %OT DUR+ ?IS CAMPAIGN4 ,SOME ACTIVI/S ( ! ,C,N,T RETALIAT$ BY ASSASS9AT+ EMPLOY]S :O HIR$ ! PI/OL]OS4 ,9 ! LATE '#bS ! REPRESSIVE ATMOSPH]E WAS (FICIALLY SANCTION$ ) ! CREATION ( A MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP UND] ,DIEGO ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A1 :I* \TLAW$ ! ,C,N,T4 

,ORIG9S ( ! ,R5T ,/RIKE 

,BY #aic ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP HAD COLLAPS$1 & ! MON>*Y WAS REPLAC$ ) AN ELECT$ ,REPUBLIC 9 ELECTIONS ( ,APRIL1 #a#i#c#a4 ,POLITICAL GR\PS & ! ,C,N,T UNIONS W]E ABLE TO ORGANIZE LEGALLY4 

,BY ! E>LY #a#i#cS UNEMPLOYM5T WAS 9CREAS+ BUT R5TS W]E /ILL HI<1 COMP\ND+ ! CRISIS4 ,ACTIVI/S 9 ! ,C,N,T HAD BE5 DEBAT+ S9CE ! LATE #a#i#bS H[ TO BREAK \T ( LIMIT$ /RUGGLES ) 9DIVIDUAL EMPLOY]S & MAKE ! UNIONS RELEVANT TO ALL SOCIAL PROBLEMS AFFECT+ ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,9 ,JANU>Y ( #aica ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A 7,WORK]S ,SOLID>ITY -- A DAILY NEWSPAP] [N$ BY ! ,C,N,T ( ,CATALONIA7 PUBLI%$ A S]IES ( >TICLES CALL+ = ACTION >\ND ! H\S+ CRISIS4 

,! BUILD+ TRADES W]E P>TICUL>LY AFFECT$ BY RIS+ UNEMPLOYM5T 9 ! E>LY '#cS & ! ,C,N,T CON/RUCTION WORK]S UNION L$ ! WAY ON ! H\S+ ISSUE4 ,ON ,APRIL #a#b? ( #aica ! CON/RUCTION WORK]S UNION CALL$ A MEET+ TO DEAL ) ! H\S+ CRISIS4 ,AT ?AT MEET+ ,>TURO ,P>]A & ,SANTIAGO ,BILBAO PROPOS$ ! =MATION ( AN 0,ECONOMIC ,DEF5SE ,COMMISSION ( ! ,CON/RUCTION ,UNION10 ) AN 9VITATION TO O!R UNIONS TO JO94 

,P>]A JU/IFI$ ! DEM& = A R5T R$UCTION ON ! GR\NDS ?AT R5T 9FLATION HAD L$ TO L&LORDS GETT+ AN EXCESSIVE RETURN ON 9VE/M5T ( #h TO #af P]C5T4 ,HE >GU$ ?AT TY+ UP CAPITAL 9 UNPRODUCTIVE =MS ( 9VE/M5T LIKE PROP]TY [N]%IP CONTRIBUT$ TO ! GR[+ ECONOMIC /AGNATION ( ! E>LY '#cS4 ,P>]A & ,BILBAO -- BO? WELL-KN[N MEMB]S ( ! ,F$]ACION ,AN>QUI/A ,IB]ICA 7,F,A,I7 7,IB]IAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION7 -- W\LD PLAY AN PROM95T ROLE 9 ! R5T /RIKE4 

,! ,ECONOMIC ,DEF5SE ,COMMISSION 7,$,C7 FIR/ PRES5T$ ITS BASIC DEM& -- = A #d.0 R$UCTION 9 R5TS -- AT A MASSIVE ,C,N,T RALLY HELD ON ,MAY #a/ 7,MAY ,DAY74 

,! ACTIVE CAMPAIGN ( ! ,$,C WAS RAMP+ UP ) A S]IES ( MEET+S HELD 9 ! V>I\S WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOODS ( ,B>CELONA & 9 SURR\ND+ BLUE-COLL> SUBURBS4 ,ON ,JULY #a AB\T #a1#e PEOPLE ATT5D$ A MEET+ 9 ,B>CELONETA1 A WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOOD NE> ! DOCKS1 :]E MANY LONG%OREM5 LIV$4 ,AT !SE MEET+S PEOPLE SPOKE \T AGA9/ L&LORDS & M]*ANTS :O !Y ACCUS$ ( ROBB+ ! PEOPLE1 ) ! COMPLICITY ( ! GOV]NM5T AU?ORITIES4 

,?IS S]IES ( MEET+S CULM9AT$ 9 A MASS MEET+ HELD AT ! ,PALACE ( ,F9E ,>TS ON ,JULY #e?4 ,AT ?IS MEET+ ! FOLL[+ DEM&S W]E ACCEPT$ AS ! BASIS ( ! MOVEM5T3 

,! R5T DEPOSIT 7TYPICALLY ONE MON?'S R5T7 ?AT ! L&LORDS HAD BE5 TAK+ FROM T5ANTS :5 !Y FIR/ OCCUPY A DWELL+ %\LD BE US$ AS ! R5T = ?AT MON? ( ,JULY ) NO O!R R5T BE+ PAID ?AT MON?4 

,AFT] ,JULY !RE %\LD BE A #d.0 R$UCTION 9 R5T4 

,?OSE :O >E UNEMPLOY$ %\LD NOT HAVE TO PAY ANY R5T4 

,IF L&LORDS REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! R5T R$UCTION1 ! T5ANTS %\LD DECL>E !MSELVES ON R5T /RIKE & PAY NO R5T1 ALWAYS MAK+ CLE> ?AT ?IS WAS P>T ( ! G5]AL SOCIAL MOVEM5T = L[] R5T4 

,?IS PROPOSAL PROVOK$ AN IMM$IATE REACTION FROM ! ,*AMB] ( ,URBAN ,PROP]TY :O D5\NC$ IT AS SIMPLY A VIOLATION ( !IR LEGITIMATE PROP]TY RI<TS4 ,TO !M ! ONLY PROBLEM WAS POLICE 5=CEM5T ( !IR RI<TS4 ,!Y REFUS$ ANY IDEA ( A NEGOTIAT$ SOLUTION4 

,ONSET ( ! ,R5T ,/RIKE 

,! ,ECONOMIC ,DEF5SE ,COMMISSION E/IMAT$ ?AT #d#e1 PEOPLE W]E TAK+ P>T 9 ! R5T /RIKE 9 ,JULY1 & OV] #a1 BY ,AUGU/4 ,EV5 IF !SE E/IMATES >E A BIT EXAGG]AT$1 CLE>LY1 ?IS WAS A MASSIVE R5T /RIKE4 ,!RE W]E R5T /RIKES GO+ ON 9 ALL ! WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOODS ( ,B>CELONA1 & A NUMB] ( ! \TLY+ T[NS HAD SET UP !IR [N ,ECONOMIC ,DEF5SE ,COMMISSIONS & W]E PURSU+ A SIMIL> REC\RSE4 

,9 ! ELECTIONS ( ,APRIL #a#i#c#a1 ! LOCAL PROV9CIAL GOV]NM5T HAD BE5 CAPTUR$ BY ! ,P>TIT ,ESQU]RA ,REPUBLICANA ,CATALANA 7,CATALAN ,LEFT ,REPUBLICAN ,P>TY7 -- A POPULI/ ,CATALAN NATIONALI/ P>TY BAS$ MA9LY ON ! PR(ESSIONAL & SMALL-BUS9ESS CLASSES & F>M]S4 ,9 ! ELECTION ! LIB]AL LEAD]S ( ! ,ESQU]RA HAD PROMIS$ TO RESPECT CIVIL LIB]TIES & HAD ACKN[L$G$ ?AT ! H\S+ CRISIS NE$$ TO BE ADDRESS$4 ,! ,C,N,T ACTIVI/S HAD EXPECT$ ?AT ! LIB]ALS W\LD AT LEA/ GIVE !M BREA?+ ROOM = ! GRASSROOTS ORGANIZ+ TO UNFOLD4 

,MEAN:ILE1 ! L&LORDS DECID$ TO GO OV] ! HEAD ( ! LOCAL LIB]AL LEAD]S1 APPEAL+ = 9T]V5TION BY ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T4 ,! NATIONAL CAB9ET W]E SYMPA!TIC TO ! L&LORDS' CONC]NS -- EV5 ! ,SOCIALI/ LABOR ,M9I/]1 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 DECRI$ ! R5T R$UCTION CAMPAIGN AS 0ABSURD40 

,! ,AU?ORITIES ,CLAMP ,D[N 

,ON ,JULY #b#bND ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T F\ND A PRETEXT TO 9T]V5E4 ,! R5T /RIKE 9 ,B>CELONA HAPP5$ TO CO9CIDE ) A BITT] NATIONAL /RIKE BY ! ,C,N,T TELEPHONE WORK] UNIONS AGA9/ ! ,SPANI% ,NATIONAL ,TELEPHONE ,CO4 7A SUBSIDI>Y ( ! ,AM]ICAN MULT9ATIONAL ,I,T,T74 ,ON ,JULY #b#bND A BOMB W5T (F 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,! BOMB+ DID S]I\S DAMAGE TO TELEPHONE EQUIPM5T1 BUT !RE W]E NO 9JURIES4 

,EV5 ?\< ! TELEPHONE BOMB+ HAD NO CONNECTION TO ! R5T /RIKE1 ! REPRES5TATIVE ( ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T 9 ,B>CELONA BANN$ A RALLY ( ! ,ECONOMIC ,DEF5SE ,COMMISSION SLAT$ = ,JULY #b#g?4 ,! GOV]NM5T ALSO BEGAN A PROSECUTION AGA9/ ! LEAFLETS ( ! ,$,C AS 0S$ITI\S PROPAG&A40 ,! L&LORDS HAD >GU$ ?AT S9CE NOT PAY+ Y\R R5T IS A 0CRIME10 ! R5T /RIKE MOVEM5T %\LD BE BANN$4 

,NONE!LESS1 LOCAL GR\PS W]E /ILL ABLE TO COORD9ATE ACTIONS 9 ! V>I\S NEI<BORHOODS1 OP]AT+ \T ( ,C,N,T UNION HALLS OR ! WORK]_/COMMUNITY C5T]S ?AT HAD BE5 SET UP BY ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T = CLASSES1 CULTURAL EV5TS1 & POLITICAL DISCUSSIONS4 

,FAMILIES BE+ PUT BACK 9TO FLATS FROM :I* !Y HAD BE5 EVICT$ HAD BEGUN TO OCCUR 9 E>LY ,MAY1 EV5 BE=E ! R5T /RIKE GOT UND] WAY1 & !SE K9DS ( 9CID5TS BEGAN TO BECOME MORE NUM]\S4 ,UND] ! EXI/+ LAWS1 EVICTIONS W]E SUPPOS$ TO BE C>RI$ \T BY CITY EMPLOYES ?R\< ! ,MUNICIPAL ,C\RT4 ,BUT (T5 ! CITY EMPLOYES W]E 9TIMIDAT$ BY CR[DS OR W]E SYMPA!TIC TO ! R5T /RIK]S4 ,!RE W]E SO MANY LOCAL GR\PS ORGANIZ$ TO PUT EVICT$ PEOPLE BACK 9TO !IR H\SES ?AT ! AU?ORITIES C\LDN'T KEEP UP4 ,EXASP]AT$1 ! ,*AMB] ( ,URBAN ,PROP]TY ORGANIZ$ ITS [N MILITIA TO C>RY \T EVICTIONS1 ) TRUCKS TO MOVE EVICTEES' BELONG+S4 

,ON ,AUGU/ #cRD1 ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T APPO9T$ A CONS]VATIVE LAWY]1 ,ANGU]A DE ,SOJO1 AS ! CIVIL GOV]NOR = ,B>CELONA4 ,ANGU]A DE ,SOJO LET IT BE KN[N HE CONSID]$ ! R5T /RIKE TO BE SIMPLY ILLEGAL & ?AT HE W\LDN'T ALL[ IT4 

,ON ,AUGU/ #a#g? ,SANTIAGO ,BILBAO WAS >RE/$ & HELD 9 ADM9I/RATIVE DETECTION1 :I* EVAD$ FIL+ ( *>GES OR A TRIAL4 ,HE WAS >RE/$ ON ! GR\NDS HE HAD 0RIDICUL$ AU?ORITY0 BY SPEAK+ 9 FAVOR ( ! R5T /RIKE AT A MEET+ ( ! TEXTILE WORK]S UNION4 ,BY ! 5D ( ,AUGU/ #ec ,C,N,T ACTIVI/S 9VOLV$ 9 ! R5T /RIKE CAMPAIGN HAD BE5 >RE/$4 ,ADM9I/RATIVE DET5TION HAD BE5 ONE ( ! MO/ HAT$ PRACTICES ( ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP ( ! '#bS1 BUT N[ IT WAS ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T ?AT WAS US+ IT4 

,AT ! 5D ( ,AUGU/1 ! #ec ,C,N,T ACTIVI/S 9 PRISON DECL>$ !MSELVES ON A HUNG] /RIKE1 :I* L$ TO A PRISON RIOT ON ,SEPTEMB] #bND4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! ,C,N,T CALL$ = A CITY-WIDE G5]AL /RIKE TO PROTE/ ! TREATM5T ( ! PEOPLE :O HAD BE5 >RE/$4 ,?IS L$ TO VIOL5T CLA%ES BETWE5 /RIK]S & POLICE4 ,SEV]AL HUNDR$ FUR!R >RE/S ( ACTIVI/S TOOK PLACE4 

,ON ,OCTOB] #bND ! CIVIL GOV]NOR DEM&$ ! NAMES ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ,$,C FROM ! ,C,N,T ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION 7C5TRAL LABOR C\NCIL74 ,! LOCAL F$]ATION REFUS$ TO COOP]ATE & WAS HEAVILY F9$4 ,FROM ?AT PO9T =W>D ! ,$,C C\LD NOT EV5 PUBLI% /ATEM5TS 9 ! PRESS & W5T UND]GR\ND4 

,BUT ! R5T /RIKE CONT9U$ 9 MANY P>TS ( ! CITY4 

,9 A LETT] ( ,OCTOB] #a#g? TO ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/]1 ! ,*AMB] ( ,URBAN ,PROP]TY D5\NC$ :AT !Y CALL$ A 0/ATE ( AN>*Y0 9 ! \TLY+ WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOODS ( ,B>CELONA4 ,BY ,AUGU/ ! AU?ORITIES HAD BR\<T 9 ! GU>DIA -- ,SPA9'S NATIONAL P>AMILIT>Y POLICE =CE -- TO 9T]V5E 9 ! /RIKE4 ,AT ONE EVICTION 9 E>LY ,OCTOB] ! GU>DIA W]E UNABLE TO C>RY \T AN EVICTION AS !Y FAC$ A L>GE CR[D ( PREGNANT WOM5 & *ILDR51 :O ! (FIC] ( ! GU>DIA WAS NOT WILL+ TO ATTACK4 

,EV5TUALLY1 H[EV]1 ! /RIKE BEGAN TO BE BROK5 BY ! PRACTICE ( POLICE RETURN+ TO ! DWELL+S ( PEOPLE :O HAD BE5 PUT BACK 9 BY !IR NEI<BORS1 & !N >RE/+ ?OSE T5ANTS4 ,BY ,NOVEMB] ! LEVEL ( /RIKE ACTIVITY HAD SUBSID$ NOTICEABLY4 ,BUT ! R5T /RIKE CONT9U$ TO SOME EXT5T 9 AN UND]GR\ND =M1 ) OCCASIONAL 9CID5TS ( CONFLICTS ) L&LORDS4 

,9 ,DECEMB] ! LOCAL GOV]NM5T1 CONTROLL$ BY ! ,ESQU]RA1 RESPOND$ TO ! R5T /RIKE BY PASS+ A LAW ?AT ALL[$ T5ANTS TO MAKE CLAIMS = 0UNFAIR0 R5T -- A LAW ?AT PROV$ TO BE UN5=CEABLE & L>GELY USELESS TO WORK+ CLASS R5T]S4 

,9 MANY P>TS ( ! CITY L&LORDS HAD BE5 =C$ TO COME TO T]MS ) !IR T5ANTS1 AGREE+ TO R$UC$ R5TS RA!R ?AN FAC+ ! PROSPECT ( HAV+ NO 9COME = AN EXT5D$ P]IOD4 ,OR TO SETTLE ! CONFLICT ! L&LORD SIMPLY AGRE$ TO =GET ! UNPAID R5TS FROM ! P]IOD ( ! R5T /RIKE4 ,AS A RESULT1 MANY T5ANTS FELT !Y HAD AT LEA/ WON SOME?+ FROM ! /RIKE4 

,= MANY ( ! Y\NG] ACTIVI/S ?IS WAS ! FIR/ TIME !Y HAD BE5 9VOLV$ 9 A L>GE-SCALE DIRECT ACTION CAMPAIGN1 & IT PROVID$ VALUABLE EXP]I5CE 9 H[ A COMMUNITY C\LD ORGANIZE ITSELF TO *ALL5GE PEOPLE ) ECONOMIC P[] & CRAFT A SOLUTION TO ITS PROBLEMS ?R\< ITS [N ACTIVITY4 ,9 ?IS S5SE IT SET ! /AGE = ! EV5 MORE DRAMATIC EV5TS ?AT W\LD TRANS=M ,B>CELONA 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#c#f1 ) ! ONSET ( ! REVOLUTION & CIVIL W> 9 ,SPA94 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bba 3 #a#i#c#a3 ,B>CELONA MASS R5T /RIKE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 #a#i#c#a3 ,B>CELONA MASS R5T /RIKE -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/